Trees, Forests and People最新文献_第6页

Rapid recovery of Brazilian tropical savanna woodlands (Cerrado stricto sensu) to prescribed burns 巴西热带稀树草原林地（严格意义上的塞拉多）对规定烧伤的迅速恢复

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101129

George Louis Vourlitis , Higo Jose Dalmagro , Osvaldo Borges Pinto Jr. , Robson Nunes Vieira , Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Malhado , Paulo Henrique Zanella de Arruda

Fire is an important agent of disturbance for Brazilian tropical savanna (Cerrado), but fire suppression in protected areas like National Parks has transformed savanna grasslands and woodlands into forests. This transformation has caused a decline in biodiversity, prompting land managers to re-introduce fire to reduce tree encroachment and preserve the high biodiversity of these grasslands and woodlands. We partnered with land managers of the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park to conduct prescribed burns during the 2022 and 2023 dry seasons in Cerrado woodlands (stricto sensu). Our objectives were to determine how understory vegetation, tree growth, recruitment and mortality, and tree species composition were affected by the prescribed fires. We followed understory cover, tree species abundance, growth, mortality, and recruitment, surface root production, and soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content over a period of 1-2 years after fire to assess short-term stand recovery. Climatic conditions were similar prior to each fire, and while ground surface temperatures were similar for each fire, the 2023 fire was hotter in the understory canopy. Understory vegetation grew significantly faster in burned vs. unburned plots one year of post-fire. Tree mortality was significantly higher in burned stands one year after fire, but after two years of recovery tree mortality was similar in burned and unburned plots. Furthermore, trees that died in burned plots had significantly smaller diameters that trees that died in unburned plots, suggesting that fire differentially affected smaller trees. Tree recruitment was not significantly affected by fire, but species such as Andira cujabensis, Qualea grandiflora, and Tachigali vulgaris had a fire-induced increase in relative growth rate (RGR) during the first year of post-fire recovery. Fire also increased the relative abundance of A. cujabensis and T. vulgaris but caused a significant decline in Cenostigma macrophyllum that persisted for two years after fire. Together, these results indicate a resilient vegetation response to fire, especially for understory vegetation and tree species that are considered fire resistant. These data can help inform land managers on how to use fire as a tool for reducing tree encroachment and preserving biodiversity of these protected woodlands.

火灾是巴西热带稀树草原（塞拉多）的重要干扰因素，但国家公园等保护区的灭火行动已将稀树草原和林地转变为森林。这种转变导致了生物多样性的下降，促使土地管理者重新引入火来减少树木的入侵，并保护这些草原和林地的高度生物多样性。我们与Chapada dos guimar es国家公园的土地管理者合作，在2022年和2023年旱季在塞拉多林地（严格意义上）进行规定的焚烧。我们的目的是确定林下植被、树木生长、补充和死亡以及树种组成如何受到规定火灾的影响。在火灾后1 ~ 2年的时间里，我们通过跟踪林下盖度、树种丰度、生长、死亡和补充、地表根系产量和土壤氮、磷含量来评估林分的短期恢复情况。每次火灾前的气候条件相似，虽然每次火灾的地表温度相似，但2023年的火灾在林下冠层中更热。火灾后1年，燃烧样地林下植被的生长速度明显快于未燃烧样地。火灾发生1年后，烧毁林分的树木死亡率显著高于未烧毁林分，但恢复2年后，烧毁林分和未烧毁林分的树木死亡率相似。此外，在烧毁地块中死亡的树木的直径明显小于未烧毁地块中死亡的树木，这表明火灾对较小树木的影响不同。树木补充不受火灾的显著影响，但在火灾恢复后的第1年，山核桃、大花夸兰和奇加利等树种的相对生长率（RGR）均有火灾诱导的增加。火也增加了库jabensis和T. vulgaris的相对丰度，但导致巨叶隐柱头（Cenostigma macrophyllum）的显著下降，并持续2年。综上所述，这些结果表明植被对火灾的响应是有弹性的，特别是对于被认为是防火的林下植被和树种。这些数据可以帮助土地管理者了解如何利用火作为减少树木入侵和保护这些受保护林地生物多样性的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Threshold-driven spatial configuration for urban park cooling: Translating multi-metric analysis into actionable design guidelines in Shenzhen 阈值驱动的城市公园降温空间配置：将多度量分析转化为可操作的深圳设计指南

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101153

Haoran Tang , Haoran Hu , Xinyun Qiu , Guoyi Wang

Urban parks are vital thermal regulators in rapidly urbanizing regions, while advances in spatial metrics and machine learning exist, the systematic identification of environmental thresholds across multiple cooling metrics and translating multidimensional cooling analyses into actionable design guidelines for medium-to-large urban parks remain challenging. This study applies an ensemble engineering pipeline by integrating Random Forest feature selection, LightGBM modeling, and SHAP interpretability to analyze cooling performance across 196 parks in Shenzhen. Our analysis reveals critical compound thresholds: Parks under 20 ha achieve optimal cooling effect when situated in high-vegetation zones, whereas larger parks maintain stable cooling efficiency. Forest area benefits for park cooling intensity plateau at approximately 5 ha but continue enhancing cooling area, indicating metric-specific optimization needs. Road density exceeding 15% significantly impairs cooling performance, with distinct thresholds per metric. We translate these findings into practical design rules: Maintaining tree heights at 10–15 m maximizes cooling efficiency for smaller parks, while limiting impervious surfaces below 40% enhances cooling extent. By systematically examining interactions between two-dimensional landscape metrics, three-dimensional vegetation characteristics, and urban context across multiple cooling indicators, this work demonstrates how ensemble machine learning techniques, when coupled with interpretability methods, can generate implementable thermal resilience strategies within existing urban design frameworks. The study bridges the gap between complex nonlinear analysis and actionable engineering guidance for subtropical megacities facing acute heat challenges.

在快速城市化地区，城市公园是至关重要的热调节器，尽管空间指标和机器学习已经取得了进展，但系统地识别多个冷却指标的环境阈值，并将多维冷却分析转化为大中型城市公园的可操作设计指南，仍然具有挑战性。本研究采用集成工程管道，结合随机森林特征选择、LightGBM建模和SHAP可解释性，对深圳196个公园的制冷性能进行了分析。我们的分析揭示了关键的复合阈值：20公顷以下的公园在位于高植被带时达到最佳冷却效果，而较大的公园则保持稳定的冷却效率。森林面积在约5 ha时有利于公园冷却强度高原，但继续增加冷却面积，表明特定指标的优化需求。道路密度超过15%会显著损害冷却性能，每个指标有不同的阈值。我们将这些发现转化为实用的设计规则：将树木高度保持在10-15米可以最大限度地提高小型公园的冷却效率，同时将不透水表面限制在40%以下可以提高冷却程度。通过系统地研究二维景观指标、三维植被特征和多个冷却指标之间的相互作用，这项工作展示了集成机器学习技术如何与可解释性方法相结合，在现有的城市设计框架内产生可实施的热弹性策略。该研究弥补了复杂的非线性分析和可操作的工程指导之间的差距，为面临急性热挑战的亚热带特大城市。

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引用次数: 0

How does climate influence mangrove litterfall production across different species? A case study in Zhanjiang, China 气候如何影响不同物种的红树林凋落物产量？以中国湛江为例

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101137

Yuhang Wang , Qi Liu , Xiafei Zhou , Wanyu Wen , Minghao Gong , Yaojun Zhu

Mangrove litterfall represents a major pathway of energy and nutrient flux, yet species-specific and organ-specific climatic responses remain insufficiently understood. This study quantified litterfall dynamic of three dominant mangrove species—Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, and Rhizophora stylosa—compared fresh and dry organ-level phenology, and identified climatic drivers of species- and organ-specific litterfall patterns. Litterfall was monitored sub-monthly for two years (2023–2024) in mature subtropical stands and partitioned into leaves, flowers, propagules, and branches. Across species, annual fresh litterfall ranged from 1675.39 g m⁻²·in A. marina to 2998.74 g m⁻²·in B. gymnorhiza, with leaves contributing over 60% of total biomass. B. gymnorhiza and R. stylosa consistently produced more litterfall than A. marina. Pronounced interspecific differences were observed: B. gymnorhiza exhibited the strongest seasonality with sharp mid-year peaks, whereas R. stylosa maintained relatively stable production year-round. Leaf and flower litterfall showed asynchronous seasonal patterns across species, while propagule and branch litterfall displayed distinctly staggered reproductive and structural turnover cycles. To examine climatic effects, we employed Bayesian generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), which capture nonlinear climate–litterfall relationships and account for hierarchical variation among species and organs. The models revealed clear functional differentiation in climatic sensitivity. Temperature positively influenced leaf and flower litterfall, particularly above 28 °C. Precipitation showed unimodal effects, and maximum wind speed strongly promoted flower and propagule litterfall, especially in A. marina and R. stylosa. Relative humidity had generally minor effects. Leaf litterfall showed the strongest climatic response, while branch litterfall was least sensitive. Overall, this study highlights contrasting phenological rhythms and climatic sensitivities among coexisting mangrove species and provide insights to support mangrove restoration, carbon accounting, and climate adaptation in subtropical coastal ecosystems.

红树林凋落物是能量和养分流动的主要途径，但物种特异性和器官特异性气候反应仍未得到充分了解。本研究量化了三种优势红树林（avicennia marina、Bruguiera gymnorhiza和Rhizophora stylosa）的凋落物动态，比较了新鲜和干燥器官水平的物候特征，并确定了物种和器官特异性凋落物模式的气候驱动因素。2023-2024年对亚热带成熟林分的凋落物进行了分月监测，并将凋落物分为叶、花、繁殖体和枝。在不同的物种中，每年的新鲜凋落物从A. marina的1675.39 g m⁻²·到B. gymnorhiza的2998.74 g m⁻²·不等，其中叶子贡献了总生物量的60%以上。金毛草和柱头草的凋落物产量始终高于金毛草。不同种间差异显著：木犀草的季节性最强，年中产量高峰明显，而茎柱草全年产量相对稳定。不同物种的叶、花凋落物表现出不同步的季节特征，而繁殖体和枝凋落物表现出明显交错的繁殖周期和结构周转周期。为了研究气候效应，我们采用了贝叶斯广义加性混合模型（GAMMs），该模型捕捉了非线性气候-凋落物关系，并解释了物种和器官之间的等级差异。这些模型揭示了气候敏感性的明显功能分化。温度对叶和花凋落物有积极影响，特别是在28°C以上。降水表现出单峰效应，最大风速对花凋落量和繁殖体凋落量的促进作用最大，尤以金针花和柱头草为明显。相对湿度的影响一般较小。叶凋落物对气候的响应最强烈，枝凋落物对气候的响应最不敏感。总的来说，本研究突出了共存红树林物种之间的物候节律和气候敏感性的对比，并为支持亚热带沿海生态系统的红树林恢复、碳核算和气候适应提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Thinning improves timber yield and structure in Pinus Massoniana plantations: a 35-year experiment 间伐改善马尾松人工林木材产量和结构：一项35年试验

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101119

Honghui Chen , Zongzheng Chai , Ning An , Guijie Ding

Thinning is a widely applied silvicultural practice in plantation forests, but its long-term effects on timber yield, quality, and stand development remain poorly documented, especially in subtropical conifer systems. A 35-year field experiment was conducted in Pinus massoniana plantations in southern China to evaluate how thinning regimes influence tree growth and timber structure over time. Seven treatments were applied, including early and delayed thinning at varying intensities, alongside an unthinned control. Growth and yield were assessed through repeated measurements of individual tree size, stand density, and timber volume across size classes. Results showed that thinning significantly improved individual tree diameter and volume compared to controls. Early-Intensive (i.e., early intensive thinning) and Early-Moderate & Late-Light (i.e., early moderate thinning followed by late light thinning) treatments consistently outperformed others, especially in promoting large-diameter timber, a high-value category in regional markets. A composite index integrating total stand volume, merchantable timber output, and large-diameter recovery confirmed these treatments as optimal. These findings provide long-term empirical evidence that appropriate thinning strategies can enhance both timber yield and quality in P. massoniana plantations. The results serve as a practical reference for forest managers seeking to improve stand structure and economic return, and underscore the importance of tailoring thinning intensity and timing to long-term silvicultural objectives.

间伐是人工林中广泛应用的造林实践，但其对木材产量、质量和林分发展的长期影响文献很少，特别是在亚热带针叶林系统中。在中国南方马尾松人工林进行了一项为期35年的田间试验，以评估间伐制度对树木生长和木材结构的影响。采用了七种处理方法，包括不同强度的早期和延迟减薄，以及未减薄的对照。生长和产量通过重复测量单株树的大小、林分密度和不同大小等级的材积来评估。结果表明，与对照相比，间伐显著提高了单株树径和体积。早期密集（即早期密集间伐）和早期中度和后期光照（即早期中度间伐，随后是后期光照间伐）处理一直优于其他处理，特别是在促进大直径木材方面，这是区域市场上的高价值类别。综合林分总量、商品木材产量和大直径采收率的综合指数证实了这些处理是最佳的。这些研究结果为适当的间伐策略可以提高马尾松人工林的木材产量和质量提供了长期的经验证据。研究结果为寻求改善林分结构和经济回报的森林管理者提供了实际参考，并强调了根据长期造林目标调整间伐强度和时间的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating geo-spatial analysis and gray relational approach for wildfire susceptibility mapping in Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia 整合地理空间分析和灰色关联方法的埃塞俄比亚贝尔山国家公园野火易感性制图

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101159

Desta Jula Bekalo , Amanuel Kumsa Bojer , Taye Girma Debelee , Worku Gachena Negera , Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi , Kena Wendimu Gebissa , Almaz Deche

Wildfires have a significant impact on communities, wildlife ecosystems, air quality, the environment, the economy, and human health. Managing wildfires is essential in Ethiopia's national parks. Understanding the factors contributing to wildfires enables preventive action, especially in ecologically sensitive areas such as the Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP). This study primarily focused on predicting wildfire hotspots and analyzing the influencing factors using geospatial data aided by the gray relational analysis (GRA) technique. Seven parameters were identified: elevation, slope, land surface temperature (LST), vegetation type, natural difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance to roads, and settlement. The study indicated that the main driver of wildfires is land cover, with shrubland and grassland being particularly vulnerable vegetation types. The most important factors affecting this were identified as vegetation type, elevation, and NDVI, accounting for 20. 8%, 18. 2%, and 16.1%, respectively. Most wildfire hotspots were distributed in areas with higher elevations and steep slopes. In BMNP, the vulnerability to wildfire was low in 936.61 km² (39.77%), moderate in 1411.37 km² (59.93%), and high in 7.02 km² (0.3%) of the park. Fire intensity decreased as it moved farther away from highways and human settlements, and its concentration decreased as it moved farther away from the hubs of human activity. An integrated strategic plan to control forest fires, which appears to be lacking nationwide, is urgently needed, as uncontrolled forest fires could destroy the region's ecology.

野火对社区、野生动物生态系统、空气质量、环境、经济和人类健康产生重大影响。管理野火对埃塞俄比亚的国家公园至关重要。了解导致野火的因素有助于采取预防措施，特别是在贝尔山国家公园（BMNP）等生态敏感地区。本研究主要利用地理空间数据，结合灰色关联分析（GRA）技术进行野火热点预测和影响因素分析。确定了7个参数：高程、坡度、地表温度（LST）、植被类型、植被自然差指数（NDVI）、与道路的距离和沉降。研究表明，野火的主要驱动因素是土地覆盖，其中灌木和草地是特别脆弱的植被类型。植被类型、高程和NDVI是影响植被覆盖度的主要因子，占总覆盖度的20%。8%, 18岁。分别为2%和16.1%。野火热点多分布在海拔较高、坡度较大的地区。林火易损性低的面积为936.61 km2(39.77%)，中等的面积为1411.37 km2(59.93%)，高的为7.02 km2（0.3%）。离高速公路和人类住区越远，火的强度就越低，离人类活动中心越远，火的浓度就越低。全国范围内似乎缺乏控制森林火灾的综合战略计划，这是迫切需要的，因为不受控制的森林火灾可能会破坏该地区的生态。

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引用次数: 0

Managing coppice forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina 管理波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的灌木林

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101156

Mehmed Čilaš , Besim Balić , Ćemal Višnjić , Hubert Hasenauer

Coppice forests cover 39 % of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s forest area and represent a major resource for timber production. Using national forest inventory data, we (i) evaluate options for converting coppice stands to high forest, (ii) model their development under alternative silvicultural pathways for the next 50 years, and (iii) quantify the associated carbon-sequestration potential. The simulations for assessing the transformation potential of coppice forests were restricted to productive coppice stands of good quality, which exhibited a strong response to different management options. The results suggest that selective thinning consistently produced the highest merchantable volume increment and carbon sequestration. It also shows that sustainable harvesting can be increased from 1 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (current average cut) to about 5–7 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, while maintaining or even enhancing above-ground carbon stocks. The no-management scenario accumulated the largest standing volume (>500 m³ ha⁻¹) and the highest carbon stocks but showed a decline in volume increment and carbon sequestration.In contrast, active management enhances sequestration, resulting in an additional 0.146 Mt C of carbon uptake when aggregated across the full area suitable for management, relative to the unmanaged scenario.

灌木林占波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那森林面积的39%，是木材生产的主要资源。利用国家森林清查数据，我们(i)评估了将灌木林转化为高林的各种方案，（ii）模拟了未来50年在其他造林途径下的发展，以及（iii）量化了相关的碳固存潜力。评价灌木林转化潜力的模拟仅限于高质量的生产性灌木林，这些灌木林对不同的管理方案表现出强烈的响应。结果表明，选择性间伐始终产生最高的可售体积增量和碳固存。它还表明，可持续的收成可以从1立方米³³（⁻¹年）（目前的平均产量）增加到5-7立方米³（⁻¹年），同时保持甚至增加地上的碳储量。无管理情景累积的林木量最大（500 m³ha - 1），碳储量最高，但体积增量和固碳量下降。相比之下，主动管理增强了固碳，相对于未管理的情况，当整个适合管理的区域聚集在一起时，导致额外的0.146亿吨碳吸收量。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting Carpinus bertulus L trees survival using new machine learning algorithms in the Hyrcanian forests 利用新的机器学习算法预测海卡尼亚森林中柏图树的生存

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101130

Mohammad Zaferani , Taha Hossein Hejazi , Mahmoud Bayat , Mansour Ghorbanpour

The survival of forest ecosystems relies heavily on the health of trees. Therefore, it is essential to utilize data-driven analytical tools for predicting the probability of survival, which can inform forest management decisions. In this research, machine learning classification algorithms were employed to predict the survival of Carpinus betulus trees in the forests of Northern Iran. Several models were trained using long-term data from permanent ground sample plots, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and LightGBM. Key variables in the analysis included the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the basal area of the largest trees (BAL). The results demonstrated that the LightGBM model achieved the highest performance with respect to the balanced-accuracy measure. These findings provide valuable insights for developing effective forest conservation and management strategies. The study highlights the capability of machine learning algorithms to accurately predict tree survival, thereby contributing to improved forest management and conservation efforts in dynamic ecosystems.

森林生态系统的生存在很大程度上依赖于树木的健康。因此，必须利用数据驱动的分析工具来预测生存概率，这可以为森林管理决策提供信息。在本研究中，采用机器学习分类算法来预测伊朗北部森林中桦树的存活率。使用永久地面样地的长期数据训练了几种模型，包括支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）和LightGBM。分析的关键变量包括胸径（DBH）和最大树的基底面积（BAL）。结果表明，LightGBM模型在平衡精度测量方面取得了最高的性能。这些发现为制定有效的森林保护和管理战略提供了宝贵的见解。该研究强调了机器学习算法准确预测树木存活的能力，从而有助于改善动态生态系统中的森林管理和保护工作。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial distribution and ecological dominance of psidium guajava in the agricultural landscapes of Homa Bay County, Kenya 番石榴在肯尼亚霍马贝县农业景观中的空间分布和生态优势

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101127

S.O. Ojunga , C.J Mullah , C.W. Otulo , M. Mildred , D.O. Wamani

Psidium guajava L. (guava) is widely cultivated in tropical agro-ecosystems but is increasingly invasive in East Africa. Its rapid spread across smallholder landscapes threatens biodiversity and complicates land management, yet empirical evidence on its ecological dominance and distribution in western Kenya remains limited.This study assessed the spatial distribution, dominance, and diversity of P. guajava in smallholder agricultural landscapes of Homa Bay County, and examined related ecological and socio-economic implications. Surveys design were conducted in three guava-dominated locations—West Lambwe, North East Kanyamwa, and South Kanyamwa—using transects and quadrats to inventory woody species on farms and grazing lands. Species richness and diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) were calculated, and site differences tested using ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis statistics. Household data on guava coverage, yields, and management were collected through structured questionnaires. Annual production was estimated from mean area under guava, yield per hectare, and number of producing households. Guava dominated woody plant communities across sites, accounting for 67–86 % of all individuals. North East Kanyamwa showed the highest guava density (85.96 %) and species richness (16 species/ha) but lowest diversity (H′ = 0.724), reflecting severe dominance. West Lambwe recorded the greatest ecological evenness (H′ = 1.147) despite lower richness (10 species/ha). South Kanyamwa displayed intermediate conditions. Estimated annual guava production across the study area was 844.35 tonnes, with South Kanyamwa contributing the largest share (388.65 tonnes). Over 80 % of households reported minimal management, enabling rapid spread. Overall, P. guajava is ecologically dominant in Homa Bay, reducing woody species diversity and homogenizing vegetation. Although important for household fruit supply, its invasive nature poses long-term risks to agro-biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. Integrated management approaches are urgently needed, alongside further research on ecological trends and farmer decision-making.

番石榴（Psidium guajava L.）在热带农业生态系统中广泛种植，但对东非的入侵日益严重。它在小农景观中的迅速蔓延威胁着生物多样性，并使土地管理复杂化，然而关于它在肯尼亚西部的生态优势和分布的经验证据仍然有限。本研究评估了瓜爪哇在霍马湾县小农农业景观中的空间分布、优势度和多样性，并分析了相关的生态和社会经济影响。调查设计在三个以番番花为主的地点进行，分别是西兰姆韦、东北肯亚姆瓦和南肯亚姆瓦，使用样带和样方对农场和牧场的木本物种进行调查。计算物种丰富度和多样性（Shannon指数和Simpson指数），并利用方差分析和Kruskal-Wallis统计量检验样地差异。通过结构化问卷收集番石榴覆盖率、产量和管理方面的家庭数据。年产量是根据番石榴种植面积、每公顷产量和生产家庭数估算的。各样地木本植物群落以番石榴居多，占总个体数的67 ~ 86%。Kanyamwa东北部番石榴密度最高（85.96%），物种丰富度最高（16种/ha），多样性最低（H′= 0.724），优势度较高。在丰富度较低（10种/ha）的情况下，西兰姆韦的生态均匀度最高（H′= 1.147）。南肯亚姆瓦表现出中等条件。整个研究区域的番石榴年产量估计为844.35吨，其中南肯亚姆瓦贡献了最大的份额（388.65吨）。超过80%的家庭报告管理最少，从而使传播迅速。总体而言，瓜哇木在霍马湾具有生态优势，降低了木本物种多样性，使植被均一化。尽管对家庭水果供应很重要，但其入侵性对农业生物多样性和生态系统恢复能力构成了长期风险。迫切需要综合管理方法，同时进一步研究生态趋势和农民决策。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating non-timber forest product dependence of peri-urban households in a payment for ecosystem service scheme in durban, South Africa 评价南非德班生态系统服务付费方案中城郊家庭对非木材林产品的依赖

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101128

Karabo Donald Munonde , Edilegnaw Wale Zegeye

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are important for livelihoods. NTFP dependence can lead to deforestation and exacerbate land degradation. Therefore, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes, such as the Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation project, initiated as part of landfil restoration and climate change mitigation, become important tools for encouraging communities to adopt land-use practices that improve forest ecosystem services while safeguarding their livelihoods. Most studies have focused on NTFP dependence in a rural context, while few have examined the peri‑urban setting in South Africa. Even fewer studies have captured NTFP dependence through actual household subsistence behaviour with NTFPs, rather than using income data, particularly how psychological and social capital constructs and worldviews shape NTFP dependence. Hence, this study investigates how socio-economic, cultural worldviews, and psychological and social capital affect NTFP dependence of peri‑urban households in Durban, South Africa. Regression estimates indicate that NTFP dependence increases with the presence of more adults, a better agricultural endowment, access to electricity, and strong social networks. Meanwhile, well-endowed, fatalistic, and egalitarian households are less dependent on NTFPs. Larger households need to be supported in diversifying their livelihoods by starting home food gardens, cultivating economically viable NTFP crop species that can be linked to markets. It is recommended that technical skills training be offered to reduce livelihood dependence on NTFPs. Future studies can assess NTFP dependence by comparing rural and peri‑urban areas to understand how rapid urbanisation shapes it.

非木材林产品对生计至关重要。对非森林保护植物的依赖可能导致森林砍伐并加剧土地退化。因此，生态系统服务付费（PES）计划，如作为垃圾填埋场恢复和减缓气候变化的一部分而启动的Buffelsdraai垃圾填埋场社区再造林项目，成为鼓励社区采用土地利用做法的重要工具，这些做法既能改善森林生态系统服务，又能保障其生计。大多数研究都集中在农村环境下对非森林食物的依赖，而很少研究南非的城市周边环境。甚至更少的研究是通过实际的家庭生存行为来捕获非NTFP依赖，而不是使用收入数据，特别是心理和社会资本构建以及世界观如何塑造非NTFP依赖。因此，本研究调查了社会经济、文化世界观、心理和社会资本如何影响南非德班城郊家庭对非NTFP的依赖。回归估计表明，随着成年人数量的增加、农业禀赋的改善、电力的获取和强大的社会网络，对非森林食物的依赖会增加。与此同时，禀赋良好、宿命论和平等主义的家庭对非森林保护计划的依赖程度较低。需要通过开办家庭菜园，培育经济上可行的非热带植物保护作物品种，并将其与市场联系起来，支持大户家庭实现生计多样化。建议提供技术技能培训，以减少生计对非森林覆盖食品的依赖。未来的研究可以通过比较农村和城郊地区来评估对非森林食物的依赖，以了解快速城市化如何影响非森林食物的依赖。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of economic growth on forest fragmentation: Evidence from Chinese counties 经济增长对森林破碎化的影响：来自中国县域的证据

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101125

Fangfang Li , Yushan Zhang , Yue Lu , Wenyuan Liang , Lingchao Li

Forest fragmentation threatens forest ecosystems and sustainable development across the globe. While the relationship between economic growth and aggregate forest cover has been extensively studied under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework, the impact of economic development on the spatial configuration of forests – specifically forest fragmentation – remains underexplored. Therefore, the EKC framework was used in this study to investigate the nonlinear relationship and moderating mechanisms between economic growth and forest fragmentation. This study used county-level data in China from 2000 to 2020 as samples and adopted high-resolution remote sensing data and panel threshold regression models. Empirical results showed threefold findings. First, high-income group counties showed a U-shaped EKC relationship for forest fragmentation, while low-income group counties showed an inverted U-shaped EKC relationship. Second, labor migration, energy transition and agricultural intensification positively moderated the impact of economic growth on forest fragmentation. Third, the moderating effects were more significant in low-income group, compared to high-income group. This study provided theoretical explanations and empirical support for the impact of economic growth on forest fragmentation and underlying mechanisms.

森林破碎化威胁着全球的森林生态系统和可持续发展。虽然在环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）框架下对经济增长与总森林覆盖之间的关系进行了广泛的研究，但经济发展对森林空间结构的影响-特别是森林破碎化-仍未得到充分的探讨。因此，本文采用EKC框架研究经济增长与森林破碎化之间的非线性关系及其调节机制。本研究以2000 - 2020年中国县级数据为样本，采用高分辨率遥感数据和面板阈值回归模型。实证结果有三方面的发现。第一，高收入组县域森林破碎化EKC呈u型关系，低收入组县域森林破碎化EKC呈倒u型关系。劳动力迁移、能源转型和农业集约化正向调节经济增长对森林破碎化的影响。第三，与高收入群体相比，低收入群体的调节效应更为显著。本研究为经济增长对森林破碎化的影响及其机制提供了理论解释和实证支持。

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引用次数: 0