Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-172-183
N. Zoteyeva, E. Porokhovinova, D. Fateev, N. Chalaya
Background. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a well-known serious pathogen that affects a wide range of currently grown potato cultivars. Control of the disease, including the breeding process, is complicated by the fact that leaf resistance to P. infestans is often unrelated to tuber resistance, resulting in the need to identify individual plants with leaf and/or tuber resistance to be used in breeding programs. In view of this, research efforts to identify such sources are quite relevant. The objective was to assess the occurrence of plants with resistance in both organs among different wild species and analyze the relationship between leaf and tuber resistance within them.Material and methods. Assessment of leaf and tuber resistance in 97 accessions belonging to 36 species was carried out under artificial inoculation. Using the data obtained on each individual plant, the connection between leaf and tuber resistance was analyzed by means of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and Spearman’s rank-order correlations.Results. The species with more frequent occurrence of plants combining leaf and tuber resistance and the species with the predominance of leaf or tuber resistance were identified. The statistical analysis did not show complete (100%) correlations between leaf and tuber resistance in any of studied species. In some cases, a significant positive or negative correlation between these characters was found. The assessment results for the studied species/accessions can facilitate the search for leaf and/or tuber resistance sources capable of improving potato cultivars susceptible to late blight.
背景。Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary 是一种众所周知的严重病原体，对目前种植的各种马铃薯栽培品种都有影响。由于叶片对 P. infestans 的抗性往往与块茎的抗性无关，因此需要确定具有叶片和/或块茎抗性的植株，以便用于育种计划。有鉴于此，确定此类抗性来源的研究工作非常重要。研究的目的是评估不同野生物种中两种器官都具有抗性的植物的发生情况，并分析其中叶片和块茎抗性之间的关系。在人工接种的情况下，对属于 36 个物种的 97 个品种的叶片和块茎抗性进行了评估。通过 Wilcoxon 配对检验和斯皮尔曼秩相关法分析了叶片和块茎抗性之间的联系。确定了叶片和块茎抗性兼具的植株出现频率较高的物种，以及叶片或块茎抗性占优势的物种。统计分析结果显示，叶片和块茎抗性之间的相关性并不完全（100%）。在某些情况下，这些特征之间存在明显的正相关或负相关。对所研究物种/品种的评估结果有助于寻找叶片和/或块茎抗性来源，以改良易受晚疫病影响的马铃薯栽培品种。
{"title":"Leaf and tuber resistance to Phytophthora infestans and relationship between these traits in wild potato species","authors":"N. Zoteyeva, E. Porokhovinova, D. Fateev, N. Chalaya","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-172-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-172-183","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a well-known serious pathogen that affects a wide range of currently grown potato cultivars. Control of the disease, including the breeding process, is complicated by the fact that leaf resistance to P. infestans is often unrelated to tuber resistance, resulting in the need to identify individual plants with leaf and/or tuber resistance to be used in breeding programs. In view of this, research efforts to identify such sources are quite relevant. The objective was to assess the occurrence of plants with resistance in both organs among different wild species and analyze the relationship between leaf and tuber resistance within them.Material and methods. Assessment of leaf and tuber resistance in 97 accessions belonging to 36 species was carried out under artificial inoculation. Using the data obtained on each individual plant, the connection between leaf and tuber resistance was analyzed by means of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and Spearman’s rank-order correlations.Results. The species with more frequent occurrence of plants combining leaf and tuber resistance and the species with the predominance of leaf or tuber resistance were identified. The statistical analysis did not show complete (100%) correlations between leaf and tuber resistance in any of studied species. In some cases, a significant positive or negative correlation between these characters was found. The assessment results for the studied species/accessions can facilitate the search for leaf and/or tuber resistance sources capable of improving potato cultivars susceptible to late blight.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-86-98
L. V. Petrova, L. Novikova, A. V. Alekseeva, I. Loskutov
Background. Yakutia lies within a risky farming region, where both low temperatures and insufficient moisture are the limiting factors. Oat is the main cereal fodder crop in Yakutia. Climate warming observed in recent decades has been affecting oat cultivation in different climatic areas of Yakutia. The objective of the study was to analyze weather and climate factors affecting oat yield in the republic during the past decade.Materials and methods. The study covered the data of 2014–2021 on the yield of zoned oat cultivars in three Yakutian variety trial sites located in the Central, Transfluvial and Middle Lena agroclimatic zones, and agronomic characteristics of three oat cultivars in the Central zone in 1999–2021. Variance, correlation, and regression analyses were applied.Results and conclusion. The study showed that in 2014–2021 there was a decrease in oat yields in Yakutia. The correlation analysis showed that this was due to climate changes: active warming, and a tendency towards a decrease in precipitation during the oat growing season. The regression analysis of the oat crop structure in the Central Zone in 1999–2021 confirmed that all yield components depended on the moisture availability, and it was the decrease in precipitation that led to a reduction in such indicators as 1000 grain weight, plant height, panicle length, and yield. A significant dependence on humidification conditions indicates the need to continue breeding work towards the development of drought-resistant oat cultivars adapted to the specific agroclimatic environments of Yakutia.
{"title":"Climate change and crop yield of oats (Avena sativa L.) in Yakutia","authors":"L. V. Petrova, L. Novikova, A. V. Alekseeva, I. Loskutov","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-86-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-86-98","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Yakutia lies within a risky farming region, where both low temperatures and insufficient moisture are the limiting factors. Oat is the main cereal fodder crop in Yakutia. Climate warming observed in recent decades has been affecting oat cultivation in different climatic areas of Yakutia. The objective of the study was to analyze weather and climate factors affecting oat yield in the republic during the past decade.Materials and methods. The study covered the data of 2014–2021 on the yield of zoned oat cultivars in three Yakutian variety trial sites located in the Central, Transfluvial and Middle Lena agroclimatic zones, and agronomic characteristics of three oat cultivars in the Central zone in 1999–2021. Variance, correlation, and regression analyses were applied.Results and conclusion. The study showed that in 2014–2021 there was a decrease in oat yields in Yakutia. The correlation analysis showed that this was due to climate changes: active warming, and a tendency towards a decrease in precipitation during the oat growing season. The regression analysis of the oat crop structure in the Central Zone in 1999–2021 confirmed that all yield components depended on the moisture availability, and it was the decrease in precipitation that led to a reduction in such indicators as 1000 grain weight, plant height, panicle length, and yield. A significant dependence on humidification conditions indicates the need to continue breeding work towards the development of drought-resistant oat cultivars adapted to the specific agroclimatic environments of Yakutia.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"26 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-51-63
A. D. Ivashchenko, T. Sherstyukova, O. Khasbiullina, E. Rogozina
Background. Potato breeding involves planned artificial hybridization between previously selected parental lines. A way to make potato breeding more efficient is to use the diversity of the germplasm and broaden the gene pool of parental lines. Interspecific potato hybrids originated on the elite potato germplasm display a set of valuable traits. The current challenge is to assess the performance of potato hybrids under specific soil and climate conditions to clarify their breeding value.The objective of the study was to evaluate potato hybrids in the environments of Kamchatka Territory according to a set of traits, identify the best parental lines, develop new hybrid combinations, and select promising breeding material.Materials and methods. Eleven potato hybrids from VIR were studied over three years (2020–2022) in the fields of Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture. The hybrids were benchmarked against two reference potato cultivars, ‘Fresco’ and ‘Vulkan’, belonging to the early and mid-early maturity groups, respectively. Crosses between the hybrids and 28 potato cultivars were carried out in the greenhouse. The new hybrid material was tested in a preliminary trial nursery for yield and earliness.Results. Hybrid 117-2 was better in yield (899 g/plant) than cvs. ‘Vulkan’ and ‘Fresco’ (700–739 g/plant). Hybrids 94-5, 99-10- 1, 8-1-2004, 8-3-2004, 8-5-2004, 135-3-2005, 135-5-2005, 99-6-6, and 134-2-2006 in most traits matched the potato cultivars, manifesting good berry formation and seed setting when crossed. Out of 140 crosses between 11 hybrids and 28 cultivars, 35 crosses between 10 hybrids and 13 cultivars were successful. Most hybrids were effectively used in crossings as maternal forms.Conclusion. VIR’s hybrids 94-5, 8-1-2004, and 8-5-2004 proved the most promising as source material for the development of new early potatoes under the conditions of Kamchatka Territory.
{"title":"Breeding value of potato hybrid clones from the VIR collection revealed in the environments of Kamchatka Territory","authors":"A. D. Ivashchenko, T. Sherstyukova, O. Khasbiullina, E. Rogozina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-51-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-51-63","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Potato breeding involves planned artificial hybridization between previously selected parental lines. A way to make potato breeding more efficient is to use the diversity of the germplasm and broaden the gene pool of parental lines. Interspecific potato hybrids originated on the elite potato germplasm display a set of valuable traits. The current challenge is to assess the performance of potato hybrids under specific soil and climate conditions to clarify their breeding value.The objective of the study was to evaluate potato hybrids in the environments of Kamchatka Territory according to a set of traits, identify the best parental lines, develop new hybrid combinations, and select promising breeding material.Materials and methods. Eleven potato hybrids from VIR were studied over three years (2020–2022) in the fields of Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture. The hybrids were benchmarked against two reference potato cultivars, ‘Fresco’ and ‘Vulkan’, belonging to the early and mid-early maturity groups, respectively. Crosses between the hybrids and 28 potato cultivars were carried out in the greenhouse. The new hybrid material was tested in a preliminary trial nursery for yield and earliness.Results. Hybrid 117-2 was better in yield (899 g/plant) than cvs. ‘Vulkan’ and ‘Fresco’ (700–739 g/plant). Hybrids 94-5, 99-10- 1, 8-1-2004, 8-3-2004, 8-5-2004, 135-3-2005, 135-5-2005, 99-6-6, and 134-2-2006 in most traits matched the potato cultivars, manifesting good berry formation and seed setting when crossed. Out of 140 crosses between 11 hybrids and 28 cultivars, 35 crosses between 10 hybrids and 13 cultivars were successful. Most hybrids were effectively used in crossings as maternal forms.Conclusion. VIR’s hybrids 94-5, 8-1-2004, and 8-5-2004 proved the most promising as source material for the development of new early potatoes under the conditions of Kamchatka Territory.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"25 63","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-64-73
G. Kiseleva, E. Ulyanovskaya, T. V. Skhalyakho, A. Karavaeva
Background. Physiological and biochemical research on winter stress resistance of apple-tree cultivars of different ecogeographic origin under global warming is important for identifying the most adaptable genotypes for use in breeding practice. Such resistance is associated with the content of carbohydrates and anthocyanins, and the activity of peroxidase.Materials and methods. Two winter apple-tree cultivars developed at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine making (NCFSCHVW) and 3 foreign winter cultivars were studied using conventional physiological and biochemical methods.Results and discussion. The apple-tree cultivars ‘Orfey’ and ‘Prikubanskoye’ bred at the NCFSCHVW, when compared with foreign cvs. ‘Enterprise’, ‘Florina’ and ‘Ligol’, demonstrated higher contents of total water (by 2.5 %), starch (by 9.5 mg/g) and water-soluble sugars (by 19.3 mg/g) in shoots during the winter period. In the process of wintering, the anthocyanin content increased 2.9–4.3 times in the domestic cultivars, and 2.4–2.8 times in foreign ones. No regularities were found between the level of total peroxidase activity and winter hardiness of the studied apple cultivars.Conclusion. Cvs. ‘Orfey’ and ‘Prikubanskoye’ showed increased adaptability to the winter conditions in the unstable climate of Southern Russia, and can be recommended for cultivation in Krasnodar Territory and use in breeding practice.
{"title":"Winter stress resistance of apple tree under the conditions of Krasnodar Territory","authors":"G. Kiseleva, E. Ulyanovskaya, T. V. Skhalyakho, A. Karavaeva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-64-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-64-73","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Physiological and biochemical research on winter stress resistance of apple-tree cultivars of different ecogeographic origin under global warming is important for identifying the most adaptable genotypes for use in breeding practice. Such resistance is associated with the content of carbohydrates and anthocyanins, and the activity of peroxidase.Materials and methods. Two winter apple-tree cultivars developed at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine making (NCFSCHVW) and 3 foreign winter cultivars were studied using conventional physiological and biochemical methods.Results and discussion. The apple-tree cultivars ‘Orfey’ and ‘Prikubanskoye’ bred at the NCFSCHVW, when compared with foreign cvs. ‘Enterprise’, ‘Florina’ and ‘Ligol’, demonstrated higher contents of total water (by 2.5 %), starch (by 9.5 mg/g) and water-soluble sugars (by 19.3 mg/g) in shoots during the winter period. In the process of wintering, the anthocyanin content increased 2.9–4.3 times in the domestic cultivars, and 2.4–2.8 times in foreign ones. No regularities were found between the level of total peroxidase activity and winter hardiness of the studied apple cultivars.Conclusion. Cvs. ‘Orfey’ and ‘Prikubanskoye’ showed increased adaptability to the winter conditions in the unstable climate of Southern Russia, and can be recommended for cultivation in Krasnodar Territory and use in breeding practice.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"92 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141019274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-74-85
V. S. Petrov, A. Marmorshtein, M. Pankin, D. M. Tsiku, M. D. Larkina
Background. The pattern and duration of the grape plant growing season depends both on biological characteristics of plants and the environmental conditions of their habitat. Studying meteorological conditions and their effect on the growing phases of grape cultivars of different origin is important to optimize the deployment of these cultivars.Materials and methods. Eight introduced and domestic grape cultivars served as the research material. Phenological observations were carried out according to M. A. Lazarevsky, ANOVA was performed according to B. A. Dospekhov, the dependence of the duration of growing phases on weather conditions was assessed using pairwise correlations, and Student’s t-test was applied to determine statistical significance. Meteorological data were taken from the agrometeorological bulletins for Krasnodar Territory. The studies were conducted in the period from 2018 to 2021 under the agroecological conditions of the Black Sea viticulture zone.Results. Specific features of the temperature regime for grape growing phases in the environments of the Black Sea viticulture zone were ascertained. Indicators of heat supply and duration of the growing season according to Lazarevsky were used to identify the studied cultivars as early (‘Podarok Dmitriya’, ‘Reliance’, ‘Brigantina’ and ‘Anapskiy Ranniy’), medium (‘Concord’ and ‘Venus’), mid-late (‘Prikubanskiy’), and late (‘Kyoho’) genotypes. The sum of active temperatures required for the growing season of early cultivars was 2522–2603°C, for medium ones 2755–2760°C, for mid-late ones 2835°C, and for late ones 2970°C. According to the international classification, ‘Podarok Dmitriya’, ‘Reliance’, ‘Brigantina’ and ‘Anapskiy Ranniy’ are early, ‘Concord’, ‘Venus’ and ‘Prikubanskiy’ are mid-early, and ‘Kyoho’ is medium-ripening. All cultivars had a close direct relationship between the duration of their growing phases and the sum of air temperatures above +10°C.
背景。葡萄植物生长季节的模式和持续时间取决于植物的生物学特性及其栖息地的环境条件。研究气象条件及其对不同原产地葡萄栽培品种生长期的影响，对于优化这些栽培品种的部署非常重要。八种引进和国产葡萄栽培品种作为研究材料。根据 M. A. Lazarevsky 的方法进行物候观察，根据 B. A. Dospekhov 的方法进行方差分析，利用成对相关性评估生长阶段持续时间与天气条件的关系，并采用学生 t 检验确定统计意义。气象数据来自克拉斯诺达尔边疆区农业气象公报。研究于 2018 年至 2021 年期间在黑海葡萄栽培区的农业生态条件下进行。研究确定了黑海葡萄栽培区环境中葡萄生长阶段温度机制的具体特征。根据拉扎列夫斯基（Lazarevsky）的热量供应和生长季节持续时间指标，将所研究的栽培品种确定为早熟（'Podarok Dmitriya'、'Reliance'、'Brigantina'和'Anapskiy Ranniy'）、中熟（'Concord'和'Venus'）、中晚熟（'Prikubanskiy'）和晚熟（'Kyoho'）基因型。早熟品种生长季节所需的有效温度总和为 2522-2603°C，中熟品种为 2755-2760°C，中晚熟品种为 2835°C，晚熟品种为 2970°C。根据国际分类，'Podarok Dmitriya'、'Reliance'、'Brigantina'和'Anapskiy Ranniy'为早熟品种，'Concord'、'Venus'和'Prikubanskiy'为中早熟品种，'Kyoho'为中熟品种。所有栽培品种的生长期持续时间与高于 +10°C 的气温总和有密切的直接关系。
{"title":"Meteorological conditions for growing promising grape cultivars in the Black Sea agroecological zone of viticulture","authors":"V. S. Petrov, A. Marmorshtein, M. Pankin, D. M. Tsiku, M. D. Larkina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-74-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-74-85","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The pattern and duration of the grape plant growing season depends both on biological characteristics of plants and the environmental conditions of their habitat. Studying meteorological conditions and their effect on the growing phases of grape cultivars of different origin is important to optimize the deployment of these cultivars.Materials and methods. Eight introduced and domestic grape cultivars served as the research material. Phenological observations were carried out according to M. A. Lazarevsky, ANOVA was performed according to B. A. Dospekhov, the dependence of the duration of growing phases on weather conditions was assessed using pairwise correlations, and Student’s t-test was applied to determine statistical significance. Meteorological data were taken from the agrometeorological bulletins for Krasnodar Territory. The studies were conducted in the period from 2018 to 2021 under the agroecological conditions of the Black Sea viticulture zone.Results. Specific features of the temperature regime for grape growing phases in the environments of the Black Sea viticulture zone were ascertained. Indicators of heat supply and duration of the growing season according to Lazarevsky were used to identify the studied cultivars as early (‘Podarok Dmitriya’, ‘Reliance’, ‘Brigantina’ and ‘Anapskiy Ranniy’), medium (‘Concord’ and ‘Venus’), mid-late (‘Prikubanskiy’), and late (‘Kyoho’) genotypes. The sum of active temperatures required for the growing season of early cultivars was 2522–2603°C, for medium ones 2755–2760°C, for mid-late ones 2835°C, and for late ones 2970°C. According to the international classification, ‘Podarok Dmitriya’, ‘Reliance’, ‘Brigantina’ and ‘Anapskiy Ranniy’ are early, ‘Concord’, ‘Venus’ and ‘Prikubanskiy’ are mid-early, and ‘Kyoho’ is medium-ripening. All cultivars had a close direct relationship between the duration of their growing phases and the sum of air temperatures above +10°C.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-99-108
V. S. Popov, A. V. Salikova, I. Perchuk, N. G. Konkova, G. P. Egorova, M. Vishnyakova, T. Shelenga
Background. A calibration model has been developed for rapid assessment of economic value indicators (protein, oil, and quinolizidine alkaloid contents) in the seeds of narrowleaf lupine accessions from VIR using near-infrared spectroscopy, with the help of which it is possible to decide on the further use of the accessions.Materials and methods. Biochemical quality indicators (protein, oil, and quinolizidine alkaloid content) were studied in the seeds of narrowleaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grown in 2019 in the northwest of Russia. Calibration models for measuring protein, oil and alkaloids in lupine seeds (62 accessions) were developed using a MATRIX-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany). To construct calibration models, we used the values obtained by chemical analysis methods accepted at VIR. The oil content in lupine seeds was assessed by the defatted dry residue technique in Soxhlet extractors, protein by the Kjeldahl method, and quinolizidine alkaloids by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. All indicators were recalculated on the dry-weight basis.Results and conclusion. Statistical significance of the developed models was verified according to the results of measuring the content of protein, oil and alkaloids in the seeds of the test batch. The protein and oil content data obtained using a calibration curve did not differ significantly from the results of chemical studies, in contrast to alkaloid indicators. Consequently, the developed calibration model for the MATRIX-I IR analyzer can be used for rapid assessment of protein and oil content in narrowleaf lupine flour samples, thus accelerating the process of obtaining data on the main economic value indicators. The analysis does not require reagents and is safe.
{"title":"Rapid assessment of the main economic value indicators in lupine flour samples using infrared spectroscopy","authors":"V. S. Popov, A. V. Salikova, I. Perchuk, N. G. Konkova, G. P. Egorova, M. Vishnyakova, T. Shelenga","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-99-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-99-108","url":null,"abstract":"Background. A calibration model has been developed for rapid assessment of economic value indicators (protein, oil, and quinolizidine alkaloid contents) in the seeds of narrowleaf lupine accessions from VIR using near-infrared spectroscopy, with the help of which it is possible to decide on the further use of the accessions.Materials and methods. Biochemical quality indicators (protein, oil, and quinolizidine alkaloid content) were studied in the seeds of narrowleaf lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grown in 2019 in the northwest of Russia. Calibration models for measuring protein, oil and alkaloids in lupine seeds (62 accessions) were developed using a MATRIX-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany). To construct calibration models, we used the values obtained by chemical analysis methods accepted at VIR. The oil content in lupine seeds was assessed by the defatted dry residue technique in Soxhlet extractors, protein by the Kjeldahl method, and quinolizidine alkaloids by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. All indicators were recalculated on the dry-weight basis.Results and conclusion. Statistical significance of the developed models was verified according to the results of measuring the content of protein, oil and alkaloids in the seeds of the test batch. The protein and oil content data obtained using a calibration curve did not differ significantly from the results of chemical studies, in contrast to alkaloid indicators. Consequently, the developed calibration model for the MATRIX-I IR analyzer can be used for rapid assessment of protein and oil content in narrowleaf lupine flour samples, thus accelerating the process of obtaining data on the main economic value indicators. The analysis does not require reagents and is safe.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"74 S7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-109-117
V. S. Popov, T. Shelenga, O. Kovaleva, V. Khoreva
Background. The possibility of applying near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid assessment of various biochemical parameters in barley varieties and forms is discussed. The data obtained by the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of VIR served to construct calibration models for the content of protein, starch, oil, beta-glucans, and total phenolic compounds (PhC) in grain, facilitating further screening of various barley samples.Materials and methods. The chemical composition of grain was studied in naked and covered spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions grown in 2022 in the northwest of Russia. Calibration models were developed to measure the content of protein, oil, starch, beta-glucans, and PhC (80 accessions) in barley grain with the Matrix-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany). The models were constructed on the basis of the data obtained by conventional techniques of chemical analysis. The protein/ nitrogen content was assessed using the Kjeldahl method, oil according to the method of defatted dry residue modified by S. V. Ruszkovsky, starch by the polarimetric method according to Evers, beta-glucans by gravimetric analysis, and the total PhC content by the Folin–Ciocâlteu method modified by Singleton and Rossi.Results. Statistical significance of the constructed calibration tests was compared with the results of measuring protein, starch, oil, beta-glucan and PhC levels by chemical methods. It was shown that the data of calibration techniques for protein and starch were significant, while the remaining models required improvement.Conclusion. The proposed method helps to preserve valuable source material, increases labor efficiency, and does not require chemical reagents. Scanning each sample makes it possible to obtain data for several indicators at once, with a specified replication and standard deviation.
{"title":"Methodological aspects of using NIR spectroscopy to assess biochemical indicators in barley grain","authors":"V. S. Popov, T. Shelenga, O. Kovaleva, V. Khoreva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-109-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-109-117","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The possibility of applying near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy for rapid assessment of various biochemical parameters in barley varieties and forms is discussed. The data obtained by the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of VIR served to construct calibration models for the content of protein, starch, oil, beta-glucans, and total phenolic compounds (PhC) in grain, facilitating further screening of various barley samples.Materials and methods. The chemical composition of grain was studied in naked and covered spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions grown in 2022 in the northwest of Russia. Calibration models were developed to measure the content of protein, oil, starch, beta-glucans, and PhC (80 accessions) in barley grain with the Matrix-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany). The models were constructed on the basis of the data obtained by conventional techniques of chemical analysis. The protein/ nitrogen content was assessed using the Kjeldahl method, oil according to the method of defatted dry residue modified by S. V. Ruszkovsky, starch by the polarimetric method according to Evers, beta-glucans by gravimetric analysis, and the total PhC content by the Folin–Ciocâlteu method modified by Singleton and Rossi.Results. Statistical significance of the constructed calibration tests was compared with the results of measuring protein, starch, oil, beta-glucan and PhC levels by chemical methods. It was shown that the data of calibration techniques for protein and starch were significant, while the remaining models required improvement.Conclusion. The proposed method helps to preserve valuable source material, increases labor efficiency, and does not require chemical reagents. Scanning each sample makes it possible to obtain data for several indicators at once, with a specified replication and standard deviation.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-232-240
A. M. Zaretsky, A. B. Kurina, D. V. Sokolova
Currently, hybrid table beet seeds make up a significant part of the seeds sold in the world due to their high synchrony, root uniformity, and the effect of heterosis. Heterosis breeding of table beet in Russia is developed insufficiently. One of the reasons is the lack of a well-studied homogeneous linear material. Another reason is a long and labor-consuming process of obtaining parent components for classical crossing due to a 2-year cycle of crop development, a pronounced self-incompatibility system, and inbreeding depression. In vitro production of doubled table beet haploids makes it possible to obtain homozygous material in a short time. It can be used in breeding programs as an alternative to traditional inbred lines. Therefore, introduction of the haploidization technology into the table beet breeding programs is of great importance. This article discusses various approaches to the production of doubled beet haploids and describes crucial achievements, major problems, and the ways to solve them. Methods for producing doubled haploids of table beet has not been studied profoundly enough, so they require additional in-depth research aimed at improving their efficiency and reproducibility.
{"title":"On the issue of producing doubled haploids of table beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. conditiva Alef.) (a review)","authors":"A. M. Zaretsky, A. B. Kurina, D. V. Sokolova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-232-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-232-240","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, hybrid table beet seeds make up a significant part of the seeds sold in the world due to their high synchrony, root uniformity, and the effect of heterosis. Heterosis breeding of table beet in Russia is developed insufficiently. One of the reasons is the lack of a well-studied homogeneous linear material. Another reason is a long and labor-consuming process of obtaining parent components for classical crossing due to a 2-year cycle of crop development, a pronounced self-incompatibility system, and inbreeding depression. In vitro production of doubled table beet haploids makes it possible to obtain homozygous material in a short time. It can be used in breeding programs as an alternative to traditional inbred lines. Therefore, introduction of the haploidization technology into the table beet breeding programs is of great importance. This article discusses various approaches to the production of doubled beet haploids and describes crucial achievements, major problems, and the ways to solve them. Methods for producing doubled haploids of table beet has not been studied profoundly enough, so they require additional in-depth research aimed at improving their efficiency and reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-222-231
A. Y. Fizikova
Background. The grape is one of the most economically significant berry crops: its cultivation area covers over 6.7 million hectares. Due to certain biological characteristics of grapes, such as a long juvenile period (5–8 years), a high degree of genomic heterozygosity, and the frequently encountered phenomenon of inbred depression, when homozygotization during hybridization leads to a loss of viability and production characteristics of the cultivar, vegetative propagation becomes the basis for grape reproduction and industrial cultivation. Microclonal propagation is the foundation for rejuvenation and revitalization of modern vineyards. Developing approaches for microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars remains a relevant task for the modern wine industry.Materials and methods. The industrial grape cultivars ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, and ‘Riesling’ from the field collection of the All-Russian National Research institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” were used for the work.Results. This research succeeded in devising a universal, one-stage protocol for the microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars, such as ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, and ‘Riesling’, making the production of plants ready for adaptation into the soil (ex vitro) within 1 months after rooting.Conclusion. The use of the microclonal propagation protocol developed in this study for industrial grape cultivars will reduce labor costs and shorten the time required to obtain a plant ready for adaptation to open ground two to three times.
{"title":"Microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)","authors":"A. Y. Fizikova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-222-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-222-231","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The grape is one of the most economically significant berry crops: its cultivation area covers over 6.7 million hectares. Due to certain biological characteristics of grapes, such as a long juvenile period (5–8 years), a high degree of genomic heterozygosity, and the frequently encountered phenomenon of inbred depression, when homozygotization during hybridization leads to a loss of viability and production characteristics of the cultivar, vegetative propagation becomes the basis for grape reproduction and industrial cultivation. Microclonal propagation is the foundation for rejuvenation and revitalization of modern vineyards. Developing approaches for microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars remains a relevant task for the modern wine industry.Materials and methods. The industrial grape cultivars ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, and ‘Riesling’ from the field collection of the All-Russian National Research institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” were used for the work.Results. This research succeeded in devising a universal, one-stage protocol for the microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars, such as ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, and ‘Riesling’, making the production of plants ready for adaptation into the soil (ex vitro) within 1 months after rooting.Conclusion. The use of the microclonal propagation protocol developed in this study for industrial grape cultivars will reduce labor costs and shorten the time required to obtain a plant ready for adaptation to open ground two to three times.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-241-250
A. V. Inozemtseva, A. G. Elatskova, E. Khlestkina, N. Shvachko
The genetic base of compactness has been an area of active research in recent years, with several genes and mutations identified to be associated with the appearance of dwarf phenotypes. Understanding the functions of these genes and the underlying mechanisms of dwarfism in cucurbit crops is essential for developing new cultivars with improved yield and fruit quality. This study presents current data on genes and mutations associated with the evolvement of compact phenotypes in cucurbit crops. The review includes examples of mutant compact phenotypes and their associated genes in representatives of the Cucurbitaceae family, such as Cucurbita maxima Duch., Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbita moschata Duch., Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, and Cucumis melo L. The review provides up-to-date information on the genetic and molecular bases of compact phenotype formation, as well as molecular markers for detecting known genes associated with reduced plant size.
{"title":"Genetic bases of compact forms among cucurbit crops","authors":"A. V. Inozemtseva, A. G. Elatskova, E. Khlestkina, N. Shvachko","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-241-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-241-250","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic base of compactness has been an area of active research in recent years, with several genes and mutations identified to be associated with the appearance of dwarf phenotypes. Understanding the functions of these genes and the underlying mechanisms of dwarfism in cucurbit crops is essential for developing new cultivars with improved yield and fruit quality. This study presents current data on genes and mutations associated with the evolvement of compact phenotypes in cucurbit crops. The review includes examples of mutant compact phenotypes and their associated genes in representatives of the Cucurbitaceae family, such as Cucurbita maxima Duch., Cucurbita pepo L., Cucurbita moschata Duch., Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, and Cucumis melo L. The review provides up-to-date information on the genetic and molecular bases of compact phenotype formation, as well as molecular markers for detecting known genes associated with reduced plant size.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139626161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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