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Facing Disaster: Ordinary Fictions, Resilience, and the Demand for Recognition in Eastern DR Congo 面对灾难:刚果民主共和国东部的普通小说、恢复力和对承认的需求
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0258
Maëline Le Lay
Abstract In DR Congo, there is a proliferation of fictions and spoken word texts that addresses aspects of the on-going conflict. Fiction in Congo does not concern itself with the rules of literary orthodoxy (verisimilitude, linguistic correctness, references), nor does it rely on the existence of a literary and editorial system that is structured and operating to guarantee a predetermined readership. Its main objective is to express emotions in an aesthetic way that touches the hearts of readers and spectators. However, the primary motivation for these proliferating literary initiatives is to resonate in the social space of the place from which they originate. In this respect, the productions examined here are ordinary aesthetic creations distilled through the alembic of everyday existence. Beginning with the observation of a profusion of love stories in the literature produced in the Congo during the last quarter-century, I demonstrate how the particular orientation of these contemporary love fictions responds to societal objectives regarding social cohesion and crisis management, particularly the call for resilience. I then analyse how the issues involved in this injunction are related to care , which is presented as the only possible, acceptable, and even desirable path in this context of violence.
在刚果民主共和国,有大量的小说和口语文本处理正在进行的冲突的各个方面。刚果的小说不关心文学正统的规则(真实性、语言正确性、参考文献),也不依赖于一个文学和编辑系统的存在,这个系统的结构和运作保证了预定的读者。它的主要目的是以一种美学的方式表达情感,触动读者和观众的心。然而,这些激增的文学活动的主要动机是在它们起源的地方的社会空间中产生共鸣。在这方面,这里考察的作品是通过日常生活的痛苦提炼出来的普通审美创作。从观察过去四分之一世纪中刚果文学作品中大量的爱情故事开始,我展示了这些当代爱情小说的特定取向如何回应社会目标,包括社会凝聚力和危机管理,特别是对恢复力的呼吁。然后,我分析了这一禁令所涉及的问题是如何与护理相关的,在这种暴力背景下,护理被认为是唯一可能的、可接受的,甚至是可取的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Unclearing the Air: The Pneumatological Dalliances of Jacques Derrida 净化空气:雅克·德里达的气气学调情
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0237
R. McCormack
Abstract In the 1980s, Luce Irigaray accused Western philosophy of “forgetting” about the role that the materiality of air and the act of breathing played in pre-Socratic metaphysics. This essay explores how Jacques Derrida maintained a complicated but insightful relationship to the air throughout his career through the mediating influence of pneuma, a word with long and complicated connections to the air. I highlight two relevant sites of engagement. The first was found in Of Grammatology (1968), where he connected the breathy logocentrism of “natural writing” to a concept of pneumatology (a “science of spirit” with some interesting connections to Leibniz) that served as grammatology’s Janus face. The second stemmed from Of Spirit (1991), in which Derrida emphasized the combustible, fiery face of pneuma to lambast Heidegger’s use of translation to mediate away the historical presence of the word pneuma for ideological purposes. This body of work, en toto, presents a subtle and oblique critique of Irigaray’s position. For Derrida, the air cannot function as the medium for an alternative metaphysics of presence because, historically, its space has already been infused with a pneumatic specter that cannot be ignored.
在20世纪80年代,Luce Irigaray指责西方哲学“忘记”了空气的物质性和呼吸行为在前苏格拉底形而上学中所扮演的角色。这篇文章探讨了雅克·德里达如何通过pneuma这个与空气有着长期而复杂联系的词的中介影响,在他的整个职业生涯中与空气保持着复杂而深刻的关系。我强调两个相关的参与地点。第一个是在1968年出版的《论语法》(Of Grammatology)一书中,他将“自然写作”的呼吸语意中心主义与气体学(一种“精神科学”,与莱布尼茨有一些有趣的联系)的概念联系起来,气体学是语法学的两面脸。第二个源于《论精神》(1991),德里达在书中强调了“气动”可燃的、炽热的面孔,猛烈抨击海德格尔为了意识形态的目的而使用翻译来调解“气动”这个词的历史存在。总的来说,这些作品对伊里加雷的立场提出了微妙而隐晦的批评。对德里达来说,空气不能作为另一种存在形而上学的媒介,因为从历史上看,它的空间已经被注入了一个不可忽视的气动幽灵。
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引用次数: 0
Value, Virtue, and Vivienne Westwood: On the Philosophical Importance of Fashion 价值、美德与薇薇安·韦斯特伍德:论时尚的哲学意义
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0250
Colette Olive
Abstract In the aforementioned quote, Vivienne Westwood sketches a role for fashion that elevates it from the prosaic to the status of art, as something important, life-enhancing, and worthy of pursuit. Here, a philosophical treatment of Westwood’s vision of fashion that does justice to the artistic and life-enhancing value that fashion can realise is offered, using an emergent theory in contemporary analytic aesthetics. The virtue theory of art delineates the intrinsic worth of art in terms of the opportunities it provides for us to exercise and cultivate virtues such as courage, self-expression, imagination, wit, or authenticity. Our engagement with art can subsequently be genuinely life-enhancing in lieu of the constitutive role the virtues play in living well. The present study takes Westwood’s claims as a jumping-off point, considering how they speak not just to her own designs but to our relationship with our clothes more broadly. Fashion is defended as a practice that performs this function in analogous ways to other genres of art and thus has clear artistic value as well as enables us to live well. Given this potential, just as Westwood claimed, there are reasons to perform the practice well because it has importance for the ways in which it can realise artistic value and aid us in living well.
在前面的引用中,Vivienne Westwood描绘了时尚的角色,将其从平淡无奇提升到艺术的地位,作为一种重要的,改善生活的,值得追求的东西。在这里,使用当代分析美学中的新兴理论,对韦斯特伍德对时尚的看法进行哲学处理,公正地对待时尚可以实现的艺术和生活提升价值。艺术的美德理论描述了艺术的内在价值,它为我们提供了锻炼和培养勇气、自我表达、想象力、智慧或真实性等美德的机会。因此,我们与艺术的接触可以真正改善生活,而不是美德在生活中发挥的构成作用。目前的研究以韦斯特伍德的说法为出发点,考虑到这些说法不仅反映了她自己的设计,还更广泛地反映了我们与服装的关系。时尚被认为是一种实践,它以类似于其他艺术类型的方式履行这一功能,因此具有明确的艺术价值,并使我们生活得更好。鉴于这种潜力,正如韦斯特伍德所说,有理由进行良好的实践,因为它对于实现艺术价值和帮助我们更好地生活的方式具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Ordinary Situations and Artworld Declarations 普通情况与艺术界宣言
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0269
Otto Muller
Abstract Socially engaged art presents social situations to be understood, experienced, and evaluated as works of art while they simultaneously retain everyday non-art functionality. This article begins with an account of the definitional and evaluative concerns that socially engaged art engenders, outlining the debates around the relative importance of ethical and aesthetic values that result from this unsettled relationship between art and non-art. Based on this account, I argue that all socially engaged art requires successful performative bids that declare the work to be art and that it is possible to identify the felicity conditions in which these bids are likely to be successful, as well as the perlocutionary effects that occur when a situation is categorized as art. I apply this analytic framework in a discussion and comparison of pieces by Santiago Sierra and Mierle Laderman Ukeles, demonstrating how this framework facilitates assessments that account for the works as art, while interrogating and evaluating the ethics of their categorization as art.
抽象的社会参与艺术呈现了被理解、体验和评估为艺术作品的社会情境,同时保留了日常的非艺术功能。本文首先阐述了社会参与艺术所产生的定义和评估问题,概述了围绕艺术与非艺术之间这种不稳定关系所产生的伦理和美学价值的相对重要性的辩论。基于此,我认为所有社会参与的艺术都需要成功的行为投标,宣告作品是艺术,并且有可能确定这些投标可能成功的幸福条件,以及当一种情况被归类为艺术时发生的行为效应。我将这个分析框架应用于Santiago Sierra和Mierle Laderman Ukeles的作品的讨论和比较中,展示了这个框架如何促进对作品作为艺术的评估,同时质疑和评估它们作为艺术分类的伦理。
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引用次数: 0
Short-Story Writing as the Art of Ordinary Aesthetics 短篇小说写作作为普通美学的艺术
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0260
Michel-Guy Gouverneur
Abstract Though ordinary aesthetics is self-evident as a principle, fruitful as a method, it remains partly undefined. It seems the major difficulty is to mark out its territory, so much so as, after Wittgenstein, it endorses the most part of what used to pertain to ethics. Our hypothesis is that starting from art forms may prove helpful in defining ordinary aesthetics; and the article suggests that short-story writing is a paradigmatic pathway to ordinary aesthetics as it is to the ethical unsaid.
虽然普通美学作为一种原则是不言而喻的,作为一种方法是卓有成效的,但它在一定程度上仍然是不明确的。似乎主要的困难是划定自己的领域,以至于在维特根斯坦之后,它认可了过去属于伦理学的大部分内容。我们的假设是,从艺术形式出发可能有助于定义普通美学;文章认为,短篇小说写作既是通往普通美学的典范途径,也是通往未言伦理的典范途径。
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引用次数: 0
Walking Through Everyday Life: Tensions and Disruptions within the Ordinary 走过日常生活:平凡中的紧张与干扰
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0247
N. Conceição
Abstract Bringing together a genealogy of authors, concepts, and aesthetic case studies, this article aims to contribute to the discussion on ordinary aesthetics by focusing on the tensions that are intrinsic to walking as a fundamental embodied action in everyday urban life. These tensions concern the movement of walking itself and its relation to one’s surroundings, but it also concerns a certain complementarity between home (familiarity) and wandering. Experiencing space and thresholds that disrupt one’s relationship with home and the everyday can be understood as part of a modern “anti-home” tendency that lies at the core of several artistic and aesthetic practices. On the other hand, the study of walking and its relationship with the ordinary has also been enhanced and complexified by the mediation of images and technologies of reproduction. Approaching the paradoxes and ambiguities of everydayness from the perspective of walking allows us to better understand the ordinary as an in-between concept composed of evidence and mystery, familiarity and strangeness. Walking itself, as an ordinary element of life, is an unstable stabilisation, an unconsciousness that may become awareness, an immersive action that knows interruptions, a way of repeating paths that can also lead to detours and discoveries.
摘要本文汇集了作者、概念和美学案例研究的谱系,旨在通过关注步行作为日常城市生活中一种基本的具体行动所固有的张力,为普通美学的讨论做出贡献。这些紧张关系涉及步行本身的运动及其与周围环境的关系,但也涉及到家(熟悉)和流浪之间的某种互补性。体验破坏一个人与家和日常生活关系的空间和门槛可以被理解为现代“反家”趋势的一部分,这种趋势是几种艺术和美学实践的核心。另一方面,通过图像和再现技术的中介,对步行及其与普通人的关系的研究也得到了加强和复杂化。从行走的角度来处理日常的悖论和歧义,可以让我们更好地理解日常是一个由证据与神秘、熟悉与陌生组成的介于两者之间的概念。行走本身,作为生活中的一个普通元素,是一种不稳定的稳定,一种可能成为意识的无意识,一种知道中断的身临其境的行动,一种重复路径的方式,也可能导致迂回和发现。
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引用次数: 0
Experiencing Revulsion: Aesthetic Discomfort and Ordinary Life 体验反感:审美的不适与平凡的生活
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0256
R. Andreescu
Abstract Drawing on recent theories and debates concerning the everydayness of non-artistic and even private aesthetic experiences, this article aims at differentiating new ways of dealing with revulsion at the intersection of negative and everyday aesthetics, as another manner of extending or transcending the scope of traditional art-oriented aesthetics. The paradigms that I will trace in the history of negative aesthetics are not mere occurrences of disgust or repulsiveness in art and in everyday life, but ways of addressing the repulsive in relation to the culturally variable scope of art and aesthetics. Besides the classical paradigm that associates repugnant subjects with their pleasure-inducing imitations in art, and the transgressions of modern and contemporary art that increasingly shocked their audience, revulsion can also be regarded as a form of displeasure linked to the quotidian, yet aesthetically relevant forms of life. By virtue of this ordinary nature, which is not unfamiliar to other (non-Western) cultures, revulsion could be placed at the core of everyday aesthetics, since it confirms both the transition from contemplation to action in recent aesthetics, that is, the practical preoccupation with the aesthetic quality of living, and the broader redefinition of aesthetics in terms of sensory reactions.
摘要本文借鉴了最近关于非艺术甚至私人审美体验的日常性的理论和争论,旨在区分在消极美学和日常美学的交叉点上处理反感的新方法,作为对传统艺术美学范围的另一种扩展或超越。我将在消极美学史上追溯的范式不仅仅是艺术和日常生活中厌恶或排斥的发生,而是在艺术和美学的文化可变范围内解决排斥的方法。除了将令人反感的主题与艺术中令人愉悦的模仿联系在一起的古典范式,以及越来越震惊观众的现代和当代艺术的越轨行为之外,反感也可以被视为一种与日常但在美学上相关的生活形式相关的不快。由于这种对其他(非西方)文化并不陌生的普通性质,反感可以被置于日常美学的核心,因为它既证实了现代美学从沉思到行动的转变,即对生活美学质量的实践关注,也证实了从感官反应角度对美学的更广泛重新定义。
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引用次数: 0
The Faculty of Ideas. Kant’s Concept of Reason in the Narrower Sense 思想学院。康德的狭义理性概念
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0203
M. Lewin
Abstract In the Transcendental Dialectic, Kant searched for a universal concept of reason different from the understanding and offered the short formula “the faculty of principles” (KrV A299/B356). I will argue that this is only one and not the most pertinent and general mark of the concept of reason. There are more compelling short expressions in Kant’s Reflexionen, the third Critique and/or in the reception of Kant’s works: “the faculty of ideas” (Refl 5553 18:228 and KU 5:269) or reason in the narrower sense. The latter narrows down the logical sphere of the concept of rational faculties, and the former contains reason’s most basic mark: ideas. The first part of this article will focus on preliminary remarks on Kant’s philosophical methodology and conceptual analysis. The second part will analyze the division of the logical sphere of the concept of reason by nine necessary and coherent marks. These marks are centered around the concept of ideas, which allows for an ideas-first understanding of reason and preference for the formulas the faculty of ideas and reason in the narrower sense. The article will end with an “imperfect definition” of reason based on those nine marks.
在《先验辩证法》中,康德探索了一种不同于知性的普遍理性概念,并提出了一个简短的公式“原则能力”(KrV A299/B356)。我认为这只是理性概念的一个标志,而不是最相关和最普遍的标志。在康德的《反思》、《第三批判》和/或对康德著作的接受中,有更引人注目的简短表述:“思想的能力”(Refl 5553 18:28 8和KU 5:269)或狭义的理性。后者缩小了理性能力概念的逻辑范围,而前者则包含了理性最基本的标志:理念。本文的第一部分将着重对康德的哲学方法论和概念分析作初步评述。第二部分将分析理性概念的逻辑领域划分为九个必要的、连贯的标记。这些标记以观念概念为中心,这使得对理性的观念优先的理解和对狭义的观念能力和理性的公式的偏爱成为可能。本文将以基于这九个标志的理性的“不完美定义”作为结束。
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引用次数: 2
On Truth and Lie in the Object-Oriented Sense 论面向对象意义上的真与假
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0214
G. Harman
Abstract This article begins with a treatment of Friedrich Nietzsche’s early essay “On Truth and Lie in the Extra-Moral Sense.” The essay is often read, in the deconstructive tradition, as a showcase example of the impossibility of making a literal philosophical claim: is Nietzsche’s claim that all truth is merely metaphorical itself a true statement, or merely a metaphorical one? The present article claims that this supposed paradox relies on the groundless assumption that all philosophy must ultimately be grounded in some unshakeable literal truth. From here, we turn to Edmund Gettier’s famous critique of the widespread notion of knowledge as “justified true belief.” Expanding on Gettier’s point, it is argued that there can only be “justified untrue belief” or “unjustified true belief,” never a belief that is both justified and true at once.
摘要本文从弗里德里希·尼采早期的文章《论超道德意义上的真理与谎言》开始。在解构传统中,这篇文章经常被解读为不可能提出字面哲学主张的一个展示例子:尼采关于所有真理本身只是隐喻的说法是真实的,还是仅仅是隐喻的?本文声称,这种所谓的悖论依赖于一种毫无根据的假设,即所有哲学最终都必须建立在某种不可动摇的字面真理之上。从这里,我们转向埃德蒙·Gettier对知识的广泛概念的著名批判,即“合理的真实信仰”。在Gettier的观点的基础上,我们认为只有“合理的不真实信仰”或“不合理的真实信念”,而不是一种既合理又真实的信仰。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptual Personae in Ontology 本体中的概念人物
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0227
Carlos A. Segovia
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引用次数: 0
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