An Incident Investigation system based on a combination of Fault Tree Analysis logic and the Deming Principles of Systems and Quality was developed during a three-year period. The system was given an excellent test in the investigation of the explosion of a tank car filled with methacrylic acid. In this case, the Event Tree constructed during the investigation was easily converted into a Fault Tree. The Fault Tree so constructed was then used to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed corrective changes to the production, loading, and analytical systems before the changes were actually implemented. By making use of these tools to guide the addition of feedback loops (“And” Gates in fault Tree terminology), the intrinsic safety of the methacrylic acid production and shipping system was greatly enhanced at a relatively low cost.
{"title":"More bang for the buck: Getting the most from accident investigations","authors":"S. E. Anderson, R. W. Skloss","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110309","url":null,"abstract":"An Incident Investigation system based on a combination of Fault Tree Analysis logic and the Deming Principles of Systems and Quality was developed during a three-year period. The system was given an excellent test in the investigation of the explosion of a tank car filled with methacrylic acid. In this case, the Event Tree constructed during the investigation was easily converted into a Fault Tree. The Fault Tree so constructed was then used to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed corrective changes to the production, loading, and analytical systems before the changes were actually implemented. By making use of these tools to guide the addition of feedback loops (“And” Gates in fault Tree terminology), the intrinsic safety of the methacrylic acid production and shipping system was greatly enhanced at a relatively low cost.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128048665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The approach discussed in this paper is an attempt to allow a broader application of a loss prevention technique and to insure efficacy of the technique.
本文讨论的方法是一种尝试，允许更广泛地应用一种损失预防技术，并确保该技术的有效性。
{"title":"Analysis of vent area estimation methods for non-nomograph gases","authors":"K. Chatrathi","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110313","url":null,"abstract":"The approach discussed in this paper is an attempt to allow a broader application of a loss prevention technique and to insure efficacy of the technique.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122493740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present codes and practices for the design of relief systems in which rupture discs are used are based either on non-typical system configurations or on “rule of thumb” default values of rupture disc flow parameters. There is a need to develop code methods and common practices based on actual relief system configurations, as well as test methods for determining the actual flow resistance of specific rupture disc devices. The methodology reported here is appropriate for these needs.
{"title":"Measurement of flow resistance of rupture disc devices","authors":"J. Huff, K. Shaw","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110316","url":null,"abstract":"Present codes and practices for the design of relief systems in which rupture discs are used are based either on non-typical system configurations or on “rule of thumb” default values of rupture disc flow parameters. There is a need to develop code methods and common practices based on actual relief system configurations, as well as test methods for determining the actual flow resistance of specific rupture disc devices. The methodology reported here is appropriate for these needs.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114148505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential for dust explosion from electrostatic discharge in pneumatic Conveying systems has been reviewed. The importance of lab testing to determine electrostatic charging of powders in contact with materials of construction is illustrated. Correlation of predicted voltage fields (from lab testing) to full scale is good. With the voltage field information, ESD potential at various parts of the pneumatic conveying system can be determined (primarily in receivers, silo and separator).
{"title":"Electrostatic hazards of pneumatic conveying of powders","authors":"C. Dahn","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110317","url":null,"abstract":"The potential for dust explosion from electrostatic discharge in pneumatic Conveying systems has been reviewed. The importance of lab testing to determine electrostatic charging of powders in contact with materials of construction is illustrated. Correlation of predicted voltage fields (from lab testing) to full scale is good. With the voltage field information, ESD potential at various parts of the pneumatic conveying system can be determined (primarily in receivers, silo and separator).","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132914910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last fifteen years Delft University of Technology has developed a unique educational program in its undergraduate curriculum. In this program health, safety, environmental and social aspects of chemical engineering are studied explicitly in separate courses while being integrated into the whole of educational and research activities. The program's activities include a required (“dedicated”) third year course, Chemical Risk Management, which covers environment as well as safety. There is also a required first year course, Chemistry and Society/Industrial Orientation, which studies how industries and government react to environmental and safety problems. Another required activity is the Safety Report, which fourth year and graduate students must write and have accepted in order to be allowed to carry out laboratory work. All these activities are closely related to and coordinated with one other. The program, which has been followed by more than two thousand students over the last fifteen years, requires extensive cooperation with industry.
{"title":"A unique program for integrating health, safety, environment and social aspects into undergraduate chemical engineering education","authors":"S. Lemkowitz","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110308","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last fifteen years Delft University of Technology has developed a unique educational program in its undergraduate curriculum. In this program health, safety, environmental and social aspects of chemical engineering are studied explicitly in separate courses while being integrated into the whole of educational and research activities. The program's activities include a required (“dedicated”) third year course, Chemical Risk Management, which covers environment as well as safety. There is also a required first year course, Chemistry and Society/Industrial Orientation, which studies how industries and government react to environmental and safety problems. Another required activity is the Safety Report, which fourth year and graduate students must write and have accepted in order to be allowed to carry out laboratory work. All these activities are closely related to and coordinated with one other. The program, which has been followed by more than two thousand students over the last fifteen years, requires extensive cooperation with industry.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123789511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MIACC is a unique not-for-profit organization using a consultative process to reduce the risk posed by potential major accidents involving dangerous substances. Working Groups, consisting of partner members, develop products based on recommendations made in the Bhopal Aftermath Review.1 Consensus reports, approved by the stakeholder, result in National Standards and Guidelines which are intended to be practical and acceptable to industry and government alike.
{"title":"MIACC (major industrial accidents council of Canada): A Canadian consensus group of stakeholders working on safety issues prior to legislation","authors":"J. Easterbrook","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110306","url":null,"abstract":"MIACC is a unique not-for-profit organization using a consultative process to reduce the risk posed by potential major accidents involving dangerous substances. Working Groups, consisting of partner members, develop products based on recommendations made in the Bhopal Aftermath Review.1 Consensus reports, approved by the stakeholder, result in National Standards and Guidelines which are intended to be practical and acceptable to industry and government alike.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121743529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A recent runaway reaction emergency relief system design includes a passive quench tank to collect and contain the two-phase emergency relief discharge. This avoids the release of a large vapor cloud to the atmosphere and the attendant flammability and toxicity hazards. The feasibility of quenching is demonstrated with small scale experiments. A pressure relief simulation model is shown to accurately reproduce the observed temperature and pressure profiles in both the reactor and quench tank during relief. The model is then applied to the design of a full scale system. Quench system design considerations are discussed.
{"title":"Emergency pressure relief discharge control by passive quenching—update","authors":"A. Keiter","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110310","url":null,"abstract":"A recent runaway reaction emergency relief system design includes a passive quench tank to collect and contain the two-phase emergency relief discharge. This avoids the release of a large vapor cloud to the atmosphere and the attendant flammability and toxicity hazards. The feasibility of quenching is demonstrated with small scale experiments. A pressure relief simulation model is shown to accurately reproduce the observed temperature and pressure profiles in both the reactor and quench tank during relief. The model is then applied to the design of a full scale system. Quench system design considerations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130934281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine Rutch, K. J. Anselmo, R. E. Linney, J. H. Sheesley
The object of this analysis was to estimate the frequency of tornadoes with certain wind speeds hitting areas of concern, and to display this information easily and understandably. The results serve as a tool for risk analysis and loss prevention for industrial complexes, which can have large structures that are vulnerable to tornado destruction. A database containing detailed information about 31,000 tornadoes occurring across the U.S.A., was obtained. The frequency, total damaged area, and wind speed of tornadoes occurring across the country were calculated from the historical data. This information was used to quantify the risk of tornado occurrence. The results were reported on a color-coded map detailing the probabilities in 1° × 1° areas, where they can be easily understood and distributed.
{"title":"Toronado risk analysis","authors":"Christine Rutch, K. J. Anselmo, R. E. Linney, J. H. Sheesley","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110307","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this analysis was to estimate the frequency of tornadoes with certain wind speeds hitting areas of concern, and to display this information easily and understandably. The results serve as a tool for risk analysis and loss prevention for industrial complexes, which can have large structures that are vulnerable to tornado destruction. A database containing detailed information about 31,000 tornadoes occurring across the U.S.A., was obtained. The frequency, total damaged area, and wind speed of tornadoes occurring across the country were calculated from the historical data. This information was used to quantify the risk of tornado occurrence. The results were reported on a color-coded map detailing the probabilities in 1° × 1° areas, where they can be easily understood and distributed.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121575340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Combustible dusts such as flour, sugar, metals, plastics and coal are produced as end- or by-products in many industries, including the chemical process industries. The risk of fire or explosion in the handling of these dusts has prompted considerable research effort in the areas of explosion prevention and mitigation. While this work has generally resulted in safer plant operation, the dust explosion hazard has not been eliminated.
{"title":"Dust explosion prevention by addition of thermal inhibitors","authors":"P. Amyotte, M. Pegg","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110312","url":null,"abstract":"Combustible dusts such as flour, sugar, metals, plastics and coal are produced as end- or by-products in many industries, including the chemical process industries. The risk of fire or explosion in the handling of these dusts has prompted considerable research effort in the areas of explosion prevention and mitigation. While this work has generally resulted in safer plant operation, the dust explosion hazard has not been eliminated.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125228091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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