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Establishment of performance parameters for the Qubit™ 1X dsDNA HS Assay for use in forensic genetics casework 建立用于法医遗传学案例工作的Qubit™1X dsDNA HS测定的性能参数
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100405
Adele Lauren Kaleigh Naidoo , Donna-Lee Pamela Martin , Laura Jane Heathfield
Next generation sequencing is being more regularly used in forensic casework, particularly for post-mortem genetic analyses in sudden unexpected death cases. Accurate quantification of DNA and associated sequencing libraries is essential, however, no validation studies have been published on the recommended fluorometric quantification methods. The aim of this study was to optimise and internally validate the Qubit™ 1X dsDNA HS Assay Kit on the Qubit™ 4 Fluorometer as part of a molecular autopsy workflow for forensic applications. An optimised working solution equilibration period, sample incubation time and dilution medium were established. The optimised workflow was then used to assess the DNA concentration of control Lambda DNA, DNA extracted from forensic samples and sequencing libraries. The accuracy, precision, dynamic range, and sensitivity were established in accordance with ISO 17025 standards. All parameters met the manufacturer’s criteria of acceptance except for the precision of measurements for samples with DNA concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 ng/µl, which were expected to have less than 1 % CV. The precision of the measurements (1.2–2.44 % CV), however, was deemed acceptable for our laboratory, as downstream DNA sequencing results surpassed quality thresholds. Additionally, precision between operators was poor. This study has advanced our progression towards implementing a molecular autopsy sequencing workflow in South Africa and provides the first performance parameters for the Qubit™ 1X dsDNA HS Assay Kit which may be useful for other laboratories.
下一代测序更经常地用于法医案件工作,特别是用于突然意外死亡案件的死后基因分析。准确的DNA定量和相关的测序文库是必不可少的,然而,没有关于推荐的荧光定量方法的验证研究发表。本研究的目的是优化和内部验证Qubit™1X dsDNA HS检测试剂盒在Qubit™4荧光仪上作为法医应用分子尸检工作流程的一部分。确定了最佳的工作溶液平衡周期、样品孵育时间和稀释介质。然后使用优化的工作流程来评估对照Lambda DNA、从法医样本和测序库中提取的DNA的DNA浓度。准确度、精密度、动态范围和灵敏度按照ISO 17025标准建立。除了DNA浓度大于或等于0.5 ng/µl的样品的测量精度外,所有参数均符合制造商的验收标准,其预期CV小于1 %。然而,我们的实验室认为测量精度(1.2-2.44 % CV)是可以接受的,因为下游DNA测序结果超过了质量阈值。此外,运算符之间的精度较差。这项研究推动了我们在南非实施分子尸检测序工作流程的进展,并为Qubit™1X dsDNA HS检测试剂盒提供了第一个性能参数,这可能对其他实验室有用。
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引用次数: 0
Cold case report: Geoforensic brownfield site search for murder victim based on prison informant lead 悬案报告:根据监狱线人的线索,法医在棕地搜索谋杀受害者
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100404
Jamie K. Pringle , Andrew Binley , Kristopher D. Wisniewski , Ben Davenward , Vivienne G. Heaton , Georgina E. Handley
Cold case searches for the missing can be challenging, especially when the convicted perpetrator may or may not be giving forensic investigators truthful information. This paper reports on a cold case search for a teenage girl who was reported missing during the mid-2000s in north-west England, with this being the second area searched following the disclosure of information by a suspect prison cellmate. The disused search area had many uses, including an animal sanctuary after the girl went missing. Initial police ground searches proved unsuccessful in locating the victim. Geoforensic search aims was to use geophysics to identify potential burial position(s) within the search site priority areas to be then forensically investigated. A multi-phased geoforensic search was conducted, initially forensic botany removed vegetation back to when the girl went missing, electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys then identified potential burial areas, before ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were also collected in other areas to identify near-surface buried object positions. The EMI and GPR identified priority targets were then forensically excavated, with several isolated animal burials recovered and a drainage pipe identified to be cause of other geophysical targets, which gave confidence that any burials onsite could be identified geophysically. No case-relevant material was found. The case presented suggests these geoforensic approaches provide assurances to rule out forensic search locations, saving time and costs in such cold case investigations.
寻找失踪人员的悬案可能是一项挑战,特别是当被定罪的犯罪者可能向法医调查人员提供或不提供真实信息时。本文报道了2000年代中期在英格兰西北部对一名失踪少女的悬案搜索,这是继一名可疑狱友泄露信息后的第二个搜索区域。这个废弃的搜索区域有很多用途,包括在女孩失踪后成为一个动物保护区。警方最初的地面搜索未能找到受害者。地质法医搜索的目的是利用地球物理学在搜索地点优先区域内确定可能的埋葬位置,然后进行法医调查。进行了多阶段的地质法医搜索,最初法医植物学将植被移回女孩失踪时,电磁感应(EMI)测量然后确定潜在的埋葬区域,然后在其他区域收集探地雷达(GPR)测量以确定近地表埋藏物体的位置。然后对电磁干扰和探地雷达确定的优先目标进行了法医挖掘,发现了几个孤立的动物埋葬,并确定了一个排水管是其他地球物理目标的原因,这使人们相信现场的任何埋葬都可以在地球物理上进行识别。未发现与病例相关的材料。所提出的案件表明,这些地理法医学方法保证排除法医搜查地点,节省了此类悬案调查的时间和费用。
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引用次数: 0
Considerations arising from a case of cannibalism: A forensic autopsy report 一宗同类相食案引起的考虑:一份法医尸检报告
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100403
Naoto Tani , Tomomi Michiue , Aya Matsusue , Takaki Ishikawa
Cannibalism represents an individual of a species eating another of the same species and is a widely recognized phenomenon in many species. Issues surrounding the existence of human cannibalism have long been debated and motivations for consuming human tissue have been divided into three types: ritual, survival, and pathological. Individuals who engage in such practices are usually either severely mentally ill or suffering from a significant paraphilia. In the present case, an autopsy was performed on a victim of cannibalism in her 20 s. The suspected male perpetrator had been found dead at the same time, and autopsy revealed parts of the victim’s breast and tongue in the stomach of the suspect. DNA analysis of stomach contents confirmed that they belonged to the female victim. The present case involved a murder targeting a woman, and the female genitalia were cut off and partially eaten, suggesting pathological cannibalism. In addition to significant paraphilia, the male suspect in this case may have also had psychological aspects such as identification. When encountering such murders, cannibalism may need to be considered, particularly if parts of the victim’s body are missing.
同类相食是指一个物种的个体吃掉另一个物种,这是许多物种普遍存在的现象。长期以来,围绕人类同类相食存在的问题一直存在争议,食用人体组织的动机分为三种:仪式、生存和病理。从事此类行为的人通常要么患有严重的精神疾病,要么患有严重的性反常。在本案中,对一名20多岁的食人受害者进行了尸检。与此同时,一名男性犯罪嫌疑人被发现死亡,尸检显示,在嫌疑人的胃里发现了受害者的部分乳房和舌头。胃内容物的DNA分析证实它们属于女性受害者。本案涉及一起针对女性的谋杀案,女性生殖器被切下并部分被吃掉,表明是病理性同类相食。除了明显的性反常,本案中的男性嫌疑人可能还有心理方面的问题,比如身份认同。当遇到这样的谋杀时,可能需要考虑同类相食,特别是如果受害者身体的某些部位不见了。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the impact of fabric composition and color on the visualization of biological traces and lubricants using the Foster + Freeman Crime-lite® ML PRO 使用Foster + Freeman Crime-lite®ML PRO评估织物成分和颜色对生物痕迹和润滑剂可视化的影响
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100401
Dagmara Lisman , Ilona Savochka , Emilia Żarczyńska , Andrzej Ossowski
The effective visualisation of biological traces, such as blood, semen, saliva, urine, and lubricants, is crucial in forensic investigations. The Foster + Freeman Crime-lite® ML PRO is a tool used to detect these traces by employing different wavelengths of light. This study investigates how fabric type and colour influence the effectiveness of this device in identifying biological and lubricant traces. This study evaluates how fabric composition and colour affect the effectiveness of biological trace and lubricant visualisation using the Foster + Freeman Crime-lite® ML PRO device. Various fabrics and substances were analysed to determine the optimal conditions for detection. Both natural and synthetic fabrics were tested under different lighting conditions provided by the device. The visibility of biological traces and lubricants was examined across multiple wavelengths, including the visible and infrared spectra. Key parameters such as fabric composition, colour, and stain concentration were assessed. The findings indicate that both the chemical composition and colour of fabrics play a significant role in the effectiveness of biological trace and lubricant visualisation. The Foster + Freeman Crime-lite® ML PRO device was effective in detecting biological traces when optimal conditions were met. However, the variability in results highlights the need for tailored approaches depending on fabric type and colour.
有效地可视化生物痕迹,如血液、精液、唾液、尿液和润滑剂,在法医调查中至关重要。福斯特+ Freeman Crime-lite®ML PRO是一种通过采用不同波长的光来检测这些痕迹的工具。本研究探讨织物类型和颜色如何影响该装置在识别生物和润滑剂痕迹方面的有效性。本研究评估织物成分和颜色如何影响使用福斯特+ Freeman Crime-lite®ML PRO设备的生物痕迹和润滑剂可视化效果。对各种织物和物质进行了分析,以确定最佳检测条件。在设备提供的不同照明条件下,对天然和合成织物进行了测试。通过多个波长(包括可见光和红外光谱)检测生物痕迹和润滑剂的可见性。关键参数,如织物成分,颜色和染色浓度进行了评估。研究结果表明,织物的化学成分和颜色在生物痕迹和润滑剂可视化的有效性中起着重要作用。Foster + Freeman Crime-lite®ML PRO设备在满足最佳条件时有效检测生物痕迹。然而,结果的可变性突出了根据织物类型和颜色定制方法的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Causal analysis of vertebral artery dissection and fatal stroke following chiropractic cervical spine manipulation 颈椎推拿后椎动脉夹层及致死性脑卒中的原因分析
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100400
Steven P. Brown
A 34-year-old female suffered a fatal stroke 7.5 h after cervical spine manipulation (CSM) performed by a chiropractic physician. Imaging noted vertebral artery dissection (VAD), basilar artery occlusion, and thromboembolic stroke. The medical examiner opined that CSM caused the VAD which embolized to cause the fatal stroke. However, causation of VAD by CSM is not supported by the research.
We utilized an intuitive approach to causation analysis to determine the cause of the VAD and the stroke. Causation of the VAD and the stroke by CSM could not be established as more likely than not. The malpractice case was settled by bringing allegations of misdiagnosis and failure to diagnose and refer the VAD to medical emergency.
We conclude that in the absence of convincing evidence that CSM could cause VAD, forensic professionals should consider VAD as a presenting symptom prior to CSM in such cases. Adherence to the standard of care for the chiropractic profession with attention to differential diagnosis could prevent such cases.
一名34岁女性在由一名脊医进行颈椎推拿(CSM)后发生7.5 h的致命中风。影像学显示椎动脉夹层(VAD)、基底动脉闭塞和血栓栓塞性中风。法医认为是CSM引起的VAD栓塞导致了致命的中风。然而,CSM与VAD的因果关系并没有得到研究的支持。我们利用直观的方法进行因果分析,以确定VAD和中风的原因。VAD与CSM卒中之间的因果关系尚不能确定。这起玩忽职守案通过对误诊和未能诊断并将VAD转介到医疗紧急情况的指控得到解决。我们的结论是,在缺乏令人信服的证据表明CSM可能导致VAD的情况下,法医专业人员应该在此类病例中将VAD视为CSM之前的表现症状。坚持脊骨按摩专业的护理标准,注意鉴别诊断,可以防止这种情况发生。
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引用次数: 0
A review on rehydrating solutions for fingertips in dried decomposed bodies 干腐尸体中指尖再水化液的研究进展
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100399
Praveena Prabhakaran , Shankar M. Bakkannavar , Vinod C. Nayak , Vinutha R. Bhat
In forensic science, fingerprint analysis remains one of the most reliable methods for identifying individuals. However, this becomes challenging when dealing with decomposed bodies. Although various techniques are available, there is still a lack of a methodology that yields results quickly, particularly for retrieving and rehydrating mummified fingertips. Mummified tissue presents unique challenges for fingerprinting due to its rigidity, shrinkage, and other features that obscure epidermal ridge detail. This article overviews the rehydration solutions currently used to restore fingerprint details. These solutions include sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, ethanol, and recent advancements such as citric acid and specialized tissue conditioners. The efficacy of each solution is discussed in terms of effectiveness and the time required for rehydration. By summarizing these approaches, this article aims to inform forensic practitioners of the available techniques for rehydration and explore future prospects in this field.
在法医学中,指纹分析仍然是鉴定个人身份最可靠的方法之一。然而,在处理腐烂的尸体时,这变得很有挑战性。尽管有各种各样的技术可供使用,但仍然缺乏一种快速产生结果的方法,特别是用于提取和再水化木乃伊的指尖。木乃伊组织由于其刚性、收缩和其他模糊表皮脊细节的特征,为指纹识别提出了独特的挑战。本文概述了目前用于恢复指纹细节的补液溶液。这些解决方案包括氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、乙醇和最近的进展,如柠檬酸和专门的组织调理剂。讨论了每种溶液的功效和补液所需的时间。通过总结这些方法,本文旨在告知法医从业者可用的技术补液,并探讨该领域的未来前景。
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引用次数: 0
Results of the 2023 rapid DNA multi-laboratory study – RapidINTEL Plus sample cartridge 2023快速DNA多实验室研究结果- RapidINTEL Plus样品盒
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100396
Erica L. Romsos , Lilliana I. Moreno , Douglas R. Hares
Identical sensitivity and mixture sample sets were provided to six external laboratories to evaluate the recent enhancements to the Rapid DNA technology for crime scene-type samples. Data were returned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for review and analysis. Manual interpretation (modified Rapid DNA analysis) was conducted on all samples to assess the success of genotyping for both full profiles and the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci using 18 total cellular DNA input amounts ranging from 102.4 ng to 0.025 ng. Two-person and three-person mixtures at varying ratios for two total DNA inputs were analyzed and observed allele percentages were compared to expected allele percentages.
向六个外部实验室提供了相同的灵敏度和混合样本集,以评估最近对犯罪现场类型样本的快速DNA技术的改进。数据被送回联邦调查局和国家标准与技术研究所进行审查和分析。对所有样本进行人工解释(改进的快速DNA分析),以评估完整谱和20个组合DNA索引系统(CODIS)核心STR位点的基因分型成功,使用18个总细胞DNA输入量,范围为102.4 ng至0.025 ng。分析了两种总DNA输入的不同比例的两人和三人混合,并将观察到的等位基因百分比与预期的等位基因百分比进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Results of the 2023 rapid DNA multi-laboratory study – I-Chip 2023快速DNA多实验室研究结果- I-Chip
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100395
Erica L. Romsos , Lilliana I. Moreno , Douglas R. Hares
Identical sensitivity and mixture sample sets were provided to six external laboratories to evaluate the recent enhancements to the Rapid DNA technology for crime scene-type samples. Data were returned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for review and analysis. Manual interpretation (modified Rapid DNA analysis) was conducted on all samples to assess the success of genotyping for both full profiles and the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci using 18 total cellular DNA input amounts ranging from 102.4 ng to 0.025 ng. Two-person and three-person mixtures at varying ratios for two total DNA inputs were analyzed and observed allele percentages were compared to expected allele percentages.
向六个外部实验室提供了相同的灵敏度和混合样本集,以评估最近对犯罪现场类型样本的快速DNA技术的改进。数据被送回联邦调查局和国家标准与技术研究所进行审查和分析。对所有样本进行人工解释(改进的快速DNA分析),以评估完整谱和20个组合DNA索引系统(CODIS)核心STR位点的基因分型成功,使用18个总细胞DNA输入量,范围为102.4 ng至0.025 ng。分析了两种总DNA输入的不同比例的两人和三人混合,并将观察到的等位基因百分比与预期的等位基因百分比进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of leather tanning process on stable isotopes and radiocarbon in tissues of Persian leopard: Preliminary results 制革过程对波斯豹组织中稳定同位素和放射性碳的影响:初步结果
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100398
Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová , Nikola Pravdíková , Kateřina Čápová , Jaroslava Frouzová , Kristýna Hebenstreitová , Kateřina Jandová , Jaroslav Kukla , Eliška Rajmonová , Ondřej Salaba , Ivo Světlík , Dominik Šmok , Jakub Trubač , Jitka Kufnerová
The international trade in animals and their parts is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Legal trade in wild animals and their derivatives is based on sustainable practices, ensuring that specimens are taken in quantities that do not threaten population stability. Unregulated or illegal international trade can jeopardise the survival of certain species by depleting wild populations. Forensic analysis is crucial in distinguishing between legal and illegal trade, particularly by determining the geographical origin or age of a specimen through methods such as stable isotope and radiocarbon analysis. The tanning process, which converts mammalian raw hides into valuable fur skins, involves the use of aggressive chemical reagents. These reagents, if absorbed by the hair or skin, can alter the original isotopic signatures, complicating forensic efforts. The extent of these alterations is not yet fully understood. The novelty of our approach lies in the fact that, for the first time, we have measured the step-by-step changes in isotopic composition throughout each individual phase of the tanning process. Previous studies have typically focused only on raw hides and final products. Additionally, we compared different tanning methods applied to a single hide. Using a leopard skin, we documented potential isotopic shifts in 14C, 2H, 18O, 15N and 13C during the tanning process, employing accelerated mass spectrometry and stable isotope mass spectrometry. Our preliminary findings suggest that the tanning process induces slight shifts in both stable and radioactive isotope ratios.
动物及其器官的国际贸易是一个价值数十亿美元的产业。野生动物及其衍生物的合法贸易建立在可持续做法的基础上,确保标本的采集数量不会威胁种群稳定。不受管制或非法的国际贸易可能会使野生种群减少,从而危及某些物种的生存。法医分析对于区分合法和非法贸易至关重要,特别是通过稳定同位素和放射性碳分析等方法确定标本的地理来源或年龄。将哺乳动物的生皮转化为有价值的皮毛的制革过程涉及到使用攻击性化学试剂。这些试剂如果被头发或皮肤吸收,可能会改变原始的同位素特征,使法医工作复杂化。这些变化的程度尚不完全清楚。我们的方法的新颖之处在于,我们第一次测量了鞣制过程中每个阶段同位素组成的逐步变化。以前的研究通常只关注生皮和最终产品。此外,我们比较了不同的鞣制方法适用于单一皮革。利用加速质谱法和稳定同位素质谱法,研究了豹皮鞣制过程中14C、2H、18O、15N和13C的潜在同位素变化。我们的初步研究结果表明,鞣制过程引起稳定和放射性同位素比率的轻微变化。
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引用次数: 0
Forensic archaeology and illegal familial repatriation and burial of a fallen WW1 soldier, Nièvre, central-east France 法证考古和非法家庭遣返和埋葬一名阵亡的一战士兵,法国中东部尼涅瓦
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100397
Marine MEUCCI DULY , Caroline Costedoat , Julien Fargettas , Emeline Verna
The context of past conflicts, especially World War I or World War II, is treated differently in various countries. In France, the discovery of military human remains falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of the Armed Forces. Collaborations between the Ministry and national Universities allow for interdisciplinary studies that meet international scientific standards. This case report highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to achieve the identification of skeletonized individuals. An abandoned grave vault in a small town of Nièvre, central-east France, uncovered three skeletons associated with militaria. Initially, the remains were believed to belong to three Senegalese Riflemen executed nearby in 1940, but some of the evidence appeared contradictory. The aim of this study is to determine whether these three skeletons were the three Senegalese Riflemen or other individuals. Through an interdisciplinary approach, combining the position of the bodies in the vault, anthropological analysis of the human remains, and archival research, it was determined that the three bodies belonged to the same family. The remains were those of an illegally repatriated body of a soldier from the battlefields of WW1, together with his parents. It is suggested that they illegally repatriated him from the battlefield/cemetery and then buried him in the family vault, and later, when the parents passed away, they were also buried alongside him. This case illustrates the profound violence of the First World War and the many family losses.

Simple summary

The identities of three skeletons discovered buried together in a graveyard were investigated due to the presence of militaria artefacts associated with one of them, revealing a rare case of illegal World War I fallen soldier familial repatriation.
过去的冲突,特别是第一次世界大战或第二次世界大战的背景,在不同的国家被不同的对待。在法国,军人遗骸的发现是由武装部队部负责的。教育部与国家大学之间的合作使跨学科研究能够达到国际科学标准。本病例报告强调了跨学科方法的重要性,以实现骨骼个体的识别。在法国中东部小镇尼弗尔的一个废弃的墓穴中,发现了三具与民兵有关的骷髅。最初,这些遗骸被认为属于1940年在附近被处决的三名塞内加尔步枪手,但一些证据似乎相互矛盾。这项研究的目的是确定这三具骷髅是三个塞内加尔步枪手还是其他个人。通过跨学科的方法,结合墓穴中尸体的位置,人类遗骸的人类学分析和档案研究,确定这三具尸体属于同一个家庭。这些遗骸是一名士兵和他的父母从第一次世界大战的战场上非法遣返的尸体。有人说,他们从战场/墓地非法遣返他,然后将他埋葬在家庭墓地,后来父母去世时,他们也与他一起埋葬。这个案例说明了第一次世界大战的严重暴力和许多家庭的损失。由于其中一具骸骨上发现了与军方有关的文物,警方对一起埋在一个墓地里的三具骸骨的身份进行了调查,这揭开了一个罕见的非法一战阵亡士兵家属遣返的案例。
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引用次数: 0
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Forensic Science International: Reports
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