Forensic Science International: Reports最新文献_第4页

Alcohol and drug detection rates in road traffic: An international comparison 道路交通中酒精和毒品的检出率：国际比较

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100427

Hallvard Gjerde, Ragnhild Elén Gjulem Jamt

Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is a significant contributing factor to road traffic crashes. Detection rates for alcohol and drugs among drivers in random road traffic have been studied in several countries; this article presents a comprehensive overview of findings in studies conducted from 2010 to 2024. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Search, and the International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference Papers database. We also examined reference lists and citation records. We identified 53 studies, of which 25 studies focused exclusively on alcohol. The studies were conducted across 24 countries. Alcohol was the most frequently detected substance, followed by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Detection rates exhibited variability across jurisdictions; alcohol was most commonly observed in studies conducted in North America and in some low- and middle-income countries, whereas THC and cocaine were most frequently detected in studies from North America, Italy, and Spain. Several countries have implemented effective measures that have led to a significant reduction in the incidence of drink-driving. However, despite the introduction of legal thresholds or zero-tolerance policies for drug-impaired driving, the detection of drugs among drivers has increased in certain regions.

在酒精或药物影响下驾驶是造成道路交通事故的一个重要因素。若干国家对随机道路交通中驾驶员的酒精和毒品检出率进行了研究；本文对2010年至2024年进行的研究结果进行了全面概述。我们检索了PubMed、b谷歌Scholar、谷歌Search和国际酒精、毒品和交通安全会议论文理事会数据库。我们还检查了参考文献列表和引文记录。我们确定了53项研究，其中25项研究专门关注酒精。这些研究在24个国家进行。酒精是最常见的检测物质，其次是四氢大麻酚（THC）。检出率在不同司法管辖区表现出差异；在北美和一些低收入和中等收入国家进行的研究中最常观察到酒精，而在北美、意大利和西班牙进行的研究中最常检测到四氢大麻酚和可卡因。一些国家已采取有效措施，导致酒驾发生率显著降低。然而，尽管对毒品驾驶引入了法律门槛或零容忍政策，但在某些地区，司机中发现的毒品有所增加。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing sex determination in forensic anthropology: A comparative analysis of cranial measurements using artificial neural network 增强法医人类学中的性别测定：使用人工神经网络对颅骨测量的比较分析

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100422

Matheus Jhonnata Santos Mota , Alberto Calson Alves Vieira , Lucas Silva Lima , João Victor Melquiades Sátiro , Carlos Mathias de Menezes Neto , Patrízia Lisieux Prado Paixão , Gabriel Pedro Gonçalves Lopes , Lauro Roberto de Azevedo Setton , Carlos Eduardo de Andrade , Richard Halti Cabral

The increasing reliance on machine learning (ML) techniques in forensic anthropology underscores the imperative to enhance the accuracy and objectivity of sex estimation from skeletal remains. Traditional methods often suffer from subjectivity and variability, prompting a shift towards morphometric approaches for improved precision. In this context, this study aims to identify the most accurate cranial measurements for sex estimation and ascertain the minimum number of variables needed to match the performance of a 12-measure model using a neural network. The objective of this study was to determine the most accurate individual cranial measurements for sex estimation and to identify the minimum number of variables required to achieve comparable accuracy to the 12-measure model using a neural network. Data from 241 skulls from the collection of the Center for Studies in Anatomy and Forensic Anthropology at the University of Tiradentes were used in this study. Twelve measurements were performed. The data were divided into a test group (20 %) and a training group (80 %). Machine learning algorithms were developed using the Python language in the Google Colaboratory environment. The combination of three measurements (biporion, head circumference and opisthocranion-glabella) outperformed the reference linear models and the 12-measure model in the neural network. Biporion isolated in a neural network outperformed 12 measures in logistic regression. Our study adds to the literature a high accuracy with only three measures, reducing the workload for the examiner, in a reproducible and reliable way, using neural networks.

法医人类学越来越依赖机器学习（ML）技术，这凸显了提高骨骼遗骸性别估计的准确性和客观性的必要性。传统的方法往往受到主观性和可变性的影响，促使向提高精度的形态测量方法的转变。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是确定最准确的颅骨测量性别估计，并确定所需的最小变量数，以匹配使用神经网络的12测量模型的性能。本研究的目的是确定用于性别估计的最准确的个体颅骨测量值，并确定使用神经网络实现与12测量模型相当的精度所需的最小变量数。这项研究使用了来自蒂拉滕特斯大学解剖学和法医人类学研究中心收集的241个头骨的数据。进行了12次测量。数据分为试验组（20% %）和训练组（80% %）。机器学习算法是在谷歌协作环境中使用Python语言开发的。三种测量（头围、头围和眉骨）的组合在神经网络中优于参考线性模型和12测量模型。在逻辑回归中，在神经网络中分离的比例优于12种措施。我们的研究增加了文献的高准确性，只有三个措施，减少了审查员的工作量，以可重复和可靠的方式，使用神经网络。

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引用次数: 0

First documented cases of heteropaternal superfecundation in dizygotic twins from the Dominican Republic: A case report 多米尼加共和国异卵双胞胎异父超受精的首例记录病例：一例报告

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100433

Thais Reyes, Rosneld Rivero, Santa Jiménez, Karla Figueroa, Eileen Riego

Heteropaternal superfecundation (HSF) is a rare reproductive event where two ova from the same menstrual cycle are fertilized by sperm from different men. This phenomenon challenges conventional assumptions in paternity testing, particularly for dizygotic (DZ) twins. This report describes the first two documented cases of HSF in the Dominican Republic, identified from a review of 61 DZ twin pairs undergoing kinship analysis. Genetic analysis using autosomal (aSTR) and Y-chromosome (Y-STR) markers confirmed that in both cases—one involving opposite-sex twins and the other same-sex male twins—the twins shared a mother but had different biological fathers. These findings underscore the critical importance of testing both DZ twins individually in all paternity disputes to prevent erroneous legal and social outcomes. This report serves as a guide for forensic and medical professionals facing similar complex kinship scenarios.

异父超受精（HSF）是一种罕见的生殖事件，即来自同一月经周期的两个卵子与来自不同男性的精子受精。这一现象挑战了亲子鉴定的传统假设，特别是对异卵双胞胎（DZ）。本报告描述了多米尼加共和国前两例有记录的HSF病例，它们是在对61对DZ双胞胎进行亲属关系分析后发现的。利用常染色体（aSTR）和y染色体（Y-STR）标记进行的遗传分析证实，在这两种情况下——一个涉及异性双胞胎，另一个涉及同性男性双胞胎——双胞胎共享一个母亲，但有不同的生父。这些发现强调了在所有父权纠纷中对DZ双胞胎进行单独测试的重要性，以防止错误的法律和社会结果。这份报告为面临类似复杂亲属关系情况的法医和医疗专业人员提供了指南。

引用次数: 0

Non-fatal overdose following ingestion of encapsulated pure bromazolam powder: A case report 服用包封的纯溴唑仑粉末后非致死性过量：一例报告

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100432

Adam Bauer , Elva Eir Gretarsdottir , Valthor Asgrimsson , Sigurbergur Karason

Bromazolam is a potent designer benzodiazepine increasingly encountered in forensic and clinical toxicology. Here, a case of non-fatal intoxication involving the ingestion of encapsulated pure bromazolam powder is reported, and, to our knowledge, it resulted in the highest documented bromazolam serum concentration to date. A healthy 20-year-old male was found unresponsive at home and admitted to intensive care. Toxicology confirmed bromazolam as the primary intoxicant, with an initial serum concentration exceeding 5800 ng/mL. The patient required prolonged intubation, and sedation persisted for over ten days despite supportive care and flumazenil administration. Five serum samples collected over 204 h showed declining bromazolam concentrations with an estimated half-life of 31 h. Analytical testing of seized powder at the scene confirmed pure bromazolam content, supporting the conclusion of high-dose exposure. Serum samples were diluted to fit within the method’s linear range, and dilution integrity testing demonstrated accurate bromazolam quantification at these levels. This case underscores the severe toxicological effects of ingesting pure bromazolam, the importance of timely toxicological confirmation in clinical decision-making, and the need for methods to identify novel substances and quantify high-concentration samples.

溴唑仑是一种有效的设计苯二氮卓类药物越来越多地遇到法医和临床毒理学。在这里，报告了一例涉及摄入包封的纯溴唑仑粉末的非致命中毒，据我们所知，它导致了迄今为止最高的溴唑仑血清浓度。一名20岁的健康男性在家中被发现没有反应，并被送入重症监护室。毒理学证实溴唑仑为主要毒物，初始血清浓度超过5800 ng/mL。患者需要延长插管时间，尽管给予支持治疗和氟马西尼，镇静仍持续了十多天。在204 h以上收集的5份血清样品显示溴唑仑浓度下降，估计半衰期为31 h。对现场缴获的粉末进行分析测试，证实其含有纯溴唑仑，支持高剂量暴露的结论。对血清样品进行稀释，使其符合该方法的线性范围，稀释完整性测试证明在这些水平上可以准确地定量溴唑仑。该病例强调了摄入纯溴唑仑的严重毒理学影响，及时进行毒理学确认在临床决策中的重要性，以及鉴定新物质和定量高浓度样品的方法的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Population and forensic genetic data of 27 Y-STR and 12 X-STR loci in four British Isles populations 4个不列颠群岛人群27个Y-STR位点和12个X-STR位点的群体和法医遗传资料

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100438

Sasitaran Iyavoo

This study presents population data for 27 Y-chromosomal STR (Y-STR) loci and 12 X-chromosomal STR (X-STR) loci from 888 unrelated males representing four populations of the British Isles (English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh). Genotyping was performed using the Yfiler Plus and Investigator Argus X-12 QS kits under ISFG-aligned quality control procedures. All four populations exhibited 100 % haplotype diversity for both marker systems, confirming strong discriminatory capacity. Several rare allelic variants were identified, including deletions, insertions, and a tri-allelic pattern among Y-STRs, as well as insertion events at X-STR loci. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed patterns consistent with the physical arrangement of X-STR loci, with marginally significant LD detected within several linkage groups in the English and Irish populations. Based on these results, haplotype-based analyses were conducted using all 886 valid male profiles across the four linkage groups, showing that LG1 and LG4 exhibited the highest discriminatory capacities. Phylogenetic and multidimensional scaling analyses incorporating global reference datasets revealed clear and interpretable patterns of population structure. Y-STR data positioned the British Isles populations within a north-western European paternal cluster, with Irish and Welsh forming a distinct Celtic subgroup. X-STR results showed a close maternal-line relationship between English and German populations consistent with Anglo-Saxon migrations, and a separate Celtic cluster comprising Irish and Welsh, with the Scottish population showing intermediate affinity. Overall, this study provides a robust and forensically relevant dataset reflecting both paternal and maternal genetic diversity across the British Isles, improving the accuracy of forensic identification and kinship analysis.

本研究提供了来自不列颠群岛（英格兰、爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士）四个种群的888名无亲缘关系男性的27个y染色体STR （Y-STR）位点和12个x染色体STR （X-STR）位点的种群数据。使用Yfiler Plus和调查员Argus X-12 QS试剂盒在符合isfg的质量控制程序下进行基因分型。所有4个群体在两种标记系统中均表现出100% %的单倍型多样性，证实了强烈的歧视能力。发现了几个罕见的等位基因变异，包括y - str位点的缺失、插入和三等位基因模式，以及X-STR位点的插入事件。连锁不平衡（LD）分析揭示了与X-STR位点的物理排列一致的模式，在英国和爱尔兰人群的几个连锁群体中检测到边缘显著的LD。在此基础上，对4个连锁群体的886份有效男性基因进行了单倍型分析，结果表明LG1和LG4表现出最高的歧视能力。结合全球参考数据集的系统发育和多维尺度分析揭示了清晰和可解释的种群结构模式。Y-STR数据将不列颠群岛人口定位在西北欧父系群中，爱尔兰人和威尔士人形成了一个独特的凯尔特亚群。X-STR结果显示，与盎格鲁-撒克逊移民一致的英格兰和德国人口之间存在密切的母系关系，以及一个由爱尔兰人和威尔士人组成的独立凯尔特集群，苏格兰人口表现出中间亲缘关系。总体而言，本研究提供了一个强大的法医相关数据集，反映了整个不列颠群岛的父系和母系遗传多样性，提高了法医鉴定和亲属关系分析的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Internal quality assessment and genotyping error investigation in SNP microarray testing: Lessons from the ESWG-ISFG forensic proficiency trial SNP微阵列检测的内部质量评估和基因分型错误调查：来自ESWG-ISFG法医熟练度试验的教训

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100429

Sasitaran Iyavoo , Sharlize Pedroza Matute , Kiera Turvey , Stephen Cummings , Thomas Haizel

In 2024, the English Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ESWG-ISFG) introduced single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping into its annual proficiency trial, providing DNA testing laboratories with their first opportunity to evaluate performance in this area. Twelve laboratories participated using a range of sequencing and microarray platforms. AttoLife Limited, a UKAS-accredited laboratory, contributed results using the Infinium HTS iSelect custom ‘Rita’ microarray containing 4366 SNP markers. Blood samples from a child and alleged father were supplied on FTA cards, extracted with the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, quantified using the Quantifiler Trio kit, and genotyped following the Infinium HTS protocol with GenomeStudio analysis. SNP call rates exceeded 99 % (excluding Y-SNPs in the female child), confirming high-quality data. Three discrepancies were identified, rs10108270 in both samples and rs10513300 in the child, which subsequent Sanger sequencing attributed to probe-binding site variation and potential copy number imbalance. These findings illustrate the value of proficiency testing in detecting locus-specific challenges, reinforce the need for cautious interpretation of uncertain results, and highlight the importance of cross-platform comparison to strengthen confidence in forensic SNP genotyping.

2024年，国际法医遗传学学会英语工作组（ESWG-ISFG）将单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基因分型引入其年度熟练度试验，为DNA测试实验室提供了第一次评估该领域表现的机会。12个实验室使用一系列测序和微阵列平台参与了这项研究。AttoLife有限公司是ukas认可的实验室，使用Infinium HTS iSelect定制“Rita”微阵列提供了包含4366个SNP标记的结果。儿童和疑似父亲的血液样本放在FTA卡上，用QIAamp DNA Mini Kit提取，使用Quantifiler Trio试剂盒定量，并根据Infinium HTS协议与GenomeStudio分析进行基因分型。SNP呼叫率超过99% %（不包括女性儿童的y -SNP），证实了高质量的数据。发现了三个差异，两个样本中的rs10108270和孩子中的rs10513300，随后的Sanger测序将其归因于探针结合位点变异和潜在的拷贝数失衡。这些发现说明了熟练程度测试在检测基因座特异性挑战方面的价值，强调了对不确定结果谨慎解释的必要性，并强调了跨平台比较对增强法医SNP基因分型信心的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

A proof-of-concept study into turmeric spice as an improvised fluorescent latent fingermark detection powder for limited resource jurisdictions 姜黄香料作为一种临时荧光潜在手印检测粉末的概念验证研究

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100413

Thais Lópes , Maame Gyamfuah Buckman , Georgina Sauzier , Rodrigo M. Barros , Simon W. Lewis

Latent fingermarks are a crucial form of physical evidence for crime scene investigations; however, limited-resource jurisdictions, such as some states in Brazil, face challenges in identifying fingermarks due to lower access to commercial fingermark developers. The study of unconventional and alternative techniques for fingermark detection that are low-cost, easily available, and sustainable in line with the UN SDGs presents great value for under-resourced jurisdictions. Household items and easily available materials such as spices fit perfectly in such contexts as improvised fingermark powders. Turmeric is a globally accessible culinary spice which contains high levels of the fluorescent compound curcumin. This research reports for the first time the application of turmeric spice powder as fluorescent dusting powder for latent fingermark detection. Turmeric spice powders from different sources were evaluated for their performance as dusting powders and were subsequently characterised by optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. All turmeric powders exhibited high fluorescence intensities and were demonstrated to be suitable as fluorescent fingermark powders without further processing, though specimens with homogeneous particle size distribution and pure turmeric composition performed better. These preliminary results indicate that turmeric is a suitable fingermark powder without further modification and is a potential alternative to commercial powders for jurisdictions with limited resources.

潜在的手印是犯罪现场调查的重要物证。然而，资源有限的司法管辖区，如巴西的一些州，在识别指纹方面面临着挑战，因为很难接触到商业指纹开发商。研究低成本、容易获得、可持续的符合联合国可持续发展目标的非常规和替代指纹检测技术，对资源不足的司法管辖区具有巨大价值。家庭用品和容易获得的材料，如香料，非常适合这种情况下，如临时手印粉。姜黄是一种全球通用的烹饪香料，它含有高水平的荧光化合物姜黄素。本研究首次报道了姜黄香料粉作为荧光粉尘粉在潜在手印检测中的应用。研究了不同来源的姜黄香料粉末的除尘性能，并用光学显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和荧光分光光度法对其进行了表征。所有姜黄粉均表现出高荧光强度，无需进一步处理即可作为荧光手印粉，但粒度分布均匀且成分纯的姜黄粉表现更好。这些初步结果表明，姜黄是一种合适的手印粉，无需进一步改性，在资源有限的司法管辖区是一种潜在的商业粉末替代品。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of tooth loss on sexual dimorphism of South African mandible using geometric morphometrics 用几何形态计量学研究南非下颌骨牙齿脱落对两性异形的影响

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100421

Tshegofatso Ramphaleng , Brendon Billings , Jason Hemingway

The human mandible is one of several sexually dimorphic bones and provides moderate to high accuracy in the estimation of sex during forensic application. Mandibular morphology changes in response to aging and tooth loss and few studies have considered the effect of these factors on sex estimation. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of tooth loss on the accuracy of estimating the sex of the mandible. The sample includes 196 mandibles of South African Black people of African descent. Seventy-nine mandibles had full dentition and 117 had various degrees of tooth loss. Fixed and semi-sliding 3D landmarks were used to outline non-alveolar mandibular morphology. The alveolar region was scored for the presence or absence of antemortem tooth loss. Two-sample permutation tests assessed the presence of sexual dimorphism and discriminant analysis was used to illustrate sexual dimorphism and to estimate the accuracy of sex allocations. Mandibles with full dentition and tooth loss had higher sex allocation accuracies, but the difference was greater among those with tooth loss than observed in fully dentate mandibles. Males displayed a broader mandibular arch, ramus flexure, ante-gonial notches, and longer coronoid processes compared to females in both the dentate and edentate mandibles. The accuracy of sex estimation was comparable between the tooth loss sample (86.8 %) and the full dentition sample (85.4 %). Thus, mandibles with tooth loss exhibit sufficient sexual dimorphism to estimate sex accurately using both qualitative and quantitative methods in a South African population. (231)

人类下颌骨是几种性别二态骨之一，在法医应用中提供了中等到高的性别估计精度。下颌形态的变化是对衰老和牙齿脱落的反应，很少有研究考虑这些因素对性别估计的影响。本研究的目的是评估牙齿脱落对估计下颌骨性别准确性的影响。该样本包括196个非洲裔南非黑人的下颌骨。79个下颌骨牙列完整，117个有不同程度的牙齿脱落。使用固定和半滑动的三维地标来勾勒非牙槽状下颌形态。对死前牙齿脱落的存在与否进行牙槽区评分。双样本排列试验评估性别二态性的存在，判别分析用于说明性别二态性和估计性别分配的准确性。全牙列和缺牙的下颌骨性别分配的准确性较高，但缺牙组的差异大于全牙列的下颌骨。与女性相比，在有齿和无齿的下颌骨中，男性表现出更宽的下颌弓，分支弯曲，前角凹痕和更长的冠突。牙齿缺失样本（86.8 %）和全牙列样本（85.4 %）的性别估计准确率相当。因此，在南非人口中，牙齿脱落的下颌骨表现出足够的性别二态性，可以使用定性和定量方法准确地估计性别。(231)

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引用次数: 0

Establishment of performance parameters for the Qubit™ 1X dsDNA HS Assay for use in forensic genetics casework 建立用于法医遗传学案例工作的Qubit™1X dsDNA HS测定的性能参数

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100405

Adele Lauren Kaleigh Naidoo , Donna-Lee Pamela Martin , Laura Jane Heathfield

Next generation sequencing is being more regularly used in forensic casework, particularly for post-mortem genetic analyses in sudden unexpected death cases. Accurate quantification of DNA and associated sequencing libraries is essential, however, no validation studies have been published on the recommended fluorometric quantification methods. The aim of this study was to optimise and internally validate the Qubit™ 1X dsDNA HS Assay Kit on the Qubit™ 4 Fluorometer as part of a molecular autopsy workflow for forensic applications. An optimised working solution equilibration period, sample incubation time and dilution medium were established. The optimised workflow was then used to assess the DNA concentration of control Lambda DNA, DNA extracted from forensic samples and sequencing libraries. The accuracy, precision, dynamic range, and sensitivity were established in accordance with ISO 17025 standards. All parameters met the manufacturer’s criteria of acceptance except for the precision of measurements for samples with DNA concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 ng/µl, which were expected to have less than 1 % CV. The precision of the measurements (1.2–2.44 % CV), however, was deemed acceptable for our laboratory, as downstream DNA sequencing results surpassed quality thresholds. Additionally, precision between operators was poor. This study has advanced our progression towards implementing a molecular autopsy sequencing workflow in South Africa and provides the first performance parameters for the Qubit™ 1X dsDNA HS Assay Kit which may be useful for other laboratories.

下一代测序更经常地用于法医案件工作，特别是用于突然意外死亡案件的死后基因分析。准确的DNA定量和相关的测序文库是必不可少的，然而，没有关于推荐的荧光定量方法的验证研究发表。本研究的目的是优化和内部验证Qubit™1X dsDNA HS检测试剂盒在Qubit™4荧光仪上作为法医应用分子尸检工作流程的一部分。确定了最佳的工作溶液平衡周期、样品孵育时间和稀释介质。然后使用优化的工作流程来评估对照Lambda DNA、从法医样本和测序库中提取的DNA的DNA浓度。准确度、精密度、动态范围和灵敏度按照ISO 17025标准建立。除了DNA浓度大于或等于0.5 ng/µl的样品的测量精度外，所有参数均符合制造商的验收标准，其预期CV小于1 %。然而，我们的实验室认为测量精度（1.2-2.44 % CV）是可以接受的，因为下游DNA测序结果超过了质量阈值。此外，运算符之间的精度较差。这项研究推动了我们在南非实施分子尸检测序工作流程的进展，并为Qubit™1X dsDNA HS检测试剂盒提供了第一个性能参数，这可能对其他实验室有用。

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引用次数: 0

Non-destructive sampling of poison frogs for toxin analysis in forensic casework 法医案件中毒蛙毒素分析的无损取样

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100414

Irene Kuiper, Aleksandar Dragutinovic, Leo Peschier, Rene de Bruyn

Poison frogs is the common name for several genera of frogs which occur naturally in Central- and South-America, Australia and Madagascar and which contain a wide variety of toxins. Their colourful appearance and minute size resulted in their extraction from their natural habitat for illegal trade, threatening population sizes. In order to fight this illegal trade, the poison frog’s ability to excrete environmentally acquired toxins via their skin can be used in criminal investigations. Since the frogs are not able to produce the toxins de novo, these alkaloid toxins have ultimately originated from their environment and are excreted through the skin, especially when stressed. Due to the reliance on a toxin-containing food source, we show that the presence of toxins in poison frogs can be used to distinguish between captive breeding and wild-capture in actual forensic case work. We describe the application of a gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis on non-destructively derived samples from living frogs in five seizures, the biological interpretation of presence and absence of toxins and the criminalistic interpretation of the findings given propositions of both the prosecutor and the defendant.

毒蛙是几种天然存在于中南美洲、澳大利亚和马达加斯加的蛙类的统称，它们含有各种各样的毒素。它们鲜艳的外表和微小的体型导致它们从自然栖息地被非法交易，威胁到它们的种群规模。为了打击这种非法贸易，毒蛙通过皮肤分泌环境获得毒素的能力可以用于刑事调查。由于青蛙不能从头产生毒素，这些生物碱毒素最终来自它们的环境，并通过皮肤排出，尤其是在受到压力的时候。由于依赖于含毒素的食物来源，我们表明毒素在毒蛙中的存在可以用来区分圈养繁殖和野生捕获在实际的法医案件工作。我们描述了气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析在五次缉获中对活青蛙的非破坏性衍生样品的应用，毒素存在和不存在的生物学解释以及检察官和被告给出的命题的调查结果的刑事解释。

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引用次数: 0