Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2025.000099
Zhizhong Li;Yuandong Zhang;Samson S. Yu;Guidong Zhang
During wireless charging, misalignments commonly occur in the transmission between the transmitting and receiving pads, including misalignments in the forward, backward, lateral and vertical directions. Unavoidable misalignments can result in changes in system parameters, thus affecting charging performance. A novel diagonally crossed solenoid magnetic coupler (DCSMC) is developed as a solution. The DCSMC integrated into a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a hybrid topology enables superior misalignment tolerance in the X, Y, Z and XY diagonal directions while maintaining load-independent voltage output characteristics. A simplified parameter design method is developed to optimize the misalignment tolerance performance of a hybrid WPT system in multiple directions. Finally, a hardware prototype of a WPT system is constructed with an operating frequency of 200 kHz and a power of 200 W. The experimental results show that the hybrid WPT system, operating under loads from 40 Ω to 80 Ω, can tolerate misalignments of ±90 mm (40.9%) in both the $X$ and Y axes, maintaining as small as a 5% fluctuation in output voltage. In addition, the WPT system can handle a maximum vertical displacement of +40 mm along the Z-axis and XY-diagonal misalignments of ±40 mm (12.8%).
{"title":"A Hybrid Wireless Power Transfer System with High Misalignment Tolerance Using Diagonal Crossed Solenoid Magnetic Coupler*","authors":"Zhizhong Li;Yuandong Zhang;Samson S. Yu;Guidong Zhang","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000099","url":null,"abstract":"During wireless charging, misalignments commonly occur in the transmission between the transmitting and receiving pads, including misalignments in the forward, backward, lateral and vertical directions. Unavoidable misalignments can result in changes in system parameters, thus affecting charging performance. A novel diagonally crossed solenoid magnetic coupler (DCSMC) is developed as a solution. The DCSMC integrated into a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with a hybrid topology enables superior misalignment tolerance in the X, Y, Z and XY diagonal directions while maintaining load-independent voltage output characteristics. A simplified parameter design method is developed to optimize the misalignment tolerance performance of a hybrid WPT system in multiple directions. Finally, a hardware prototype of a WPT system is constructed with an operating frequency of 200 kHz and a power of 200 W. The experimental results show that the hybrid WPT system, operating under loads from 40 Ω to 80 Ω, can tolerate misalignments of ±90 mm (40.9%) in both the <tex>$X$</tex> and Y axes, maintaining as small as a 5% fluctuation in output voltage. In addition, the WPT system can handle a maximum vertical displacement of +40 mm along the Z-axis and XY-diagonal misalignments of ±40 mm (12.8%).","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"138-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10923629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2025.000108
Xiuyun Zhang;Guidong Zhang;Samson S. Yu
High-performance microprocessors have rapidly evolved and become ubiquitous in modern society. However, their power supply has become a significant factor limiting their overall performance. A power delivery module, known as a voltage regulator module (VRM), is required to provide high voltage, low current, and a fast transient response to meet microprocessor demands. An interleaved parallel-buck converter is suitable for VRM applications. Selecting an appropriate control strategy for the interleaved converter can help achieve high precision and fast response, thereby optimizing performance. First, the operating principles of interleaved parallel converters are analyzed. The relationship between the number of phases and conversion efficiency is also examined. Subsequently, commonly employed control techniques for interleaved converters are reviewed, discussing their respective advantages and limitations, along with an analysis of their suitability for phase-shedding strategies. A phase-shedding technique for interleaved converters is then introduced. Finally, the shortcomings of current control approaches for interleaved buck converters are outlined, and potential future research directions are suggested. These insights aim to enhance control performance and advance practical engineering applications.
{"title":"Review of Control Techniques for Interleaved Buck Converters: Control Strategies, Efficiency Optimization and Phase Shedding*","authors":"Xiuyun Zhang;Guidong Zhang;Samson S. Yu","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000108","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance microprocessors have rapidly evolved and become ubiquitous in modern society. However, their power supply has become a significant factor limiting their overall performance. A power delivery module, known as a voltage regulator module (VRM), is required to provide high voltage, low current, and a fast transient response to meet microprocessor demands. An interleaved parallel-buck converter is suitable for VRM applications. Selecting an appropriate control strategy for the interleaved converter can help achieve high precision and fast response, thereby optimizing performance. First, the operating principles of interleaved parallel converters are analyzed. The relationship between the number of phases and conversion efficiency is also examined. Subsequently, commonly employed control techniques for interleaved converters are reviewed, discussing their respective advantages and limitations, along with an analysis of their suitability for phase-shedding strategies. A phase-shedding technique for interleaved converters is then introduced. Finally, the shortcomings of current control approaches for interleaved buck converters are outlined, and potential future research directions are suggested. These insights aim to enhance control performance and advance practical engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"40-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10923626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2025.000101
Vladimir Dmitrievskii;Aleksey Paramonov;Vadim Kazakbaev;Vladimir Prakht
Line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSMs) are energy-efficient alternatives to induction motors. However, LSPMSMs are associated with synchronization difficulties when starting in cases of high inertia, heavy loads, or supply-voltage sags. Models with lumped parameters and parameter identification are used to study the starting processes. A novel approach for identifying the parameters of an LSPMSM is presented based on reduced experimental data that only include the recording of oscillograms of instantaneous currents and voltages when starting the LSPMSM from an idle state. The parameters of the lumped model are determined using the Nelder-Mead method while minimizing the root-mean-square error between the experimental and calculated waveforms. Multiple starts under different initial conditions are considered owing to uncertain initial conditions, and the initial conditions are excluded from the parameter space of the objective function. The proposed method is used to identify the parameters of a commercially available 0.55 kW, 1 500 r/min LSPMSM sample. The results obtained by modeling the starting processes of the LSPMSM using the identified parameters are similar to the experimental results.
{"title":"Computer-aided Experimental Identification of Line-start Permanent-magnet Synchronous-motor Parameters Based on Dynamic Electrical Processes*","authors":"Vladimir Dmitrievskii;Aleksey Paramonov;Vadim Kazakbaev;Vladimir Prakht","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000101","url":null,"abstract":"Line-start permanent-magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSMs) are energy-efficient alternatives to induction motors. However, LSPMSMs are associated with synchronization difficulties when starting in cases of high inertia, heavy loads, or supply-voltage sags. Models with lumped parameters and parameter identification are used to study the starting processes. A novel approach for identifying the parameters of an LSPMSM is presented based on reduced experimental data that only include the recording of oscillograms of instantaneous currents and voltages when starting the LSPMSM from an idle state. The parameters of the lumped model are determined using the Nelder-Mead method while minimizing the root-mean-square error between the experimental and calculated waveforms. Multiple starts under different initial conditions are considered owing to uncertain initial conditions, and the initial conditions are excluded from the parameter space of the objective function. The proposed method is used to identify the parameters of a commercially available 0.55 kW, 1 500 r/min LSPMSM sample. The results obtained by modeling the starting processes of the LSPMSM using the identified parameters are similar to the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"206-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2025.000106
Hassen Smail;Mostafa Kamel Smail;Abdelhak Goudjil
Variable-speed generators (VSG) offer numerous benefits over fixed-speed generators. These advantages include significant fuel savings, reduced noise emissions, and extended engine lifespan. However, VSGs have a major drawback: their high manufacturing cost owing to the expensive permanent-magnet generators (PMGs) commonly used in these generators, as well as the large size of the power electronics section, which has the same power rating as the generator itself. A solution to reduce the initial investment cost by introducing a two-regime generator (TRG) is proposed. The first mode operates at a constant speed for loads exceeding 50%, without the need for a converter. The second mode operates at variable speeds for loads below 50% using a converter that reduces its power by 50%, thus decreasing the investment cost. Additionally, the cost can be further reduced by replacing the PMG with a brushless synchronous generator. The controller employed in this study is a two-loop proportional-integral-derivative controller that exhibits favorable dynamics and compensates for dead times and parameter variations. TRG have shown a significant reduction in cost compared to VSG while retaining the advantages of the latter.
{"title":"Efficiency Enhancement and Cost Reduction through Speed Optimization of Two-regime Generator Set with Three-stage Synchronous Alternator","authors":"Hassen Smail;Mostafa Kamel Smail;Abdelhak Goudjil","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000106","url":null,"abstract":"Variable-speed generators (VSG) offer numerous benefits over fixed-speed generators. These advantages include significant fuel savings, reduced noise emissions, and extended engine lifespan. However, VSGs have a major drawback: their high manufacturing cost owing to the expensive permanent-magnet generators (PMGs) commonly used in these generators, as well as the large size of the power electronics section, which has the same power rating as the generator itself. A solution to reduce the initial investment cost by introducing a two-regime generator (TRG) is proposed. The first mode operates at a constant speed for loads exceeding 50%, without the need for a converter. The second mode operates at variable speeds for loads below 50% using a converter that reduces its power by 50%, thus decreasing the investment cost. Additionally, the cost can be further reduced by replacing the PMG with a brushless synchronous generator. The controller employed in this study is a two-loop proportional-integral-derivative controller that exhibits favorable dynamics and compensates for dead times and parameter variations. TRG have shown a significant reduction in cost compared to VSG while retaining the advantages of the latter.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"194-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diode rectifier unit (DRU)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems are effective in achieving the stable and economical operation of offshore wind-power generation. Considering the uncontrollable characteristics of DRUs, a grid-forming (GFM) strategy for wind-turbine converters is necessary to support offshore AC voltage and frequency. However, the active power-synchronization control in traditional GFM converters is unsuitable for DRU-based GFM converters. Thus, the stability issue for DRU-based HVDC systems involving DRU-based GFM and grid-following (GFL) converters has not yet been addressed. To solve these issues, this study begins with the characteristics of a DRU-based HVDC system and presents a control scheme for DRU-based GFM converters for power synchronization. Subsequently, the dq-frame impedance model of the DRU-based GFM converter is proposed for the stability analysis of the entire HVDC system. Finally, a simulation platform is built to verify the model accuracy and system stability.
{"title":"Control, Modeling and Stability Analysis of DRU-based Grid-forming Converter*","authors":"Wencong Wu;Minzhi Wang;Liang Tu;Haiqing Cai;Guanglei Yan;Xiaohui Qu;Haohan Gu;Wei Chen","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000100","url":null,"abstract":"Diode rectifier unit (DRU)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems are effective in achieving the stable and economical operation of offshore wind-power generation. Considering the uncontrollable characteristics of DRUs, a grid-forming (GFM) strategy for wind-turbine converters is necessary to support offshore AC voltage and frequency. However, the active power-synchronization control in traditional GFM converters is unsuitable for DRU-based GFM converters. Thus, the stability issue for DRU-based HVDC systems involving DRU-based GFM and grid-following (GFL) converters has not yet been addressed. To solve these issues, this study begins with the characteristics of a DRU-based HVDC system and presents a control scheme for DRU-based GFM converters for power synchronization. Subsequently, the dq-frame impedance model of the DRU-based GFM converter is proposed for the stability analysis of the entire HVDC system. Finally, a simulation platform is built to verify the model accuracy and system stability.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2025.000096
Shaoxiong Nie;Jiahua Zhang;Wenxun Xiao;Guiping Du
Energy-harvesting technologies enable the extraction of energy from environmental sources characterized by extremely low voltages. A high-gain DC-DC converter with an ultralow input voltage is necessary for voltage conversion to supply energy to sensors, batteries, and other devices. However, existing ultra-low-voltage boost converters typically exhibit limited output power, posing significant challenges in fully utilizing the available energy, particularly in applications such as high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission line voltage-difference energy harvesting. To maximize the harvested energy, this study proposes a high-gain DC-DC converter designed for operation with ultra-low input voltage. The proposed converter utilizes a hybrid inductor-switch-capacitor (LSC) boost network, which offers advantages such as high voltage gain, increased output power, and straightforward control mechanisms. Experimental findings indicate that the converter achieves output power ranging from 10 to 210 mW with input voltages between 100 and 300 mV, delivering an output voltage of 5 V. This performance surpasses that of existing ultra-low-voltage boosting methods, providing a more effective solution for energy-harvesting applications.
{"title":"High-gain DC-DC Converter with Ultra-low Input Voltage*","authors":"Shaoxiong Nie;Jiahua Zhang;Wenxun Xiao;Guiping Du","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000096","url":null,"abstract":"Energy-harvesting technologies enable the extraction of energy from environmental sources characterized by extremely low voltages. A high-gain DC-DC converter with an ultralow input voltage is necessary for voltage conversion to supply energy to sensors, batteries, and other devices. However, existing ultra-low-voltage boost converters typically exhibit limited output power, posing significant challenges in fully utilizing the available energy, particularly in applications such as high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission line voltage-difference energy harvesting. To maximize the harvested energy, this study proposes a high-gain DC-DC converter designed for operation with ultra-low input voltage. The proposed converter utilizes a hybrid inductor-switch-capacitor (LSC) boost network, which offers advantages such as high voltage gain, increased output power, and straightforward control mechanisms. Experimental findings indicate that the converter achieves output power ranging from 10 to 210 mW with input voltages between 100 and 300 mV, delivering an output voltage of 5 V. This performance surpasses that of existing ultra-low-voltage boosting methods, providing a more effective solution for energy-harvesting applications.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In addressing voltage overruns and line losses in distribution networks with a high percentage of distributed photovoltaic (PV) connections, traditional on-load regulator transformers can achieve only fixed-step voltage regulation and have a limited switching lifespan. Consequently, a discrete-continuous two-layer optimization methodology for distribution networks, which accounts for power-converter-embedded hybrid on-load regulator transformers, has been proposed to adapt to rapid stochastic fluctuations associated with distribution networks having a high percentage of PV access. In the discrete layer, the mechanical ratio is employed as the decision variable at each moment. In the continuous layer, the power electronic converter ratio, STATCOM compensation capacity, and energy storage charging and discharging power are utilized as decision variables at each moment. A composite optimal allocation model is established with an integrated objective function comprising the PV consumption rate, operating costs, and line losses, while simultaneously ensuring that the voltage at each node remains within the prescribed limits. Based on this model, an improved particle swarm algorithm is employed to determine the optimal configuration. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed method is validated through enhancements of the IEEE 33 node system example.
{"title":"A Discrete-continuous Two-layer Optimization Methodology for Distribution Networks Considering Power Converter Embedded Hybrid On-load Regulator Transformers*","authors":"Xu Yang;Houyu He;Jin Zhu;Hongming Yang;Yu Zheng;Yu Lei;Zhuo Long;Yan Xu","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000105","url":null,"abstract":"In addressing voltage overruns and line losses in distribution networks with a high percentage of distributed photovoltaic (PV) connections, traditional on-load regulator transformers can achieve only fixed-step voltage regulation and have a limited switching lifespan. Consequently, a discrete-continuous two-layer optimization methodology for distribution networks, which accounts for power-converter-embedded hybrid on-load regulator transformers, has been proposed to adapt to rapid stochastic fluctuations associated with distribution networks having a high percentage of PV access. In the discrete layer, the mechanical ratio is employed as the decision variable at each moment. In the continuous layer, the power electronic converter ratio, STATCOM compensation capacity, and energy storage charging and discharging power are utilized as decision variables at each moment. A composite optimal allocation model is established with an integrated objective function comprising the PV consumption rate, operating costs, and line losses, while simultaneously ensuring that the voltage at each node remains within the prescribed limits. Based on this model, an improved particle swarm algorithm is employed to determine the optimal configuration. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed method is validated through enhancements of the IEEE 33 node system example.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2025.000103
Jianing Wang;Mingkai Chen;Shaolin Yu;Xing Zhang
The generation of power semiconductor devices defines a generation of power electronic converters. The efficiency and switching speed of power devices continue to improve, leading to higher converter operating frequencies and a continuous increase in power density. In particular, the emergence and widespread application of wide-bandgap power devices, such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride, have accelerated the process of high-frequency converter operations, significantly improving the power density of converters, which still have considerable room for improvement. One significant change brought about by high-frequency operation of converters is the increased impact of parasitics on circuit operation. With the significant increase in the system switching frequency and the dv/dt and di/dt of device switching, parasitics have a greater influence on circuit operation. Over the past decade, several studies on the analysis and modeling of parasitics have been published for various devices in converters, such as transformers, inductors, capacitors, and power devices; however, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive review to summarize the above research. A detailed summary of parasitics in power electronic converters is included, providing a systematic understanding of past work and future prospects.
{"title":"Review of Modeling and Analysis of Parasitics in Power Electronic Converters*","authors":"Jianing Wang;Mingkai Chen;Shaolin Yu;Xing Zhang","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000103","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of power semiconductor devices defines a generation of power electronic converters. The efficiency and switching speed of power devices continue to improve, leading to higher converter operating frequencies and a continuous increase in power density. In particular, the emergence and widespread application of wide-bandgap power devices, such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride, have accelerated the process of high-frequency converter operations, significantly improving the power density of converters, which still have considerable room for improvement. One significant change brought about by high-frequency operation of converters is the increased impact of parasitics on circuit operation. With the significant increase in the system switching frequency and the dv/dt and di/dt of device switching, parasitics have a greater influence on circuit operation. Over the past decade, several studies on the analysis and modeling of parasitics have been published for various devices in converters, such as transformers, inductors, capacitors, and power devices; however, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive review to summarize the above research. A detailed summary of parasitics in power electronic converters is included, providing a systematic understanding of past work and future prospects.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"151-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.23919/CJEE.2025.000114
Jiaqi Yu;Wenming Guo;Feng Zhou;Linjin Xie;Mingmin Zhang;Lihua Cao
A novel discrete-time frequency-locked loop (FLL) for three-phase grid-connected power converters that features rapid dynamic response and low computational cost is introduced. Firstly, a simplified nonlinear frequency-estimation model that leverages the inherent orthogonality of voltage signals in the $a$β- frame, along with an optimal fixed-length delay, is proposed. Subsequently, a discrete-time FLL structure is developed based on this model. In addition, a convergence analysis and parameter design are presented. Finally, a comparative experiment with established methods is conducted, and the results demonstrate that the proposed FLL offers a faster dynamic response, requires fewer parameters to be tuned, ensures a smoother startup process, and maintains a relatively lower computational cost.
{"title":"Novel Discrete-time Frequency-locked Loop for Three-phase Grid-connected Power Converters*","authors":"Jiaqi Yu;Wenming Guo;Feng Zhou;Linjin Xie;Mingmin Zhang;Lihua Cao","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000114","url":null,"abstract":"A novel discrete-time frequency-locked loop (FLL) for three-phase grid-connected power converters that features rapid dynamic response and low computational cost is introduced. Firstly, a simplified nonlinear frequency-estimation model that leverages the inherent orthogonality of voltage signals in the <tex>$a$</tex>β- frame, along with an optimal fixed-length delay, is proposed. Subsequently, a discrete-time FLL structure is developed based on this model. In addition, a convergence analysis and parameter design are presented. Finally, a comparative experiment with established methods is conducted, and the results demonstrate that the proposed FLL offers a faster dynamic response, requires fewer parameters to be tuned, ensures a smoother startup process, and maintains a relatively lower computational cost.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"174-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In DC microgrid systems, interleaved boost converters (IBCs) are widely used to boost the output voltage of renewable energy sources on the source side of a DC bus owing to their high voltage gain and low current ripple. However, because power electronic converters on the load side behave as constant power loads (CPLs) with negative impedance characteristics, their high penetration can degrade the system stability. Therefore, this article proposes a fractional-order nonlinear controller integrated with an extended nonlinear disturbance observer (ENDO) for N-phase IBCs. First, the reduced-order model of the IBC is transformed into a canonical form using the differential geometric method. Subsequently, with the ENDO, the dynamic performance can be enhanced by estimating the disturbances, and a fractional-order nonlinear sliding surface is established to avoid the singularity problem and increase control flexibility. In addition, the stability of the proposed controller is analyzed using Lyapunov's theorem. In a CPL variation test, the proposed controller exhibited a faster dynamic performance and lower tracking error than conventional controllers, with at least a 27% improvement in the integral squared error (ISE). Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the controller, which can ensure large-signal stability and improved dynamic performance in DC microgrid systems.
{"title":"N-phase Interleaved Boost Converter with Constant Power Loads Stabilized under Large Disturbances Using a Fractional-order Nonlinear Controller*","authors":"Yanfeng Chen;Shikai Chen;Yong Su;Bo Zhang;Dongyuan Qiu","doi":"10.23919/CJEE.2025.000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/CJEE.2025.000122","url":null,"abstract":"In DC microgrid systems, interleaved boost converters (IBCs) are widely used to boost the output voltage of renewable energy sources on the source side of a DC bus owing to their high voltage gain and low current ripple. However, because power electronic converters on the load side behave as constant power loads (CPLs) with negative impedance characteristics, their high penetration can degrade the system stability. Therefore, this article proposes a fractional-order nonlinear controller integrated with an extended nonlinear disturbance observer (ENDO) for N-phase IBCs. First, the reduced-order model of the IBC is transformed into a canonical form using the differential geometric method. Subsequently, with the ENDO, the dynamic performance can be enhanced by estimating the disturbances, and a fractional-order nonlinear sliding surface is established to avoid the singularity problem and increase control flexibility. In addition, the stability of the proposed controller is analyzed using Lyapunov's theorem. In a CPL variation test, the proposed controller exhibited a faster dynamic performance and lower tracking error than conventional controllers, with at least a 27% improvement in the integral squared error (ISE). Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the controller, which can ensure large-signal stability and improved dynamic performance in DC microgrid systems.","PeriodicalId":36428,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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