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Between the Void and Emptiness: Ontological Paradox and Spectres of Nihilism in Alain Badiou’s Being and Event and Graham Priest’s One 在空虚与空虚之间:阿兰·巴迪乌《存在与事件》和格雷厄姆·普里斯特《存在与事》中的本体论悖论与虚无主义色彩
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0234
Georgie Newson
Abstract In this study, I reconstruct and compare Alain Badiou’s Being and Event (2005) and Graham Priest’s One (2014), arguing that the ontologies pursued within the two texts are intriguingly analogous in a number of ways. Both Badiou and Priest are committed to thinking through classically ontological problems without denying the validity of the paradoxes they raise; both regard Plato’s Parmenides as an early and formative account of these paradoxes; both establish conclusions to the effect that unity – or “oneness” – is indeed a contradictory phenomenon; and both, as a corollary of this conclusion, develop frameworks which confer ontological prominence upon the void and emptiness respectively, thereby arriving at what appears to be a shared ontological nihilism. In this comparative study, I not only enquire whether the frameworks adopted by Badiou and Priest really do lead to nihilist conclusions, but also attempt to clearly outline their trajectories of thought for the benefit of those who might be tempted to dismiss their seemingly outlandish theses out of hand.
在本研究中,我重构并比较了阿兰·巴迪欧的《存在与事件》(2005)和格雷厄姆·普里斯特的《存在与事件》(2014),认为这两个文本所追求的本体论在很多方面都是有趣的相似之处。巴迪欧和普里斯特都致力于思考经典本体论问题,而不否认他们提出的悖论的有效性;他们都认为柏拉图的巴门尼德是对这些悖论的早期和形成性的描述;两者都得出这样的结论:统一——或“一”——确实是一种矛盾的现象;作为这一结论的必然结果,两者都发展了框架,分别赋予虚空和空虚以本体论的突出地位,从而达到了似乎是共同的本体论虚无主义。在这个比较研究中,我不仅要探究巴迪欧和普里斯特所采用的框架是否真的会导致虚无主义的结论,而且要试图清楚地勾勒出他们的思想轨迹,以便那些可能会对他们看似古怪的论点不以为然的人受益。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-Work Architecture: Domestic Labour, Speculative Design, and Automated Plenty 反工作架构:国内劳动力、推测性设计和自动化富足
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0226
H. Hester
Abstract This article presents a partial history of visions of technodomesticity in the global north, concentrating on dwellings which seek to problematize, challenge, or reorganize unpaid household labour. It is structured around three case studies, primarily drawn from the United States in the 1950s and 1960s: the single-family suburban dream house, the bachelor pad, and the fully automated future home. While these chosen examples may lend us certain resources for thinking about how best to mitigate the challenges of reproductive labour via living arrangements, they also possess a number of clear drawbacks or limitations. The article will argue that contesting these imaginaries (as much as learning from them) is likely to prove necessary in unpicking the connections between an inequitable distribution of unpaid intrafamilial domestic labour and the house itself as both a concrete site and an ideological formation – necessary, that is to say, in terms of building a meaningfully feminist conception of anti-work architecture.
摘要本文介绍了全球北方技术家庭生活愿景的部分历史,重点关注那些试图解决、挑战或重组无偿家庭劳动的住宅。它围绕着三个案例研究构建,主要来自20世纪50年代和60年代的美国:郊区的独栋梦想之家、单身公寓和全自动化的未来之家。虽然这些选定的例子可能为我们思考如何最好地通过生活安排来缓解生殖劳动的挑战提供了某些资源,但它们也有一些明显的缺点或局限性。这篇文章将认为,质疑这些想象(以及从中学习)很可能被证明是必要的,有助于解开家庭内部无偿家务劳动的不公平分配与作为具体场所和意识形态形成的房子之间的联系——也就是说,在构建一个有意义的反工作建筑的女权主义概念方面。
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引用次数: 0
Society Bites: Phenomenological Aesthetics of the Ordinary and the Ordinary Cannibal 社会咬人:平凡与平凡食人者的现象学美学
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0265
Erika Natalia Molina Garcia
Abstract Drawing on phenomenological aesthetics and on the haptic aesthetics of eating as a form of everyday aesthetics, I examine the phenomenon of eating our own as meaningful in three dimensions: vital/natural, somatic/individual, and cross-cultural. Usually conceived as a concrete, rare, and foreign practice, I show how cannibalism is present in our daily lives, both symbolically and as a liminal possibility towards which – as Freud noticed in 1913 – we all tended as children. Cannibalism is present not only in cinematic, literary, or visual art, and in anthropological research that situates it far from “us,” but through narratives and carnal dispositifs of differentiation/assimilation of the Same and the Other, fundamental for our subjective constitution. I conclude with a reflection on how the classical aesthetics of the sovereign subject develops towards alternative models like Pelluchon’s gourmet ego that re-establish the connexion and moral engagement lost by solipsism by means of alimentary metaphors, but also romanticizing them, failing to address the problem of voracity and overconsumption, both at a social and at an individual level. This is more suitably addressed by Viveiros de Castro’s idea of a cannibal cogito, but even better understood by Emmanuel Levinas’ enjoyment-contact model of subjectivity.
我将现象学美学和饮食的触觉美学作为日常美学的一种形式,从三个维度来研究我们自己吃东西的现象:生命/自然、躯体/个体和跨文化。通常被认为是一种具体的、罕见的、外来的实践,我展示了食人是如何存在于我们的日常生活中,既是象征性的,也是一种有限的可能性——正如弗洛伊德在1913年注意到的那样——我们小时候都倾向于食人。食人不仅存在于电影、文学或视觉艺术中,也存在于远离“我们”的人类学研究中,还存在于对“同者”和“他者”区分/同化的叙事和肉体配置中,这是我们主观构成的基础。最后,我反思了主权主体的古典美学是如何向其他模式发展的,比如佩卢雄的美食家自我,这种模式通过食物隐喻重新建立了唯我论所失去的联系和道德参与,但也将它们浪漫化,未能解决贪婪和过度消费的问题,无论是在社会层面还是在个人层面。维维罗斯·德·卡斯特罗关于食人者的自我意识的观点更适合解决这个问题,但伊曼纽尔·列维纳斯的主体性享受-接触模型更能理解这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
Banal Evil – Radical Goodness. Reflection on the 60th Anniversary of “Eichmann in Jerusalem” 平庸的邪恶-激进的善良。回顾“艾希曼在耶路撒冷”60周年
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0259
Veronica Cibotaru
Abstract The starting point of this article lies in the idea, defended by Hannah Arendt, according to which only goodness can be radical, while evil is merely banal. The idea of a banality of evil is present in Arendt’s work Eichmann in Jerusalem , although it is explicitly not presented as a general theory on evil as such – it is more particularly in her correspondence with Gershom Scholem that one can find this specific distinction between evil and goodness mentioned. How is this distinction to be understood? This article proposes the idea that such a distinction has to be construed on an ontological level: evil is ontologically deficient, since it does not take hold in a specific capacity of human beings, which would be what Hannah Arendt calls the demonic evil, but in the absence of thinking, i.e. in the absence of a specific human faculty. Conversely, only goodness expresses a creative human faculty, which is precisely thinking, and which, following Hannah Arendt, can be fully realized only through a political, collective dimension.
本文的出发点在于汉娜·阿伦特所捍卫的一种观念,即只有善才是激进的,而恶只是平庸的。在阿伦特的著作《艾希曼在耶路撒冷》中,出现了邪恶平庸的观点,尽管它并没有明确地作为一种关于邪恶的一般理论来提出——尤其是在她与格肖姆·肖勒姆的通信中,人们可以发现提到了邪恶与善良之间的具体区别。如何理解这种区别呢?这篇文章提出了这样一个观点,即这种区别必须在本体论的层面上加以解释:邪恶在本体论上是有缺陷的,因为它没有在人类的特定能力中占有一席之地,这将是汉娜·阿伦特所说的恶魔般的邪恶,而是在缺乏思考的情况下,即在缺乏特定的人类能力的情况下。相反,只有善良表达了一种创造性的人类能力,这种能力正是思考,按照汉娜·阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)的说法,只有通过政治的、集体的维度才能充分实现。
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引用次数: 0
Transitional Domesticity: Collectivisation and Fractionalisation in Peer-to-Peer Digital Citizenry Learning from Socio-Innovations of Chinese-Asian Historical Contexts 过渡家庭生活:从中国-亚洲历史背景的社会创新中学习点对点数字公民的集体化和分体化
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0246
Provides Ng
Abstract Collectivisation, as a socio-innovation, is an incremental part of history that has much to teach on questions of asset commoning. Such notions can provide renewed perspectives in understanding today’s peer-to-peer (p2p) economy and its influence on housing ownership models, which are constituting new forms of domesticity. This study understands domesticity as processes of collectivisation and de-collectivisation, and questions its conceptualisation as universal and invariant. It compares the transitioning moments by which a new governing body is instituted within recent-historical Chinese-Asian contexts, including mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. These moments were often postcolonial, full of changes, uncertainty, crisis, and anticipation; these contexts were unprecedented in scale, density, and cultural collision; in common, these were junctures of socio-innovation in land distribution that fashioned different forms of citizenry. By looking at these instances of innovation with situated thinking and against their historical–cultural backgrounds, the findings in this study reflect on the design of socio-technological systems, the potential consequences of our design interventions, and what “innovation” may mean given the complexity of transitional challenges. Putting together cosmopolitan and vernacular histories, the historiography presented is a collage of card game narratives, archived posters, news headlines, statistical figures, and literature. This journey through events of socio-innovation from the twentieth century till recent decades reveals how the history of governance has always been a question of cultivating collective actions, one way or another, and today’s p2p economy is simultaneously collectivising and fractionalising such socio-economic exchanges in digital citizenry.
集体化作为一种社会创新,是历史的一个渐进部分,在资产共有问题上有很多值得借鉴的地方。这些概念可以为理解当今的点对点(p2p)经济及其对住房所有权模式的影响提供新的视角,这些模式正在构成新的家庭生活形式。本研究将家庭生活理解为集体化和去集体化的过程,并质疑其普遍和不变的概念化。它比较了近代历史上一个新的管理机构在包括中国大陆、台湾、香港和新加坡在内的华裔亚洲背景下成立的过渡时刻。这些时刻往往是后殖民时期,充满了变化、不确定性、危机和期待;这些背景在规模、密度和文化碰撞上都是前所未有的;总的来说,这些都是土地分配社会创新的转折点,塑造了不同形式的公民。通过观察这些具有情境思维和历史文化背景的创新实例,本研究的发现反映了社会技术系统的设计,我们设计干预的潜在后果,以及考虑到过渡挑战的复杂性,“创新”可能意味着什么。将世界历史和本土历史结合在一起,呈现的史学是纸牌游戏叙述,存档海报,新闻标题,统计数字和文学的拼贴。从20世纪到最近几十年的社会创新事件之旅揭示了治理的历史如何始终是一个培养集体行动的问题,无论如何,今天的p2p经济正在同时集体化和细分数字公民中的这种社会经济交流。
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引用次数: 0
Being Truly Wrong: Enlightened Nihilism or Unbound Naturalism? 真正的错误:开明的虚无主义还是无拘无束的自然主义?
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0238
Patrick Gamez
Abstract I present an account of nihilism, following Foucault and Nietzsche, as a sort of colonization of our thinking by a religious form of normativity, grounded in our submission to truth as correspondence, in the idea that the facts themselves could be binding upon us. I then present Brassier’s radicalization of nihilism and showed how it remains subservient to this religious ideal of truth. I argue, further, that far than showing how a commitment to Enlightenment reason and science demands a cold metaphysics of death, in dismissing the irreducibly plural ways in which what is determines thought, Brassier’s attempt to secure a fit between thought and disenchanted world suggests that the view is an expression of the unliveable condition of nihilism, rather than its proof. Finally, I present a form of naturalism that makes legitimate claim to the legacy of Enlightenment, drawing from French historical epistemology, and dispenses with the problems animating Brassier’s nihilism by radically transforming the concept of truth and how we relate to it.
根据福柯和尼采的观点,我将虚无主义描述为一种宗教形式的规范性对我们思想的殖民,这种规范性建立在我们对真理的服从之上,即真理本身可以约束我们。然后,我介绍了布雷西耶对虚无主义的激进化,并展示了它是如何屈从于这种宗教的真理理想的。我进一步认为,除了展示对启蒙理性和科学的承诺如何需要一种冷漠的死亡形而上学,在驳斥不可简化的多重方式中,什么是决定思想的,Brassier试图确保思想和幻灭世界之间的契合,这表明这种观点是虚无主义无法生存的条件的表达,而不是它的证据。最后,我提出了一种自然主义形式,它从法国历史认识论中汲取启蒙运动的遗产,并通过彻底改变真理的概念以及我们如何与真理联系起来,从而免除了布拉西耶虚无主义的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Ordinary Aesthetics and Ethics in the Haiku Poetry of Matsuo Bashō: A Wittgensteinian Perspective 从维特根斯坦的视角看松尾诗俳句中的普通美学与伦理
IF 0.5 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0255
Tomaso Pignocchi
Abstract This article explores how the notion of ordinary aesthetics can stem, as well as the one of ordinary ethics, from that revolution of the ordinary started by Wittgenstein and further developed by philosophers like Cavell and Diamond. The idea of ordinary ethics emphasizes the importance of everyday life and the particular details of our experiences. This concept can be extended to aesthetics, forming the basis of a modality of aesthetic appreciation that recognize values and importance in the details and nuances of everyday experience. One example of such ordinary aesthetics can be found in the haiku poetry of Bashō. Bashō’s poetry often focuses on the ordinary and mundane aspects of life, such as the changing of seasons, the sound of rain, or the sight of a bird in flight, but also on that lower world made of insects, rotten foliage, and excrements. Bashō conveys in poetry the core of Zen philosophy, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all things and the value of living in the present moment. This approach to aesthetics offers an alternative to more traditional modes of aesthetic appreciation, which tend to prioritize grandeur, spectacle, and formal perfection. Ultimately, the concept of ordinary aesthetics invites us to find the intrinsic importance in the simple things that surround us and to cultivate a deeper appreciation for the richness of our everyday lives.
摘要本文探讨了普通美学的概念以及普通伦理学的概念是如何从维特根斯坦发起的、由卡维尔和戴蒙德等哲学家进一步发展起来的普通革命中产生的。普通伦理学强调日常生活的重要性和我们经历的特殊细节。这一概念可以扩展到美学,形成了一种审美模式的基础,这种模式在日常体验的细节和细微差别中认识到价值和重要性。这种普通美学的一个例子可以在巴什的俳句诗中找到。Bashō的诗歌经常关注生活中平凡和世俗的方面,比如季节的变化、雨声或鸟儿飞翔的景象,但也关注由昆虫、腐烂的树叶和排泄物组成的下层世界。Bashō在诗歌中传达了禅宗哲学的核心,强调万物的相互联系和当下生活的价值。这种美学方法提供了一种替代更传统的审美模式的方法,这些模式倾向于优先考虑宏伟、壮观和形式上的完美。最终,普通美学的概念邀请我们在我们周围的简单事物中找到内在的重要性,并培养对我们日常生活丰富性的更深层次的欣赏。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Topical Issue “Nihilism through a Contemporary Lens: Post-Continental and Other Perspectives” “当代镜头下的虚无主义:后大陆与其他视角”专题导论
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0270
Halit Evrim Bayındır
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引用次数: 0
“Normal Is What We Make It, Right?” Ordinary Aesthetics and Uncanny Twists in Contemporary TV Series “正常是我们创造的,对吧?”当代电视剧中的普通美学与离奇转折
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0257
Jeroen Gerrits
Abstract Contemporary TV shows, characterized by their complex narrative form, are designed to reveal the simple. They enable characters and viewers alike to discover the ordinary by coupling the everyday to an underworld populated by criminals, demons, vampires, and other kinds of “lowlifes.” I will argue here that the structure of the Möbius strip, or Escher twist, draws a particular aesthetic appeal at the intersection of these worlds. I call these twists uncanny in the Cavellian sense that the underworld, looking strangely familiar, has the capacity of making the ordinary look unfamiliar, inherently strange, and unstable. Rather than allowing us to judge the demonic or illegal, they disclose what is normally inaccessible to us precisely because it is so ordinary and simple, so familiar and in plain sight. I will support this idea of Escher-twisting from one world to another by analyzing examples from Twin Peaks (ABC 1990-2, Showtime 2017), The Sopranos (HBO 1999-2007), Awake (NBC 2012), and Ozark (Netflix 2017–2022).
当代电视节目以其复杂的叙事形式为特征,旨在揭示简单。通过将日常生活与充斥着罪犯、恶魔、吸血鬼和其他“下层社会”的黑社会联系起来,他们使角色和观众都能发现平凡。在这里,我想说的是,Möbius条的结构,或埃舍尔扭曲,在这些世界的交叉点上吸引了一种特殊的审美吸引力。我把这些曲折称为卡维尔意义上的离奇,即黑社会,看起来奇怪地熟悉,有能力使普通看起来不熟悉,本质上奇怪,不稳定。他们没有让我们去判断恶魔或非法,而是揭示了我们通常无法接近的东西,正是因为它是如此普通和简单,如此熟悉和显而易见。我将通过分析《双峰》(ABC 1990-2, Showtime 2017)、《黑道家族》(HBO 1999-2007)、《清醒》(NBC 2012)和《欧扎克》(Netflix 2017 - 2022)中的例子来支持埃歇尔扭曲从一个世界到另一个世界的观点。
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引用次数: 0
The Place of Action in the Landscape of Aesthetic Experience 审美体验景观中的行动位置
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opphil-2022-0264
David R. Charles
Abstract Advocates of ordinary aesthetics argue that aesthetic experiences found in everyday life can have an impact on our ethical being. This raises the question of how, specifically, action arises from aesthetic experience. Although this matter affects both Aesthetics and Ethics, the current literature provides few details on potential mechanisms. Using neurophysiological evidence, this article proposes specific action profiles and associated mechanisms for aesthetic experiences. To achieve this, it is argued that aesthetic experience originates within the mind and that ordinary aesthetic experiences are logically permissible. Subsequently, a proposed landscape of aesthetic experience is derived. Mechanisms for pathways from experience to action are provided for each category of aesthetic experience. In sum, this provides a tangible bridge between Aesthetics and Ethics, enabling a better understanding of how one’s ethical being is influenced by certain experiences.
普通美学的提倡者认为,日常生活中的审美体验会对我们的伦理存在产生影响。这就提出了一个问题,具体来说,行动是如何从审美经验中产生的。尽管这个问题同时影响美学和伦理学,但目前的文献很少提供潜在机制的细节。利用神经生理学证据,本文提出了审美体验的具体行动概况和相关机制。为了达到这一目的,人们认为审美经验起源于心灵,而普通的审美经验在逻辑上是允许的。随后,提出了一种美学体验景观。为每一类审美经验提供了从经验到行动的途径机制。总之,这在美学和伦理之间架起了一座有形的桥梁,使我们能够更好地理解一个人的伦理存在是如何受到某些经历的影响的。
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引用次数: 0
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Open Philosophy
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