Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-184-190
S. Gaponov, G. Shutareva, N. Tsetva, I. S. Tsetva, I. V. Milovanov, N. A. Burmistrov, E. S. Zhiganova, N. S. Solovova
Background. The spreading of drought-resistant spring durum wheat cultivars with high grain quality developed by Saratov breeders to the eastern regions of Russia is dictated by climate change: higher air temperatures, precipitation deficit during the growing season, and summer droughts.Materials and methods. The material for research included seven spring durum wheat cultivars developed at the Federal Center of Agriculture Research (FCAR) of the South-East Region in Saratov: ‘Valentina’, ‘Nik’, ‘Yelizavetinskaya’, ‘Nikolasha’, ‘Luch 25’, ‘Pamyati Vasilchuka’, and ‘Tamara’. The cultivars and their yields in 2012–2022 were evaluated to calculate the coefficients of environmental plasticity and stability according to the methods by S. A. Eberhart and B. A. Russell, as interpreted by V. A. Zykin. Grain quality indicators were measured on the devices: Infratec 1241 for protein, Glutomatic for the index of gluten (IG), and Spekol 10 for the yellowness index (b%).Results. The adaptability of spring durum wheat cultivars bred in Saratov was confirmed by the coefficients of environmental plasticity and stability. According to the results of the study, cvs. ‘Nik’, ‘Nikolasha’, ‘Luch 25’ and ‘Pamyati Vasilchuka’ with plasticity coefficients (bi) > 1 were highly responsive to the conditions of cultivation and production of high-quality grain.Conclusion. The data obtained on grain productivity and high quality make it possible to recommend drought-resistant cultivars released by the FCAR of the South-East Region for use in various regions of Russia.
背景。萨拉托夫育种家培育的抗旱春硬质小麦优质品种在俄罗斯东部地区的推广受到气候变化的影响：气温升高、生长季节降水不足以及夏季干旱。研究材料包括萨拉托夫东南部地区联邦农业研究中心（FCAR）培育的 7 个春季硬质小麦品种："Valentina"、"Nik"、"Yelizavetinskaya"、"Nikolasha"、"Luch 25"、"Pamyati Vasilchuka "和 "Tamara"。根据 S. A. Eberhart 和 B. A. Russell 的方法，并由 V. A. Zykin 解释，对这些栽培品种及其 2012-2022 年的产量进行了评估，以计算环境可塑性和稳定性系数。谷物质量指标用仪器测量：Infratec 1241 测量蛋白质，Glutomatic 测量面筋指数 (IG)，Spekol 10 测量黄度指数 (b%)。萨拉托夫春硬质小麦栽培品种的环境可塑性和稳定性系数证实了其适应性。Nik"、"Nikolasha"、"Luch 25 "和 "Pamyati Vasilchuka "等品种的可塑性系数（bi）大于 1，它们对栽培条件和优质谷物产量的适应性很强。根据所获得的谷物产量和高品质数据，可以向俄罗斯各地区推荐东南地区农研中心（FCAR）发布的抗旱栽培品种。
{"title":"Environmental adaptability of spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars developed in Saratov","authors":"S. Gaponov, G. Shutareva, N. Tsetva, I. S. Tsetva, I. V. Milovanov, N. A. Burmistrov, E. S. Zhiganova, N. S. Solovova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-184-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-184-190","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The spreading of drought-resistant spring durum wheat cultivars with high grain quality developed by Saratov breeders to the eastern regions of Russia is dictated by climate change: higher air temperatures, precipitation deficit during the growing season, and summer droughts.Materials and methods. The material for research included seven spring durum wheat cultivars developed at the Federal Center of Agriculture Research (FCAR) of the South-East Region in Saratov: ‘Valentina’, ‘Nik’, ‘Yelizavetinskaya’, ‘Nikolasha’, ‘Luch 25’, ‘Pamyati Vasilchuka’, and ‘Tamara’. The cultivars and their yields in 2012–2022 were evaluated to calculate the coefficients of environmental plasticity and stability according to the methods by S. A. Eberhart and B. A. Russell, as interpreted by V. A. Zykin. Grain quality indicators were measured on the devices: Infratec 1241 for protein, Glutomatic for the index of gluten (IG), and Spekol 10 for the yellowness index (b%).Results. The adaptability of spring durum wheat cultivars bred in Saratov was confirmed by the coefficients of environmental plasticity and stability. According to the results of the study, cvs. ‘Nik’, ‘Nikolasha’, ‘Luch 25’ and ‘Pamyati Vasilchuka’ with plasticity coefficients (bi) > 1 were highly responsive to the conditions of cultivation and production of high-quality grain.Conclusion. The data obtained on grain productivity and high quality make it possible to recommend drought-resistant cultivars released by the FCAR of the South-East Region for use in various regions of Russia.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-233-240
D. V. Sokolova, T. M. Piskunova
The name of Prof. Valentin I. Burenin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, is widely known both in Russia and abroad. He worked at VIR all his life, giving himself up to science. Valentin Burenin made a significant contribution to the development of Vavilov’s ideas concerning mobilization and utilization of plant resources. His scientific research priorities were the collecting and studying of beet genetic resources, and their utilization in breeding practice.
农业科学博士 Valentin I. Burenin 教授的名字在俄罗斯国内外广为人知。他一生都在 VIR 工作，献身于科学事业。瓦伦丁-布列宁为发展瓦维洛夫关于调动和利用植物资源的思想做出了重大贡献。他的科研重点是收集和研究甜菜遗传资源，并在育种实践中加以利用。
{"title":"Valentin I. Burenin. The entire life was dedicated to science","authors":"D. V. Sokolova, T. M. Piskunova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-233-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-233-240","url":null,"abstract":"The name of Prof. Valentin I. Burenin, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, is widely known both in Russia and abroad. He worked at VIR all his life, giving himself up to science. Valentin Burenin made a significant contribution to the development of Vavilov’s ideas concerning mobilization and utilization of plant resources. His scientific research priorities were the collecting and studying of beet genetic resources, and their utilization in breeding practice.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"87 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-152-160
O. Orlovskaya, S. Vakula, L. Khotyleva, A. Kilchevsky
Background. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) make the greatest contribution to the formation of baking properties in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Glutenin polymorphism of bread wheat relatives is significantly richer than in cultivated varieties. The objective of this work was to identify the HMW-GS composition and assess the gluten quality of bread wheat lines with introgressions of alien genetic material.Materials and methods. We studied the parental varieties of spring bread wheat, accessions of the tetraploid and hexaploid Triticum L. species, and 19 introgressive lines produced with their participation. Glutenins were separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and HMW-GSs were identified using the Payne nomenclature system. Gluten quality was determined in accordance with GOST 13586.1-68 (the 2017–2019 and 2021–2022 growing seasons). Data processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 and MS Excel software packages.Results and conclusion. HMW-GSs uncharacteristic of T. aestivum cultivars were identified in the studied accessions of T. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Aschers. et Graebn.) Schweinf., T. spelta L., and T. kiharae Dorof. et Migusch. These HMW-GSs are of interest for enriching the wheat gene pool. HMW-GSs of related species were found in 10 out of 19 introgressive lines. A five-year observation period revealed that wheat relatives on average significantly exceeded common wheat cultivars in gluten quality, and introgressive lines did not differ significantly from the parental genotypes. Lines with high rheological properties of gluten had, as a rule, HMW-GSs of related species in their composition.
背景。高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GSs）对面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）烘焙特性的形成贡献最大。面包小麦近缘种的谷蛋白多态性明显比栽培品种丰富。这项工作的目的是鉴定 HMW-GS 的组成，并评估引入外来遗传物质的面包小麦品系的面筋质量。我们研究了春季面包小麦的亲本品种、四倍体和六倍体 Triticum L. 品种以及由它们参与培育的 19 个引种品系。使用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离面筋蛋白，并使用佩恩命名系统鉴定高分子量面筋蛋白。面筋质量根据 GOST 13586.1-68 （2017-2019 和 2021-2022 生长季）进行测定。数据处理使用 Statistica 10.0 和 MS Excel 软件包进行。在所研究的 T. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Aschers. et Graebn.) Schweinf.、T. spelta L.和 T. kiharae Dorof. et Migusch.等品种中发现了不具有 T. aestivum 栽培品种特征的 HMW-GS。这些 HMW-GSs 对丰富小麦基因库很有意义。在 19 个引种品系中有 10 个发现了相关物种的 HMW-GS。通过五年的观察发现，小麦近缘种的面筋质量平均明显超过普通小麦栽培品种，而引种品系与亲本基因型没有明显差异。具有高面筋流变特性的品系通常在其成分中含有相关品种的高分子量-GS。
{"title":"Composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and gluten quality in wheat lines with alien genetic material","authors":"O. Orlovskaya, S. Vakula, L. Khotyleva, A. Kilchevsky","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-152-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-152-160","url":null,"abstract":"Background. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) make the greatest contribution to the formation of baking properties in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Glutenin polymorphism of bread wheat relatives is significantly richer than in cultivated varieties. The objective of this work was to identify the HMW-GS composition and assess the gluten quality of bread wheat lines with introgressions of alien genetic material.Materials and methods. We studied the parental varieties of spring bread wheat, accessions of the tetraploid and hexaploid Triticum L. species, and 19 introgressive lines produced with their participation. Glutenins were separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and HMW-GSs were identified using the Payne nomenclature system. Gluten quality was determined in accordance with GOST 13586.1-68 (the 2017–2019 and 2021–2022 growing seasons). Data processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 and MS Excel software packages.Results and conclusion. HMW-GSs uncharacteristic of T. aestivum cultivars were identified in the studied accessions of T. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Aschers. et Graebn.) Schweinf., T. spelta L., and T. kiharae Dorof. et Migusch. These HMW-GSs are of interest for enriching the wheat gene pool. HMW-GSs of related species were found in 10 out of 19 introgressive lines. A five-year observation period revealed that wheat relatives on average significantly exceeded common wheat cultivars in gluten quality, and introgressive lines did not differ significantly from the parental genotypes. Lines with high rheological properties of gluten had, as a rule, HMW-GSs of related species in their composition.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"115 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-224-232
A. Shergina, A. B. Kurina
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetable crops worldwide. Tomato fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, and pigments, including lycopene. The high demand and the need to enhance tomato production call for new improved cultivars and F1 hybrids.Biotechnological methods reduce the time for source material development and the labor intensity of breeding efforts. Obtaining doubled haploid plants makes it possible to fix and analyze new gene combinations faster than with conventional breeding techniques, and produce homozygous genotypes. Tomato is highly unsusceptible to haploid induction, which has been continuously studied for more than 40 years and is still of special interest. The main methods for producing haploids are based on androgenesis and gynogenesis. Androgenesis is the production of haploids from the cells of the male gametophyte, and gynogenesis from the cells of the female gametophyte.The objective was to review the research on the induction of tomato haploids based on androgenesis and gynogenesis. No standardized, efficient or reproducible protocols are currently available to produce doubled haploids of tomato. It is necessary to determine the incubation conditions, physicochemical environments, dependence of the genotype in vitro, physiological state of the donor plant, and development of the anther, which affect the reproducibility of protocols to achieve haploid induction. Anther culture for obtaining haploid tomato plants has not yielded successful results, and the studies on microspore culture were too few, so it is difficult to understand the effectiveness of this technique. The method of gynogenesis is poorly investigated, but the culture of unfertilized ovules can become a successful way to obtain tomato haploids, with more research on this subject.
{"title":"Androgenesis and gynogenesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in vitro","authors":"A. Shergina, A. B. Kurina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-224-232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-224-232","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetable crops worldwide. Tomato fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, and pigments, including lycopene. The high demand and the need to enhance tomato production call for new improved cultivars and F1 hybrids.Biotechnological methods reduce the time for source material development and the labor intensity of breeding efforts. Obtaining doubled haploid plants makes it possible to fix and analyze new gene combinations faster than with conventional breeding techniques, and produce homozygous genotypes. Tomato is highly unsusceptible to haploid induction, which has been continuously studied for more than 40 years and is still of special interest. The main methods for producing haploids are based on androgenesis and gynogenesis. Androgenesis is the production of haploids from the cells of the male gametophyte, and gynogenesis from the cells of the female gametophyte.The objective was to review the research on the induction of tomato haploids based on androgenesis and gynogenesis. No standardized, efficient or reproducible protocols are currently available to produce doubled haploids of tomato. It is necessary to determine the incubation conditions, physicochemical environments, dependence of the genotype in vitro, physiological state of the donor plant, and development of the anther, which affect the reproducibility of protocols to achieve haploid induction. Anther culture for obtaining haploid tomato plants has not yielded successful results, and the studies on microspore culture were too few, so it is difficult to understand the effectiveness of this technique. The method of gynogenesis is poorly investigated, but the culture of unfertilized ovules can become a successful way to obtain tomato haploids, with more research on this subject.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"97 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-191-211
M. Agakhanov, L. Bagmet, N. Tikhonova, M. V. Erastenkova, E. N. Kislin, Y. Ukhatova, E. Khlestkina
Improving the standards of collecting and maintaining valuable genetic resources accessions and information about them is currently of crucial importance for the successful development of the world viticulture in the light of the challenges caused by the spread of grape diseases and climate change. This review briefly characterizes the global grapevine gene pool, approaches to its conservation, including base and duplicate conservation techniques, and the current status and prospects of the progress in in vitro and cryogenic preservation methods. The genetic potential of grape wild relatives is assessed focusing on particular species as sources of resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stressors. Achievements in the application of gene editing technologies to increase grape resistance to diseases are discussed. It is noted that a common practice at this stage is to knock out the genes responsible for grapevine susceptibility to diseases, whereas a more advantageous approach in the future will be to make targeted changes in the grape genome based on the knowledge of resistance genes in its wild relatives. Therefore, grape wild relatives need to be studied thoroughly using modern methods of forward and reverse genetics. Regarding the issues of grape genetic diversity conservation and expansion at the current technological stage, the status and significance of the plant germplasm and herbarium (WIR) collections held by VIR are scrutinized in detail. Authentication of grape germplasm accessions is marked as important, along with the role of the WIR herbarium, a unique collection incorporating physical carriers of reference genetic information on the national grapevine gene pool. Promising trends in the development of the WIR herbarium are outlined in connection with the establishment and preservation of nomenclature standards for domestic grape cultivars.
面对葡萄病害蔓延和气候变化带来的挑战，提高收集和保存珍贵遗传资源及其信息的标准对世界葡萄栽培业的成功发展至关重要。本综述简要介绍了全球葡萄基因库的特点、保存方法，包括基础保存和复制保存技术，以及体外保存和低温保存方法的现状和前景。报告评估了葡萄野生近缘种的遗传潜力，重点是作为抗生物和非生物胁迫基因来源的特定物种。还讨论了应用基因编辑技术提高葡萄抗病性方面取得的成就。据指出，现阶段常见的做法是敲除导致葡萄易感疾病的基因，而未来更有利的方法是根据对葡萄野生近缘种抗病基因的了解，有针对性地改变葡萄基因组。因此，需要利用现代正向和反向遗传学方法对葡萄野生近缘种进行深入研究。关于在当前技术阶段保护和扩大葡萄遗传多样性的问题，详细研究了葡萄研究所收藏的植物种质和标本馆（WIR）的现状和意义。葡萄种质登录的鉴定以及 WIR 标本馆的作用都非常重要，WIR 标本馆是一个独特的收藏馆，包含了国家葡萄基因库参考遗传信息的物理载体。在建立和保存国内葡萄栽培品种的命名标准方面，概述了世界投资报告标本馆的发展前景。
{"title":"The plant germplasm and herbarium (WIR) collections maintained at VIR as contributors to grape genetic diversity conservation, expansion and utilization","authors":"M. Agakhanov, L. Bagmet, N. Tikhonova, M. V. Erastenkova, E. N. Kislin, Y. Ukhatova, E. Khlestkina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-191-211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-191-211","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the standards of collecting and maintaining valuable genetic resources accessions and information about them is currently of crucial importance for the successful development of the world viticulture in the light of the challenges caused by the spread of grape diseases and climate change. This review briefly characterizes the global grapevine gene pool, approaches to its conservation, including base and duplicate conservation techniques, and the current status and prospects of the progress in in vitro and cryogenic preservation methods. The genetic potential of grape wild relatives is assessed focusing on particular species as sources of resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stressors. Achievements in the application of gene editing technologies to increase grape resistance to diseases are discussed. It is noted that a common practice at this stage is to knock out the genes responsible for grapevine susceptibility to diseases, whereas a more advantageous approach in the future will be to make targeted changes in the grape genome based on the knowledge of resistance genes in its wild relatives. Therefore, grape wild relatives need to be studied thoroughly using modern methods of forward and reverse genetics. Regarding the issues of grape genetic diversity conservation and expansion at the current technological stage, the status and significance of the plant germplasm and herbarium (WIR) collections held by VIR are scrutinized in detail. Authentication of grape germplasm accessions is marked as important, along with the role of the WIR herbarium, a unique collection incorporating physical carriers of reference genetic information on the national grapevine gene pool. Promising trends in the development of the WIR herbarium are outlined in connection with the establishment and preservation of nomenclature standards for domestic grape cultivars.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-139-151
A. Mikhailova, D. V. Sokolova, N. Shvachko, V. S. Popov, E. Khlestkina
Background. Table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) contains a great amount of naturally red-colored betanins. A number of enterprises are forced to import foreign dyes because the reserves of domestic plant raw materials are insufficient. With this in view, the development of cultivars with high betalain pigment content is now required.Materials and methods. Allelic differences were screened in the key genes of the betalain biosynthesis pathway among table beet accessions with various root color from the VIR collection using the Sanger DNA sequencing method.Results and discussion. For the first time we identified a nonsense mutation in the CYP76AD1 gene in cv. ‘Serdolik’ with yellow flesh; it led to the truncation of the functional P450 domain. We suggested that the detected polymorphism correlated with phenotypic switching because the well-known role of CYP76AD1 was essential for the red betalain accumulation. Moreover, a number of missense mutations in cv. ‘Avalanche’ in the first exon of the BvDODA1 gene were found. These mutations were probably associated with the expression of the uncolored phenotype. An in silico analysis revealed highly homologous copies of CYP76AD5, located tandemly on chromosome 9. Attention should be paid to these copies, together with the CYP76AD6 gene, as they seem the most preferable targets for a knockout to increase the red pigment content.Conclusion. It is possible to identify the best table beet accessions for further genome editing among a previously selected high-betanin group. In addition, this study revealed the allelic differences in the key genes of the betalain biosynthesis pathway. These results will be useful for the development of DNA molecular markers to facilitate the selection of table beet forms with required properties.
背景。甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.）含有大量天然红色甜菜素。由于国内植物原料储备不足，一些企业被迫进口国外染料。有鉴于此，目前需要培育甜菜苷色素含量高的栽培品种。采用 Sanger DNA 测序方法，在 VIR 收集的不同根色的甜菜品种中筛选甜菜素生物合成途径关键基因的等位基因差异。我们首次在黄肉甜菜品种'Serdolik'中发现了 CYP76AD1 基因的无义突变，它导致了 P450 功能域的截断。我们认为，检测到的多态性与表型转换有关，因为众所周知，CYP76AD1 的作用对于红色甜菜红素的积累至关重要。此外，我们还在品种 "雪崩 "的 BvDODA1 基因的第一个外显子中发现了一些错义突变。这些突变可能与不着色表型的表达有关。一项硅分析发现，CYP76AD5 的拷贝高度同源，串联在第 9 号染色体上。应注意这些拷贝以及 CYP76AD6 基因，因为它们似乎是提高红色素含量的最理想的基因敲除目标。从之前筛选出的高甜菜素群体中，我们可以找出最适合进一步进行基因组编辑的甜菜品种。此外，这项研究还揭示了甜菜苷生物合成途径关键基因的等位基因差异。这些结果将有助于开发 DNA 分子标记，以促进具有所需特性的甜菜品种的选育。
{"title":"Allelic differences in the key genes of betalain biosynthesis in table beet accessions with contrasting root color from the VIR collection","authors":"A. Mikhailova, D. V. Sokolova, N. Shvachko, V. S. Popov, E. Khlestkina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-139-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-139-151","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) contains a great amount of naturally red-colored betanins. A number of enterprises are forced to import foreign dyes because the reserves of domestic plant raw materials are insufficient. With this in view, the development of cultivars with high betalain pigment content is now required.Materials and methods. Allelic differences were screened in the key genes of the betalain biosynthesis pathway among table beet accessions with various root color from the VIR collection using the Sanger DNA sequencing method.Results and discussion. For the first time we identified a nonsense mutation in the CYP76AD1 gene in cv. ‘Serdolik’ with yellow flesh; it led to the truncation of the functional P450 domain. We suggested that the detected polymorphism correlated with phenotypic switching because the well-known role of CYP76AD1 was essential for the red betalain accumulation. Moreover, a number of missense mutations in cv. ‘Avalanche’ in the first exon of the BvDODA1 gene were found. These mutations were probably associated with the expression of the uncolored phenotype. An in silico analysis revealed highly homologous copies of CYP76AD5, located tandemly on chromosome 9. Attention should be paid to these copies, together with the CYP76AD6 gene, as they seem the most preferable targets for a knockout to increase the red pigment content.Conclusion. It is possible to identify the best table beet accessions for further genome editing among a previously selected high-betanin group. In addition, this study revealed the allelic differences in the key genes of the betalain biosynthesis pathway. These results will be useful for the development of DNA molecular markers to facilitate the selection of table beet forms with required properties.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"89 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-161-171
D. Arkhestova, A. A. Yakhutlova, A. D. Khaudov, L. K. Sokurova, T. V. Kulemina
Background. Millet is one of the main cereal crops with a wide area of cultivation. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the consumption of millet and its processed products. As a result, the breeding of cultivars with high consumer properties is becoming relevant, requiring knowledge of the genetic diversity of germplasm accessions to identify donors of valuable agronomic traits and select parental forms using ISSR markers.Materials and methods. The analysis with 8 ISSR primers included 21 accessions of Panicum miliaceum L. of various origin from the VIR collection. The DNA of each accession was isolated by the CTAB method, and ISSR analysis was performed in a BioRad T100 Thermal Cycler. Statistical processing was made in the DARwin program (version 6.0.21).Results and conclusion. Eight primers were used to amplify 116 fragments, 62 (53.4%) of which turned out to be polymorphic. To assess the effectiveness of the analyzed primers and identify the polymorphism of millet, basic indicators of their informativeness were calculated and assessed by quantifying four marker parameters. Average PIC (0.27–0.36), EMR (1.38–14.5) and MI (0.12–4.87) values were obtained for most ISSR primers. Four ISSR primers had high Rp values (3.52–6.76) and were the most informative for genotyping. The selected ISSR markers were used to assess the genetic variability of the accessions and identify them. The values of genetic distances (GD) were 0.05–0.21. It was shown that four ISSR markers with the best informativeness values provided sufficient polymorphism to assess the genetic diversity of the analyzed P. miliaceum genotypes and could be recommended for identification of the variability in the genome of millet accessions.
背景。小米是主要谷类作物之一，种植面积广泛。在过去十年中，小米及其加工产品的消费量大幅增加。因此，培育具有高消费特性的栽培品种变得越来越重要，这就需要了解种质资源的遗传多样性，以确定有价值农艺性状的供体，并利用 ISSR 标记选择亲本。使用 8 个 ISSR 引物进行的分析包括来自 VIR 套件的 21 个不同来源的 Panicum miliaceum L. 种质。用 CTAB 法分离了每个品种的 DNA，并在 BioRad T100 Thermal Cycler 中进行了 ISSR 分析。统计处理在 DARwin 程序（6.0.21 版）中进行。使用八种引物扩增出 116 个片段，其中 62 个（53.4%）为多态性片段。为了评估所分析引物的有效性并确定小米的多态性，通过量化四个标记参数来计算和评估其信息量的基本指标。大多数 ISSR 引物的平均 PIC 值（0.27-0.36）、EMR 值（1.38-14.5）和 MI 值（0.12-4.87）。四个 ISSR 引物的 Rp 值很高（3.52-6.76），对基因分型的信息量最大。所选的 ISSR 标记被用来评估加入物的遗传变异性并对其进行鉴定。遗传距离（GD）值为 0.05-0.21。结果表明，信息量最大的 4 个 ISSR 标记具有足够的多态性，可评估所分析的 P. miliaceum 基因型的遗传多样性，可推荐用于鉴定小米基因组的变异性。
{"title":"Effectiveness of ISSR markers for detecting genomic variability in Panicum miliaceum L. accessions","authors":"D. Arkhestova, A. A. Yakhutlova, A. D. Khaudov, L. K. Sokurova, T. V. Kulemina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-161-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-161-171","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Millet is one of the main cereal crops with a wide area of cultivation. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the consumption of millet and its processed products. As a result, the breeding of cultivars with high consumer properties is becoming relevant, requiring knowledge of the genetic diversity of germplasm accessions to identify donors of valuable agronomic traits and select parental forms using ISSR markers.Materials and methods. The analysis with 8 ISSR primers included 21 accessions of Panicum miliaceum L. of various origin from the VIR collection. The DNA of each accession was isolated by the CTAB method, and ISSR analysis was performed in a BioRad T100 Thermal Cycler. Statistical processing was made in the DARwin program (version 6.0.21).Results and conclusion. Eight primers were used to amplify 116 fragments, 62 (53.4%) of which turned out to be polymorphic. To assess the effectiveness of the analyzed primers and identify the polymorphism of millet, basic indicators of their informativeness were calculated and assessed by quantifying four marker parameters. Average PIC (0.27–0.36), EMR (1.38–14.5) and MI (0.12–4.87) values were obtained for most ISSR primers. Four ISSR primers had high Rp values (3.52–6.76) and were the most informative for genotyping. The selected ISSR markers were used to assess the genetic variability of the accessions and identify them. The values of genetic distances (GD) were 0.05–0.21. It was shown that four ISSR markers with the best informativeness values provided sufficient polymorphism to assess the genetic diversity of the analyzed P. miliaceum genotypes and could be recommended for identification of the variability in the genome of millet accessions.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"86 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-129-138
I. Loskutov, E. V. Blinova, L. Novikova
Background. Oat is an important food and feed cereal crop in Russia. The area under oats is 10 million ha worldwide, and 3 million ha in Russia. Acid soils with excessive content of exchangeable aluminum occupy almost every third hectare in the exUSSR territory. Oats are relatively resistant to unfavorable soil factors. Among cereal crops, oat is second only to rye and triticale in terms of resistance to exchangeable Al forms. Despite the crop’s high environmental plasticity, an important condition for obtaining sustainable oat yields is the development of new cultivars with resistance to adverse environmental factors, including metal toxicity and high soil acidity.The objective of this work was to search for oat cultivars resistant to soil stressors (excess of Н+ and Al3+) for use in breeding for edaphic resistance.Materials and methods. The research material included 687 oat accessions from the VIR global plant genetic resources collection. The accessions underwent laboratory evaluation of their aluminum tolerance at the initial growth and development stages using the method of measuring radicle growth after the exposure to aluminum stress. Reproducibility of the used modification of the method was mathematically proved.Results and discussion. Significant variation in the resistance to the studied stressor was observed among the accessions. The regions acting as sources of valuable aluminum resistance genes were identified for the crop. The accessions selected for their high resistance to exchangeable aluminum can be used in breeding programs to develop high-yielding oat cultivars with edaphic resistance.
背景。燕麦是俄罗斯重要的粮食和饲料作物。全球燕麦种植面积为 1000 万公顷，俄罗斯为 300 万公顷。在前苏联地区，可交换铝含量过高的酸性土壤几乎占到三分之一公顷。燕麦对不利的土壤因素有较强的抵抗力。在谷类作物中，燕麦对可交换铝的抗性仅次于黑麦和三棱麦。尽管燕麦具有很强的环境可塑性，但获得可持续燕麦产量的一个重要条件是培育出对不利环境因素（包括金属毒性和土壤高酸度）具有抗性的新栽培品种。这项工作的目的是寻找对土壤胁迫（Н+和 Al3+过量）具有抗性的燕麦栽培品种，以用于培育抗土壤胁迫的品种。研究材料包括来自 VIR 全球植物遗传资源库的 687 个燕麦品种。研究材料包括来自 VIR 全球植物遗传资源库的 687 个燕麦品种，这些品种在最初的生长和发育阶段接受了实验室耐铝性评估，评估采用的方法是测量暴露于铝胁迫后的胚根生长情况。结果和讨论。不同品种对所研究胁迫的抗性存在显著差异。为作物确定了有价值的抗铝基因来源区域。因其对可交换铝的高抗性而被选中的品种可用于育种计划，以培育出具有抗逆性的高产燕麦栽培品种。
{"title":"Evaluation of aluminum tolerance diversity in Avena sativa L. from the VIR collection","authors":"I. Loskutov, E. V. Blinova, L. Novikova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-129-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-129-138","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Oat is an important food and feed cereal crop in Russia. The area under oats is 10 million ha worldwide, and 3 million ha in Russia. Acid soils with excessive content of exchangeable aluminum occupy almost every third hectare in the exUSSR territory. Oats are relatively resistant to unfavorable soil factors. Among cereal crops, oat is second only to rye and triticale in terms of resistance to exchangeable Al forms. Despite the crop’s high environmental plasticity, an important condition for obtaining sustainable oat yields is the development of new cultivars with resistance to adverse environmental factors, including metal toxicity and high soil acidity.The objective of this work was to search for oat cultivars resistant to soil stressors (excess of Н+ and Al3+) for use in breeding for edaphic resistance.Materials and methods. The research material included 687 oat accessions from the VIR global plant genetic resources collection. The accessions underwent laboratory evaluation of their aluminum tolerance at the initial growth and development stages using the method of measuring radicle growth after the exposure to aluminum stress. Reproducibility of the used modification of the method was mathematically proved.Results and discussion. Significant variation in the resistance to the studied stressor was observed among the accessions. The regions acting as sources of valuable aluminum resistance genes were identified for the crop. The accessions selected for their high resistance to exchangeable aluminum can be used in breeding programs to develop high-yielding oat cultivars with edaphic resistance.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-212-223
G. Zelensky, O. V. Zelenskaya
The main global trends in the breeding of rice cultivars and hybrids are higher plant productivity, adaptability to cultivation conditions, quality of products, and resistance to environmental stressors, including diseases.Efforts of leading breeding centers in the Philippines and China to further increase the rice yield are associated with a change in the plant morphotype: shorter plants with erectoid leaves and large panicles with a high number of grains.The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has developed rice cultivars that under favorable conditions in the tropical zone produce a grain yield of up to 10–11 t/ha, with Kecon = 0.5. A heterotic hybrid of rice was obtained in China with a yield of 13.9 t/ha; it has a new plant morphotype (New Plant Type) and a growing season of 163 days. The hybrid is classified as “super rice”.Modern breeding programs are aimed at producing cultivars of “Green Super Rice” using pedigree methods and backcrossing for introgression of target genes through DNA markers, QTL mapping, pyramiding, and recurrent selection.Russian breeders have traditionally produced rice cultivars adapted to local conditions, with a growing season of no more than 125 days. In the 1980s, a program was launched to develop a high-yielding rice cultivar with erectoid leaves for condensed planting. As a result of multiple stepwise hybridization and targeted selection, new source material with target traits of “super rice” was released. Cv. ‘Polyus-5’ with a new plant morphotype was obtained on its basis. This cultivar was included in the State Register and from 2023 approved for commercial production. During the field trials, ‘Polyus-5’ yielded a maximum of 1380 g/m2 over 120 days of the growing season, under the conditions of condensed sowing and increased mineral nutrition.
{"title":"Rice breeding for higher crop productivity (a review)","authors":"G. Zelensky, O. V. Zelenskaya","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-212-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-212-223","url":null,"abstract":"The main global trends in the breeding of rice cultivars and hybrids are higher plant productivity, adaptability to cultivation conditions, quality of products, and resistance to environmental stressors, including diseases.Efforts of leading breeding centers in the Philippines and China to further increase the rice yield are associated with a change in the plant morphotype: shorter plants with erectoid leaves and large panicles with a high number of grains.The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has developed rice cultivars that under favorable conditions in the tropical zone produce a grain yield of up to 10–11 t/ha, with Kecon = 0.5. A heterotic hybrid of rice was obtained in China with a yield of 13.9 t/ha; it has a new plant morphotype (New Plant Type) and a growing season of 163 days. The hybrid is classified as “super rice”.Modern breeding programs are aimed at producing cultivars of “Green Super Rice” using pedigree methods and backcrossing for introgression of target genes through DNA markers, QTL mapping, pyramiding, and recurrent selection.Russian breeders have traditionally produced rice cultivars adapted to local conditions, with a growing season of no more than 125 days. In the 1980s, a program was launched to develop a high-yielding rice cultivar with erectoid leaves for condensed planting. As a result of multiple stepwise hybridization and targeted selection, new source material with target traits of “super rice” was released. Cv. ‘Polyus-5’ with a new plant morphotype was obtained on its basis. This cultivar was included in the State Register and from 2023 approved for commercial production. During the field trials, ‘Polyus-5’ yielded a maximum of 1380 g/m2 over 120 days of the growing season, under the conditions of condensed sowing and increased mineral nutrition.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-118-128
N. S. Garaeva, S. Ponomarev, M. Ponomareva
Background. In the context of global climate change, the study and development of genetic material with environmental plasticity and stability in the manifestation of its traits becomes relevant. The scientific and practical results achieved in triticale breeding place this crop among the most popular cereals in terms of economic importance. However, the main problem for the use of triticale in breeding practice is its limited genetic resources.Materials and methods. The research materials were 161 winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) accessions from the global collection of VIR. The study and breeding-oriented assessment of the material were based on conventional breeding techniques and carried out according to the guidelines approved by VIR with minor amendments. The obtained research data underwent statistical analysis using the method by A. V. Kilchevsky and L. V. Khotyleva.Results. Environmental and genetic parameters were analyzed under the conditions of the Middle Volga Region of Russia. Genotypes were identified for their high general adaptability, i. e., securing the highest average yield in the entire set of environments. Cultivars were also selected for their least variable high yields under the impact of weather conditions. The analysis of the studied set of accessions showed that both high-yielding and low-yielding genotypes were stable. The character’s mean value and its environmental sensitivity were relatively independent and could be incorporated in one genotype in various combinations. This finding can be used in the process of triticale breeding.
背景。在全球气候变化的背景下，研究和开发具有环境可塑性和性状稳定性的遗传物质变得十分重要。三粒谷育种取得的科学和实践成果使该作物在经济重要性方面跻身最受欢迎的谷物之列。然而，在育种实践中使用三尖杉的主要问题是其遗传资源有限。研究材料是来自 VIR 全球收集的 161 个冬季三棱麦（× Triticosecale Wittm.对这些材料的研究和育种评估以常规育种技术为基础，根据 VIR 批准的指导方针（略有修订）进行。研究数据采用 A. V. Kilchevsky 和 L. V. Khotyleva 的方法进行统计分析。对俄罗斯伏尔加河中游地区的环境和遗传参数进行了分析。确定的基因型具有较高的总体适应性，即在所有环境中平均产量最高。此外，还选择了在天气条件影响下产量变化最小的品种。对所研究品种的分析表明，高产和低产基因型都很稳定。特征的平均值及其对环境的敏感性相对独立，可以通过各种组合并入一个基因型中。这一发现可用于三尖杉育种过程。
{"title":"Adaptive features of winter triticale accessions from the VIR collection","authors":"N. S. Garaeva, S. Ponomarev, M. Ponomareva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-118-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-118-128","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In the context of global climate change, the study and development of genetic material with environmental plasticity and stability in the manifestation of its traits becomes relevant. The scientific and practical results achieved in triticale breeding place this crop among the most popular cereals in terms of economic importance. However, the main problem for the use of triticale in breeding practice is its limited genetic resources.Materials and methods. The research materials were 161 winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) accessions from the global collection of VIR. The study and breeding-oriented assessment of the material were based on conventional breeding techniques and carried out according to the guidelines approved by VIR with minor amendments. The obtained research data underwent statistical analysis using the method by A. V. Kilchevsky and L. V. Khotyleva.Results. Environmental and genetic parameters were analyzed under the conditions of the Middle Volga Region of Russia. Genotypes were identified for their high general adaptability, i. e., securing the highest average yield in the entire set of environments. Cultivars were also selected for their least variable high yields under the impact of weather conditions. The analysis of the studied set of accessions showed that both high-yielding and low-yielding genotypes were stable. The character’s mean value and its environmental sensitivity were relatively independent and could be incorporated in one genotype in various combinations. This finding can be used in the process of triticale breeding.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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