Forensic Science International: Reports最新文献_第3页

Population and forensic genetic data of 27 Y-STR and 12 X-STR loci in four British Isles populations 4个不列颠群岛人群27个Y-STR位点和12个X-STR位点的群体和法医遗传资料

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100438

Sasitaran Iyavoo

This study presents population data for 27 Y-chromosomal STR (Y-STR) loci and 12 X-chromosomal STR (X-STR) loci from 888 unrelated males representing four populations of the British Isles (English, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh). Genotyping was performed using the Yfiler Plus and Investigator Argus X-12 QS kits under ISFG-aligned quality control procedures. All four populations exhibited 100 % haplotype diversity for both marker systems, confirming strong discriminatory capacity. Several rare allelic variants were identified, including deletions, insertions, and a tri-allelic pattern among Y-STRs, as well as insertion events at X-STR loci. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed patterns consistent with the physical arrangement of X-STR loci, with marginally significant LD detected within several linkage groups in the English and Irish populations. Based on these results, haplotype-based analyses were conducted using all 886 valid male profiles across the four linkage groups, showing that LG1 and LG4 exhibited the highest discriminatory capacities. Phylogenetic and multidimensional scaling analyses incorporating global reference datasets revealed clear and interpretable patterns of population structure. Y-STR data positioned the British Isles populations within a north-western European paternal cluster, with Irish and Welsh forming a distinct Celtic subgroup. X-STR results showed a close maternal-line relationship between English and German populations consistent with Anglo-Saxon migrations, and a separate Celtic cluster comprising Irish and Welsh, with the Scottish population showing intermediate affinity. Overall, this study provides a robust and forensically relevant dataset reflecting both paternal and maternal genetic diversity across the British Isles, improving the accuracy of forensic identification and kinship analysis.

本研究提供了来自不列颠群岛（英格兰、爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士）四个种群的888名无亲缘关系男性的27个y染色体STR （Y-STR）位点和12个x染色体STR （X-STR）位点的种群数据。使用Yfiler Plus和调查员Argus X-12 QS试剂盒在符合isfg的质量控制程序下进行基因分型。所有4个群体在两种标记系统中均表现出100% %的单倍型多样性，证实了强烈的歧视能力。发现了几个罕见的等位基因变异，包括y - str位点的缺失、插入和三等位基因模式，以及X-STR位点的插入事件。连锁不平衡（LD）分析揭示了与X-STR位点的物理排列一致的模式，在英国和爱尔兰人群的几个连锁群体中检测到边缘显著的LD。在此基础上，对4个连锁群体的886份有效男性基因进行了单倍型分析，结果表明LG1和LG4表现出最高的歧视能力。结合全球参考数据集的系统发育和多维尺度分析揭示了清晰和可解释的种群结构模式。Y-STR数据将不列颠群岛人口定位在西北欧父系群中，爱尔兰人和威尔士人形成了一个独特的凯尔特亚群。X-STR结果显示，与盎格鲁-撒克逊移民一致的英格兰和德国人口之间存在密切的母系关系，以及一个由爱尔兰人和威尔士人组成的独立凯尔特集群，苏格兰人口表现出中间亲缘关系。总体而言，本研究提供了一个强大的法医相关数据集，反映了整个不列颠群岛的父系和母系遗传多样性，提高了法医鉴定和亲属关系分析的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

A 3-year retrospective review of fatal carbon monoxide toxicity in the Western Cape, South Africa (2022–2024) 南非西开普省致命一氧化碳毒性的3年回顾性分析（2022-2024）

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100434

Carl Grevel , Marie Belle Kathrina Mendoza Hlela , Domonica Dos Reis , Chanté du Toit , Bronwen Davies

Charcoal burning (CB) in enclosed spaces has emerged as a recognised method of suicide due to the inhalation of lethal levels of carbon monoxide (CO). While this has been widely documented globally, CB is also implicated in accidental CO poisoning deaths, particularly in densely populated, low-income communities where limited access to safer heating, cooking, and lighting alternatives increases vulnerability and contributes to preventable fatalities. This retrospective study examined CO toxicity deaths unrelated to fire-burns in the Western Cape province of South Africa over a three-year period, from 2022 to 2024, focusing on prevalence, characteristics, and circumstantial patterns. A total of 68 postmortem cases were included from routine submissions to the Forensic Toxicology Unit in Cape Town. Of these, 50 % were suspected accidents, 30.9 % alleged suicides, and 19.1 % remained under investigation. Most victims were male (69.1 %), middle-aged (44.1 %), and deaths peaked in winter (p < 0.001), primarily driven by accidental exposures. CB was the most frequently identified source of CO, followed by vehicle exhaust and gullies/imbawulas (makeshift metal drums of combustible wood, coals, or refuse). The source of CO exposure was significantly associated with the suspected manner of death (p < 0.001). The mean carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) level was 60.7 % (range: 31.4–78.4 %) with significantly higher levels in suicides (p < 0.001), while the mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 0.07 g/100 mL (range: 0.01–0.26 g/100 mL). Most fatalities occurred in congested domestic settings within socio-economically disadvantaged areas, highlighting non-fire CO poisoning as an underrecognised public health concern. Prevention should include public education, housing safety improvements, warning labels, and greater access to safer energy sources.

由于吸入致命水平的一氧化碳（CO），在封闭空间中燃烧木炭（CB）已成为公认的自杀方法。虽然这在全球范围内得到了广泛的记录，但炭黑也与CO中毒意外死亡有关，特别是在人口密集的低收入社区，这些社区获得更安全的取暖、烹饪和照明替代品的机会有限，增加了脆弱性，并导致了可预防的死亡。这项回顾性研究调查了南非西开普省从2022年到2024年三年期间与火灾无关的CO毒性死亡，重点关注患病率、特征和间接模式。从例行提交给开普敦法医毒理学股的报告中，共纳入了68个死后病例。其中，50. %疑似事故，30.9 %疑似自杀，19.1 %仍在调查中。大多数受害者为男性（69.1 %）和中年人（44.1% %），死亡高峰出现在冬季（p <； 0.001），主要由意外暴露所致。炭黑是最常见的CO来源，其次是汽车尾气和沟渠/imbawulas（由可燃木材、煤炭或垃圾制成的临时金属桶）。一氧化碳暴露源与疑似死亡方式显著相关（p <； 0.001）。平均血氧血红蛋白（COHb）水平为60.7 %（范围：31.4-78.4 %），自杀者的血氧血红蛋白水平显著高于自杀者（p <； 0.001），平均血酒精浓度（BAC）为0.07 g/100 mL（范围：0.01-0.26 g/100 mL）。大多数死亡发生在社会经济不利地区拥挤的家庭环境中，突出表明非火灾一氧化碳中毒是一个未得到充分认识的公共卫生问题。预防措施应包括公共教育、住房安全改进、警告标签以及更容易获得更安全的能源。

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引用次数: 0

Non-fatal overdose following ingestion of encapsulated pure bromazolam powder: A case report 服用包封的纯溴唑仑粉末后非致死性过量：一例报告

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100432

Adam Bauer , Elva Eir Gretarsdottir , Valthor Asgrimsson , Sigurbergur Karason

Bromazolam is a potent designer benzodiazepine increasingly encountered in forensic and clinical toxicology. Here, a case of non-fatal intoxication involving the ingestion of encapsulated pure bromazolam powder is reported, and, to our knowledge, it resulted in the highest documented bromazolam serum concentration to date. A healthy 20-year-old male was found unresponsive at home and admitted to intensive care. Toxicology confirmed bromazolam as the primary intoxicant, with an initial serum concentration exceeding 5800 ng/mL. The patient required prolonged intubation, and sedation persisted for over ten days despite supportive care and flumazenil administration. Five serum samples collected over 204 h showed declining bromazolam concentrations with an estimated half-life of 31 h. Analytical testing of seized powder at the scene confirmed pure bromazolam content, supporting the conclusion of high-dose exposure. Serum samples were diluted to fit within the method’s linear range, and dilution integrity testing demonstrated accurate bromazolam quantification at these levels. This case underscores the severe toxicological effects of ingesting pure bromazolam, the importance of timely toxicological confirmation in clinical decision-making, and the need for methods to identify novel substances and quantify high-concentration samples.

溴唑仑是一种有效的设计苯二氮卓类药物越来越多地遇到法医和临床毒理学。在这里，报告了一例涉及摄入包封的纯溴唑仑粉末的非致命中毒，据我们所知，它导致了迄今为止最高的溴唑仑血清浓度。一名20岁的健康男性在家中被发现没有反应，并被送入重症监护室。毒理学证实溴唑仑为主要毒物，初始血清浓度超过5800 ng/mL。患者需要延长插管时间，尽管给予支持治疗和氟马西尼，镇静仍持续了十多天。在204 h以上收集的5份血清样品显示溴唑仑浓度下降，估计半衰期为31 h。对现场缴获的粉末进行分析测试，证实其含有纯溴唑仑，支持高剂量暴露的结论。对血清样品进行稀释，使其符合该方法的线性范围，稀释完整性测试证明在这些水平上可以准确地定量溴唑仑。该病例强调了摄入纯溴唑仑的严重毒理学影响，及时进行毒理学确认在临床决策中的重要性，以及鉴定新物质和定量高浓度样品的方法的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

First documented cases of heteropaternal superfecundation in dizygotic twins from the Dominican Republic: A case report 多米尼加共和国异卵双胞胎异父超受精的首例记录病例：一例报告

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100433

Thais Reyes, Rosneld Rivero, Santa Jiménez, Karla Figueroa, Eileen Riego

Heteropaternal superfecundation (HSF) is a rare reproductive event where two ova from the same menstrual cycle are fertilized by sperm from different men. This phenomenon challenges conventional assumptions in paternity testing, particularly for dizygotic (DZ) twins. This report describes the first two documented cases of HSF in the Dominican Republic, identified from a review of 61 DZ twin pairs undergoing kinship analysis. Genetic analysis using autosomal (aSTR) and Y-chromosome (Y-STR) markers confirmed that in both cases—one involving opposite-sex twins and the other same-sex male twins—the twins shared a mother but had different biological fathers. These findings underscore the critical importance of testing both DZ twins individually in all paternity disputes to prevent erroneous legal and social outcomes. This report serves as a guide for forensic and medical professionals facing similar complex kinship scenarios.

异父超受精（HSF）是一种罕见的生殖事件，即来自同一月经周期的两个卵子与来自不同男性的精子受精。这一现象挑战了亲子鉴定的传统假设，特别是对异卵双胞胎（DZ）。本报告描述了多米尼加共和国前两例有记录的HSF病例，它们是在对61对DZ双胞胎进行亲属关系分析后发现的。利用常染色体（aSTR）和y染色体（Y-STR）标记进行的遗传分析证实，在这两种情况下——一个涉及异性双胞胎，另一个涉及同性男性双胞胎——双胞胎共享一个母亲，但有不同的生父。这些发现强调了在所有父权纠纷中对DZ双胞胎进行单独测试的重要性，以防止错误的法律和社会结果。这份报告为面临类似复杂亲属关系情况的法医和医疗专业人员提供了指南。

引用次数: 0

Hidden ballistic injury and fall from height: An unusual complex suicide and review of the literature 隐藏的弹道伤害和高空坠落：一种不寻常的复杂自杀和文献综述

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100431

A. Fort , J. Borges , F. Chiron , F. Paysant , T. Willeman , M. Peoc’h , V. Scolan

In France, firearm suicide is the second most common method among men, after hanging. Complex suicides, which involve multiple methods, are rare but significant. Forensic investigations are essential for determining the sequence of events and whether methods were used simultaneously or if one followed the failure of another. Ballistic suicides are frequently associated with hanging. This case report details a rare unplanned complex suicide involving a cranioencephalic ballistic injury followed by fall from height in a 56-year-old man. He was discovered deceased beneath his building. Autopsy revealed a non-fatal and non-incapacitating ballistic injury, confirmed by X-ray, in contrast to the severe traumatic injuries sustained from the fall, which were lethal. This specific combination of methods is rarely reported in literature. Analyzing the sequence and vitality of each injury is essential to rule out potential criminal acts.

在法国，枪支自杀是男性中第二常见的自杀方式，仅次于上吊。涉及多种自杀方式的复杂自杀很少见，但意义重大。法医调查对于确定事件的顺序以及是否同时使用了两种方法，还是一种方法是在另一种方法失败之后使用的至关重要。弹道自杀通常与上吊有关。本病例报告详细介绍了一个罕见的意外复杂自杀，涉及颅脑弹道伤，随后从高处坠落的56岁男子。他被发现死在他的楼房下面。尸检显示，经x光检查证实，这是一种非致命和非致残的弹道伤害，与坠落造成的严重创伤形成鲜明对比，后者是致命的。这种特殊的方法组合在文献中很少报道。分析每一种伤害的顺序和生命力对于排除潜在的犯罪行为至关重要。

引用次数: 0

The aggrandizement of scientific data in the media: The Shroud of Turin blood marks as a case example 媒体对科学数据的夸大：以都灵裹尸布的血迹为例

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100430

Kelly P. Kearse

The Shroud of Turin is a fourteen-foot-long cloth bearing the life size image of a man with blood marks and has been heralded as the most scientifically studied archaeological artifact in human history. The Shroud has been proclaimed to be either the actual burial cloth of the historical Jesus of Nazareth or a cunning medieval forgery. In several recent television programs that received widespread international media attention, a “Shroud expert” made the claims that the blood on the Shroud has been demonstrated to be human, male, and type AB, and was identified as Semitic. Additionally, it was reported that high levels of ferritin and creatine, indicative of polytrauma, had been found on the cloth and that premortem and postmortem blood had been identified. Discussed below is a scientific fact check about such characteristics of the blood on the Shroud of Turin and the capabilities and limitations of the techniques used in these investigations.

都灵裹尸布是一块14英尺长的布，上面有一个真人大小的血迹，被誉为人类历史上研究最科学的考古文物。裹尸布被宣称要么是历史上拿撒勒人耶稣的真正埋葬布，要么是一个狡猾的中世纪伪造品。在最近几个受到国际媒体广泛关注的电视节目中，一位“裹尸布专家”声称裹尸布上的血液已被证明是人类，男性，AB型血，并被确定为闪米特人。此外，据报道，在布上发现了高水平的铁蛋白和肌酸，表明有多处创伤，并鉴定了死前和死后的血液。下面讨论的是对都灵裹尸布上的这些血液特征的科学事实核查，以及在这些调查中使用的技术的能力和局限性。

引用次数: 0

Internal quality assessment and genotyping error investigation in SNP microarray testing: Lessons from the ESWG-ISFG forensic proficiency trial SNP微阵列检测的内部质量评估和基因分型错误调查：来自ESWG-ISFG法医熟练度试验的教训

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100429

Sasitaran Iyavoo , Sharlize Pedroza Matute , Kiera Turvey , Stephen Cummings , Thomas Haizel

In 2024, the English Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ESWG-ISFG) introduced single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping into its annual proficiency trial, providing DNA testing laboratories with their first opportunity to evaluate performance in this area. Twelve laboratories participated using a range of sequencing and microarray platforms. AttoLife Limited, a UKAS-accredited laboratory, contributed results using the Infinium HTS iSelect custom ‘Rita’ microarray containing 4366 SNP markers. Blood samples from a child and alleged father were supplied on FTA cards, extracted with the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, quantified using the Quantifiler Trio kit, and genotyped following the Infinium HTS protocol with GenomeStudio analysis. SNP call rates exceeded 99 % (excluding Y-SNPs in the female child), confirming high-quality data. Three discrepancies were identified, rs10108270 in both samples and rs10513300 in the child, which subsequent Sanger sequencing attributed to probe-binding site variation and potential copy number imbalance. These findings illustrate the value of proficiency testing in detecting locus-specific challenges, reinforce the need for cautious interpretation of uncertain results, and highlight the importance of cross-platform comparison to strengthen confidence in forensic SNP genotyping.

2024年，国际法医遗传学学会英语工作组（ESWG-ISFG）将单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基因分型引入其年度熟练度试验，为DNA测试实验室提供了第一次评估该领域表现的机会。12个实验室使用一系列测序和微阵列平台参与了这项研究。AttoLife有限公司是ukas认可的实验室，使用Infinium HTS iSelect定制“Rita”微阵列提供了包含4366个SNP标记的结果。儿童和疑似父亲的血液样本放在FTA卡上，用QIAamp DNA Mini Kit提取，使用Quantifiler Trio试剂盒定量，并根据Infinium HTS协议与GenomeStudio分析进行基因分型。SNP呼叫率超过99% %（不包括女性儿童的y -SNP），证实了高质量的数据。发现了三个差异，两个样本中的rs10108270和孩子中的rs10513300，随后的Sanger测序将其归因于探针结合位点变异和潜在的拷贝数失衡。这些发现说明了熟练程度测试在检测基因座特异性挑战方面的价值，强调了对不确定结果谨慎解释的必要性，并强调了跨平台比较对增强法医SNP基因分型信心的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Anthropometric analysis of facial dimensions using 3D imaging for forensic identification and ethnicity-specific reference models 使用3D成像进行面部尺寸的人体测量分析，用于法医鉴定和特定种族的参考模型

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100428

Saurjya Ranjan Das , Sreepreeti Champatyray , Dhiren Kumar Panda

Background

Facial morphology plays a crucial role in forensic identification, anthropological research, and reconstructive surgery. However, forensic reference databases often lack ethnicity-specific 3D anthropometric data, limiting the accuracy of forensic facial reconstruction and automated facial recognition systems. This study integrates 3D imaging technology and multivariate statistical analyses to enhance forensic facial identification models by providing ethnicity-specific facial measurements.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 participants (250 males and 250 females) from seven Indian ethnic groups (Odia, Bengali, Tamil, Punjabi, Maratha, Telugu, and Gujarati). High-resolution 3D facial scans were obtained using the Artec Eva 3D scanner and analyzed using landmark-based anthropometry. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) assessed sex and ethnic differences in upper facial height (UFH), lower facial height (LFH), intercanthal distance (ICD), and face width (FW). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to evaluate the interdependencies among facial dimensions.

Results

Males exhibited significantly larger UFH and ICD, while females had greater LFH (p < 0.001). Significant ethnic differences were observed (p < 0.01), with the Odia group having the widest face and the Bengali group showing the smallest ICD. PCA revealed two major components that explained 81.4 % of the total variance, with UFH and FW being the primary contributors. SEM demonstrated a strong correlation between UFH and FW (β = 0.72, p < 0.001) and an inverse relationship between LFH and ICD (β = −0.48, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

This study provides forensically relevant, ethnicity-specific 3D anthropometric data for facial reconstruction and forensic identification. These findings support the integration of 3D morphometric databases into forensic facial analysis software, enhancing population-specific identification accuracy. Future research should consider including Body Mass Index (BMI) as a variable to account for the potential impact of soft tissue distribution on facial morphology.

面部形态学在法医鉴定、人类学研究和重建手术中起着至关重要的作用。然而，法医参考数据库往往缺乏特定种族的3D人体测量数据，限制了法医面部重建和自动面部识别系统的准确性。本研究将3D影像技术与多元统计分析相结合，通过提供特定种族的面部测量来增强法医面部识别模型。方法对来自印度7个民族（奥迪亚族、孟加拉族、泰米尔族、旁遮普族、马拉地族、泰卢固族和古吉拉特族）的500名参与者（250男250女）进行横断面研究。使用Artec Eva 3D扫描仪获得高分辨率3D面部扫描，并使用基于地标的人体测量学进行分析。多变量方差分析（MANOVA）评估了上面部高度（UFH）、下面部高度（LFH）、颊间距离（ICD）和面部宽度（FW）的性别和种族差异。采用主成分分析（PCA）和结构方程模型（SEM）来评估面部维度之间的相互依赖性。结果男性有较大的UFH和ICD，女性有较大的LFH （p <； 0.001）。观察到显著的种族差异（p <； 0.01），Odia组的面部最宽，孟加拉组的ICD最小。PCA揭示了两个主要成分，解释了81.4 %的总方差，其中UFH和FW是主要贡献者。扫描电镜显示UFH和FW之间有很强的相关性（β = 0.72, p <； 0.001），LFH和ICD之间呈负相关（β = - 0.48, p = 0.002）。结论本研究为面部重建和法医鉴定提供了与法医相关的、种族特异性的三维人体测量数据。这些发现支持将3D形态测量数据库集成到法医面部分析软件中，从而提高特定人群识别的准确性。未来的研究应考虑将身体质量指数（BMI）作为一个变量，以解释软组织分布对面部形态的潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Case report: Medical veterinary expertise on a case of cockfighting in Brazil 病例报告：巴西一起斗鸡病例的医学兽医专业知识

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100426

Marina Doll Sousa , Djiane Nicolas Steidler , Julia Nunes Machado , Paulo Maiorka , Tália Missen Tremori

The combat between animals to serve as a form of human entertainment is an old practice. In Brazil, it is considered a crime due to animal mistreatment. In the present case, a forensic medical veterinary expertise was required to evaluate 50 roosters apprehended on a cockfighting practice located in Itapetininga, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A forensic live animal examination was performed on 49 of the alive roosters analyzing ID, body condition score (on a scale of 1–5), lesions and observations, together with photo-documentation. A rooster died after the capture, in which an animal forensic necropsy was conducted. The most common findings during forensic examination was emaciation due to starvation present in 100 % (49/49) of alive animals, followed by characteristic grooming displayed in 87 % (43/49) and lesions located in face, neck, wings and chest found in 63 % (31/49). Wounds such as face edema and corneal ulcer were analyzed in 26 % (13/49) of the animals with edema and inflammation on limbs which were present in 10 % (4/49). Regarding the obit, it revealed severe emaciation, intense pododermatitis on the left limb, ingluvies full of non-digested dietary content with a foreign body, thickened ventricle muscle wall, evident opacity on left air sac and presence of frothy liquid in left pulmonary lobe. These results were used as evidence to prove animal mistreatment and abuse occurring in cockfighting practice. The goal of this case report is to collaborate on the production of material and protocols regarding this type of crime.

动物之间的搏斗作为人类娱乐的一种形式是一种古老的习俗。在巴西，虐待动物被认为是一种犯罪行为。在本案中，需要法医兽医专门知识来评估在巴西圣保罗Itapetininga的斗鸡活动中被捕的50只公鸡。对49只活公鸡进行了法医活体动物检查，分析了ID、身体状况评分（1-5分）、病变和观察结果，并附有照片记录。一只公鸡在捕获后死亡，并对其进行了动物法医尸检。法医检查中最常见的发现是100 %（49/49）活着的动物因饥饿而消瘦，其次是87 %（43/49）的动物表现出特有的毛发，63 %（31/49）的动物发现面部、颈部、翅膀和胸部的病变。26 %（13/49）的动物出现面部水肿和角膜溃疡，10 %（4/49）的动物出现四肢水肿和炎症。ob表现为严重消瘦，左肢足皮炎严重，食液充满未消化的食物内容物并有异物，心室肌壁增厚，左气囊明显不透明，左肺叶有泡状液体。这些结果被用作证明斗鸡实践中存在虐待和虐待动物行为的证据。本案件报告的目的是合作编写关于这类犯罪的材料和议定书。

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引用次数: 0

Alcohol and drug detection rates in road traffic: An international comparison 道路交通中酒精和毒品的检出率：国际比较

Q3 Medicine

Forensic Science International: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100427

Hallvard Gjerde, Ragnhild Elén Gjulem Jamt

Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is a significant contributing factor to road traffic crashes. Detection rates for alcohol and drugs among drivers in random road traffic have been studied in several countries; this article presents a comprehensive overview of findings in studies conducted from 2010 to 2024. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Search, and the International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference Papers database. We also examined reference lists and citation records. We identified 53 studies, of which 25 studies focused exclusively on alcohol. The studies were conducted across 24 countries. Alcohol was the most frequently detected substance, followed by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Detection rates exhibited variability across jurisdictions; alcohol was most commonly observed in studies conducted in North America and in some low- and middle-income countries, whereas THC and cocaine were most frequently detected in studies from North America, Italy, and Spain. Several countries have implemented effective measures that have led to a significant reduction in the incidence of drink-driving. However, despite the introduction of legal thresholds or zero-tolerance policies for drug-impaired driving, the detection of drugs among drivers has increased in certain regions.

在酒精或药物影响下驾驶是造成道路交通事故的一个重要因素。若干国家对随机道路交通中驾驶员的酒精和毒品检出率进行了研究；本文对2010年至2024年进行的研究结果进行了全面概述。我们检索了PubMed、b谷歌Scholar、谷歌Search和国际酒精、毒品和交通安全会议论文理事会数据库。我们还检查了参考文献列表和引文记录。我们确定了53项研究，其中25项研究专门关注酒精。这些研究在24个国家进行。酒精是最常见的检测物质，其次是四氢大麻酚（THC）。检出率在不同司法管辖区表现出差异；在北美和一些低收入和中等收入国家进行的研究中最常观察到酒精，而在北美、意大利和西班牙进行的研究中最常检测到四氢大麻酚和可卡因。一些国家已采取有效措施，导致酒驾发生率显著降低。然而，尽管对毒品驾驶引入了法律门槛或零容忍政策，但在某些地区，司机中发现的毒品有所增加。

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引用次数: 0