Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-201-209
N. Zoteyeva, O. Kosareva, E. Rogozina, N. Chalaya
Background. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a well-known pathogen affecting potato plants. Due to the changes in the pathogen population, the late blight disease caused by P. infestans is still difficult to manage. Economic losses are caused by the susceptibility of potato foliage or tubers to late blight, and both expressions of susceptibility are often not interconnected. Potato cultivars resistant to P. infestans are still too few to ensure reduction of harvest losses. Material and methods. In total, 682 potato cultivars and 20 hybrid clones from the VIR collection were screened in field and laboratory tests. They were assessed by conventional techniques. A score scale of 1–9 points was used both in the field and the laboratory, with 9 corresponding to disease resistance. Results. The results showed high infection pressure in the field during all four growing seasons of the experiment. The degrees of damage on the foliage varied from 1 to 8 points. The percentage of cultivars with strongly damaged foliage ranged from 55 % in 2020 to 66 % in 2023. From 17 % to 23 % of cultivars were assessed as moderately susceptible. The fact that many cultivars of various origin manifested compatibility with the local population of P. infestans during four growing seasons confirms its high and stable pathogenicity. Cultivars with high (points 7–8) or moderate (point 6) resistance were identified across the four years of testing. The part of the cultivars recognized as resistant earlier in 2017–2019 appeared to be moderately resistant or moderately susceptible in 2020–2023. Laboratory tests succeeded to identify genotypes with tuber resistance to late blight.
{"title":"Resistance of potato cultivars and hybrid clones from the VIR collection to the northwestern population of Phytophthora infestans","authors":"N. Zoteyeva, O. Kosareva, E. Rogozina, N. Chalaya","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-201-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-201-209","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a well-known pathogen affecting potato plants. Due to the changes in the pathogen population, the late blight disease caused by P. infestans is still difficult to manage. Economic losses are caused by the susceptibility of potato foliage or tubers to late blight, and both expressions of susceptibility are often not interconnected. Potato cultivars resistant to P. infestans are still too few to ensure reduction of harvest losses. Material and methods. In total, 682 potato cultivars and 20 hybrid clones from the VIR collection were screened in field and laboratory tests. They were assessed by conventional techniques. A score scale of 1–9 points was used both in the field and the laboratory, with 9 corresponding to disease resistance. Results. The results showed high infection pressure in the field during all four growing seasons of the experiment. The degrees of damage on the foliage varied from 1 to 8 points. The percentage of cultivars with strongly damaged foliage ranged from 55 % in 2020 to 66 % in 2023. From 17 % to 23 % of cultivars were assessed as moderately susceptible. The fact that many cultivars of various origin manifested compatibility with the local population of P. infestans during four growing seasons confirms its high and stable pathogenicity. Cultivars with high (points 7–8) or moderate (point 6) resistance were identified across the four years of testing. The part of the cultivars recognized as resistant earlier in 2017–2019 appeared to be moderately resistant or moderately susceptible in 2020–2023. Laboratory tests succeeded to identify genotypes with tuber resistance to late blight.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"100 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-189-200
A. A. Kharchenko, V. I. Belevtsova, I. Chukhina
Development of productive strawberry cultivars adapted to harsh winter conditions is an urgent task for plant breeders in Russia. The M. G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture has used wild strawberry forms combining several useful agronomic and biological traits, primarily the resistance to extreme environmental conditions, to achieve this objective. In the efforts to preserve the diversity of crop cultivars, the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) has developed and is implementing a program to establish nomenclatural standards for domestic cultivars of vegetatively propagated crops. The results of the implementation of this program are presented. Nomenclatural standards for the strawberry cultivars ‘Alexandra’, ‘Pokrovskaya’, ‘Sadovospasskaya’, ‘Vladyka Zosima’ and ‘Bersenevskaya’, released by the M. G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, have been formalized, registered in the VIR Herbarium Database, and placed for conservation in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives, and Weeds (WIR).
培育适应严冬条件的高产草莓栽培品种是俄罗斯植物育种工作者的一项紧迫任务。为了实现这一目标，M. G. Safronov 雅库特农业科学研究所利用了野生草莓，这些野生草莓结合了多种有用的农艺学和生物学特性，主要是对极端环境条件的抵抗力。在保护农作物栽培品种多样性的努力中，N. I.瓦维洛夫（N. I. Vavilov）全俄植物遗传资源研究所（VIR）制定并正在实施一项计划，为无性繁殖作物的国内栽培品种建立命名标准。本文介绍了该计划的实施成果。由 M. G. Safronov 雅库特农业科学研究所发布的草莓栽培品种 "Alexandra"、"Pokrovskaya"、"Sadovospasskaya"、"Vladyka Zosima "和 "Bersenevskaya "的命名标准已经正式确定，并在全俄植物标本馆数据库中进行了登记，还被放入世界栽培植物、其野生近缘植物和杂草标本馆（WIR）进行保护。
{"title":"Strawberry cultivars with Fragaria orientalis Losinsk. in their pedigrees","authors":"A. A. Kharchenko, V. I. Belevtsova, I. Chukhina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-189-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-189-200","url":null,"abstract":" Development of productive strawberry cultivars adapted to harsh winter conditions is an urgent task for plant breeders in Russia. The M. G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture has used wild strawberry forms combining several useful agronomic and biological traits, primarily the resistance to extreme environmental conditions, to achieve this objective. In the efforts to preserve the diversity of crop cultivars, the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) has developed and is implementing a program to establish nomenclatural standards for domestic cultivars of vegetatively propagated crops. The results of the implementation of this program are presented. Nomenclatural standards for the strawberry cultivars ‘Alexandra’, ‘Pokrovskaya’, ‘Sadovospasskaya’, ‘Vladyka Zosima’ and ‘Bersenevskaya’, released by the M. G. Safronov Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, have been formalized, registered in the VIR Herbarium Database, and placed for conservation in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives, and Weeds (WIR).","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"83 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-167-181
M. Ishmuratova, A. Ishbirdin, E. N. Suleymanova, N. I. Baryshnikova
A case study of 33 cenopopulations (South Urals, and Central Yakutia) and 8 herbarium specimens of Valeriana L. was used to make a comparative analysis of qualitative (fruit shape, color, and pubescence) and quantitative (fruit length, width, and length-to-width ratio) morphological characters, and 1000 fruit weight among the species Valeriana officinalis L., V. alternifolia Ledeb., V. dubia Bunge, V. wolgensis Kazak. and V. tuberosa L. Fruits of V. officinalis were found to be relatively light and small, those of V. alternifolia and V. tuberosa were relatively heavy, and those of V. wolgensis were large. Fruit indices (length-to-width ratios) of V. officinalis and V. wolgensis were higher than 2, while those of the remaining species were about 2. Dependence of fruit size characteristics on altitudes, latitudes, and weather conditions was shown. Intrapopulation variability of morphological features in fruits was, as a rule, low or very low. Fruit length variability was lower in most species than the variability of their fruit widths or fruit indices. The contribution of interspecific variability to the variation in the quantitative traits of fruits exceeded the contribution of interpopulation variability. Qualitative and quantitative fruit characters of Valeriana L. spp. can be used as additional taxonomic indicators for their differentiation. The keys are provided for identification of species according to their fruit characters.
通过对 33 个原生种群（南乌拉尔和中雅库特）和 8 个标本馆的 Valeriana L. 标本进行个案研究，对 Valeriana officinalis L. 的定性（果实形状、颜色和短柔毛）和定量（果实长度、宽度和长宽比）形态特征以及 1000 个果实重量进行了比较分析、V. officinalis 的果实相对较轻、较小，V. alternifolia 和 V. tuberosa 的果实相对较重，V. wolgensis 的果实较大。V. officinalis 和 V. wolgensis 的果实指数（长宽比）大于 2，而其余物种的果实指数约为 2。果实形态特征的种群内变异性通常较低或非常低。在大多数物种中，果实长度的变异性低于果实宽度或果实指数的变异性。种间变异对果实数量特征变异的贡献超过种群间变异。Valeriana L. 属果实的定性和定量特征可作为区分它们的附加分类指标。提供了根据果实特征鉴定物种的钥匙。
{"title":"Some species of Valeriana L.: comparative description of fruit morphology","authors":"M. Ishmuratova, A. Ishbirdin, E. N. Suleymanova, N. I. Baryshnikova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-167-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-167-181","url":null,"abstract":" A case study of 33 cenopopulations (South Urals, and Central Yakutia) and 8 herbarium specimens of Valeriana L. was used to make a comparative analysis of qualitative (fruit shape, color, and pubescence) and quantitative (fruit length, width, and length-to-width ratio) morphological characters, and 1000 fruit weight among the species Valeriana officinalis L., V. alternifolia Ledeb., V. dubia Bunge, V. wolgensis Kazak. and V. tuberosa L. Fruits of V. officinalis were found to be relatively light and small, those of V. alternifolia and V. tuberosa were relatively heavy, and those of V. wolgensis were large. Fruit indices (length-to-width ratios) of V. officinalis and V. wolgensis were higher than 2, while those of the remaining species were about 2. Dependence of fruit size characteristics on altitudes, latitudes, and weather conditions was shown. Intrapopulation variability of morphological features in fruits was, as a rule, low or very low. Fruit length variability was lower in most species than the variability of their fruit widths or fruit indices. The contribution of interspecific variability to the variation in the quantitative traits of fruits exceeded the contribution of interpopulation variability. Qualitative and quantitative fruit characters of Valeriana L. spp. can be used as additional taxonomic indicators for their differentiation. The keys are provided for identification of species according to their fruit characters.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-210-218
V. Sherstobitov, M. Kolesova
Background. European plum (Prunus domestica L.) is a widespread stone fruit crop in Krasnodar Territory and Adygea. Development of fungal diseases, including brown rot, shot hole, red leaf spot, and rust, leads to a significant decrease in the harvest and marketable quality of P. domestica fruits. Therefore, breeding for resistance to these diseases is very important for planting highly productive European plum orchards. The objective of this study was to identify P. domestica cultivars resistant to four fungal diseases under the conditions of the foothill zone of Adygea. Materials and methods. The research material included 25 P. domestica cultivars from the collection orchard of Maikop Experiment Station of VIR. Resistance to fungal diseases was assessed in 2011–2022 using a conventional scale. Results and conclusions. Weather and climate conditions during the flowering, fruit growth and ripening periods of European plum affected the degree of damage inflicted by fungal diseases. Many years of testing resulted in identifying P. domestica cultivars with different scores of resistance to brown rot, shot hole, and rust. Ten P. domestica cultivars were characterized by group resistance to the abovementioned diseases: ‘Anna Shpet’ (k-3325), ‘Vengerka Rannyaya’ (k-3459), ‘Vengerka Italyanskaya’ (k-3444), ‘Musa Dzhaliev’ (k-26994), ‘Vengerka Vkusnaya’ (k-43323), ‘Persikovaya Michurina’ (k-30706), ‘Chernosliv Adygeyskiy’ (k-23743), ‘Chernosliv Shuntukskiy’ (k-23707), ‘Yekaterina’ (yellow) (k-3520), and ‘Vasсova’ (k-27639). They can be recommended to plum breeders for the development of P. domestica cultivars with group resistance to fungal diseases in the foothill zone of Adygea.
{"title":"Resistance of European plum to fungal diseases in the foothill zone of Adygea","authors":"V. Sherstobitov, M. Kolesova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-210-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-210-218","url":null,"abstract":" Background. European plum (Prunus domestica L.) is a widespread stone fruit crop in Krasnodar Territory and Adygea. Development of fungal diseases, including brown rot, shot hole, red leaf spot, and rust, leads to a significant decrease in the harvest and marketable quality of P. domestica fruits. Therefore, breeding for resistance to these diseases is very important for planting highly productive European plum orchards. The objective of this study was to identify P. domestica cultivars resistant to four fungal diseases under the conditions of the foothill zone of Adygea. Materials and methods. The research material included 25 P. domestica cultivars from the collection orchard of Maikop Experiment Station of VIR. Resistance to fungal diseases was assessed in 2011–2022 using a conventional scale. Results and conclusions. Weather and climate conditions during the flowering, fruit growth and ripening periods of European plum affected the degree of damage inflicted by fungal diseases. Many years of testing resulted in identifying P. domestica cultivars with different scores of resistance to brown rot, shot hole, and rust. Ten P. domestica cultivars were characterized by group resistance to the abovementioned diseases: ‘Anna Shpet’ (k-3325), ‘Vengerka Rannyaya’ (k-3459), ‘Vengerka Italyanskaya’ (k-3444), ‘Musa Dzhaliev’ (k-26994), ‘Vengerka Vkusnaya’ (k-43323), ‘Persikovaya Michurina’ (k-30706), ‘Chernosliv Adygeyskiy’ (k-23743), ‘Chernosliv Shuntukskiy’ (k-23707), ‘Yekaterina’ (yellow) (k-3520), and ‘Vasсova’ (k-27639). They can be recommended to plum breeders for the development of P. domestica cultivars with group resistance to fungal diseases in the foothill zone of Adygea.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"97 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-219-228
B. V. Rigin, I. Loskutov, I. Matvienko, Z. A. Shchedrina, R. A. Abdullaev, E. Zuev, E. Radchenko
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Koshkin was a prominent representative of the school of plant physiologists at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). He introduced his ideas on the mechanisms of photosynthesis intensity as well as the distribution of photoperiod sensitivity and the rate of development among plant species diversity. He was the first to examine in detail and disclose the relationship between the carbon dioxide compensation point and leaf temperature in C3 and C4 plants. According to Dr. Koshkin, there was no change in the sign of the photoperiodic reaction in the generic evolution of Triticum L. and Aegilops L., while the spring forms of bread and durum wheat widespread in the equatorial zone demonstrated weak photoperiod sensitivity. In his work with the resource departments of VIR, Dr. Koshkin was interested in plant breeding problems in the context of developing earlier-ripening cereal cultivars with a certain reaction to the photoperiod. His joint research projects with a number of breeding centers in Russia on this problem proved effective. He participated in collecting missions in Latin American countries (Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil) and was awarded a Timiryazev Gold Medal. Dr. Koshkin was the author of 163 scientific publications and had about 20 certificates of authorship and patents for inventions, crop cultivars and lines. Dr. Vladimir Koshkin was quick to perceive the essence of any problem and used adequate modern methods to set up and analyze high-precision experiments.
{"title":"Contribution of Dr. Vladimir A. Koshkin to the development of plant physiology at VIR","authors":"B. V. Rigin, I. Loskutov, I. Matvienko, Z. A. Shchedrina, R. A. Abdullaev, E. Zuev, E. Radchenko","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-219-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-219-228","url":null,"abstract":" Vladimir Aleksandrovich Koshkin was a prominent representative of the school of plant physiologists at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). He introduced his ideas on the mechanisms of photosynthesis intensity as well as the distribution of photoperiod sensitivity and the rate of development among plant species diversity. He was the first to examine in detail and disclose the relationship between the carbon dioxide compensation point and leaf temperature in C3 and C4 plants. According to Dr. Koshkin, there was no change in the sign of the photoperiodic reaction in the generic evolution of Triticum L. and Aegilops L., while the spring forms of bread and durum wheat widespread in the equatorial zone demonstrated weak photoperiod sensitivity. In his work with the resource departments of VIR, Dr. Koshkin was interested in plant breeding problems in the context of developing earlier-ripening cereal cultivars with a certain reaction to the photoperiod. His joint research projects with a number of breeding centers in Russia on this problem proved effective. He participated in collecting missions in Latin American countries (Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil) and was awarded a Timiryazev Gold Medal. Dr. Koshkin was the author of 163 scientific publications and had about 20 certificates of authorship and patents for inventions, crop cultivars and lines. Dr. Vladimir Koshkin was quick to perceive the essence of any problem and used adequate modern methods to set up and analyze high-precision experiments.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"83 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-182-188
E. G. Nikolin
The village of Ugolnye Kopi (Anadyrsky District, Chukotka Autonomous Area, Russia) is located in the left-bank estuary part of the Anadyr River, on the shore of the Anadyr Firth, overlooking the Bering Sea. Despite a relatively low latitude (64°44’N), more suitable for the development of boreal vegetation, the effect of cold-sea air masses on the environments of this locality forms vegetation more typical of the Subarctic tundra subzone. Penetration of adventive plant species, human satellites, into this area is very limited. There has been no previous information about the composition of the synanthropic flora at Ugolnye Kopi Village. Some data concerning adventive plants in the vicinity of the town of Anadyr were available in the review published by N. A. Sekretareva and A. A. Korobkov from the Komarov Botanical Institute. A survey conducted in August 2021 resulted in identifying an adventive component of the flora in the vicinity of Ugolnye Kopi, consisting of 44 vascular plant species. A key role in the village’s spontaneous landscaping has been played by 18 species of apophytes that arrived and settled there from the surrounding vegetation. Seven more apophytic species came to the village from more distant places of Chukotka. The usual synanthropic component, long ago acclimatized in Chukotka, is represented by 7 species: Hordeum jubatum, Chenopodium prostratum, Descurainia sophioides, Erysimum boreale, E. cheiranthoides, Taraxacum ceratophorum, and T. officinale s.l. Invasive species alien to this area are Elytrigia repens, Puccinellia borealis, Oberna behen, Stellaria media, Boechera pendula, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Trifolium repens, Lappula anisacantha, L. heteracantha, Lepidotheca suaveolens, Senecio dubitabilis, and S. vulgaris.
乌戈尔涅科皮村（俄罗斯楚科奇自治区阿纳季尔斯基区）位于阿纳德尔河左岸河口部分，地处阿纳德尔峡湾岸边，俯瞰白令海。尽管这里的纬度相对较低（北纬 64°44'），更适合北方植被的发展，但冷海气团对该地区环境的影响形成了更典型的亚北极苔原亚区植被。人类卫星等外来植物物种对这一地区的渗透非常有限。以前没有关于乌戈尔涅科皮村同生植物区系组成的信息。科马罗夫植物研究所的 N. A. 塞克雷塔列娃和 A. A. 科罗布科夫发表的综述中提供了一些有关阿纳德尔镇附近外来植物的数据。2021 年 8 月进行的一项调查确定了乌戈尔涅科皮附近植物区系的外来成分，包括 44 种维管束植物。在村庄自发形成的景观中，有 18 种从周围植被中迁入并定居下来的叶绿体植物发挥了关键作用。还有 7 种植物是从楚科奇更遥远的地方来到村庄的。7 个物种代表了楚科奇很久以前就适应了当地环境的通常的同生植物成分：Hordeum jubatum、Chenopodium prostratum、Descurainia sophioides、Erysimum boreale、E. cheiranthoides、Taraxacum ceratophorum 和 T. officinale s.l.。该地区的外来入侵物种有 Elytrigia repens、Puccinellia borealis、Oberna behen、Stellaria media、Boechera pendula、Capsella bursa-pastoris、Trifolium repens、Lappula anisacantha、L. heteracantha、Lepidotheca suaveolens、Senecio dubitabilis 和 S. vulgaris。
{"title":"Weedy plants at Ugolnye Kopi Village, Anadyrsky District, Chukotka Autonomous Area","authors":"E. G. Nikolin","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-182-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-182-188","url":null,"abstract":" The village of Ugolnye Kopi (Anadyrsky District, Chukotka Autonomous Area, Russia) is located in the left-bank estuary part of the Anadyr River, on the shore of the Anadyr Firth, overlooking the Bering Sea. Despite a relatively low latitude (64°44’N), more suitable for the development of boreal vegetation, the effect of cold-sea air masses on the environments of this locality forms vegetation more typical of the Subarctic tundra subzone. Penetration of adventive plant species, human satellites, into this area is very limited. There has been no previous information about the composition of the synanthropic flora at Ugolnye Kopi Village. Some data concerning adventive plants in the vicinity of the town of Anadyr were available in the review published by N. A. Sekretareva and A. A. Korobkov from the Komarov Botanical Institute. A survey conducted in August 2021 resulted in identifying an adventive component of the flora in the vicinity of Ugolnye Kopi, consisting of 44 vascular plant species. A key role in the village’s spontaneous landscaping has been played by 18 species of apophytes that arrived and settled there from the surrounding vegetation. Seven more apophytic species came to the village from more distant places of Chukotka. The usual synanthropic component, long ago acclimatized in Chukotka, is represented by 7 species: Hordeum jubatum, Chenopodium prostratum, Descurainia sophioides, Erysimum boreale, E. cheiranthoides, Taraxacum ceratophorum, and T. officinale s.l. Invasive species alien to this area are Elytrigia repens, Puccinellia borealis, Oberna behen, Stellaria media, Boechera pendula, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Trifolium repens, Lappula anisacantha, L. heteracantha, Lepidotheca suaveolens, Senecio dubitabilis, and S. vulgaris.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"58 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-147-156
I. S. Antonova, M. Televinova
Background. Fraxinus excelsior L. is a common forest species in the Central Russian Upland, used to produce valuable lumber and for landscaping. Mass mortality of this species due to fungi and insects determines the relevance of its detailed research. Tree crown development features play an important role in the tree’s life in both dense communities and open spaces. Materials and methods. Shoots and large branches were collected from the apical part of the crown for ten years in Belgorod and Leningrad Provinces. The lengths of internodes and shoots, the numbers of leaves and branchings, and shoot development patterns were analyzed. An unmanned aerial vehicle was employed to examine the treetops. The complexes of large branches on the crown periphery in different age states (g1, g2, and g3) were studied both by direct measurement and using photographs. The effect of temperatures on the length and number of leaves was assessed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Shoots of F. excelsior are significantly shorter at high mean temperatures in the second ten-day period of June. The number of leaves on them is significantly greater at high temperatures in the second ten-day period of May. Six-to-eight-leafed shoots make up the ascending part on the curve of the sequence of internode lengths for the most developed shoots. In ontogenetic states g1 and g2, the crown surface is represented by sections of large branches. In the g3 state, they break up into complexes of small weakly branching spherical structures. The apical branches of the umbrella-shaped crown of generative ash trees are inverted cone-shaped shoot complexes with a similar development pattern. Conclusion. The structure and development of F. excelsior branches characterizes the ecological features of the species, manifested through the absence of obvious branching orders and combined with the inverted conical shape of large branches.
{"title":"Shoot complexes on the apical part of the crown of generative Fraxinus excelsior L. trees","authors":"I. S. Antonova, M. Televinova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-147-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-147-156","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Fraxinus excelsior L. is a common forest species in the Central Russian Upland, used to produce valuable lumber and for landscaping. Mass mortality of this species due to fungi and insects determines the relevance of its detailed research. Tree crown development features play an important role in the tree’s life in both dense communities and open spaces. Materials and methods. Shoots and large branches were collected from the apical part of the crown for ten years in Belgorod and Leningrad Provinces. The lengths of internodes and shoots, the numbers of leaves and branchings, and shoot development patterns were analyzed. An unmanned aerial vehicle was employed to examine the treetops. The complexes of large branches on the crown periphery in different age states (g1, g2, and g3) were studied both by direct measurement and using photographs. The effect of temperatures on the length and number of leaves was assessed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Shoots of F. excelsior are significantly shorter at high mean temperatures in the second ten-day period of June. The number of leaves on them is significantly greater at high temperatures in the second ten-day period of May. Six-to-eight-leafed shoots make up the ascending part on the curve of the sequence of internode lengths for the most developed shoots. In ontogenetic states g1 and g2, the crown surface is represented by sections of large branches. In the g3 state, they break up into complexes of small weakly branching spherical structures. The apical branches of the umbrella-shaped crown of generative ash trees are inverted cone-shaped shoot complexes with a similar development pattern. Conclusion. The structure and development of F. excelsior branches characterizes the ecological features of the species, manifested through the absence of obvious branching orders and combined with the inverted conical shape of large branches.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"109 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-157-166
N. Bagrikova, Z. Bondarenko
Background. Special attention is paid in many regions to invasive plant species introduced into natural plant communities. Studying the degree of naturalization of Berberis aquifolium Pursh and Daphne laureola L. on the Crimean Peninsula is important because these species are currently observed in different types of forest vegetation, including Protected Areas. Materials and methods. Forest plant communities with B. aquifolium and D. laureola served as the research target. A geobotanical survey was conducted in 2019–2021 using the Braun-Blanquet approach. The JUICE platform and the PC-ORD 5.0 algorithm were employed to perform the cluster analysis, and the PAST 3.26 software for the ordination analysis. Twelve factors were considered: soil humidity (Hd), humidity fluctuation (fH), substrate acidity (Rc), anionic composition (Tr), carbonate content (Ca), nitrogen content (Nt), granulometric (mechanical) composition of the substrate (Ae), illuminance of the community (Lc), thermal regime (Tm), aridity/humidity (Om), cryoregime (Cr), and climate continentality (Kn). Phytoindication technique was used to determine the parameters of ecological niches. Results and conclusion. The communities with B. aquifolium and D. laureola on the Southern Coast of Crimea were found to belong to the Quercetea pubescentis and Erico-Pinetea classes of vegetation. The species appeared to be most widespread in the pine-oak-hornbeam and oak-hornbeam-dogwood forest communities where they occurred mainly along riverbeds, near springs, and along gully bottoms. According to a majority of edaphoclimatic factors, their habitat conditions corresponded to the parameters of the fundamental niches for the studied species, which explains their high degree of adaptation to the natural environments on the Southern Coast of Crimea.
背景。许多地区都特别关注引入自然植物群落的入侵植物物种。研究小檗（Berberis aquifolium Pursh）和月见草（Daphne laureola L.）在克里米亚半岛的归化程度非常重要，因为目前在包括保护区在内的不同类型森林植被中都能观察到这些物种。 材料与方法研究对象是含有 B. aquifolium 和 D. laureola 的森林植物群落。2019-2021 年，采用 Braun-Blanquet 方法进行了地理植物学调查。采用 JUICE 平台和 PC-ORD 5.0 算法进行聚类分析，并使用 PAST 3.26 软件进行排序分析。共考虑了 12 个因子：土壤湿度（Hd）、湿度波动（fH）、基质酸度（Rc）、阴离子成分（Tr）、碳酸盐含量（Ca）、氮含量（Nt）、基质颗粒度（机械）成分（Ae）、群落光照度（Lc）、热制度（Tm）、干旱/湿度（Om）、低温制度（Cr）和气候大陆性（Kn）。植物指示技术用于确定生态位参数。 结果与结论在克里米亚南海岸发现的 B. aquifolium 和 D. laureola 群落属于 Quercetea pubescentis 和 Erico-Pinetea 类植被。这些物种似乎在松树-橡树-角叉树和橡树-角叉树-狗尾草森林群落中分布最广，主要分布在河床边、泉水附近和沟底。根据大多数气候因素，它们的栖息地条件符合所研究物种的基本生态位参数，这说明它们高度适应克里米亚南海岸的自然环境。
{"title":"Adaptation features of the invasive species Berberis aquifolium Pursh and Daphne laureola/i> L. in forest communities on the Southern Coast of Crimea","authors":"N. Bagrikova, Z. Bondarenko","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-157-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-157-166","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Special attention is paid in many regions to invasive plant species introduced into natural plant communities. Studying the degree of naturalization of Berberis aquifolium Pursh and Daphne laureola L. on the Crimean Peninsula is important because these species are currently observed in different types of forest vegetation, including Protected Areas. Materials and methods. Forest plant communities with B. aquifolium and D. laureola served as the research target. A geobotanical survey was conducted in 2019–2021 using the Braun-Blanquet approach. The JUICE platform and the PC-ORD 5.0 algorithm were employed to perform the cluster analysis, and the PAST 3.26 software for the ordination analysis. Twelve factors were considered: soil humidity (Hd), humidity fluctuation (fH), substrate acidity (Rc), anionic composition (Tr), carbonate content (Ca), nitrogen content (Nt), granulometric (mechanical) composition of the substrate (Ae), illuminance of the community (Lc), thermal regime (Tm), aridity/humidity (Om), cryoregime (Cr), and climate continentality (Kn). Phytoindication technique was used to determine the parameters of ecological niches. Results and conclusion. The communities with B. aquifolium and D. laureola on the Southern Coast of Crimea were found to belong to the Quercetea pubescentis and Erico-Pinetea classes of vegetation. The species appeared to be most widespread in the pine-oak-hornbeam and oak-hornbeam-dogwood forest communities where they occurred mainly along riverbeds, near springs, and along gully bottoms. According to a majority of edaphoclimatic factors, their habitat conditions corresponded to the parameters of the fundamental niches for the studied species, which explains their high degree of adaptation to the natural environments on the Southern Coast of Crimea.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"117 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-128-137
L. A. Chernenkiy, L. A. Lukicheva
Background. Sweet cherry plants bear fruit annually, are high-yielding, and generate good profits. Cultivars with early-ripening fruits are specially valued. Cultivation of such sweet cherries makes it possible to extend the period of fresh fruit consumption and increase the profitability of orchards. It is therefore relevant to breed new early-ripening cultivars of this fruit plant. Materials and methods. Twenty sweet cherry forms from five hybrid families obtained with in vitro embryo culture techniques at the Nikita Botanical Gardens were analyzed. The original early-ripening cultivars included in the hybridization of ‘Durona di Vignola 2’ and ‘Zemfira’ were used as a control. Flowering dates, fruit ripening dates, fruit weight and quality, resistance to negative temperatures (down to –25.6°C), and susceptibility to fungal diseases were studied from 2012 to 2021 at the Steppe Horticulture Laboratory, Nikita Botanical Gardens, using conventional methods. Results and conclusions. Late-flowering breeding forms 460, 597, 602, 612 and 843 were selected for their lowest susceptibility to the effects of late spring frosts. Forms 343, 366, 453, 459, 460, 602, 612, 653, 353, 387, 600, 653 and 843 had early and very early fruit ripening periods. Forms 320, 434, 460, 593a, 597, 600, 601, 602 and 607 were identified for their high yields. Genotypes 459, 460, 601 and 843 demonstrated resistance to Cylindrosporium hiemale Higg., and 597, 843 and 320 to Monilia cinerea Bonord. High winter hardiness and frost resistance was observed in forms 355, 434, 459, 597 and 602. Breeding forms 460, 602 and 843 were identified as promising for a set of traits (late flowering, large high-quality fruits, resistance to major diseases, and high yield). They are of interest for introduction into horticultural production and use in further breeding work to develop new competitive cultivars.
{"title":"Sweet cherry forms obtained with embryo culture techniques and their study in the Crimean steppe","authors":"L. A. Chernenkiy, L. A. Lukicheva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-128-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-128-137","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Sweet cherry plants bear fruit annually, are high-yielding, and generate good profits. Cultivars with early-ripening fruits are specially valued. Cultivation of such sweet cherries makes it possible to extend the period of fresh fruit consumption and increase the profitability of orchards. It is therefore relevant to breed new early-ripening cultivars of this fruit plant. Materials and methods. Twenty sweet cherry forms from five hybrid families obtained with in vitro embryo culture techniques at the Nikita Botanical Gardens were analyzed. The original early-ripening cultivars included in the hybridization of ‘Durona di Vignola 2’ and ‘Zemfira’ were used as a control. Flowering dates, fruit ripening dates, fruit weight and quality, resistance to negative temperatures (down to –25.6°C), and susceptibility to fungal diseases were studied from 2012 to 2021 at the Steppe Horticulture Laboratory, Nikita Botanical Gardens, using conventional methods. Results and conclusions. Late-flowering breeding forms 460, 597, 602, 612 and 843 were selected for their lowest susceptibility to the effects of late spring frosts. Forms 343, 366, 453, 459, 460, 602, 612, 653, 353, 387, 600, 653 and 843 had early and very early fruit ripening periods. Forms 320, 434, 460, 593a, 597, 600, 601, 602 and 607 were identified for their high yields. Genotypes 459, 460, 601 and 843 demonstrated resistance to Cylindrosporium hiemale Higg., and 597, 843 and 320 to Monilia cinerea Bonord. High winter hardiness and frost resistance was observed in forms 355, 434, 459, 597 and 602. Breeding forms 460, 602 and 843 were identified as promising for a set of traits (late flowering, large high-quality fruits, resistance to major diseases, and high yield). They are of interest for introduction into horticultural production and use in further breeding work to develop new competitive cultivars.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"114 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-106-115
D. S. Garapov, O. V. Mochalova
Background. Interspecific hybrids between the Ussuri plum (Prunus salicina subsp. ussuriensis (Koval. et Kost.) Erem.) and bullace (P. domestica subsp. insititia (Jusl.) Schneid.) were studied to discover causes of their low yields. A possibility is shown to use interspecific diploid hybrids in plum breeding for resistance to asphyxiation in snow-rich regions of Siberia. Materials and methods. The research materials included interspecific hybrids: Ayskaya (2n = 16), six Ayskaya seedlings (2n = 16, 24), and TSG No. 8 (2n = 32); Ussuri plum cv. ‘Altayskaya Yubileynaya’ (2n = 16), and bullace 18-119 (2n = 48). The research was conducted in 2004–2023 in the forest-steppe zone of the Ob river region in Altai. Conventional cytological andcultivar-testing methods were used. Results and conclusion. The yield of the Ayskaya and TSG No. 8 interspecific hybrids strongly depended on mean daily temperatures during blossoming (r = 0.77 ± 0.26 and r = 0.74 ± 0.27, respectively) when compared to the Ussuri plum. Fruit trait segregation in the Ayskaya seedlings was specific to diploid plums – variations in fruit weight (5.6–27.6 g), skin color (violet, claret, red, and yellow), and flesh color (yellow, red, and green). Most fruit traits of the seedlings were similar to those of their maternal form. The content of polyaperturate pollen in polyploids (25.0–37.9 %) was much higher than in diploids (less than 1.4 %), which means that this trait makes it possible to identify polyploids in the progenies of interspecific plum hybrids. Diploid form 12-04-309 (pollen fertility: 45.9%) was selected as a source of asphyxiation resistance for diploid plum breeding, and tetraploid form TSG No. 8 (pollen viability: 24.2 %) for hybrid blackthorn breeding.
{"title":"Breeding properties and cytological characteristics of interspecific hybrids between the Ussuri plum and bullace","authors":"D. S. Garapov, O. V. Mochalova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-106-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2024-2-106-115","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Interspecific hybrids between the Ussuri plum (Prunus salicina subsp. ussuriensis (Koval. et Kost.) Erem.) and bullace (P. domestica subsp. insititia (Jusl.) Schneid.) were studied to discover causes of their low yields. A possibility is shown to use interspecific diploid hybrids in plum breeding for resistance to asphyxiation in snow-rich regions of Siberia. Materials and methods. The research materials included interspecific hybrids: Ayskaya (2n = 16), six Ayskaya seedlings (2n = 16, 24), and TSG No. 8 (2n = 32); Ussuri plum cv. ‘Altayskaya Yubileynaya’ (2n = 16), and bullace 18-119 (2n = 48). The research was conducted in 2004–2023 in the forest-steppe zone of the Ob river region in Altai. Conventional cytological andcultivar-testing methods were used. Results and conclusion. The yield of the Ayskaya and TSG No. 8 interspecific hybrids strongly depended on mean daily temperatures during blossoming (r = 0.77 ± 0.26 and r = 0.74 ± 0.27, respectively) when compared to the Ussuri plum. Fruit trait segregation in the Ayskaya seedlings was specific to diploid plums – variations in fruit weight (5.6–27.6 g), skin color (violet, claret, red, and yellow), and flesh color (yellow, red, and green). Most fruit traits of the seedlings were similar to those of their maternal form. The content of polyaperturate pollen in polyploids (25.0–37.9 %) was much higher than in diploids (less than 1.4 %), which means that this trait makes it possible to identify polyploids in the progenies of interspecific plum hybrids. Diploid form 12-04-309 (pollen fertility: 45.9%) was selected as a source of asphyxiation resistance for diploid plum breeding, and tetraploid form TSG No. 8 (pollen viability: 24.2 %) for hybrid blackthorn breeding.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 1239","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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