Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-138-146
I. V. Totsky, R. Li, O. Shoeva
Background. Barley grain contains such flavonoid compounds as proanthocyanidins. Despite their positive effect on plant adaptation to environmental conditions, they can worsen the quality of raw materials used in barley products. In this context, releasing proanthocyanidin-free cultivars is an important task. Mutants at the Ant25, Ant26 and Ant27 loci with unknown molecular functions can be used as donors of recessive alleles of the genes specifically controlling proanthocyanidin synthesis in barley grain. This study explored the effect of these loci on barley plant growth and development. A conclusion was made about their functional role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the expediency of using such mutants in the breeding of proanthocyanidin-free cultivars. Materials and methods. The weight of grains, roots and shoots, the length of the main shoot, and the number of lateral shoots were measured in mutants and original cultivars grown in a hydroponic greenhouse. The harvest index was calculated as the ratio of grain weight to total plant biomass. Differences between genotypes were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Results. The ant25.264 and ant27.488 mutants showed lower values of all analyzed characters than the parental cultivars ‘Secobra18193’ and ‘Zenit’, respectively. The ant27.2043 mutant had a shorter main shoot, less grain weight, and lower harvest index compared to cv. ‘Arena’, but did not differ from the original cultivar in other characters. Mutants at the Ant26 locus demonstrated no differences from the parental cultivar ‘Grit’ in all parameters, except the ant26.486 mutant whose root weight exceeded the cultivar’s value. Conclusion. The effect of the Ant25 and Ant27 loci on plant growth and development was proved. Mutants at the Ant26 locus, with no negative effect on plant development, may be recommended to barley breeders as promising donors for the development of proanthocyadin-free cultivars.
{"title":"The effect of the Ant25, Ant26 and Ant27 loci controlling proanthocyanidin synthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain on plant growth and development","authors":"I. V. Totsky, R. Li, O. Shoeva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-138-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-138-146","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Barley grain contains such flavonoid compounds as proanthocyanidins. Despite their positive effect on plant adaptation to environmental conditions, they can worsen the quality of raw materials used in barley products. In this context, releasing proanthocyanidin-free cultivars is an important task. Mutants at the Ant25, Ant26 and Ant27 loci with unknown molecular functions can be used as donors of recessive alleles of the genes specifically controlling proanthocyanidin synthesis in barley grain. This study explored the effect of these loci on barley plant growth and development. A conclusion was made about their functional role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the expediency of using such mutants in the breeding of proanthocyanidin-free cultivars. Materials and methods. The weight of grains, roots and shoots, the length of the main shoot, and the number of lateral shoots were measured in mutants and original cultivars grown in a hydroponic greenhouse. The harvest index was calculated as the ratio of grain weight to total plant biomass. Differences between genotypes were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Results. The ant25.264 and ant27.488 mutants showed lower values of all analyzed characters than the parental cultivars ‘Secobra18193’ and ‘Zenit’, respectively. The ant27.2043 mutant had a shorter main shoot, less grain weight, and lower harvest index compared to cv. ‘Arena’, but did not differ from the original cultivar in other characters. Mutants at the Ant26 locus demonstrated no differences from the parental cultivar ‘Grit’ in all parameters, except the ant26.486 mutant whose root weight exceeded the cultivar’s value. Conclusion. The effect of the Ant25 and Ant27 loci on plant growth and development was proved. Mutants at the Ant26 locus, with no negative effect on plant development, may be recommended to barley breeders as promising donors for the development of proanthocyadin-free cultivars.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 370","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-116-127
M. Fomina, Yu. S. Ivanova, N. Bragin, M. V. Bragina
Background. Spring oats play an essential role in the search for a comprehensive solution of urgent problems associated with the development of a solid fodder resource base that could meet the need of animal husbandry for high-quality feeds. Adequate animal feeding is possible when high-quality fodders are available and the rations are well balanced in basic nutrients. Materials and methods. Field studies were conducted in Tyumen Province on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2016–2023. The tested materials included spring oat cultivars and breeding lines, with cv. ʻTalismanʼ serving as the reference. Productivity was assessed according to the harvested dry matter, crude and digestible protein, crude and digestible fat, crude and digestible fiber, and crude and digestible nitrogen-free extracts (NFE). To do this, the yield of green biomass in the phase of milky ripeness was taken into account, and the contents of dry matter and nutrients in it were measured. Results. Promising breeding lines were evaluated for their fodder productivity (green biomass yield and the collected dry matter, protein, fat, fiber, and NFE). Digestible energy value of the tested oats was calculated in feed units (FU) and in joules of metabolizable energy (ME) and gross energy (GE). Energy digestibility (ED) and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) andmetabolizable energy (ME) were measured. Conclusion. Cvs. ʻTobolyakʼ, ʻRaduzhnyʼ and ʻSiriusʼ were the best in fodder productivity. Cvs. ʻMegionʼ, ʻOtradaʼ, ʻFomaʼ, ʻTobolyakʼ, and line TM 07-95-16 were identified for the highest digestible energy value. They provided 0.85–0.86 FU per 1 kg of dry matter and formed 835.5–842.5 kJ of ME and 1708.1–1734.6 kJ of GE per 100 kg of dry matter. Their ED was 63.5–65.8 %, with 1092.87–1141.36 kJ/kg of DE and 896.15–935.91 kJ/kg of ME.
{"title":"Fodder productivity and digestible energy value of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars and breeding lines under the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals","authors":"M. Fomina, Yu. S. Ivanova, N. Bragin, M. V. Bragina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-116-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-116-127","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Spring oats play an essential role in the search for a comprehensive solution of urgent problems associated with the development of a solid fodder resource base that could meet the need of animal husbandry for high-quality feeds. Adequate animal feeding is possible when high-quality fodders are available and the rations are well balanced in basic nutrients. Materials and methods. Field studies were conducted in Tyumen Province on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2016–2023. The tested materials included spring oat cultivars and breeding lines, with cv. ʻTalismanʼ serving as the reference. Productivity was assessed according to the harvested dry matter, crude and digestible protein, crude and digestible fat, crude and digestible fiber, and crude and digestible nitrogen-free extracts (NFE). To do this, the yield of green biomass in the phase of milky ripeness was taken into account, and the contents of dry matter and nutrients in it were measured. Results. Promising breeding lines were evaluated for their fodder productivity (green biomass yield and the collected dry matter, protein, fat, fiber, and NFE). Digestible energy value of the tested oats was calculated in feed units (FU) and in joules of metabolizable energy (ME) and gross energy (GE). Energy digestibility (ED) and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) andmetabolizable energy (ME) were measured. Conclusion. Cvs. ʻTobolyakʼ, ʻRaduzhnyʼ and ʻSiriusʼ were the best in fodder productivity. Cvs. ʻMegionʼ, ʻOtradaʼ, ʻFomaʼ, ʻTobolyakʼ, and line TM 07-95-16 were identified for the highest digestible energy value. They provided 0.85–0.86 FU per 1 kg of dry matter and formed 835.5–842.5 kJ of ME and 1708.1–1734.6 kJ of GE per 100 kg of dry matter. Their ED was 63.5–65.8 %, with 1092.87–1141.36 kJ/kg of DE and 896.15–935.91 kJ/kg of ME.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 1049","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-69-81
N. G. Nilov, I. I. Ryff, S. P. Berezovskaya, V. Stamatidi, M. S. Popova, V. A. Volynkin, V. V. Llikhovskoi
Background. Salt stress reduces water supply and causes ionic imbalance in the plant, eventually leading to a decrease in plant growth, functional activity, and productivity. Variable salinity levels in the field make it difficult to select salt-tolerant cultivars, so a need for other testing methods arises. Materials and methods. The plant material consisted of two own-rooted Vitis vinifera (L.) genotypes: cv. ‘Asma’, and hybrid M. No. 8-08-8-4 (‘Kok Pandas’ × ‘Zeibel 6357’). Salt stress was simulated by treating with NaCl at 0, 50, 80, 100, and 120 mM concentrations. Water status was measured by the leaf water potential (Ψ) using a pressure chamber. Changes in the leaf areaand total root length were assessed in vitro. Results. Salt stress affected growth characteristics and yield structure of both own-rooted vines, but hybrid M. No. 8-08-8-4 was more sensitive. The hybrid showed greater yield reduction (38.6 %) than cv. ‘Asma’ (28.4 %), while the mass concentration of sugars was higher in ‘Asma’. The greatest differences in the predawn leaf water potential were observed for ‘Asma’ and M. No. 8-08-8-4 on the 45th day of irrigation with water containing different NaCl concentrations. The root length of the more salt-tolerant cultivar reduced in vitro to a greater extent. Conclusion. The functional abilities of a cultivar depend on the level of salinization and the genotype. Cv. ‘Asma’ demonstrated higher salt tolerance compared to hybrid M. No. 8-08-8-4. Leaf water potentials characterizing the water status of plants were measured. The responses to salinization were the same in the vines grown in vivo and in vitro, so it is possible to perform testing for salt tolerance in vitro.
背景。盐胁迫会减少水分供应，导致植物体内离子失衡，最终导致植物生长、功能活动和生产力下降。田间的盐度水平不一，很难选择耐盐栽培品种，因此需要其他测试方法。 材料和方法植物材料包括两种自根葡萄（Vitis vinifera (L.)）基因型：变种 "Asma "和杂交种 M. 编号 8-08-8-4（"Kok Pandas" × "Zeibel 6357"）。通过 0、50、80、100 和 120 毫摩尔浓度的氯化钠模拟盐胁迫。水分状况是通过叶片水势（Ψ）用压力室测量的。对叶面积和根总长度的变化进行离体评估。 结果盐胁迫影响了两种自根葡萄藤的生长特性和产量结构，但杂交种 M. 8-08-8-4 号更为敏感。该杂交种的减产幅度（38.6%）大于变种 "Asma"（28.4%），而 "Asma "的糖分浓度更高。在用含不同浓度 NaCl 的水灌溉的第 45 天，'Asma'和 M. 8-08-8-4 的黎明前叶片水势差异最大。耐盐性更强的栽培品种的根长在体外减少的程度更大。 结论栽培品种的功能能力取决于盐碱化程度和基因型。Cv.与杂交种 M. 8-08-8-4 相比，'Asma'表现出更高的耐盐性。叶片水势的测量表征了植物的水分状况。体内和体外生长的葡萄藤对盐碱化的反应相同，因此可以在体外进行耐盐性测试。
{"title":"Responses of grapevine genotypes to abiotic stress","authors":"N. G. Nilov, I. I. Ryff, S. P. Berezovskaya, V. Stamatidi, M. S. Popova, V. A. Volynkin, V. V. Llikhovskoi","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-69-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-69-81","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Salt stress reduces water supply and causes ionic imbalance in the plant, eventually leading to a decrease in plant growth, functional activity, and productivity. Variable salinity levels in the field make it difficult to select salt-tolerant cultivars, so a need for other testing methods arises. Materials and methods. The plant material consisted of two own-rooted Vitis vinifera (L.) genotypes: cv. ‘Asma’, and hybrid M. No. 8-08-8-4 (‘Kok Pandas’ × ‘Zeibel 6357’). Salt stress was simulated by treating with NaCl at 0, 50, 80, 100, and 120 mM concentrations. Water status was measured by the leaf water potential (Ψ) using a pressure chamber. Changes in the leaf areaand total root length were assessed in vitro. Results. Salt stress affected growth characteristics and yield structure of both own-rooted vines, but hybrid M. No. 8-08-8-4 was more sensitive. The hybrid showed greater yield reduction (38.6 %) than cv. ‘Asma’ (28.4 %), while the mass concentration of sugars was higher in ‘Asma’. The greatest differences in the predawn leaf water potential were observed for ‘Asma’ and M. No. 8-08-8-4 on the 45th day of irrigation with water containing different NaCl concentrations. The root length of the more salt-tolerant cultivar reduced in vitro to a greater extent. Conclusion. The functional abilities of a cultivar depend on the level of salinization and the genotype. Cv. ‘Asma’ demonstrated higher salt tolerance compared to hybrid M. No. 8-08-8-4. Leaf water potentials characterizing the water status of plants were measured. The responses to salinization were the same in the vines grown in vivo and in vitro, so it is possible to perform testing for salt tolerance in vitro.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-82-94
I. Zaytseva, I. Shchennikova, E. M. Lisitsyn
Background. The problem of improving barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain quality, in particular grain protein content, is of practical importance for breeding. The objective was to select high-protein genetic sources of spring barley for breeding new cultivars and search for possibilities of predicting grain protein content according to the chlorophyll content in leaves. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in 2018–2020 on 28 barley genotypes of different ecogeographic origin in accordance with conventional methods. Grain protein content was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy, and chlorophyll content was measured spectrophotometrically in acetone leaf extracts using the method: Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Results and conclusion. Average grain protein content significantly correlated with the amount of precipitations (r = 0.67), the sum of effective temperatures (r = 0.75) and the hydrothermal coefficient (r = 0.76) during the growing season. Genotypes with high grain protein content, high test weight, and grain uniformity were selected. Accessions k-30574 and k-30256 showing high yields and resistance to lodging are promising for the development of high-protein cultivars. Accessions k-15619, k-30379 and k-31046 demonstrated high plasti city in their protein content parameters. Accession k-5983 was characterized by consistently high grain protein content. Statistically significant correlations between chlorophyll content in the flag leaf and grain protein content were found in a set of accessions with environmental plasticity (bi) values lower than 1.0 (r = 0.585…–0.645). A decrease in protein content was observed in extensive-type accessions with increased pigment content in leaves (r = –0.643 and –0.638 for Chl a and Chl b, respectively; r = –0.645 for the total chlorophyll). A high Chl a/b ratio may serve as an indicator of higher grain protein content levels in such genotypes (r = 0.585).
{"title":"Source material for breeding spring barley cultivars with high grain quality","authors":"I. Zaytseva, I. Shchennikova, E. M. Lisitsyn","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-82-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-82-94","url":null,"abstract":" Background. The problem of improving barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain quality, in particular grain protein content, is of practical importance for breeding. The objective was to select high-protein genetic sources of spring barley for breeding new cultivars and search for possibilities of predicting grain protein content according to the chlorophyll content in leaves. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in 2018–2020 on 28 barley genotypes of different ecogeographic origin in accordance with conventional methods. Grain protein content was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy, and chlorophyll content was measured spectrophotometrically in acetone leaf extracts using the method: Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Results and conclusion. Average grain protein content significantly correlated with the amount of precipitations (r = 0.67), the sum of effective temperatures (r = 0.75) and the hydrothermal coefficient (r = 0.76) during the growing season. Genotypes with high grain protein content, high test weight, and grain uniformity were selected. Accessions k-30574 and k-30256 showing high yields and resistance to lodging are promising for the development of high-protein cultivars. Accessions k-15619, k-30379 and k-31046 demonstrated high plasti city in their protein content parameters. Accession k-5983 was characterized by consistently high grain protein content. Statistically significant correlations between chlorophyll content in the flag leaf and grain protein content were found in a set of accessions with environmental plasticity (bi) values lower than 1.0 (r = 0.585…–0.645). A decrease in protein content was observed in extensive-type accessions with increased pigment content in leaves (r = –0.643 and –0.638 for Chl a and Chl b, respectively; r = –0.645 for the total chlorophyll). A high Chl a/b ratio may serve as an indicator of higher grain protein content levels in such genotypes (r = 0.585).","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-95-105
N. Mironenko, N. Kovalenko, O. A. Baranova, A. G. Khakimova, O. Mitrofanova
Background. The fungus causing tan spot on wheat leaves, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), continues to expand its range and inflict severe damage to the crop. Development of resistant cultivars remains the most effective and environmentally friendly way of disease control. The objective was to characterize modern domestic cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) according to their seedling resistance to geographically different Ptr populations, identify sources of Ptr resistance, locate the presence of dominant Tsn1 alleles in cultivars, and assess their relationship with Ptr susceptibility. Materials and methods. Ptr resistance was assessed in 76 winter bread wheat cultivars from the VIR collection, and 4 winter and 43 spring bread wheat cultivars from the Volga region. Isolates from the Krasnodar, Tambov, Tatarstan and Altai Ptr populations (2022) served as the inoculum. Dominant Tsn1 alleles were identified by PCR using the Xfcp623 marker. Results. Bread wheat cultivars were characterized for the type of response in the leaves of their seedlings to isolates from Ptr populations and the presence/absence of dominant Tsn1 alleles. Resistance to isolates from two or three Ptr populations was observed in 11 winter and 13 spring cultivars. Differences between winter and spring forms in their resistance levels wereshown. Dominant Tsn1 alleles were identified in 26 cultivars. No statistically significant association was found between the presence/absence of dominant Tsn1 alleles and the manifestation of resistance/susceptibility to Ptr. Conclusion. The disclosed diversity of bread wheat cultivars in their responses to the infection with isolates of different Ptr populations may be due to their differences in the alleles of Ptr resistance/susceptibility genes as well as the presence of still unknown effector genes in the pathogen’s genome. Cultivars resistant to two or three Ptr populations can be used by breeders as sources of seedling resistance.
{"title":"Seedling resistance of winter and spring bread wheat cultivars to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis","authors":"N. Mironenko, N. Kovalenko, O. A. Baranova, A. G. Khakimova, O. Mitrofanova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-95-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-95-105","url":null,"abstract":" Background. The fungus causing tan spot on wheat leaves, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), continues to expand its range and inflict severe damage to the crop. Development of resistant cultivars remains the most effective and environmentally friendly way of disease control. The objective was to characterize modern domestic cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) according to their seedling resistance to geographically different Ptr populations, identify sources of Ptr resistance, locate the presence of dominant Tsn1 alleles in cultivars, and assess their relationship with Ptr susceptibility. Materials and methods. Ptr resistance was assessed in 76 winter bread wheat cultivars from the VIR collection, and 4 winter and 43 spring bread wheat cultivars from the Volga region. Isolates from the Krasnodar, Tambov, Tatarstan and Altai Ptr populations (2022) served as the inoculum. Dominant Tsn1 alleles were identified by PCR using the Xfcp623 marker. Results. Bread wheat cultivars were characterized for the type of response in the leaves of their seedlings to isolates from Ptr populations and the presence/absence of dominant Tsn1 alleles. Resistance to isolates from two or three Ptr populations was observed in 11 winter and 13 spring cultivars. Differences between winter and spring forms in their resistance levels wereshown. Dominant Tsn1 alleles were identified in 26 cultivars. No statistically significant association was found between the presence/absence of dominant Tsn1 alleles and the manifestation of resistance/susceptibility to Ptr. Conclusion. The disclosed diversity of bread wheat cultivars in their responses to the infection with isolates of different Ptr populations may be due to their differences in the alleles of Ptr resistance/susceptibility genes as well as the presence of still unknown effector genes in the pathogen’s genome. Cultivars resistant to two or three Ptr populations can be used by breeders as sources of seedling resistance.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-50-59
Tong Van Giang, Tran Thi Huyen, Nguyen Huu Hai
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a vital aromatic crop widely utilized in culinary and fragrance industries. The present study was conducted to implement a two-year field experiment (2019 and 2020) aimed to assess the impact of various fertilizers on the growth, yield, and essential oil composition of basil cultivated in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. The fertilizer treatments included: no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer (NPK at 90-120-90 kg/ha), cow manure, chicken manure, and a combination of chemical fertilizer, cow manure, and chicken manure. The application of fertilizers resulted in significant improvements across various parameters compared to the control group. Basil plants treated with fertilizers exhibited increased height, la teral stem count, fresh and dry yields, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, essential oil yield, and essential oil content. The essential oil extracted from basil contained notable volatile compounds, with methyl chavicol, linalool, β-elemene, and epi-α-cadinol identified as the major constituents. The proportions of these compounds varied among the fertilizer treatments. Notably, the combined fertilization approach involving chemical fertilizers, cow manure, and chicken manure emerged as the most effective and significant in promoting basil growth and essential oil production. These findings not only contribute to the optimization of basil cultivation practices but also provide insights for the agricultural community, emphasizing the importance of balanced fertilization for maximizing the quality and yield of basil essential oil in the Vietnamese context.
{"title":"Application of combined fertilizers to improve growth, yield and essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)","authors":"Tong Van Giang, Tran Thi Huyen, Nguyen Huu Hai","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-50-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-50-59","url":null,"abstract":" Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a vital aromatic crop widely utilized in culinary and fragrance industries. The present study was conducted to implement a two-year field experiment (2019 and 2020) aimed to assess the impact of various fertilizers on the growth, yield, and essential oil composition of basil cultivated in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. The fertilizer treatments included: no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer (NPK at 90-120-90 kg/ha), cow manure, chicken manure, and a combination of chemical fertilizer, cow manure, and chicken manure. The application of fertilizers resulted in significant improvements across various parameters compared to the control group. Basil plants treated with fertilizers exhibited increased height, la teral stem count, fresh and dry yields, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, essential oil yield, and essential oil content. The essential oil extracted from basil contained notable volatile compounds, with methyl chavicol, linalool, β-elemene, and epi-α-cadinol identified as the major constituents. The proportions of these compounds varied among the fertilizer treatments. Notably, the combined fertilization approach involving chemical fertilizers, cow manure, and chicken manure emerged as the most effective and significant in promoting basil growth and essential oil production. These findings not only contribute to the optimization of basil cultivation practices but also provide insights for the agricultural community, emphasizing the importance of balanced fertilization for maximizing the quality and yield of basil essential oil in the Vietnamese context.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-60-68
Iuliia V. Dashtoian, A. V. Kalinina
Background. A study of morphological, anatomical and physiological parameters of plants obtained as a result of introgressive breeding is important for assessing the prospects of their further use. Materials and methods. Spring bread wheat plants of cv. ‘Dobrynya’ and a set of introgressive wheat lines with Аegilops columnaris Zhuk. genetic material were studied. The area of flag leaves was measured. Preparations of macerated leaf tissue were used to analyze mesophyll parameters. Spectrophotometric techniques were applied to determine the composition of photosynthetic pigments in the flag leaf. Results and conclusion. A negative effect of substitutions of chromosomes 2A, 5B, 6A and 6D for chromosomes of the U and X genomes on the size of the flag leaf area was disclosed. There were no significant differences in cell shape and size among the lines and in comparison with the recipient cultivar. Changes in the content of pigments in flag leaf laminae have been recorded. Increased content of all groups of pigments was observed in the lines containing substitutions 6A(6G), 6B(6X) and 5B(5X)6A(6X). Substitution 2A(2U) led to a decrease in the level of chlorophyll, the ratio of chlorophyll a to b, and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoids.
背景。研究通过引种育种获得的植物的形态、解剖和生理参数对于评估其进一步利用的前景非常重要。 材料和方法研究了'Dobrynya'变种的春面包小麦植株和一组带有Аegilops columnaris Zhuk.遗传物质的小麦引种品系。测量了旗叶的面积。浸渍叶组织的制备用于分析叶肉参数。采用分光光度法确定旗叶中光合色素的组成。 结果和结论结果表明，将 2A、5B、6A 和 6D 染色体替换为 U 和 X 基因组的染色体对旗叶面积的大小有负面影响。各品系的细胞形状和大小与受体栽培品种相比没有明显差异。研究还记录了旗叶叶片中色素含量的变化。在含有 6A(6G)、6B(6X) 和 5B(5X)6A(6X) 替代物的品系中，所有色素组的含量都有所增加。取代 2A(2U) 则导致叶绿素含量、叶绿素 a 与叶绿素 b 的比例以及叶绿素与类胡萝卜素的比例下降。
{"title":"Some anatomical, morphological and physiological features of the flag leaf in introgressive bread wheat lines with Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. genetic material","authors":"Iuliia V. Dashtoian, A. V. Kalinina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-60-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-60-68","url":null,"abstract":" Background. A study of morphological, anatomical and physiological parameters of plants obtained as a result of introgressive breeding is important for assessing the prospects of their further use. Materials and methods. Spring bread wheat plants of cv. ‘Dobrynya’ and a set of introgressive wheat lines with Аegilops columnaris Zhuk. genetic material were studied. The area of flag leaves was measured. Preparations of macerated leaf tissue were used to analyze mesophyll parameters. Spectrophotometric techniques were applied to determine the composition of photosynthetic pigments in the flag leaf. Results and conclusion. A negative effect of substitutions of chromosomes 2A, 5B, 6A and 6D for chromosomes of the U and X genomes on the size of the flag leaf area was disclosed. There were no significant differences in cell shape and size among the lines and in comparison with the recipient cultivar. Changes in the content of pigments in flag leaf laminae have been recorded. Increased content of all groups of pigments was observed in the lines containing substitutions 6A(6G), 6B(6X) and 5B(5X)6A(6X). Substitution 2A(2U) led to a decrease in the level of chlorophyll, the ratio of chlorophyll a to b, and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoids.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-9-24
O. A. Lyapunova
The collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) harbors 3,633 accessions of durum wheat landraces from 49 countries. This is a unique heritage, currently neither cultivated in the places of its origin nor found in any collection over the world. This review explores the history of the collection of landraces, its structure, and diversity of the preserved genotypes. Descriptions of landraces from different countries and examples of their successful utilization in breeding practice are presented. Special attention is paid to the collection of Russian landraces. Today, the problem of utilizing obsolete local cultivars is relevant in the context of the shrinking diversity of modern cultivars and genetic erosion of the source material for breeding. Innovative methods based on the use of molecular markers demonstrate new trends in the study and utilization of landraces in different regions.
{"title":"Landraces of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in the VIR collection","authors":"O. A. Lyapunova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-9-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-9-24","url":null,"abstract":" The collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) harbors 3,633 accessions of durum wheat landraces from 49 countries. This is a unique heritage, currently neither cultivated in the places of its origin nor found in any collection over the world. This review explores the history of the collection of landraces, its structure, and diversity of the preserved genotypes. Descriptions of landraces from different countries and examples of their successful utilization in breeding practice are presented. Special attention is paid to the collection of Russian landraces. Today, the problem of utilizing obsolete local cultivars is relevant in the context of the shrinking diversity of modern cultivars and genetic erosion of the source material for breeding. Innovative methods based on the use of molecular markers demonstrate new trends in the study and utilization of landraces in different regions.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-38-49
E. S. Butovets, L. Lukyanchuk, G. Kodirova, G. Kubankova, O. S. Efremova
Background. The effect of heavy metal ions can cause ionic stress in plants – the problem of significant interest among researchers. This study was dedicated to the evaluation of genetically modified regenerated soybean lines obtained on nutrient media with heavy metal ions as a mutagenic factor. Materials and methods. Genetically modified regenerated soybean lines were tested at the Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory and Soybean Breeding Laboratory, Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika, and at the Agricultural Product Processing Laboratory, All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean. Object of the study. Fifteen regenerated soybean lines and source cultivars (‘Primorskaya 13’, ‘Primorskaya 301’, ‘Primorskaya 81’, and ‘Hodson’) served as the research material. Results. Soybean accessions promising for further breeding were selected on the basis of their useful agronomic traits, grain quality, and resistance to fungal diseases. Accessions R 1490 (0.41 kg/m2) and R 1606 (0.38 kg/m2) were identified for having the highest yield in the experiment. Accessions R 1568 (1000 seed weight was 200.0 g) and R 1609 (190.2 g) had the largest seeds. Accessions R 1584, R 1568 and R 1606 manifested complex resistance to fungal diseases under natural conditions, while accession R 1490 was the most resistant under artificial infection pressure. The experiment resulted in selecting a group of lines regenerated from cv. ‘Hodson’ with high content of protein, histidine, valine, methionine, and cysteine. Accessions R 1605 and R 1609 demonstrated the highest oil content. The study revealed changes in the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids С18:2/С18:1 in all regenerant groups.
背景。重金属离子会对植物造成离子胁迫，这是研究人员非常关注的问题。本研究致力于评估在以重金属离子为诱变因子的营养培养基上获得的转基因再生大豆品系。 材料和方法转基因再生大豆品系在以 A. K. Chaika 命名的远东农业生物技术联邦科学中心农业生物技术实验室和大豆育种实验室以及全俄大豆研究所农产品加工实验室进行了测试。 研究对象。15 个再生大豆品系和原始栽培品种（'Primorskaya 13'、'Primorskaya 301'、'Primorskaya 81'和'Hodson'）作为研究材料。 研究结果根据有用的农艺性状、谷物品质和对真菌疾病的抗性，筛选出了有希望进一步育种的大豆品种。R 1490（0.41 kg/m2）和 R 1606（0.38 kg/m2）被认定为试验中产量最高的品种。R 1568（1000 粒种子重量为 200.0 克）和 R 1609（190.2 克）的种子最大。在自然条件下，R 1584、R 1568 和 R 1606 对真菌病害表现出复杂的抗性，而在人工感染压力下，R 1490 的抗性最强。该试验筛选出了一组从变种'Hodson'再生的品系，其蛋白质、组氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸含量较高。R 1605 和 R 1609 的含油量最高。研究显示，所有再生品系中不饱和脂肪酸С18:2/С18:1的比例都发生了变化。
{"title":"Studying regenerated soybean lines for their useful agronomic and biochemical characteristics","authors":"E. S. Butovets, L. Lukyanchuk, G. Kodirova, G. Kubankova, O. S. Efremova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-38-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-38-49","url":null,"abstract":" Background. The effect of heavy metal ions can cause ionic stress in plants – the problem of significant interest among researchers. This study was dedicated to the evaluation of genetically modified regenerated soybean lines obtained on nutrient media with heavy metal ions as a mutagenic factor. Materials and methods. Genetically modified regenerated soybean lines were tested at the Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory and Soybean Breeding Laboratory, Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika, and at the Agricultural Product Processing Laboratory, All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean. Object of the study. Fifteen regenerated soybean lines and source cultivars (‘Primorskaya 13’, ‘Primorskaya 301’, ‘Primorskaya 81’, and ‘Hodson’) served as the research material. Results. Soybean accessions promising for further breeding were selected on the basis of their useful agronomic traits, grain quality, and resistance to fungal diseases. Accessions R 1490 (0.41 kg/m2) and R 1606 (0.38 kg/m2) were identified for having the highest yield in the experiment. Accessions R 1568 (1000 seed weight was 200.0 g) and R 1609 (190.2 g) had the largest seeds. Accessions R 1584, R 1568 and R 1606 manifested complex resistance to fungal diseases under natural conditions, while accession R 1490 was the most resistant under artificial infection pressure. The experiment resulted in selecting a group of lines regenerated from cv. ‘Hodson’ with high content of protein, histidine, valine, methionine, and cysteine. Accessions R 1605 and R 1609 demonstrated the highest oil content. The study revealed changes in the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids С18:2/С18:1 in all regenerant groups.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-25-37
M. Y. Akimov, E. Zhbanova, T. V. Zhidekhina, A. M. Mironov, O. Rodyukova
Background. Black and red currant berries are high-vitamin dietary products and important raw materials for healthy food production. Materials and methods. Berries collected from promising cultivars and elite seedlings of black and red currant from the genetic collection of the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center were analyzed. Chemical composition and total antioxidants were assessed in 2017–2022 with analytical instruments at the Biochemistry and Food Technology Laboratory according to standardtechniques. Results and discussion. Berries of the studied black currant genotypes accumulated 16.3 % Brix of soluble solids, 10.0 % of sugars, 2.47 % of organic acids, 117.3 mg/100 g of vitamin C, and 201.4 mg/100 g of anthocyanins. Black currant cv. ‘Aksinya’ was the best in chemical composition (the long-term average sugar content was 13.3 %, organic acids amounted to 1.97 %, vitamin C to 156.7 mg/100 g, and anthocyanins to 257.4 mg/100 g) and manifested high antioxidant properties (92.4 mg/100 g of gallic acid). Red currant berries contained 12.0 % Brix of soluble solids, 7.7 % of sugars, 1.69 % of organic acids, 34.0 mg/100 g of vitamin C, and 57.3 mg/100 g of anthocyanins. Red currant cv. ‘Gazel’ and elite seedling 30-7-58 were identified for more than 40 mg/100 g of vitamin C in their berries, while elite seedling 27-13-42 had the highest amount of anthocyanins (above 100 mg/100 g) and high antioxidant properties (45.7 mg/100 g of gallic acid). The identified sources are recommended for fresh consumption, functional food production, and further breeding efforts.
{"title":"Nutrient composition in berries of promising cultivars and elite seedlings of Ribes L.","authors":"M. Y. Akimov, E. Zhbanova, T. V. Zhidekhina, A. M. Mironov, O. Rodyukova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-25-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-25-37","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Black and red currant berries are high-vitamin dietary products and important raw materials for healthy food production. Materials and methods. Berries collected from promising cultivars and elite seedlings of black and red currant from the genetic collection of the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center were analyzed. Chemical composition and total antioxidants were assessed in 2017–2022 with analytical instruments at the Biochemistry and Food Technology Laboratory according to standardtechniques. Results and discussion. Berries of the studied black currant genotypes accumulated 16.3 % Brix of soluble solids, 10.0 % of sugars, 2.47 % of organic acids, 117.3 mg/100 g of vitamin C, and 201.4 mg/100 g of anthocyanins. Black currant cv. ‘Aksinya’ was the best in chemical composition (the long-term average sugar content was 13.3 %, organic acids amounted to 1.97 %, vitamin C to 156.7 mg/100 g, and anthocyanins to 257.4 mg/100 g) and manifested high antioxidant properties (92.4 mg/100 g of gallic acid). Red currant berries contained 12.0 % Brix of soluble solids, 7.7 % of sugars, 1.69 % of organic acids, 34.0 mg/100 g of vitamin C, and 57.3 mg/100 g of anthocyanins. Red currant cv. ‘Gazel’ and elite seedling 30-7-58 were identified for more than 40 mg/100 g of vitamin C in their berries, while elite seedling 27-13-42 had the highest amount of anthocyanins (above 100 mg/100 g) and high antioxidant properties (45.7 mg/100 g of gallic acid). The identified sources are recommended for fresh consumption, functional food production, and further breeding efforts.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"169 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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