Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the leading cause of hospitalization due to bacterial infection, and the frequency of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from these infections is increasing worldwide. The current study aims to isolate and characterize antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and their antibiogram typing from urine samples of humans. From April to December 2019, a total of 60 human urine samples were collected aseptically and treated to primary isolation by propagation in nutrient broth followed by culture on various agar media. Gram’s staining, string techniques, biochemical characterization, PCR, and Sanger sequencing were performed to confirm E. coli. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to test the susceptibility of all bacterial strains to thirteen typically prescribed antibiotics. The overall prevalence of E. coli in UTIs was 66.67%. Three variations were noted in E. coli, all of which were single substitutions (A>T, C>T, and T>A). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA revealed that the E. coli discovered in this study belonged to the genus Escherichia, but was distinct from those identified in other countries. The antibiograms revealed that all the isolates (100%) were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin; 94.87% to doxycycline; 79.16% to gentamycin; 75.48% to ciprofloxacin; 73.07% to erythromycin; 71.66% to levofloxacin; 47.36% to ceftriaxone; and 46.66% to tetracycline. In contrast, all E. coli strains were sensitive to amikacin (95%), vancomycin (92.50%), and azithromycin (92.50%). People with a urinary tract infection (UTI) often have multidrug-resistant E. coli in their urine samples, which calls for a one-health strategy to deal with this rapidly changing condition.
尿路感染(uti)是细菌感染导致住院的主要原因，从这些感染中分离出的多重耐药大肠杆菌的频率在世界范围内正在增加。目前的研究旨在从人类尿液样本中分离和表征耐抗生素大肠杆菌及其抗生素谱分型。2019年4月至12月，无菌收集60份人尿液样本，通过营养肉汤繁殖进行初级分离，然后在各种琼脂培养基上培养。革兰氏染色、串法、生化鉴定、PCR和Sanger测序证实大肠杆菌。采用Kirby-Bauer圆盘扩散技术检测所有菌株对13种典型处方抗生素的敏感性。尿路感染中大肠杆菌的总感染率为66.67%。在大肠杆菌中发现了三种变异，它们都是单次替换(A >0t, C bb1t和T bb2a)。16S rRNA的系统发育分析表明，本研究中发现的大肠杆菌属于埃希氏菌属，但与其他国家发现的大肠杆菌不同。抗生素谱显示所有分离株(100%)对青霉素、氨苄西林和阿莫西林耐药;强力霉素占94.87%;庆大霉素占79.16%;环丙沙星占75.48%;红霉素占73.07%;左氧氟沙星占71.66%;头孢曲松占47.36%;46.66%是四环素。大肠杆菌对阿米卡星(95%)、万古霉素(92.50%)和阿奇霉素(92.50%)均敏感。尿路感染(UTI)患者的尿液样本中往往含有耐多药大肠杆菌，这就要求采取一种单一健康策略来应对这种迅速变化的疾病。
{"title":"Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from human urine infections with their antibiogram profile","authors":"M. Haque, M. Islam, M. Miah, Sunny Das, S. Sarker","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d116","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the leading cause of hospitalization due to bacterial infection, and the frequency of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from these infections is increasing worldwide. The current study aims to isolate and characterize antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and their antibiogram typing from urine samples of humans. From April to December 2019, a total of 60 human urine samples were collected aseptically and treated to primary isolation by propagation in nutrient broth followed by culture on various agar media. Gram’s staining, string techniques, biochemical characterization, PCR, and Sanger sequencing were performed to confirm E. coli. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to test the susceptibility of all bacterial strains to thirteen typically prescribed antibiotics. The overall prevalence of E. coli in UTIs was 66.67%. Three variations were noted in E. coli, all of which were single substitutions (A>T, C>T, and T>A). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA revealed that the E. coli discovered in this study belonged to the genus Escherichia, but was distinct from those identified in other countries. The antibiograms revealed that all the isolates (100%) were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin; 94.87% to doxycycline; 79.16% to gentamycin; 75.48% to ciprofloxacin; 73.07% to erythromycin; 71.66% to levofloxacin; 47.36% to ceftriaxone; and 46.66% to tetracycline. In contrast, all E. coli strains were sensitive to amikacin (95%), vancomycin (92.50%), and azithromycin (92.50%). People with a urinary tract infection (UTI) often have multidrug-resistant E. coli in their urine samples, which calls for a one-health strategy to deal with this rapidly changing condition.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The food consumers and stakeholders of Bangladesh have limited knowledge and perception over genetically modified (GM) foods. As no studies have been done regarding this among the Bangladeshi educated people on a large scale, hence this study aims to determine the level of knowledge and attitude regarding GM foods; and to explore the related factors as well. A cross-sectional survey was done with a close-ended questionnaire in the four largest divisions of Bangladesh where respondents were above 18 years of age and completed at least higher secondary level education. It was observed that among the total 614 respondents, 24.8% had no acquaintance with GM food. Of the remaining 462 respondents, 41.8% had better knowledge and 30.7% had positive attitude. The level of knowledge significantly varied with respondents’ gender, occupation, monthly income, educational status, and discipline studied where male, pharmaceutical workers, respondents with monthly income of 50001-100000 BDT, science studied respondents had significantly better knowledge than their counterparts. Similarly, respondents’ attitude on GMOs significantly differed with gender, occupation, monthly income and education in which positive attitude were shown by respondents with better knowledge. Finally, logistic regression analysis showed that female and business studied respondents had significantly less likely to have better knowledge and positive attitude than reference group, while respondents with monthly income between 50001-100000 BDT had more likely to have better knowledge and positive attitude, and NGO workers had more likely to have positive attitude than references. Thus, this study will help the policymakers of Bangladesh to perceive the current scenario of public demands on GM foods.
{"title":"Knowledge and attitude towards genetically modified foods: A quantitative cross-sectional study among the educated subjects in the four largest divisions of Bangladesh","authors":"Anindya Das, A. Sumit","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d118","url":null,"abstract":"The food consumers and stakeholders of Bangladesh have limited knowledge and perception over genetically modified (GM) foods. As no studies have been done regarding this among the Bangladeshi educated people on a large scale, hence this study aims to determine the level of knowledge and attitude regarding GM foods; and to explore the related factors as well. A cross-sectional survey was done with a close-ended questionnaire in the four largest divisions of Bangladesh where respondents were above 18 years of age and completed at least higher secondary level education. It was observed that among the total 614 respondents, 24.8% had no acquaintance with GM food. Of the remaining 462 respondents, 41.8% had better knowledge and 30.7% had positive attitude. The level of knowledge significantly varied with respondents’ gender, occupation, monthly income, educational status, and discipline studied where male, pharmaceutical workers, respondents with monthly income of 50001-100000 BDT, science studied respondents had significantly better knowledge than their counterparts. Similarly, respondents’ attitude on GMOs significantly differed with gender, occupation, monthly income and education in which positive attitude were shown by respondents with better knowledge. Finally, logistic regression analysis showed that female and business studied respondents had significantly less likely to have better knowledge and positive attitude than reference group, while respondents with monthly income between 50001-100000 BDT had more likely to have better knowledge and positive attitude, and NGO workers had more likely to have positive attitude than references. Thus, this study will help the policymakers of Bangladesh to perceive the current scenario of public demands on GM foods.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Adiansyah, Endang Mahati, F. Mundhofir, Nani Maharani, Y. Nindita, H. Istiadi
Atherosclerosis is caused by an inflammatory process in the endothelium due to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents that often occurs in Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Antioxidants that function to neutralize superoxide can be used to prevent atherosclerosis in DM. Piper crocatum leaves shows an unknown antioxidant effect on the atherosclerosis process.The aim of this study is to determine the effect Piper crocatum leaves extract on blood MDA levels and the severity of atherosclerosis in diabetic rats. 30 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely, HC (nondiabetic), NC (diabetic-no therapy), PC (metformin 45 mg/kg), PC200, PC300, PC400 (Piper crocatum leaves extract 200/300/ 400 mg/kg/day). Termination, blood sampling, and histopathological analysis were performed after 14 days of treatment. MDA was measured using the TBARS method, and read on a 532 nm wavelength UV-vis spectrophotometer. The severity of atherosclerosis of the rat carotid artery was observed from tissue stained with Haematoxylin Eosin staining at 400x microscope magnification. The mean blood MDA levels in the PC200, PC300, PC400 groups were 1.24 ± 0.26, 0.85 ± 0.35, 0.10 and ± 0.02, respectively, and a decrease in MDA levels was found in the PC200, PC300, and PC400 compared to group NC. The study showed a decrease in the severity of atherosclerosis in groups PC200, PC300, PC400 compared to groups NC. Piper crocatum leaves extract had an effect on decreasing MDA levels and severity of atherosclerosis in diabetic rats.
{"title":"Effect of piper Crocatum leaves extract on atherosclerosis in diabetic rats","authors":"Muhammad Adiansyah, Endang Mahati, F. Mundhofir, Nani Maharani, Y. Nindita, H. Istiadi","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d123","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis is caused by an inflammatory process in the endothelium due to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents that often occurs in Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Antioxidants that function to neutralize superoxide can be used to prevent atherosclerosis in DM. Piper crocatum leaves shows an unknown antioxidant effect on the atherosclerosis process.The aim of this study is to determine the effect Piper crocatum leaves extract on blood MDA levels and the severity of atherosclerosis in diabetic rats. 30 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely, HC (nondiabetic), NC (diabetic-no therapy), PC (metformin 45 mg/kg), PC200, PC300, PC400 (Piper crocatum leaves extract 200/300/ 400 mg/kg/day). Termination, blood sampling, and histopathological analysis were performed after 14 days of treatment. MDA was measured using the TBARS method, and read on a 532 nm wavelength UV-vis spectrophotometer. The severity of atherosclerosis of the rat carotid artery was observed from tissue stained with Haematoxylin Eosin staining at 400x microscope magnification. The mean blood MDA levels in the PC200, PC300, PC400 groups were 1.24 ± 0.26, 0.85 ± 0.35, 0.10 and ± 0.02, respectively, and a decrease in MDA levels was found in the PC200, PC300, and PC400 compared to group NC. The study showed a decrease in the severity of atherosclerosis in groups PC200, PC300, PC400 compared to groups NC. Piper crocatum leaves extract had an effect on decreasing MDA levels and severity of atherosclerosis in diabetic rats.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes in liver enzymes and bilirubin in patients with thalassemia depend on genetic changes and the association of other genetic determinants. Iron overload is associated with increased morbidity in both transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. The main objective was to evaluate hepatic enzymes, bilirubin and plasma proteins in βTM patients and also to study the correlations of these parameters with serum hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in βTM patients. To achieve this goal, the study was directed on two groups, the first is case group includes 39 patients with βTM and the second control group includes 34 subject. Serum ALT, AST, total bilirubin, albumin and total protein concentrations were measured by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, while the concentration of serum ferritin was measured by ELISA Kit. Our results showed that there are highly significant differences between beta thalassemia major and ferritin at mean (2942.71) , furthermore there are highly significant differences between beta thalassemia major and liver enzymes at (71.98) for AST , (69.42) for ALT, (6.98) for Total protein, (3.92) for Albumin and (2.32) for Total bilirubin. In addition our findings showed there are Correlations between serum ferritin concentrations and liver function testes in βTM patients, where there are highly significant differences between beta thalassemia major and Alanine transaminase at mean (r = 0.44), while the Correlation between serum hemoglobin concentration and liver function testes showed highly significant differences between beta thalassemia major and aspartate aminotransferase at mean (r = 0.52). The study concluded that the increase in serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and total bilirubin concentrations in patients with βTM are indicator to liver dysfunction that is correlated to iron overload.
{"title":"Association of the changes in hepatic enzymes, bilirubin, and plasma proteins with beta-thalassemia in iron over loaded-patients","authors":"Ghufran Hussain, Maytham Abdullah, Nibras Hussein","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d138","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in liver enzymes and bilirubin in patients with thalassemia depend on genetic changes and the association of other genetic determinants. Iron overload is associated with increased morbidity in both transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. The main objective was to evaluate hepatic enzymes, bilirubin and plasma proteins in βTM patients and also to study the correlations of these parameters with serum hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in βTM patients. To achieve this goal, the study was directed on two groups, the first is case group includes 39 patients with βTM and the second control group includes 34 subject. Serum ALT, AST, total bilirubin, albumin and total protein concentrations were measured by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, while the concentration of serum ferritin was measured by ELISA Kit. Our results showed that there are highly significant differences between beta thalassemia major and ferritin at mean (2942.71) , furthermore there are highly significant differences between beta thalassemia major and liver enzymes at (71.98) for AST , (69.42) for ALT, (6.98) for Total protein, (3.92) for Albumin and (2.32) for Total bilirubin. In addition our findings showed there are Correlations between serum ferritin concentrations and liver function testes in βTM patients, where there are highly significant differences between beta thalassemia major and Alanine transaminase at mean (r = 0.44), while the Correlation between serum hemoglobin concentration and liver function testes showed highly significant differences between beta thalassemia major and aspartate aminotransferase at mean (r = 0.52). The study concluded that the increase in serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and total bilirubin concentrations in patients with βTM are indicator to liver dysfunction that is correlated to iron overload.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samayeta Tuli, Saadlee Shehreen, Abira Khan, S. Akhteruzzaman, A. Sajib
The rise in popularity of non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) among obese and diabetic patients is due to their ability to provide a sweet taste without any caloric input. However, NCS consumption may be linked to metabolic disorders. The mechanisms behind these adverse effects are still unclear, which suggests that NCS may alter the metabolic activity of the gut microbiome, leading to enteric environmental perturbation and resulting in physiological anomalies in the host. This study investigates how Escherichia coli, a common gut microbe, reacts to three NCS, two of which come from nature (glycyrrhizin and stevioside) and one that is made artificially (sucralose). To assess the impact of these NCS, this study investigated the growth, gene expression, and metabolic pathways of E. coli under different sweetener loads. Compared to the untreated control, low amounts of glycyrrhizin made E. coli grow faster, while similar amounts of sucralose and stevioside had no or a less noticeable effect. At higher concentrations, these sweeteners slowed down or inhibited the growth of the bacteria. Thus, NCS may have dose-dependent impacts on gut microbes. After treatment with amounts that corresponded to the acceptable daily intake, the expression of key metabolic genes showed altered expression, which may potentially affect their metabolism. At different concentrations of the NCS, there were clear differences in the global metabolomic profile between the control and the different NCS treatments. Under in vitro conditions, glycyrrhizin and sucralose appeared to have a less divergent impact on E. coli growth, gene expression, and metabolism, which may suggest that these are relatively safer sugar substitutes for humans.
{"title":"Effects of glycyrrhizin, stevioside, and sucralose on the growth and metabolism of the omnipresent gut commensal Escherichia coli","authors":"Samayeta Tuli, Saadlee Shehreen, Abira Khan, S. Akhteruzzaman, A. Sajib","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d157","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in popularity of non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) among obese and diabetic patients is due to their ability to provide a sweet taste without any caloric input. However, NCS consumption may be linked to metabolic disorders. The mechanisms behind these adverse effects are still unclear, which suggests that NCS may alter the metabolic activity of the gut microbiome, leading to enteric environmental perturbation and resulting in physiological anomalies in the host. This study investigates how Escherichia coli, a common gut microbe, reacts to three NCS, two of which come from nature (glycyrrhizin and stevioside) and one that is made artificially (sucralose). To assess the impact of these NCS, this study investigated the growth, gene expression, and metabolic pathways of E. coli under different sweetener loads. Compared to the untreated control, low amounts of glycyrrhizin made E. coli grow faster, while similar amounts of sucralose and stevioside had no or a less noticeable effect. At higher concentrations, these sweeteners slowed down or inhibited the growth of the bacteria. Thus, NCS may have dose-dependent impacts on gut microbes. After treatment with amounts that corresponded to the acceptable daily intake, the expression of key metabolic genes showed altered expression, which may potentially affect their metabolism. At different concentrations of the NCS, there were clear differences in the global metabolomic profile between the control and the different NCS treatments. Under in vitro conditions, glycyrrhizin and sucralose appeared to have a less divergent impact on E. coli growth, gene expression, and metabolism, which may suggest that these are relatively safer sugar substitutes for humans.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: The high mobility group A1 gene (HMGA1) rs139876191 variant has been related to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, but data are lacking in Middle Eastern populations. The study aimed to assess whether the HMGA1 rs139876191 variant is associated with metabolic syndrome risk and whether this variant predicts the risk of insulin resistance. This case-control study was carried out at single center in Kirkuk city/ Iraq from February to August 2022. Polymorphisms in HMGA1 and genotyping were identified by Sanger sequencing of genomic DNA obtained from 91 Iraqi participants (61 patients with metabolic syndrome and 30 control). Lipid profile, serum (glucose and insulin), glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were also measured. The high prevalence of the del/del genotype of rs139876191 was found. Minor allele frequency of rs139876191 was (0.16) in both metabolic syndrome and the control group. A non-significant difference in genotyping was identified between total metabolic syndrome and the control group. The del/ins variant was associated with significantly higher waist circumference, triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein(LDL), very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL), and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) (P=0.03, 0.041, 0.007, 0.034, and 0.001 respectively), and with significantly lower high-density lipoprotein(HDL) (p=0.000). Linear regression analysis showed no significant effect of the variant (del/ins) on developing insulin resistance. Thus, rs139876191 polymorphism with del/ins genotype in the HMGA1 gene was not associated with metabolic syndrome risk but it was associated with indices of metabolic syndrome including waist circumference, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and HbA1c. Besides, this variant did not predict the risk of insulin resistance.
{"title":"Influence of the High Mobility Group A1 genetic polymorphism on indices of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in the Iraqi population: Case-control study","authors":"Mirna Faiq, E. Saleh, O. Fathalla","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d129","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The high mobility group A1 gene (HMGA1) rs139876191 variant has been related to metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, but data are lacking in Middle Eastern populations. The study aimed to assess whether the HMGA1 rs139876191 variant is associated with metabolic syndrome risk and whether this variant predicts the risk of insulin resistance. This case-control study was carried out at single center in Kirkuk city/ Iraq from February to August 2022. Polymorphisms in HMGA1 and genotyping were identified by Sanger sequencing of genomic DNA obtained from 91 Iraqi participants (61 patients with metabolic syndrome and 30 control). Lipid profile, serum (glucose and insulin), glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were also measured. The high prevalence of the del/del genotype of rs139876191 was found. Minor allele frequency of rs139876191 was (0.16) in both metabolic syndrome and the control group. A non-significant difference in genotyping was identified between total metabolic syndrome and the control group. The del/ins variant was associated with significantly higher waist circumference, triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein(LDL), very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL), and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) (P=0.03, 0.041, 0.007, 0.034, and 0.001 respectively), and with significantly lower high-density lipoprotein(HDL) (p=0.000). Linear regression analysis showed no significant effect of the variant (del/ins) on developing insulin resistance. Thus, rs139876191 polymorphism with del/ins genotype in the HMGA1 gene was not associated with metabolic syndrome risk but it was associated with indices of metabolic syndrome including waist circumference, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and HbA1c. Besides, this variant did not predict the risk of insulin resistance.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nishat Akther, Farjana Hira, A. Khatun, Shawon Md, S. Abdullah, Esrat Shorna, Ashekul Islam, K. Islam, N. Hossain
Background: Antimicrobial resistance has become an alarming issue all over the world. Moreover, in the developing countries as well as in Bangladesh facing this badly due to lack of study. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent among the bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections affect >30% of people around the world. Worldwide, about 150 million people experience urinary tract infections each year. Antimicrobial treatment is often prescribed ‘empirically’ without antibiotic susceptibility testing to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). Aims: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is worsening, probably because of the increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and empirical treatment. This study aims to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria from suspected UTIs in Bangladeshi patients. Methods: In our study, about 200 samples of positive UTIs patients were analyzed with several parameters to see the antibiotic resistance rate. Result: After examining the patient’s sample of UTIs antibiotic resistance rate is alarming and the most causative bacteria is Escherichia coli which is about 61.8%. Among the 200 urine sample suspected UTI patients 66% and 30% are female and male, respectively. Conclusions: Empirical therapy should be guided to control the antibiotic resistance. Especially, developing country should accept the challenge with proper infrastructure to get the surveillance of resistance, as resistance varies from region to region. Appropriate antibiotics should be focused for the rational use of antibiotics to prevent antibiotics resistance through common infections.
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance pattern in the bacterial strains of urinary tract infection in Tangail city, Bangladesh","authors":"Nishat Akther, Farjana Hira, A. Khatun, Shawon Md, S. Abdullah, Esrat Shorna, Ashekul Islam, K. Islam, N. Hossain","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d137","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance has become an alarming issue all over the world. Moreover, in the developing countries as well as in Bangladesh facing this badly due to lack of study. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent among the bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections affect >30% of people around the world. Worldwide, about 150 million people experience urinary tract infections each year. Antimicrobial treatment is often prescribed ‘empirically’ without antibiotic susceptibility testing to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). Aims: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is worsening, probably because of the increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and empirical treatment. This study aims to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria from suspected UTIs in Bangladeshi patients. Methods: In our study, about 200 samples of positive UTIs patients were analyzed with several parameters to see the antibiotic resistance rate. Result: After examining the patient’s sample of UTIs antibiotic resistance rate is alarming and the most causative bacteria is Escherichia coli which is about 61.8%. Among the 200 urine sample suspected UTI patients 66% and 30% are female and male, respectively. Conclusions: Empirical therapy should be guided to control the antibiotic resistance. Especially, developing country should accept the challenge with proper infrastructure to get the surveillance of resistance, as resistance varies from region to region. Appropriate antibiotics should be focused for the rational use of antibiotics to prevent antibiotics resistance through common infections.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Excision repair cross-complementing group 2 gene (ERCC2) polymorphisms have been linked as being a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) emergence. However, data from several studies are contradictory. To validate genetic biomarkers of the CRC; the impact of the following ERCC2 polymorphism (rs1799793 and rs238406) was examined on CRC susceptibility among sample of Iraqi population. Methods: A total of 126 subjects were enrolled in this case control study; 78 CRC patients and 48 apparently healthy individuals who are age, gender, smoking status and BMI matched. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping, followed by sequencing then the association between genetic polymorphisms and CRC risk was investigated. Results: No associations were detected between ERCC2 genotypes or haplotypes and CRC susceptibility. Even though there was strong linkage disequilibrium (D′= 0.82). After stratification according to participants’ demographics, no effects were observed for age, gender, smoking status and BMI. Conclusions: Taken together the following results suggest that ERCC2 polymorphisms do not influence CRC development.
{"title":"No evidence of relationship between colorectal cancer susceptibility and ERCC2 gene polymorphisms","authors":"R. Farhad, E. Saleh, A. Alsammarraie","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d155","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Excision repair cross-complementing group 2 gene (ERCC2) polymorphisms have been linked as being a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) emergence. However, data from several studies are contradictory. To validate genetic biomarkers of the CRC; the impact of the following ERCC2 polymorphism (rs1799793 and rs238406) was examined on CRC susceptibility among sample of Iraqi population. Methods: A total of 126 subjects were enrolled in this case control study; 78 CRC patients and 48 apparently healthy individuals who are age, gender, smoking status and BMI matched. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping, followed by sequencing then the association between genetic polymorphisms and CRC risk was investigated. Results: No associations were detected between ERCC2 genotypes or haplotypes and CRC susceptibility. Even though there was strong linkage disequilibrium (D′= 0.82). After stratification according to participants’ demographics, no effects were observed for age, gender, smoking status and BMI. Conclusions: Taken together the following results suggest that ERCC2 polymorphisms do not influence CRC development.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ali, R. Reshad, M. Aunkor, Gokul Biswas, A. Mahmud, M. Miah
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health concern globally, with the threat of a post-antibiotic era, where common infections can become fatal, a very plausible reality. Despite ongoing efforts to control AMR, both mortality and expenses have increased. To combat this threat, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms and the driver behind this issue needs to be known. The key mechanisms of resistance are modification or destruction of antimicrobials, reduction of access to the target, and alteration of the target. These mechanisms may be present in the microorganisms naturally or may have been acquired from other microorganisms. As AMR jeopardizes the successful prevention and treatment of many infectious diseases, this article looks at the causes of AMR, along with the possible mechanisms of resistance development, and suggested control strategies to deal with the problem conclusively.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Understanding the Mechanism and Strategies for Prevention and Control","authors":"M. Ali, R. Reshad, M. Aunkor, Gokul Biswas, A. Mahmud, M. Miah","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d142","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health concern globally, with the threat of a post-antibiotic era, where common infections can become fatal, a very plausible reality. Despite ongoing efforts to control AMR, both mortality and expenses have increased. To combat this threat, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms and the driver behind this issue needs to be known. The key mechanisms of resistance are modification or destruction of antimicrobials, reduction of access to the target, and alteration of the target. These mechanisms may be present in the microorganisms naturally or may have been acquired from other microorganisms. As AMR jeopardizes the successful prevention and treatment of many infectious diseases, this article looks at the causes of AMR, along with the possible mechanisms of resistance development, and suggested control strategies to deal with the problem conclusively.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azeez Saleh, Narges Dastmalchi, Parisa Banamolaei, R. Safaralizadeh
Male infertility can occur due to spermatogenesis defects. The most common causes of male infertility are azoospermia and oligospermia, which have several underlying factors, one of which is genetic. This study aimed to investigate the association of azoospermia with the DMRT1 and RBMY1A1 genes polymorphisms and AZFb region microdeletions in Iranian men. Moreover, these genes expression were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 100 Iranian men with azoospermia, oligozoospermia, or severe oligozoospermia and 100 fertile controls were included in this case-control study. A total of 200 subjects were genotyped for DMRT1 rs755383 and RBMY1A1 rs1481942953 polymorphisms using Tetra-ARMS PCR. The presence of two sequence-tagged sites (STS) markers from the Y chromosome AZFb region was also investigated by multiplex PCR. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression in the testis tissue of azoospermia patients. With a P-value of 0.038, rs755383 in the DMRT1 gene was associated with an increased risk of azoospermia. However, no significant difference was found in genotype distribution in the RBMY1A1 (rs1481942953) gene polymorphism. Four patients showed Y chromosome microdeletions with sY127 and sY134 markers in the AZFb region. Infertile males' cDNA analysis revealed low expression levels for DMRT1 and PRY (one of the main genes in the AZFb region) with a p-value<0.0001. In contrast, RBMY1A1 expression level did not differ between patients and control groups with a p-value of 0.112. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to detect genes with biomarker potential. With AUCs of 83% and 77%, DMRT1 and PRY had diagnostic marker potential in azoospermia detection.
{"title":"DMRT1, RBMY, and AZFb genes polymorphism and expression role in azoospermia susceptibility","authors":"Azeez Saleh, Narges Dastmalchi, Parisa Banamolaei, R. Safaralizadeh","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d143","url":null,"abstract":"Male infertility can occur due to spermatogenesis defects. The most common causes of male infertility are azoospermia and oligospermia, which have several underlying factors, one of which is genetic. This study aimed to investigate the association of azoospermia with the DMRT1 and RBMY1A1 genes polymorphisms and AZFb region microdeletions in Iranian men. Moreover, these genes expression were evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 100 Iranian men with azoospermia, oligozoospermia, or severe oligozoospermia and 100 fertile controls were included in this case-control study. A total of 200 subjects were genotyped for DMRT1 rs755383 and RBMY1A1 rs1481942953 polymorphisms using Tetra-ARMS PCR. The presence of two sequence-tagged sites (STS) markers from the Y chromosome AZFb region was also investigated by multiplex PCR. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression in the testis tissue of azoospermia patients. With a P-value of 0.038, rs755383 in the DMRT1 gene was associated with an increased risk of azoospermia. However, no significant difference was found in genotype distribution in the RBMY1A1 (rs1481942953) gene polymorphism. Four patients showed Y chromosome microdeletions with sY127 and sY134 markers in the AZFb region. Infertile males' cDNA analysis revealed low expression levels for DMRT1 and PRY (one of the main genes in the AZFb region) with a p-value<0.0001. In contrast, RBMY1A1 expression level did not differ between patients and control groups with a p-value of 0.112. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to detect genes with biomarker potential. With AUCs of 83% and 77%, DMRT1 and PRY had diagnostic marker potential in azoospermia detection.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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