Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100396
Erica L. Romsos , Lilliana I. Moreno , Douglas R. Hares
Identical sensitivity and mixture sample sets were provided to six external laboratories to evaluate the recent enhancements to the Rapid DNA technology for crime scene-type samples. Data were returned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for review and analysis. Manual interpretation (modified Rapid DNA analysis) was conducted on all samples to assess the success of genotyping for both full profiles and the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci using 18 total cellular DNA input amounts ranging from 102.4 ng to 0.025 ng. Two-person and three-person mixtures at varying ratios for two total DNA inputs were analyzed and observed allele percentages were compared to expected allele percentages.
{"title":"Results of the 2023 rapid DNA multi-laboratory study – RapidINTEL Plus sample cartridge","authors":"Erica L. Romsos , Lilliana I. Moreno , Douglas R. Hares","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identical sensitivity and mixture sample sets were provided to six external laboratories to evaluate the recent enhancements to the Rapid DNA technology for crime scene-type samples. Data were returned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for review and analysis. Manual interpretation (modified Rapid DNA analysis) was conducted on all samples to assess the success of genotyping for both full profiles and the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci using 18 total cellular DNA input amounts ranging from 102.4 ng to 0.025 ng. Two-person and three-person mixtures at varying ratios for two total DNA inputs were analyzed and observed allele percentages were compared to expected allele percentages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100395
Erica L. Romsos , Lilliana I. Moreno , Douglas R. Hares
Identical sensitivity and mixture sample sets were provided to six external laboratories to evaluate the recent enhancements to the Rapid DNA technology for crime scene-type samples. Data were returned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for review and analysis. Manual interpretation (modified Rapid DNA analysis) was conducted on all samples to assess the success of genotyping for both full profiles and the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci using 18 total cellular DNA input amounts ranging from 102.4 ng to 0.025 ng. Two-person and three-person mixtures at varying ratios for two total DNA inputs were analyzed and observed allele percentages were compared to expected allele percentages.
{"title":"Results of the 2023 rapid DNA multi-laboratory study – I-Chip","authors":"Erica L. Romsos , Lilliana I. Moreno , Douglas R. Hares","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identical sensitivity and mixture sample sets were provided to six external laboratories to evaluate the recent enhancements to the Rapid DNA technology for crime scene-type samples. Data were returned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for review and analysis. Manual interpretation (modified Rapid DNA analysis) was conducted on all samples to assess the success of genotyping for both full profiles and the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci using 18 total cellular DNA input amounts ranging from 102.4 ng to 0.025 ng. Two-person and three-person mixtures at varying ratios for two total DNA inputs were analyzed and observed allele percentages were compared to expected allele percentages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100398
Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová , Nikola Pravdíková , Kateřina Čápová , Jaroslava Frouzová , Kristýna Hebenstreitová , Kateřina Jandová , Jaroslav Kukla , Eliška Rajmonová , Ondřej Salaba , Ivo Světlík , Dominik Šmok , Jakub Trubač , Jitka Kufnerová
The international trade in animals and their parts is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Legal trade in wild animals and their derivatives is based on sustainable practices, ensuring that specimens are taken in quantities that do not threaten population stability. Unregulated or illegal international trade can jeopardise the survival of certain species by depleting wild populations. Forensic analysis is crucial in distinguishing between legal and illegal trade, particularly by determining the geographical origin or age of a specimen through methods such as stable isotope and radiocarbon analysis. The tanning process, which converts mammalian raw hides into valuable fur skins, involves the use of aggressive chemical reagents. These reagents, if absorbed by the hair or skin, can alter the original isotopic signatures, complicating forensic efforts. The extent of these alterations is not yet fully understood. The novelty of our approach lies in the fact that, for the first time, we have measured the step-by-step changes in isotopic composition throughout each individual phase of the tanning process. Previous studies have typically focused only on raw hides and final products. Additionally, we compared different tanning methods applied to a single hide. Using a leopard skin, we documented potential isotopic shifts in 14C, 2H, 18O, 15N and 13C during the tanning process, employing accelerated mass spectrometry and stable isotope mass spectrometry. Our preliminary findings suggest that the tanning process induces slight shifts in both stable and radioactive isotope ratios.
{"title":"Effect of leather tanning process on stable isotopes and radiocarbon in tissues of Persian leopard: Preliminary results","authors":"Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová , Nikola Pravdíková , Kateřina Čápová , Jaroslava Frouzová , Kristýna Hebenstreitová , Kateřina Jandová , Jaroslav Kukla , Eliška Rajmonová , Ondřej Salaba , Ivo Světlík , Dominik Šmok , Jakub Trubač , Jitka Kufnerová","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The international trade in animals and their parts is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Legal trade in wild animals and their derivatives is based on sustainable practices, ensuring that specimens are taken in quantities that do not threaten population stability. Unregulated or illegal international trade can jeopardise the survival of certain species by depleting wild populations. Forensic analysis is crucial in distinguishing between legal and illegal trade, particularly by determining the geographical origin or age of a specimen through methods such as stable isotope and radiocarbon analysis. The tanning process, which converts mammalian raw hides into valuable fur skins, involves the use of aggressive chemical reagents. These reagents, if absorbed by the hair or skin, can alter the original isotopic signatures, complicating forensic efforts. The extent of these alterations is not yet fully understood. The novelty of our approach lies in the fact that, for the first time, we have measured the step-by-step changes in isotopic composition throughout each individual phase of the tanning process. Previous studies have typically focused only on raw hides and final products. Additionally, we compared different tanning methods applied to a single hide. Using a leopard skin, we documented potential isotopic shifts in <sup>14</sup>C, <sup>2</sup>H, <sup>18</sup>O, <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>13</sup>C during the tanning process, employing accelerated mass spectrometry and stable isotope mass spectrometry. Our preliminary findings suggest that the tanning process induces slight shifts in both stable and radioactive isotope ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The context of past conflicts, especially World War I or World War II, is treated differently in various countries. In France, the discovery of military human remains falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of the Armed Forces. Collaborations between the Ministry and national Universities allow for interdisciplinary studies that meet international scientific standards. This case report highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to achieve the identification of skeletonized individuals. An abandoned grave vault in a small town of Nièvre, central-east France, uncovered three skeletons associated with militaria. Initially, the remains were believed to belong to three Senegalese Riflemen executed nearby in 1940, but some of the evidence appeared contradictory. The aim of this study is to determine whether these three skeletons were the three Senegalese Riflemen or other individuals. Through an interdisciplinary approach, combining the position of the bodies in the vault, anthropological analysis of the human remains, and archival research, it was determined that the three bodies belonged to the same family. The remains were those of an illegally repatriated body of a soldier from the battlefields of WW1, together with his parents. It is suggested that they illegally repatriated him from the battlefield/cemetery and then buried him in the family vault, and later, when the parents passed away, they were also buried alongside him. This case illustrates the profound violence of the First World War and the many family losses.
Simple summary
The identities of three skeletons discovered buried together in a graveyard were investigated due to the presence of militaria artefacts associated with one of them, revealing a rare case of illegal World War I fallen soldier familial repatriation.
{"title":"Forensic archaeology and illegal familial repatriation and burial of a fallen WW1 soldier, Nièvre, central-east France","authors":"Marine MEUCCI DULY , Caroline Costedoat , Julien Fargettas , Emeline Verna","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The context of past conflicts, especially World War I or World War II, is treated differently in various countries. In France, the discovery of military human remains falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of the Armed Forces. Collaborations between the Ministry and national Universities allow for interdisciplinary studies that meet international scientific standards. This case report highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to achieve the identification of skeletonized individuals. An abandoned grave vault in a small town of Nièvre, central-east France, uncovered three skeletons associated with <em>militaria</em>. Initially, the remains were believed to belong to three Senegalese Riflemen executed nearby in 1940, but some of the evidence appeared contradictory. The aim of this study is to determine whether these three skeletons were the three Senegalese Riflemen or other individuals. Through an interdisciplinary approach, combining the position of the bodies in the vault, anthropological analysis of the human remains, and archival research, it was determined that the three bodies belonged to the same family. The remains were those of an illegally repatriated body of a soldier from the battlefields of WW1, together with his parents. It is suggested that they illegally repatriated him from the battlefield/cemetery and then buried him in the family vault, and later, when the parents passed away, they were also buried alongside him. This case illustrates the profound violence of the First World War and the many family losses.</div></div><div><h3>Simple summary</h3><div>The identities of three skeletons discovered buried together in a graveyard were investigated due to the presence of <em>militaria artefacts associated with one of them, revealing a rare case of illegal World War I fallen soldier familial repatriation.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100394
Dylan J. Drazdik , David M. Hammond , Travis J. Worst , Crystal M. Oechsle
Because bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) on absorbent surfaces, such as fabrics, is far more complex than its application on hard, nonporous surfaces, pattern type may be interpreted differently between fabric substrates and by analysts with more or less experience. Four bloodstain pattern types (impact spatter, transfer, drip stains, and cast-off) were created on seven fabrics (cotton, satin polyester, rayon, blended polyester/spandex, blended nylon/spandex, blended modal/polyester/spandex, and terry cloth), foamboard, or butcher paper and then photographed. A survey questionnaire that asked respondents to classify 16 patterns as to general pattern type, specific pattern type, and directionality was developed and disseminated among bloodstain pattern analysts. Respondents (n = 32, divided into five experience levels) classified the bloodstains differently based upon amounts of training and experience, the pattern type, and the substrate type. The ability to accurately classify the specific pattern type overall (p-value < 0.0002) as wells as on fabric (p-value < 0.001) was dependent upon respondent experience level. The more experienced respondents were less likely to specifically classify patterns than the less experienced respondents (p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the ability to accurately classify the specific pattern type was dependent upon whether the pattern had been created on fabric or some other substrate (p-value < 0.0000000001). However, if the proper morphology was present in the stain, it was found that BPA on certain fabrics was possible. This finding supports the need for further research and the development of guidelines and standards for bloodstain pattern analysis on fabric materials.
{"title":"Survey of bloodstain pattern analysts regarding pattern classifications on assorted fabrics","authors":"Dylan J. Drazdik , David M. Hammond , Travis J. Worst , Crystal M. Oechsle","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) on absorbent surfaces, such as fabrics, is far more complex than its application on hard, nonporous surfaces, pattern type may be interpreted differently between fabric substrates and by analysts with more or less experience. Four bloodstain pattern types (impact spatter, transfer, drip stains, and cast-off) were created on seven fabrics (cotton, satin polyester, rayon, blended polyester/spandex, blended nylon/spandex, blended modal/polyester/spandex, and terry cloth), foamboard, or butcher paper and then photographed. A survey questionnaire that asked respondents to classify 16 patterns as to general pattern type, specific pattern type, and directionality was developed and disseminated among bloodstain pattern analysts. Respondents (n = 32, divided into five experience levels) classified the bloodstains differently based upon amounts of training and experience, the pattern type, and the substrate type. The ability to accurately classify the specific pattern type overall (p-value < 0.0002) as wells as on fabric (p-value < 0.001) was dependent upon respondent experience level. The more experienced respondents were less likely to specifically classify patterns than the less experienced respondents (p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the ability to accurately classify the specific pattern type was dependent upon whether the pattern had been created on fabric or some other substrate (p-value < 0.0000000001). However, if the proper morphology was present in the stain, it was found that BPA on certain fabrics was possible. This finding supports the need for further research and the development of guidelines and standards for bloodstain pattern analysis on fabric materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100393
Rawad Qaq , Scheila Mânica , Sean McAleer
Locating and identifying missing persons is crucial to protecting human rights and rebuilding war-torn countries like Syria. Biological identity primarily relies on DNA, fingerprints, or dentition. However, post-conflict countries with high deaths, limited databases, insufficient resources, and a reduced or a lack of forensic expertise make this effort more challenging. Teeth are a practical and cost-effective means to identify human remains, particularly when acceptable dental records are available. Still, the application of comparative dental analysis in conflict scenarios needs to be more explored.
A survey study in Syria examined whether post-conflict countries could employ comparative dental identification of missing individuals. The attitudes and perceptions of four groups (the public and dentists, forensic odontologists, dental schools, and the Syrian Dental Association) were determined using questionnaires and analysed for the first two groups. Most respondents (>90 %) indicated that addressing disappearance is crucial for post-conflict reconstruction and considered it unachievable without international support and only 20 % had confidence in this support. Issues hindering human identification reported by a high percentage of dentists and forensic odontologists and included education in Forensic Odontology (92 %), expertise in the field (70 %), awareness (90 %), the availability of antemortem records (92.3 %) and political and security influence (50 %). Responses from over 80 % of the public, 50 % of the dentists and 92 % of the forensic odontologists indicated that comparative dental identification in Syria may not be feasible.
The results of this study provide strong evidence of the challenges in identifying missing persons using teeth in developing nations, particularly those affected by conflicts. They include the lack of antemortem records and forensic expertise. The international community is urged to support post-conflict nations including Syria.
{"title":"Missing persons of post-conflict countries: Assessing dental identification through a questionnaire-based study in Syria","authors":"Rawad Qaq , Scheila Mânica , Sean McAleer","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Locating and identifying missing persons is crucial to protecting human rights and rebuilding war-torn countries like Syria. Biological identity primarily relies on DNA, fingerprints, or dentition. However, post-conflict countries with high deaths, limited databases, insufficient resources, and a reduced or a lack of forensic expertise make this effort more challenging. Teeth are a practical and cost-effective means to identify human remains, particularly when acceptable dental records are available. Still, the application of comparative dental analysis in conflict scenarios needs to be more explored.</div><div>A survey study in Syria examined whether post-conflict countries could employ comparative dental identification of missing individuals. The attitudes and perceptions of four groups (the public and dentists, forensic odontologists, dental schools, and the Syrian Dental Association) were determined using questionnaires and analysed for the first two groups. Most respondents (>90 %) indicated that addressing disappearance is crucial for post-conflict reconstruction and considered it unachievable without international support and only 20 % had confidence in this support. Issues hindering human identification reported by a high percentage of dentists and forensic odontologists and included education in Forensic Odontology (92 %), expertise in the field (70 %), awareness (90 %), the availability of <em>antemortem</em> records (92.3 %) and political and security influence (50 %). Responses from over 80 % of the public, 50 % of the dentists and 92 % of the forensic odontologists indicated that comparative dental identification in Syria may not be feasible.</div><div>The results of this study provide strong evidence of the challenges in identifying missing persons using teeth in developing nations, particularly those affected by conflicts. They include the lack of <em>antemortem</em> records and forensic expertise. The international community is urged to support post-conflict nations including Syria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100391
Nicholas Marsh , Karen Marsh , Lisa Hall , Ruth Buckley , Stephen Bleay
This study reviewed the efficacy of non-contact light source examinations of serious crime scenes using ultraviolet A (UVA) light, bespoke white light and lasers, compared with subsequent powdering or chemical enhancements. Twenty-six examinations of serious crime scenes or motor vehicles were analysed, from which 655 areas of retrieved fingermark or friction ridge detail1 where reported on. It was found that undertaking a light source examination revealed equivalent numbers of marks to aluminium powder and chemical enhancements, with only a 4 % duplication rate between optical and physical/chemical techniques suggesting that both approaches are supplementary and should be used sequentially to each other.
本研究审查了使用紫外线 A (UVA)、定制白光和激光对严重犯罪现场进行非接触式光源检查的效果，并与随后的粉末处理或化学强化进行了比较。对 26 个严重犯罪现场或机动车辆进行了分析，从中报告了 655 个区域的指痕或摩擦纹细节1。结果发现，光源检查所发现的痕迹数量与铝粉和化学增强技术相当，光学技术和物理/化学技术的重复率仅为 4%，这表明这两种方法都是辅助性的，应依次使用。
{"title":"Technical Report A light touch; Reviewing the relative effectiveness of light sources and physical/chemical techniques for fingermark retrieval in casework","authors":"Nicholas Marsh , Karen Marsh , Lisa Hall , Ruth Buckley , Stephen Bleay","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reviewed the efficacy of non-contact light source examinations of serious crime scenes using ultraviolet A (UVA) light, bespoke white light and lasers, compared with subsequent powdering or chemical enhancements. Twenty-six examinations of serious crime scenes or motor vehicles were analysed, from which 655 areas of retrieved fingermark or friction ridge detail<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> where reported on. It was found that undertaking a light source examination revealed equivalent numbers of marks to aluminium powder and chemical enhancements, with only a 4 % duplication rate between optical and physical/chemical techniques suggesting that both approaches are supplementary and should be used sequentially to each other.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100392
Michelle G. Carlin , Nicola Grimaldi
A painting depicting St John the Baptist prior to his brutal execution, until recently, was held in storage at the Bowes Museum in the North of England, UK. Owing to weakened joins in the wood panel the painting was marked for art conservation treatments, examination and analysis. However, other than the fact that the records show it purchased in Italy in the late nineteenth century by museum founders John and Joséphine Bowes, little else is known of the work. Through a combination of chemical testing and technical art history, further knowledge of the painting has been established. Preparation of cross sections of paint was carried out, as well as chemical testing involving pyrolysis gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) and attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), lead white, chalk and linseed oil as binder were identified. The presence of an aged natural resin on the surface of the painting, presence of a thick gesso ground layer, as well as examination of the wood panel construction provided insight into the techniques used in the artwork and that they are comparable with late Medieval to early Renaissance period methods. During examination of the cross-section images, it was noted that there was a second preparatory ground layer in the central part of the sequence; this feature prompted further multi-spectral photography and analysis. X-radiography a commonly used technique for painting analysis surprisingly revealed an entirely different image depicting a nativity scene which had been previously completely concealed by the painting of St John we see today. Although an unexpected discovery still presents some unanswered questions such as who the original artist was and why was the panel so radically reworked. This investigation began with the depiction of the imminent death of the St John the Baptist and ended with the virgin birth. This analytical methodology was applied in technical art history but may also have applications in forensic investigations of suspected fraudulent works of art.
{"title":"From death to the Virgin birth: Multi-analytical investigation of a suspected 16th century painting","authors":"Michelle G. Carlin , Nicola Grimaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A painting depicting St John the Baptist prior to his brutal execution, until recently, was held in storage at the Bowes Museum in the North of England, UK. Owing to weakened joins in the wood panel the painting was marked for art conservation treatments, examination and analysis. However, other than the fact that the records show it purchased in Italy in the late nineteenth century by museum founders John and Joséphine Bowes, little else is known of the work. Through a combination of chemical testing and technical art history, further knowledge of the painting has been established. Preparation of cross sections of paint was carried out, as well as chemical testing involving pyrolysis gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) and attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), lead white, chalk and linseed oil as binder were identified. The presence of an aged natural resin on the surface of the painting, presence of a thick gesso ground layer, as well as examination of the wood panel construction provided insight into the techniques used in the artwork and that they are comparable with late Medieval to early Renaissance period methods. During examination of the cross-section images, it was noted that there was a second preparatory ground layer in the central part of the sequence; this feature prompted further multi-spectral photography and analysis. X-radiography a commonly used technique for painting analysis surprisingly revealed an entirely different image depicting a nativity scene which had been previously completely concealed by the painting of St John we see today. Although an unexpected discovery still presents some unanswered questions such as who the original artist was and why was the panel so radically reworked. This investigation began with the depiction of the imminent death of the St John the Baptist and ended with the virgin birth. This analytical methodology was applied in technical art history but may also have applications in forensic investigations of suspected fraudulent works of art.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100390
Emanuele Capasso, Gaetano Di Donna, Roberto Cortese, Verdiana De Caro, Fabio Policino
We present the case of a 54 years old man who was found in a state of confusion and a forehead wound. Transported to the closest E.R., a brain CT scan showed massive subarachnoid hemorrhage and an angiographic exam showed a ruptured aneurysm of the cavernous siphon. Death occurred 4 days after admission. The autopsy showed the presence of a linear wound on the forehead which was considered a sharp force injury. The aneurysm rupture was therefore considered as a consequence of the head trauma associated to the frontal wound. In the medico-legal analysis of the case primary importance was given to the distinction between potential homicide, suicide or accident. In the end, based on the morphological features of the forehead wound, this case was defined as of potentially homicidal nature, so that the responsible of stab wound should be considered accountable for the man’s death.
{"title":"Medico-legal analysis of the correlation between head trauma and aneurysm rupture: A case report","authors":"Emanuele Capasso, Gaetano Di Donna, Roberto Cortese, Verdiana De Caro, Fabio Policino","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the case of a 54 years old man who was found in a state of confusion and a forehead wound. Transported to the closest E.R., a brain CT scan showed massive subarachnoid hemorrhage and an angiographic exam showed a ruptured aneurysm of the cavernous siphon. Death occurred 4 days after admission. The autopsy showed the presence of a linear wound on the forehead which was considered a sharp force injury. The aneurysm rupture was therefore considered as a consequence of the head trauma associated to the frontal wound. In the medico-legal analysis of the case primary importance was given to the distinction between potential homicide, suicide or accident. In the end, based on the morphological features of the forehead wound, this case was defined as of potentially homicidal nature, so that the responsible of stab wound should be considered accountable for the man’s death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In medical schools, the foundational subject of human anatomy usually requires the medical students to procure a set of human bones, either real or artificial, for comprehensive understanding of the human body. The proper maintenance and disposal of these human remains is the responsibility of the students and the institutions possessing the remains. Improper disposal of human remains can have far-reaching implications, including ethical, legal, public health, environmental, social, and psychological consequences. We present a case of a human skull used for medical studies found dumped in a garbage, leading to unnecessary investigation by the law authorities. The case brings to light the need for including ethical disposal of academic human skeletons at the beginning of the medical curriculum. The authors also discuss in detail the various legal provisions and cultural practices of disposal of human remains in the Indian scenario.
{"title":"Management and disposal of human remains acquired for medical education – A forensic perspective","authors":"Neelkamal Battu , Rutuja Kanekar , Siddharth Sawardekar , Girish Tasgaonkar, Vikrant Waghmare","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In medical schools, the foundational subject of human anatomy usually requires the medical students to procure a set of human bones, either real or artificial, for comprehensive understanding of the human body. The proper maintenance and disposal of these human remains is the responsibility of the students and the institutions possessing the remains. Improper disposal of human remains can have far-reaching implications, including ethical, legal, public health, environmental, social, and psychological consequences. We present a case of a human skull used for medical studies found dumped in a garbage, leading to unnecessary investigation by the law authorities. The case brings to light the need for including ethical disposal of academic human skeletons at the beginning of the medical curriculum. The authors also discuss in detail the various legal provisions and cultural practices of disposal of human remains in the Indian scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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