Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00423
S. Min, Seung-taek Lim, K. Lee
PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between performance-related factors and physical abilities in Korean national bobsled and skeleton athletes.METHODS: Sixteen bobsled and skeleton athletes who participated in the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics as a Korean national team volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were evaluated in terms of performance-related factors, including anaerobic power, 5 bound jump (5 BJ), and sprinting speed by sections, and physical abilities, including isokinetic strength, 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) strength, body composition, anthropometry, and agility. Stepwise selection of multiple regression analyses was used to investigate the relationship between performance-related factors and physical ability.RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations were observed between anaerobic power, sprinting speed by sections, 5 BJ and chest, isokinetic strength (knee, 180°/s), deadlift, and side-step.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the performance of Korean national bobsled and skeletal athletes is related to upper and lower body strength and agility. Thus, future training programs for bobsled and skeletal athletes should focus on improving strength and agility for performance enhancement.
{"title":"The Relationship of Performance and Physical Fitness Factors in Korean National Men’s Bobsled and Skeleton Athletes","authors":"S. Min, Seung-taek Lim, K. Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00423","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between performance-related factors and physical abilities in Korean national bobsled and skeleton athletes.METHODS: Sixteen bobsled and skeleton athletes who participated in the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics as a Korean national team volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were evaluated in terms of performance-related factors, including anaerobic power, 5 bound jump (5 BJ), and sprinting speed by sections, and physical abilities, including isokinetic strength, 1 repetition maximum (1 RM) strength, body composition, anthropometry, and agility. Stepwise selection of multiple regression analyses was used to investigate the relationship between performance-related factors and physical ability.RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations were observed between anaerobic power, sprinting speed by sections, 5 BJ and chest, isokinetic strength (knee, 180°/s), deadlift, and side-step.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the performance of Korean national bobsled and skeletal athletes is related to upper and lower body strength and agility. Thus, future training programs for bobsled and skeletal athletes should focus on improving strength and agility for performance enhancement.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46833616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00465
Myeong-Hun Park, Seung-taek Lim, Jinseok Lee, Byoung-Ju Kim, S. Oh, Sunghwun Kang
PURPOSE: This study was conducted with racket athletes at a university to determine the effect of combination of resistance exercise and black maca for four weeks on strength and endurance of trunk muscles and fatigue-related biomarkers.METHODS: There were 16 university racket athletes classified into two groups: CO (control) (n=8) and RE (resistance exercise) (n=8). Body composition and muscle function were tested before the experiment (baseline), after four weeks (racket), and after ten weeks (racket+black maca). Before measuring body composition, we collected a blood sample to measure fatigue-related biomarkers such as myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid, and ammonia. Black maca was purchased from Essoco.RESULTS: In both the CO and RE groups, racket+black maca lowered blood ammonia levels compared to that at the baseline (p<.05) and racket (p<.001). There were no differences in the other fatigue-related factors. In the muscle function test, the racket+black maca increased the extension and flexion strength compared to that at the baseline (p<.05), while only extension strength increased after racket (p<.05) in the RE group. In both groups, the racket+black maca increased the extension and flexion endurance compared to that at the baseline (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Black maca intake effectively lowered the blood ammonia levels and improved muscle function. The effect on muscle function enhanced significantly when combined with resistance exercises. These results suggest that combination of black maca and resistance exercise may help improve exercise performance.
{"title":"Effects of Resistance Exercise, Black Maca and Combined Treatment on Blood Muscle Fatigue Factors and Muscle Function in Racket Athletes","authors":"Myeong-Hun Park, Seung-taek Lim, Jinseok Lee, Byoung-Ju Kim, S. Oh, Sunghwun Kang","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00465","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study was conducted with racket athletes at a university to determine the effect of combination of resistance exercise and black maca for four weeks on strength and endurance of trunk muscles and fatigue-related biomarkers.METHODS: There were 16 university racket athletes classified into two groups: CO (control) (n=8) and RE (resistance exercise) (n=8). Body composition and muscle function were tested before the experiment (baseline), after four weeks (racket), and after ten weeks (racket+black maca). Before measuring body composition, we collected a blood sample to measure fatigue-related biomarkers such as myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid, and ammonia. Black maca was purchased from Essoco.RESULTS: In both the CO and RE groups, racket+black maca lowered blood ammonia levels compared to that at the baseline (p<.05) and racket (p<.001). There were no differences in the other fatigue-related factors. In the muscle function test, the racket+black maca increased the extension and flexion strength compared to that at the baseline (p<.05), while only extension strength increased after racket (p<.05) in the RE group. In both groups, the racket+black maca increased the extension and flexion endurance compared to that at the baseline (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Black maca intake effectively lowered the blood ammonia levels and improved muscle function. The effect on muscle function enhanced significantly when combined with resistance exercises. These results suggest that combination of black maca and resistance exercise may help improve exercise performance.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45586018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00486
S. Oh, H. Jun
PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify whether the degree of pain cognition by injury-experienced athletes in a sports setting varies depending on their emotional status, and to compare the values between the VAS (subjective pain score) and RIII reflex (objective pain data).METHODS: Injured (n=15) and non-injured (n=15) experienced athletes participated in the experimental procedures with pain stimulation, RIII reflex, and VAS measurement, while emotional images (neutral, pleasure, and unpleasure) were randomly presented. The RIII reflex was measured simultaneously with TENS stimulation of the sural nerve while the OASIS images were presented, and the VAS was measured between the sets of images. Data were collected using electromyography (EMG) and VAS.RESULTS: The relationship between the group and the VAS score according to the emotional state was significant (p=.028), and the relationship between the group and the RIII reflex depending on the emotional state was not significant (p=.344). Furthermore, the relationship of the group “emotion” measurement was not significant (p=.081), but the results indicate toward a correlation.CONCLUSIONS: Athletes recognized more pain at the same intensity when their emotional state was unpleasant, but the RIII reflex was measured constantly so they could recognize less pain in an emotionally stable state. Despite some associations, no difference was observed in the degree of pain recognition based on injury experience.
{"title":"Pain Cognition of the Injury Experienced Athletes Depends on Emotional Status","authors":"S. Oh, H. Jun","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00486","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify whether the degree of pain cognition by injury-experienced athletes in a sports setting varies depending on their emotional status, and to compare the values between the VAS (subjective pain score) and RIII reflex (objective pain data).METHODS: Injured (n=15) and non-injured (n=15) experienced athletes participated in the experimental procedures with pain stimulation, RIII reflex, and VAS measurement, while emotional images (neutral, pleasure, and unpleasure) were randomly presented. The RIII reflex was measured simultaneously with TENS stimulation of the sural nerve while the OASIS images were presented, and the VAS was measured between the sets of images. Data were collected using electromyography (EMG) and VAS.RESULTS: The relationship between the group and the VAS score according to the emotional state was significant (p=.028), and the relationship between the group and the RIII reflex depending on the emotional state was not significant (p=.344). Furthermore, the relationship of the group “emotion” measurement was not significant (p=.081), but the results indicate toward a correlation.CONCLUSIONS: Athletes recognized more pain at the same intensity when their emotional state was unpleasant, but the RIII reflex was measured constantly so they could recognize less pain in an emotionally stable state. Despite some associations, no difference was observed in the degree of pain recognition based on injury experience.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44151947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00556
Se-Young Seon, Byoun-Jae Park, Kwang-Jin Lee, K. An
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of soft tissue stiffness on joint range of motion and athletic performance in soccer players.METHODS: Fifteen adult male soccer players participated in the study. After the warm-up, calf muscle and Achilles tendon stiffness were measured. Subsequently, range of motion of the ankle joint and 30 m sprint and vertical jump were performed. Exercise performance was assessed as a field test to create an experimental environment similar to that of actual training and competition.RESULTS: Achilles tendon stiffness showed a significant correlation with the 30 m sprint and the vertical jump (p<.05). A moderate correlation was observed between the 30 m sprint and the vertical jump(p<.01). Soleus muscle stiffness was significantly correlated with the 30 m sprint(p<.05). No other correlations were observed.CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it was confirmed that Achilles tendon stiffness affects exercise performance. In a follow-up study, it was necessary to confirm the effect of the stiffness of various soft tissues on exercise performance.
{"title":"The Effect of Stiffness of Lower Extremity Soft Tissue on the Sports Performance of K-7 League Soccer Players: A Pilot Study","authors":"Se-Young Seon, Byoun-Jae Park, Kwang-Jin Lee, K. An","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00556","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of soft tissue stiffness on joint range of motion and athletic performance in soccer players.METHODS: Fifteen adult male soccer players participated in the study. After the warm-up, calf muscle and Achilles tendon stiffness were measured. Subsequently, range of motion of the ankle joint and 30 m sprint and vertical jump were performed. Exercise performance was assessed as a field test to create an experimental environment similar to that of actual training and competition.RESULTS: Achilles tendon stiffness showed a significant correlation with the 30 m sprint and the vertical jump (p<.05). A moderate correlation was observed between the 30 m sprint and the vertical jump(p<.01). Soleus muscle stiffness was significantly correlated with the 30 m sprint(p<.05). No other correlations were observed.CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it was confirmed that Achilles tendon stiffness affects exercise performance. In a follow-up study, it was necessary to confirm the effect of the stiffness of various soft tissues on exercise performance.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43082753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00416
Na-ye Kim, Kwang-Seok Hong, In-Kyung Jung
PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the direction of nutrition management and education for adolescent athletes based on the transtheoretical model (TTM).METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 male adolescent athletes using questionnaires in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. Differences in nutritional indices, dietary behaviors, and dietary self-efficacies were compared according to the stage of dietary behavior change, and significance was verified using analysis of variance and chi-square tests.RESULTS: According to the stage of change in dietary behavior, a significant difference was observed in the grade and score of the nutrition quotient (NQ), and the nutritional status and quality of meals were extremely poor in the precontemplation and contemplation groups. Dietary self-efficacy differed significantly according to the stage of change in dietary behavior. Compared to the pre-contemplation and contemplation stage groups, the action and maintenance stage groups had a higher willingness to practice desirable dietary behaviors and overcome barriers.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrated that individualized nutritional intervention based on TTM was an effective strategy for healthy dietary behavior and had a positive impact on adolescent athletes’ sports performance. Furthermore, nutrition education should include content that enhances students’ dietary self-efficacy.
{"title":"Nutrition Quotient and Dietary Self-efficacy according to the Transtheoretical Model in Adolescent Athletes","authors":"Na-ye Kim, Kwang-Seok Hong, In-Kyung Jung","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00416","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the direction of nutrition management and education for adolescent athletes based on the transtheoretical model (TTM).METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 205 male adolescent athletes using questionnaires in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. Differences in nutritional indices, dietary behaviors, and dietary self-efficacies were compared according to the stage of dietary behavior change, and significance was verified using analysis of variance and chi-square tests.RESULTS: According to the stage of change in dietary behavior, a significant difference was observed in the grade and score of the nutrition quotient (NQ), and the nutritional status and quality of meals were extremely poor in the precontemplation and contemplation groups. Dietary self-efficacy differed significantly according to the stage of change in dietary behavior. Compared to the pre-contemplation and contemplation stage groups, the action and maintenance stage groups had a higher willingness to practice desirable dietary behaviors and overcome barriers.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrated that individualized nutritional intervention based on TTM was an effective strategy for healthy dietary behavior and had a positive impact on adolescent athletes’ sports performance. Furthermore, nutrition education should include content that enhances students’ dietary self-efficacy.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42584842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00430
W. Son, Yi-Sub Kwak, K. Kim
PURPOSE: Postmenopausal status is associated with an age-related decline in hormones, abnormal appetite regulation, weight gain, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a useful non-pharmacological intervention that improves the levels of hormones involved in appetite regulation and weight management while reducing CVD risk factors. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of a ballet program on menopause-related changes in satiety or levels of appetite regulation hormones, including leptin and ghrelin, homeostatic model of assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).METHODS: The EX group performed the ballet program. In the fasting state, body composition; leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and glucose levels; and HOMA-IR values were assessed before and 12 week after the intervention.RESULTS: A significant group by time interaction (p<.05) was noted for percentage body fat, leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR, which significantly decreased (p<.05), and ghrelin, which significantly increased (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that this ballet program may be an attractive and enjoyable intervention for improving menopause-associated appetite regulation hormone changes in postmenopausal women.
{"title":"The Impact of Ballet Program on Appetite Related Hormones, Insulin Resistance, and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study","authors":"W. Son, Yi-Sub Kwak, K. Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00430","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Postmenopausal status is associated with an age-related decline in hormones, abnormal appetite regulation, weight gain, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a useful non-pharmacological intervention that improves the levels of hormones involved in appetite regulation and weight management while reducing CVD risk factors. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of a ballet program on menopause-related changes in satiety or levels of appetite regulation hormones, including leptin and ghrelin, homeostatic model of assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).METHODS: The EX group performed the ballet program. In the fasting state, body composition; leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and glucose levels; and HOMA-IR values were assessed before and 12 week after the intervention.RESULTS: A significant group by time interaction (p<.05) was noted for percentage body fat, leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR, which significantly decreased (p<.05), and ghrelin, which significantly increased (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that this ballet program may be an attractive and enjoyable intervention for improving menopause-associated appetite regulation hormone changes in postmenopausal women.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46698728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00528
M. Kang, Hyunsik Kang
PURPOSE: This study investigated whether physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) modulate the relationship between eating speed and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean university students.METHODS: A total of 1,071 college students 751 males and 320 females participated in this study. The volume of PA (minutes per week) assessed by a self-reported questionnaire was classified as sufficient or insufficient based on the global recommendation of 150 minutes per week. Self-reported eating speed was classified as normal or fast. CRF was classified as low (lowest 25%), moderate (middle 50%), and high (highest 25%) based on the maximum volume of oxygen consumption determined during a graded treadmill running.RESULTS: Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of fast eating for metabolic syndrome was 1.94 (95% confidence interval, CI=1.34-2.82, p<.001) in the total group and 1.75 (95% CI=1.18-2.59, p=.005) in male students only. Logistic regression showed that in the total group, fasting eating was associated with an increased risk of MetS (OR=1.780, 95% CI=1.223-2.259, p=.003) compared to individuals with normal eating speed (OR=1) even after adjustments for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol intake. Additionally, male students with fast eating were at increased risk of MetS (OR=1.750, 95% CI=1.181-2.529, p=.005) compared to their counterparts with normal eating speed even after adjustments for all the covariates. Moderation analyses by Andrew F. Hayes showed that the effect of eating speed on MetS risk differed by physical activity (β=-0.389, 95% CI=-0.706- 0.071, p=.017) and CRF levels (β=-0.307, 95% CI=-0.496-0.118, p=.002) even after adjustments for all the covariates.CONCLUSIONS: The current findings of the study suggest that both regular PA and CRF can play a preventive role against MetS associated with fast eating in Korean college students.
{"title":"The Roles of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Relationship between Eating Speed and Metabolic Syndrome in College Students","authors":"M. Kang, Hyunsik Kang","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00528","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study investigated whether physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) modulate the relationship between eating speed and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean university students.METHODS: A total of 1,071 college students 751 males and 320 females participated in this study. The volume of PA (minutes per week) assessed by a self-reported questionnaire was classified as sufficient or insufficient based on the global recommendation of 150 minutes per week. Self-reported eating speed was classified as normal or fast. CRF was classified as low (lowest 25%), moderate (middle 50%), and high (highest 25%) based on the maximum volume of oxygen consumption determined during a graded treadmill running.RESULTS: Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of fast eating for metabolic syndrome was 1.94 (95% confidence interval, CI=1.34-2.82, p<.001) in the total group and 1.75 (95% CI=1.18-2.59, p=.005) in male students only. Logistic regression showed that in the total group, fasting eating was associated with an increased risk of MetS (OR=1.780, 95% CI=1.223-2.259, p=.003) compared to individuals with normal eating speed (OR=1) even after adjustments for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol intake. Additionally, male students with fast eating were at increased risk of MetS (OR=1.750, 95% CI=1.181-2.529, p=.005) compared to their counterparts with normal eating speed even after adjustments for all the covariates. Moderation analyses by Andrew F. Hayes showed that the effect of eating speed on MetS risk differed by physical activity (β=-0.389, 95% CI=-0.706- 0.071, p=.017) and CRF levels (β=-0.307, 95% CI=-0.496-0.118, p=.002) even after adjustments for all the covariates.CONCLUSIONS: The current findings of the study suggest that both regular PA and CRF can play a preventive role against MetS associated with fast eating in Korean college students.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48374981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00479
Kyung-Wan Baek, Kung Ahn, Yong Ju Ahn, Ying-Ying Xiang, Ji-Seok Kim
PURPOSE: To suggest future research directions and current research trends based on representative studies of existing exercises and the gut microbiome. In addition, we reviewed methodologies to study the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome.METHODS: The research methodologies and results were integrated through a literature review of the latest “exercise and gut microbiome” studies and a narrative review.RESULTS: Although exercise is indirectly related to the gut microbiome or immunity, evidence for a direct effect is still lacking. However, with the recent discovery of gut microbiomes that can help improve exercise performance, it is clear that exercise can positively alter the gut microbiome.CONCLUSIONS: Strong evidence suggests that regular moderate exercise improves overall immune function and lowers the incidence of inflammation-related disease. In addition, certain microorganisms affect exercise performance.
{"title":"Exercise and Gut Microbiome: Trends and Advances in Research Methods","authors":"Kyung-Wan Baek, Kung Ahn, Yong Ju Ahn, Ying-Ying Xiang, Ji-Seok Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00479","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To suggest future research directions and current research trends based on representative studies of existing exercises and the gut microbiome. In addition, we reviewed methodologies to study the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome.METHODS: The research methodologies and results were integrated through a literature review of the latest “exercise and gut microbiome” studies and a narrative review.RESULTS: Although exercise is indirectly related to the gut microbiome or immunity, evidence for a direct effect is still lacking. However, with the recent discovery of gut microbiomes that can help improve exercise performance, it is clear that exercise can positively alter the gut microbiome.CONCLUSIONS: Strong evidence suggests that regular moderate exercise improves overall immune function and lowers the incidence of inflammation-related disease. In addition, certain microorganisms affect exercise performance.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45930284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00318
Minje Ji, Chaeeun Cho, Sewon Lee
PURPOSE: Normal weight obesity (NWO) is characterized by a normal body mass index but a high body fat mass percentage and low skeletal muscle mass, thereby increasing the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction and morbidity. However, the effects of exercise intervention in reducing the risk of cardiometabolic disease in NWO have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the potential cardiometabolic disease risk and to provide implications of exercise interventions for the proactive prevention of cardiometabolic disease risk in NWO.METHODS: We searched and summarized the literature on the cardiometabolic risk factors in NWO. In addition, we summarized literature investigating the effects of exercise intervention on the cardiometabolic risk factors in NWO. We performed the literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS: NWO was associated with increased visceral fat, ectopic fat, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with normal weight lean. NWO requires exercise interventions that induce alterations in body composition, such as decreased body fat percentage and increased muscle mass. Resistance exercise (RE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) can improve lipid components and alter body composition in NWO. In addition, low-intensity blood flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR-RE) may enhance muscular strength and anaerobic power in NWO.CONCLUSIONS: The cardiometabolic disease risk is increased in NWO. We suggest that exercise interventions (RE, HIIE, and BFR-RE) may effectively prevent cardiometabolic disease risk and alter body composition in NWO. As this has potential implications for exercise interventions in NWO, further investigations are needed to find the optimal exercise for proactive prevention of cardiometabolic risk in NWO.
目的:正常体重肥胖(NWO)的特征是身体质量指数正常，但体脂质量百分比高，骨骼肌质量低，从而增加了心脏代谢功能障碍和发病率的风险。然而，运动干预在降低NWO患者心血管代谢疾病风险方面的作用尚未完全阐明。因此，本综述旨在总结潜在的心脏代谢疾病风险，并提供运动干预对NWO患者心脏代谢疾病风险的积极预防意义。方法:检索并总结NWO患者心脏代谢危险因素的相关文献。此外，我们总结了研究运动干预对NWO心脏代谢危险因素影响的文献。我们使用PubMed、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar数据库进行文献检索。结果:与正常体重相比，NWO与内脏脂肪、异位脂肪、氧化应激、炎症细胞因子、胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常和亚临床动脉粥样硬化增加有关。NWO需要运动干预，诱导身体成分的改变，如降低体脂百分比和增加肌肉质量。阻力运动(RE)和高强度间歇运动(HIIE)可以改善NWO的脂质成分和改变体成分。此外，低强度血流限制阻力运动(BFR-RE)可以增强NWO的肌肉力量和无氧能力。结论:NWO患者发生心脏代谢疾病的风险增加。我们认为运动干预(RE、HIIE和BFR-RE)可能有效预防NWO的心脏代谢疾病风险并改变身体成分。由于这对NWO的运动干预有潜在的影响，需要进一步的研究来找到主动预防NWO心脏代谢风险的最佳运动。
{"title":"Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in Normal Weight Obesity and Exercise Interventions for Proactive Prevention","authors":"Minje Ji, Chaeeun Cho, Sewon Lee","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00318","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Normal weight obesity (NWO) is characterized by a normal body mass index but a high body fat mass percentage and low skeletal muscle mass, thereby increasing the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction and morbidity. However, the effects of exercise intervention in reducing the risk of cardiometabolic disease in NWO have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the potential cardiometabolic disease risk and to provide implications of exercise interventions for the proactive prevention of cardiometabolic disease risk in NWO.METHODS: We searched and summarized the literature on the cardiometabolic risk factors in NWO. In addition, we summarized literature investigating the effects of exercise intervention on the cardiometabolic risk factors in NWO. We performed the literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases.RESULTS: NWO was associated with increased visceral fat, ectopic fat, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with normal weight lean. NWO requires exercise interventions that induce alterations in body composition, such as decreased body fat percentage and increased muscle mass. Resistance exercise (RE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) can improve lipid components and alter body composition in NWO. In addition, low-intensity blood flow restriction resistance exercise (BFR-RE) may enhance muscular strength and anaerobic power in NWO.CONCLUSIONS: The cardiometabolic disease risk is increased in NWO. We suggest that exercise interventions (RE, HIIE, and BFR-RE) may effectively prevent cardiometabolic disease risk and alter body composition in NWO. As this has potential implications for exercise interventions in NWO, further investigations are needed to find the optimal exercise for proactive prevention of cardiometabolic risk in NWO.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47270309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.15857/ksep.2022.00213
Rui Ma, Young-Hoon Kim, Taegyu Kim
PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the effect of 8-week Pilates and core stability exercises on bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of falls in older adult women. METHODS: A total of 49 healthy women over 60 years of age were randomly classified into three groups: Pilates exercise group (PG, n=17), core stability exercise group (CSG, n=17), and control group (CON, n=12). Pilates and core stability exercise programs were applied in each group for 8 weeks. Before and after the two exercise programs, BMD, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti POMA), and balance ability were measured.RESULTS: There were no differences in BMD among the three groups depending on the application of the exercise program. The balance scores of the Tinetti POMA and total Tinetti POMA scores in both the PG and CSG were higher after the 8-week exercise program. In particular, the gait score of the Tinetti POMA in the PG was higher than that in the CSG. Static and dynamic balance abilities improved in both the PG and CSG.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Pilates and core stability exercises can be effective for improving balance ability, leading to the prevention of falls in older adult women.
{"title":"Effect of Pilates and Core Stability Exercise on Bone Mineral Density and Risk of Falls in Elderly Women","authors":"Rui Ma, Young-Hoon Kim, Taegyu Kim","doi":"10.15857/ksep.2022.00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2022.00213","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify the effect of 8-week Pilates and core stability exercises on bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of falls in older adult women. METHODS: A total of 49 healthy women over 60 years of age were randomly classified into three groups: Pilates exercise group (PG, n=17), core stability exercise group (CSG, n=17), and control group (CON, n=12). Pilates and core stability exercise programs were applied in each group for 8 weeks. Before and after the two exercise programs, BMD, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti POMA), and balance ability were measured.RESULTS: There were no differences in BMD among the three groups depending on the application of the exercise program. The balance scores of the Tinetti POMA and total Tinetti POMA scores in both the PG and CSG were higher after the 8-week exercise program. In particular, the gait score of the Tinetti POMA in the PG was higher than that in the CSG. Static and dynamic balance abilities improved in both the PG and CSG.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Pilates and core stability exercises can be effective for improving balance ability, leading to the prevention of falls in older adult women.","PeriodicalId":36291,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46607859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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