Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.011.01.4071
Ijaz Ahmad, Musharaf Ahmad
In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province-Pakistan, bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) has decimated commercial tomato production. Field surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to analyse the effects of the bacterial spot in tomato producing areas of KP, including Swat, Lower Dir, and Mansehra. During the growing seasons, diseased samples were collected from tomato fields, and disease incidence and severity were documented. The pathogen was isolated, purified, and morphologically and biochemically characterised. Most of the morphological and biochemical characteristics such as yellow colonies, were like those of Xanthomonas spp. Further, the pathogen was confirmed using XV1F/XV1R pair of species-specific primers, which amplify the atpD gene sequence solely in Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Out of 30 isolates, 16 isolates were confirmed to be Xcv. In these agro-ecological zones, this was the first report on the presence of Xcv. Furthermore, humidity and temperature were found to impact the incidence and severity of bacterial spot substantially. Most isolates grew at high temperatures and low humidity; however, some prefered high-temperature and low-humidity environments. In conclusion, bacterial spot disease caused by Xcv has now spread throughout all tomato-producing areas of KP province. To avert future plant epidemics, ongoing climate and pest monitoring is required to build an effective disease warning system for producers and other agriculture-related agencies.
{"title":"Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria devastated tomato production of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan","authors":"Ijaz Ahmad, Musharaf Ahmad","doi":"10.33687/phytopath.011.01.4071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.011.01.4071","url":null,"abstract":"In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province-Pakistan, bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) has decimated commercial tomato production. Field surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2018 to analyse the effects of the bacterial spot in tomato producing areas of KP, including Swat, Lower Dir, and Mansehra. During the growing seasons, diseased samples were collected from tomato fields, and disease incidence and severity were documented. The pathogen was isolated, purified, and morphologically and biochemically characterised. Most of the morphological and biochemical characteristics such as yellow colonies, were like those of Xanthomonas spp. Further, the pathogen was confirmed using XV1F/XV1R pair of species-specific primers, which amplify the atpD gene sequence solely in Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Out of 30 isolates, 16 isolates were confirmed to be Xcv. In these agro-ecological zones, this was the first report on the presence of Xcv. Furthermore, humidity and temperature were found to impact the incidence and severity of bacterial spot substantially. Most isolates grew at high temperatures and low humidity; however, some prefered high-temperature and low-humidity environments. In conclusion, bacterial spot disease caused by Xcv has now spread throughout all tomato-producing areas of KP province. To avert future plant epidemics, ongoing climate and pest monitoring is required to build an effective disease warning system for producers and other agriculture-related agencies.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75466208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3998
M. Atiq, S. Adil, N. Rajput, S. T. Sahi, A. Hameed, A. Jabbar, M. Usman, S. Iqbal, H. Tariq, H. Mazhar, M. F. Ullah
Changing climatic conditions have an impact on the commercial harvest and production of Capsicum annuum L. across the world. It is a summer crop that grows best at 21°C (low) to 37 °C (high) temperature. Changes in normal growth, poor shoot and root length, increased antioxidant activity, low sugar content, high proline content, and poor yield were observed in bell pepper at low temperature stress. A research trial was conducted on bell peppers in the Department of Plant Pathology at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Bell peppers were cultivated hydroponically and alpha-tocopherol control (0ppm), 25ppm, 50ppm, and 100ppm were applied in foliar application. At the reproductive period, a low temperature stress of 18 °C day and 15 °C night was used given. After seven days of foliar spray, plants were exposed to cold temperatures during the day and night. After seven days of stress, the plants were harvested and morphological, physiological, and biochemical data were examined. Plant growth, leaf area, number of leaves, buds, and flowers, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, cell membrane permeability, total soluble sugar, total reducing sugar, protein contents, and total free amino acid levels were all reduced when exposed to high temperatures. When the stress of low temperature was applied, there was a rise in proline, phenolic, flavonoid, H2O2, MDA, enzymatic antioxidants SOD, CAT, POD, and in APX. Under temperature stress, foliar application of alpha-tocopherol significantly improved CAT, POD, APX activity, decreased MDA, H2O2, and improved proline content. Exogenously administered alpha-tocopherol was found to be effective in boosting capsicum growth and antioxidant capability under low temperature stress.
{"title":"Role of Exogenous Application of Alpha-Tocopherol in Reducing Low Temperature Stress in Bell Pepper","authors":"M. Atiq, S. Adil, N. Rajput, S. T. Sahi, A. Hameed, A. Jabbar, M. Usman, S. Iqbal, H. Tariq, H. Mazhar, M. F. Ullah","doi":"10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3998","url":null,"abstract":"Changing climatic conditions have an impact on the commercial harvest and production of Capsicum annuum L. across the world. It is a summer crop that grows best at 21°C (low) to 37 °C (high) temperature. Changes in normal growth, poor shoot and root length, increased antioxidant activity, low sugar content, high proline content, and poor yield were observed in bell pepper at low temperature stress. A research trial was conducted on bell peppers in the Department of Plant Pathology at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Bell peppers were cultivated hydroponically and alpha-tocopherol control (0ppm), 25ppm, 50ppm, and 100ppm were applied in foliar application. At the reproductive period, a low temperature stress of 18 °C day and 15 °C night was used given. After seven days of foliar spray, plants were exposed to cold temperatures during the day and night. After seven days of stress, the plants were harvested and morphological, physiological, and biochemical data were examined. Plant growth, leaf area, number of leaves, buds, and flowers, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, cell membrane permeability, total soluble sugar, total reducing sugar, protein contents, and total free amino acid levels were all reduced when exposed to high temperatures. When the stress of low temperature was applied, there was a rise in proline, phenolic, flavonoid, H2O2, MDA, enzymatic antioxidants SOD, CAT, POD, and in APX. Under temperature stress, foliar application of alpha-tocopherol significantly improved CAT, POD, APX activity, decreased MDA, H2O2, and improved proline content. Exogenously administered alpha-tocopherol was found to be effective in boosting capsicum growth and antioxidant capability under low temperature stress.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81023301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3795
A. Rehman, Jahanzaib Sandhu, M. W. Alam, S. Mehboob
Potato common scab (CS), caused by Streptomyces scabiei, and is a major potato disease that causes deep pitted lesions on the surface of the tuber. The market value and quality of tubers with CS are reduced, resulting in significant economic losses to potato growers. Traditional control strategies such as irrigation and reduced soil pH help to reduce CS but are not efficient methods. Celest® 100 FS (Fludioxanil), Emesto® 24% FS (Penflufen) and Bio magic® (Bacillus subtilis) were tested on CS in this study. A disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the efficacy of these products under in vitro conditions at three different concentrations: 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. After 7 days, results showed that Bio Magic was the most effective at reducing the growth of Streptomyces scabiei, followed by Emesto 24 FS and Celest 100 FS at 300 ppm. The maximum inhibition percentage by Bio Magic was 45.05%, followed by Celest 100FS at 38.38% and Emesto 24FS at 31.47%. In greenhouse experiments, Celest 100FS treated potato tubers produced the highest yield of 2250g per pot (10" x 10" inch), followed by Bio Magic at 2000g, Emesto 24FS at 1850g, and the non-treated control at 1300g.The data indicated that Celest 100FS provided the best control of CS in greenhouse trials.
{"title":"A Perspective on Common Scab (Streptomyces scabiei) Disease Management Strategies in Potato Crop","authors":"A. Rehman, Jahanzaib Sandhu, M. W. Alam, S. Mehboob","doi":"10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3795","url":null,"abstract":"Potato common scab (CS), caused by Streptomyces scabiei, and is a major potato disease that causes deep pitted lesions on the surface of the tuber. The market value and quality of tubers with CS are reduced, resulting in significant economic losses to potato growers. Traditional control strategies such as irrigation and reduced soil pH help to reduce CS but are not efficient methods. Celest® 100 FS (Fludioxanil), Emesto® 24% FS (Penflufen) and Bio magic® (Bacillus subtilis) were tested on CS in this study. A disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the efficacy of these products under in vitro conditions at three different concentrations: 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm. After 7 days, results showed that Bio Magic was the most effective at reducing the growth of Streptomyces scabiei, followed by Emesto 24 FS and Celest 100 FS at 300 ppm. The maximum inhibition percentage by Bio Magic was 45.05%, followed by Celest 100FS at 38.38% and Emesto 24FS at 31.47%. In greenhouse experiments, Celest 100FS treated potato tubers produced the highest yield of 2250g per pot (10\" x 10\" inch), followed by Bio Magic at 2000g, Emesto 24FS at 1850g, and the non-treated control at 1300g.The data indicated that Celest 100FS provided the best control of CS in greenhouse trials.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82916904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.011.03.4445
Kamra Mehmood, S. T. Sahi, M. Atiq, M. Shahid
Current Study was designed at the research area of Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the 2017– 2020. Fresh leaves of inoculated and un-inoculated potato varieties highly susceptible (FD 76-36), moderately susceptible (FD 73-110), and resistant (Esmee) / test lines were collected during 2017-18 and 2018-19, at 35, 65 and 95 days after sowing for biochemical analysis. Superoxide dismutase activity, Catalase activity, Per-oxidase activity, Protein and Total phenolics contents were quantified. FD 76-36 exhibited minimum SOD activity (67.733, 45.637, 24.910) %, followed by FD 73-110 (70.303,57.893, 42.513) % and Esmee (84.567, 65.167, 45.873) % after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control . FD 76-36 expressed minimum CAT activity (10.990, 7.473, 3.413) %, followed by Esmee (13.537, 9.630, 8.147) % and FD 73-110 (19.277, 8.147, 6.170) % after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control . FD 76-36 exhibited minimum POD activity (0.2133, 0.2767, 0.3600) %, followed by FD 73-110 (0.2900, 0.5567 , 0.6300)% and Esmee (0.8800, 1.2733 , 1.5433)% after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control. FD 76-36 expressed minimum protein contents (3.097, 2.873, 1.260) %, followed by FD 73-110 (7.907, 5.423, 4.267) % and Esmee (12.163, 8.633, 5.127) % after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control. FD 76-36 expressed minimum TPC (136.31, 115.58, 70.77) %, followed by FD 73-110 (165.85, 136.75, 86.89) % and Esmee (188.42, 158.38, 109.00) % after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control. Experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replications. The experimental data was analyzed using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique and treatment means were compared by least significance difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level.
{"title":"Alteration in Biochemical Responses in Leaves of Potato due to Common Scab Disease","authors":"Kamra Mehmood, S. T. Sahi, M. Atiq, M. Shahid","doi":"10.33687/phytopath.011.03.4445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.011.03.4445","url":null,"abstract":"Current Study was designed at the research area of Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the 2017– 2020. Fresh leaves of inoculated and un-inoculated potato varieties highly susceptible (FD 76-36), moderately susceptible (FD 73-110), and resistant (Esmee) / test lines were collected during 2017-18 and 2018-19, at 35, 65 and 95 days after sowing for biochemical analysis. Superoxide dismutase activity, Catalase activity, Per-oxidase activity, Protein and Total phenolics contents were quantified. FD 76-36 exhibited minimum SOD activity (67.733, 45.637, 24.910) %, followed by FD 73-110 (70.303,57.893, 42.513) % and Esmee (84.567, 65.167, 45.873) % after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control . FD 76-36 expressed minimum CAT activity (10.990, 7.473, 3.413) %, followed by Esmee (13.537, 9.630, 8.147) % and FD 73-110 (19.277, 8.147, 6.170) % after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control . FD 76-36 exhibited minimum POD activity (0.2133, 0.2767, 0.3600) %, followed by FD 73-110 (0.2900, 0.5567 , 0.6300)% and Esmee (0.8800, 1.2733 , 1.5433)% after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control. FD 76-36 expressed minimum protein contents (3.097, 2.873, 1.260) %, followed by FD 73-110 (7.907, 5.423, 4.267) % and Esmee (12.163, 8.633, 5.127) % after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control. FD 76-36 expressed minimum TPC (136.31, 115.58, 70.77) %, followed by FD 73-110 (165.85, 136.75, 86.89) % and Esmee (188.42, 158.38, 109.00) % after 35, 65 and 95 days of inoculation respectively as compared to control. Experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replications. The experimental data was analyzed using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique and treatment means were compared by least significance difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75742611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3899
Girma Ababa, G. Adugna, B. Hundie
Studies of the wheat Zymoseptoria tritici blotch (ZTB) status in different locations, on agronomic practice, and pathogen variability has not yet been studied in Ethiopia. As a result, the goal of this study was to determine ZTB's distribution and intensity, as well as the morphological variability of isolates. In Oromia's central-southeastern region, zones and districts were purposefully chosen, whereas kebeles were determined via a systematic sampling procedure. In a generalized linear model (GLM), the mean comparison of fixed effects was examined using least significant difference (LSD) tests. Colony texture, shapes, and colors were used to identify isolate variability. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between disease intensity and the independent variable, and multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the magnitudes of the association. A total of 108 fields were examined, with the percent occurrence of zones (88.9 to 100%) and districts (77.8 to 100%) recorded. ZTB intensity was not significantly different across districts (p 0.05) while severity was significantly different across zones (p 0.01). Weed infestation (r = 0.78 and r = 0.20) and growth phases (r = 0.72 and r = 0.36) had a positive correlation, although plowing frequency (r = -0.77 and r = -0.43) had a negative correlation with incidence and severity. There are 43 isolates classified into four colors, three textures, and three growth forms. The ZTB epidemics in current research areas are need more consideration and they should be prioritized for integrated management. Our data suggest that weed control, soil tillage, and crop rotation are all effective ways to mitigate the effects of wheat ZTB.
{"title":"Prevalence, Intensity, and Morphological Variability of Wheat Blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) in Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Girma Ababa, G. Adugna, B. Hundie","doi":"10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3899","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the wheat Zymoseptoria tritici blotch (ZTB) status in different locations, on agronomic practice, and pathogen variability has not yet been studied in Ethiopia. As a result, the goal of this study was to determine ZTB's distribution and intensity, as well as the morphological variability of isolates. In Oromia's central-southeastern region, zones and districts were purposefully chosen, whereas kebeles were determined via a systematic sampling procedure. In a generalized linear model (GLM), the mean comparison of fixed effects was examined using least significant difference (LSD) tests. Colony texture, shapes, and colors were used to identify isolate variability. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between disease intensity and the independent variable, and multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the magnitudes of the association. A total of 108 fields were examined, with the percent occurrence of zones (88.9 to 100%) and districts (77.8 to 100%) recorded. ZTB intensity was not significantly different across districts (p 0.05) while severity was significantly different across zones (p 0.01). Weed infestation (r = 0.78 and r = 0.20) and growth phases (r = 0.72 and r = 0.36) had a positive correlation, although plowing frequency (r = -0.77 and r = -0.43) had a negative correlation with incidence and severity. There are 43 isolates classified into four colors, three textures, and three growth forms. The ZTB epidemics in current research areas are need more consideration and they should be prioritized for integrated management. Our data suggest that weed control, soil tillage, and crop rotation are all effective ways to mitigate the effects of wheat ZTB.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76166058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3951
K. Baştaş, Haris Butt, A. Gur
Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is among the most economically important vegetable crops worldwide. Seedborne bacterial pathogens of carrot cause important damages to seed quality and yield of plants. In this study, seedborne bacteria were determined on some carrot seeds sown in Turkey. Seeds of different orange and black color varieties of carrot were collected from Eregli and Kasınhanı districts of Konya province, where the highest carrot production is reported. Subsamples of 10,000 seeds were soaked in 100 ml sterile saline (0.85% NaCl) with 0.02% Tween 20 overnight at 5 °C, YDCA, KB, MKM, MD5A and mTBM media were used for bacterial isolation and bacterial morphological characterization. Biochemical, physiological and molecular methods were used for the identification of the bacterial isolates. Pathogenicity tests of strains were performed on orange color carrots, and pathogenic strains induced a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco plants. The 60 pathogenic and saprophytic bacterial strains were obtained belong to Pseudomonaceae, Bacillaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae families. There were twenty-three seed samples on 5 different orange carrot cultivars Maestro, Bolero, Sireco, Natuna and Romans, and 11 black carrot genotype of traditional cultivar ‘Eregli’. Two pathogenic bacteria were defined as Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae and Pseudomonas viridiflava at different percent infestation ratios (17.39-18.18%) and (9.09-13.04%) on orange and black carrot seed samples. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of P. viridiflava on carrot seeds in Turkey.
{"title":"Seedborne Bacteria of Orange and Black Colour Carrots in Turkey","authors":"K. Baştaş, Haris Butt, A. Gur","doi":"10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3951","url":null,"abstract":"Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is among the most economically important vegetable crops worldwide. Seedborne bacterial pathogens of carrot cause important damages to seed quality and yield of plants. In this study, seedborne bacteria were determined on some carrot seeds sown in Turkey. Seeds of different orange and black color varieties of carrot were collected from Eregli and Kasınhanı districts of Konya province, where the highest carrot production is reported. Subsamples of 10,000 seeds were soaked in 100 ml sterile saline (0.85% NaCl) with 0.02% Tween 20 overnight at 5 °C, YDCA, KB, MKM, MD5A and mTBM media were used for bacterial isolation and bacterial morphological characterization. Biochemical, physiological and molecular methods were used for the identification of the bacterial isolates. Pathogenicity tests of strains were performed on orange color carrots, and pathogenic strains induced a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco plants. The 60 pathogenic and saprophytic bacterial strains were obtained belong to Pseudomonaceae, Bacillaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae families. There were twenty-three seed samples on 5 different orange carrot cultivars Maestro, Bolero, Sireco, Natuna and Romans, and 11 black carrot genotype of traditional cultivar ‘Eregli’. Two pathogenic bacteria were defined as Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae and Pseudomonas viridiflava at different percent infestation ratios (17.39-18.18%) and (9.09-13.04%) on orange and black carrot seed samples. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of P. viridiflava on carrot seeds in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90974235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3442
Zobia Zafar, S. Shah, M. Numan, Ijaz Ahmad, Asad Ali, H. Shah, Z. Iqbal, M. Fahim
Despite Lycopene content in tomato germplasm (both local and exotic) was evaluated against isolates of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), using a locally preferred hybrid i.e., Rio Grande as a control. Promising lines with resistance to ToMV were assessed by total carotenoid and lycopene content in virus-challenged tomato genotypes using spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC. Our data showed that virus infection significantly lessens the total carotenoid and lycopene content in tomato fruit. Lycopene content was significantly reduced in infected tomato compared to healthy, in locally cultivated hybrid Rio Grande. The germplasm GT-47 (CLN-2123-E) showed 60% decrease in lycopene content in infected tomato when in comparison to healthy produce. The virus infection, however, exhibited less deleterious effect on DPPH-based anti-oxidant potential of the ToMV infected tomato genotypes.
{"title":"Infection with Tomato Mosaic Virus Reduces Lycopene Accumulation in Tomato Fruits","authors":"Zobia Zafar, S. Shah, M. Numan, Ijaz Ahmad, Asad Ali, H. Shah, Z. Iqbal, M. Fahim","doi":"10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3442","url":null,"abstract":"Despite Lycopene content in tomato germplasm (both local and exotic) was evaluated against isolates of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), using a locally preferred hybrid i.e., Rio Grande as a control. Promising lines with resistance to ToMV were assessed by total carotenoid and lycopene content in virus-challenged tomato genotypes using spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC. Our data showed that virus infection significantly lessens the total carotenoid and lycopene content in tomato fruit. Lycopene content was significantly reduced in infected tomato compared to healthy, in locally cultivated hybrid Rio Grande. The germplasm GT-47 (CLN-2123-E) showed 60% decrease in lycopene content in infected tomato when in comparison to healthy produce. The virus infection, however, exhibited less deleterious effect on DPPH-based anti-oxidant potential of the ToMV infected tomato genotypes.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89906420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3972
Salman Ahmad, M. Yousaf, Romana Anjum, W. Raza, M. A. Rehman, Y. Ali
Tomato is an essential vegetable in the world due to its nutritional importance. It has vitamin A C and lycopene, which reduce the prostate cancer, and heart and age-related diseases. Tomato wilt disease (TWD) is a potential threat and spreading rapidly in tomato fields in Pakistan. The survey on the disease prevalence of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol)) of tomato was conducted in the major tomato growing areas of Punjab, viz., Hafizabad, Pakpattan, Khushab, Sargodha and Faisalabad districts during the cropping season 2018. Tomato wilt disease incidence was higher in district Sargodha (94%) followed by Faisalabad (92%) and Khushab (65%). Two districts, Pakpattan and Hafizabad showed 86% and 73% incidence, respectively. The survey revealed that tomato disease incidence was prevalent with varying intensities in all surveyed districts of Punjab. Moreover, the variation in disease prevalence of tomato wilt disease in different locations was due to the environmental conditions of that area and the varieties being cultivated.
{"title":"Prevalence of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato in Major Tomato Growing Areas of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Salman Ahmad, M. Yousaf, Romana Anjum, W. Raza, M. A. Rehman, Y. Ali","doi":"10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.03.3972","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato is an essential vegetable in the world due to its nutritional importance. It has vitamin A C and lycopene, which reduce the prostate cancer, and heart and age-related diseases. Tomato wilt disease (TWD) is a potential threat and spreading rapidly in tomato fields in Pakistan. The survey on the disease prevalence of Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol)) of tomato was conducted in the major tomato growing areas of Punjab, viz., Hafizabad, Pakpattan, Khushab, Sargodha and Faisalabad districts during the cropping season 2018. Tomato wilt disease incidence was higher in district Sargodha (94%) followed by Faisalabad (92%) and Khushab (65%). Two districts, Pakpattan and Hafizabad showed 86% and 73% incidence, respectively. The survey revealed that tomato disease incidence was prevalent with varying intensities in all surveyed districts of Punjab. Moreover, the variation in disease prevalence of tomato wilt disease in different locations was due to the environmental conditions of that area and the varieties being cultivated.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74493834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-03DOI: 10.33687/PHYTOPATH.010.02.3629
T. Mohammed, Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael, Bayoush B. Yeshinigus
Diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes lead to reduced productivity of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Ethiopia. Currently, knowledge about severity and geographical distribution of fungal diseases in pepper producing areas is limited. Thus this study was aimed: to map the geographical distribution of economically relevant Capsicum diseases and to identify, document, prioritize, and update the status of fungal infectious diseases across the country. A survey was conducted throughout major pepper agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia for two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019/20. Districts were surveyed based on pepper production at intervals of 4 to 10 kilometers from each sampling zone of major pepper growing areas. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to mark each sampling point using a GPS receiver for altitude and coordinates. Nine major pathogenic fungi were identified in samples collected from different pepper-producing areas across the country. Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora capsici was found prevalent in 39.8% of the 133 fields studied, followed by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici, and Phytophthora collar, root, and fruit rot caused by Phytophthora capsici, prevalent in 21.1% and 15.8% fields, respectively. The maximum overall mean percent severity index (69.5%) was recorded for Fusarium stem and root rot (Fusarium solani) followed by damping-off (56.7%) and Fusarium wilt (55.4%). The current study indicated the importance of fungal diseases, particularly soil-borne diseases. The molecular characterizations, primers development for important pathogens, and genome-wide screening of Capsicum genotypes in Ethiopia required to advance environmentally safe and affordable disease control methods.
{"title":"Assessment and Distribution of Foliar and Soil-Borne Diseases of Capsicum Species in Ethiopia","authors":"T. Mohammed, Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael, Bayoush B. Yeshinigus","doi":"10.33687/PHYTOPATH.010.02.3629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/PHYTOPATH.010.02.3629","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes lead to reduced productivity of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Ethiopia. Currently, knowledge about severity and geographical distribution of fungal diseases in pepper producing areas is limited. Thus this study was aimed: to map the geographical distribution of economically relevant Capsicum diseases and to identify, document, prioritize, and update the status of fungal infectious diseases across the country. A survey was conducted throughout major pepper agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia for two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019/20. Districts were surveyed based on pepper production at intervals of 4 to 10 kilometers from each sampling zone of major pepper growing areas. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to mark each sampling point using a GPS receiver for altitude and coordinates. Nine major pathogenic fungi were identified in samples collected from different pepper-producing areas across the country. Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora capsici was found prevalent in 39.8% of the 133 fields studied, followed by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici, and Phytophthora collar, root, and fruit rot caused by Phytophthora capsici, prevalent in 21.1% and 15.8% fields, respectively. The maximum overall mean percent severity index (69.5%) was recorded for Fusarium stem and root rot (Fusarium solani) followed by damping-off (56.7%) and Fusarium wilt (55.4%). The current study indicated the importance of fungal diseases, particularly soil-borne diseases. The molecular characterizations, primers development for important pathogens, and genome-wide screening of Capsicum genotypes in Ethiopia required to advance environmentally safe and affordable disease control methods.","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89341802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-03DOI: 10.33687/PHYTOPATH.010.02.3781
Nayla Haneef, M. Arif, Muhammad Tariq-Khan
Soil-borne potato viruses are an increasing economic threat to crop yield in the future. Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and their vector association in field infection in North-western region of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir were surveyed in this study. Incidence and distribution of these soil-borne viruses were estimated by field sample collection from Malakand and Hazara divisions of KPK and selected areas of Azad Kashmir. PMTV incidence was 22% in Malakand (highest of 40% in Swat II and Swat V), 24% in Hazara (highest 50% in Galliyat), and 23% from selected areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) (Highest with 40% in Rawalakot and Trarkhal). TRV incidence was 49% in AJK (100% highest field incidence in Khaigala Rawalakot), 53% in Malakand division (80% highest field incidence in Swat II), and 24% in Hazara division (70% highest field incidence in Abbottabad and Mansehra districts). PMTV, TRV vectors are Spongospora subterranea and Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus spp. were found distributed in all surveyed areas. Eighty percent (80%) fields were found infested with S. subterranean, while Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus were found in 64% in Malakand. In Hazara, 84% of surveyed fields were found infested with S. subterranea while 65% were found to be infested with Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus. In AJK S. subterranea was found distributed in 79% of fields. A significant relationship (P value=0.000) between viruses (PMTV and TRV) and their respective vectors were detected in proportionate. The corresponding R2 (0.70 and 0.82) indicates positive relation between viruses and their vectors. Positive Pearson correlation was found among incidence and severity of virus infection (PMTV and TRV) and vectors (S. subterranea; Trichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus), indicating increased disease severity with vector presence and activity. The study will be a tool in vector virus management to economical potato harvest
{"title":"Detection of Major Soil-Borne Viruses and Assessment of Virus-Vector Association in Potato Growing Areas of North-Western Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Azad Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Nayla Haneef, M. Arif, Muhammad Tariq-Khan","doi":"10.33687/PHYTOPATH.010.02.3781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/PHYTOPATH.010.02.3781","url":null,"abstract":"Soil-borne potato viruses are an increasing economic threat to crop yield in the future. Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and their vector association in field infection in North-western region of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir were surveyed in this study. Incidence and distribution of these soil-borne viruses were estimated by field sample collection from Malakand and Hazara divisions of KPK and selected areas of Azad Kashmir. PMTV incidence was 22% in Malakand (highest of 40% in Swat II and Swat V), 24% in Hazara (highest 50% in Galliyat), and 23% from selected areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) (Highest with 40% in Rawalakot and Trarkhal). TRV incidence was 49% in AJK (100% highest field incidence in Khaigala Rawalakot), 53% in Malakand division (80% highest field incidence in Swat II), and 24% in Hazara division (70% highest field incidence in Abbottabad and Mansehra districts). PMTV, TRV vectors are Spongospora subterranea and Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus spp. were found distributed in all surveyed areas. Eighty percent (80%) fields were found infested with S. subterranean, while Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus were found in 64% in Malakand. In Hazara, 84% of surveyed fields were found infested with S. subterranea while 65% were found to be infested with Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus. In AJK S. subterranea was found distributed in 79% of fields. A significant relationship (P value=0.000) between viruses (PMTV and TRV) and their respective vectors were detected in proportionate. The corresponding R2 (0.70 and 0.82) indicates positive relation between viruses and their vectors. Positive Pearson correlation was found among incidence and severity of virus infection (PMTV and TRV) and vectors (S. subterranea; Trichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus), indicating increased disease severity with vector presence and activity. The study will be a tool in vector virus management to economical potato harvest","PeriodicalId":36106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73659210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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