Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-103-115
V. Shamanin, I. Pototskaya, S. A. Esse, M. S. Gladkih, S. S. Shepelev, E. Zuev, N. A. Vinichenko, H. Koksel, A. Morgounov
Background. Improving the grain quality of modern spring bread wheat cultivars is a highly relevant task of breeding. To solve this problem, old and local wheat varieties (landraces) are of considerable interest. A rich collection of them is available among the plant genetic resources preserved at VIR. With this in view, the aim of this research was to identify sources of high protein, gluten, macro- and micronutrient content out of the landraces from the VIR collection for improvement of wheat grain quality through breeding.Materials and methods. Field and laboratory research were conducted in the experimental field of Omsk State Agrarian University under the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2020–2021. Sowing was carried out on fallow on conventional sowing dates. Mineral composition in the grain of the studied landraces was analyzed at the Kurchatov Genomic Center, Novosibirsk, using atomic absorption spectrometry techniques.Results. The research results showed that landraces from different regions of Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan were characterized by high levels of protein (18.4–18.8%) and gluten (35.9–36.0%) in grain. Landraces from Kazakhstan had low Zn content (on average 38.3 mg/kg), while those from Kyrgyzstan, on the contrary, had high content of Zn (41.9 mg/kg) and Fe (55.1 mg/kg), and landraces from Tajikistan had high K content (3820 mg/kg). A positive relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn was found in the grain of wheat landraces.Conclusion. Wheat landraces are of interest as genetic resources for the development of high-protein cultivars with improved nutritional value of grain for the milling and breadmaking industries.
{"title":"Wheat landraces as sources of high grain quality and nutritional properties","authors":"V. Shamanin, I. Pototskaya, S. A. Esse, M. S. Gladkih, S. S. Shepelev, E. Zuev, N. A. Vinichenko, H. Koksel, A. Morgounov","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-103-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-103-115","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Improving the grain quality of modern spring bread wheat cultivars is a highly relevant task of breeding. To solve this problem, old and local wheat varieties (landraces) are of considerable interest. A rich collection of them is available among the plant genetic resources preserved at VIR. With this in view, the aim of this research was to identify sources of high protein, gluten, macro- and micronutrient content out of the landraces from the VIR collection for improvement of wheat grain quality through breeding.Materials and methods. Field and laboratory research were conducted in the experimental field of Omsk State Agrarian University under the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2020–2021. Sowing was carried out on fallow on conventional sowing dates. Mineral composition in the grain of the studied landraces was analyzed at the Kurchatov Genomic Center, Novosibirsk, using atomic absorption spectrometry techniques.Results. The research results showed that landraces from different regions of Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan were characterized by high levels of protein (18.4–18.8%) and gluten (35.9–36.0%) in grain. Landraces from Kazakhstan had low Zn content (on average 38.3 mg/kg), while those from Kyrgyzstan, on the contrary, had high content of Zn (41.9 mg/kg) and Fe (55.1 mg/kg), and landraces from Tajikistan had high K content (3820 mg/kg). A positive relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn was found in the grain of wheat landraces.Conclusion. Wheat landraces are of interest as genetic resources for the development of high-protein cultivars with improved nutritional value of grain for the milling and breadmaking industries.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-196-206
Yu. V. Zeleneva, V. P. Sudnikovа, N. M. Kovalenkо, I. V. Gusev
Background. Leaf and stem diseases of cereal crops are among the most harmful in the agrocenoses of Tambov Province, significantly reducing grain yield and rapidly progressing in many regions of Russia. The aim of the study was to identify spring bread wheat lines and cultivars developed at the Middle-Russian Branch of the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center that show resistance to leaf and stem diseases.Materials and methods. The target material was represented by 3 cultivars and 23 breeding lines of spring bread wheat. Disease resistance in seedlings was assessed in the laboratory, while for adult plants the process was carried out in the field in 2020–2022. The presence of the Tsn1 allele controlling susceptibility to the PtrToxA fungal toxin was detected using the Xfcp623 molecular marker.Results and conclusions. Accessions with high levels of resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici were identified: L-8252, L-82/60, L-8107, L-8078(23), L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-8/15, Stb-7/15, and Stb-92. Accessions Stb-97, Stb-89, Stb-89(a), Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 were resistant to Parastagonospora nodorum; L-8134, L-8114, L-82/60, L-8107, Stb-10/15, Stb-9/15, Stb-8/15, Stb-7/15, Stb-97, Stb-89, Stb-89(a), Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 to P. pseudonodorum; L-8252, L-8107, L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb10/15, Stb-9/15, Stb-97, Stb-92, Stb-92(a), Stb-89, Stb-89(a), and Stb-34 to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; and L-8114, L-82/60, L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 to Bipolaris sorokiniana. The cultivars and breeding lines showed group resistance to two, three or four pathogens. It was Lines L-8252, L-8134, L-82/60, L-8107, L-8078 (23), L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-89, Stb-90, Stb-34, and L-33809-7-3 were observed to carry the recessive allele of the tsn1 gene.
{"title":"Resistance of spring bread wheat cultivars and lines to Septoria leaf blotch, tan spot, and spot blotch pathogens","authors":"Yu. V. Zeleneva, V. P. Sudnikovа, N. M. Kovalenkо, I. V. Gusev","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-196-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-196-206","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Leaf and stem diseases of cereal crops are among the most harmful in the agrocenoses of Tambov Province, significantly reducing grain yield and rapidly progressing in many regions of Russia. The aim of the study was to identify spring bread wheat lines and cultivars developed at the Middle-Russian Branch of the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center that show resistance to leaf and stem diseases.Materials and methods. The target material was represented by 3 cultivars and 23 breeding lines of spring bread wheat. Disease resistance in seedlings was assessed in the laboratory, while for adult plants the process was carried out in the field in 2020–2022. The presence of the Tsn1 allele controlling susceptibility to the PtrToxA fungal toxin was detected using the Xfcp623 molecular marker.Results and conclusions. Accessions with high levels of resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici were identified: L-8252, L-82/60, L-8107, L-8078(23), L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-8/15, Stb-7/15, and Stb-92. Accessions Stb-97, Stb-89, Stb-89(a), Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 were resistant to Parastagonospora nodorum; L-8134, L-8114, L-82/60, L-8107, Stb-10/15, Stb-9/15, Stb-8/15, Stb-7/15, Stb-97, Stb-89, Stb-89(a), Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 to P. pseudonodorum; L-8252, L-8107, L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb10/15, Stb-9/15, Stb-97, Stb-92, Stb-92(a), Stb-89, Stb-89(a), and Stb-34 to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; and L-8114, L-82/60, L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-90, Stb-34, and Rl-6-22 to Bipolaris sorokiniana. The cultivars and breeding lines showed group resistance to two, three or four pathogens. It was Lines L-8252, L-8134, L-82/60, L-8107, L-8078 (23), L-43-9, L-43-1, L-4, Stb-89, Stb-90, Stb-34, and L-33809-7-3 were observed to carry the recessive allele of the tsn1 gene.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"498 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-207-213
N. V. Mironenko, A. S. Orina, N. M. Lashina, О. S. Afanasenko
Background The potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is the smallest of all known potato pathogens. PSTVd is a circular, single-stranded RNA molecule that does not code for proteins. Symptoms caused by PSTVd lead to a significant reduction in tuber yield or death of the plant. PSTVd infection triggers the silencing of host-plant genes and induces disease symptoms in the plant via vd-sRNA. The StTCP23 potato gene which encodes a transcription factor is one of the targets of PSTVd. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of inoculation of potato plants of cv. ‘Colomba’ with the PSTVd viroid NicTr-3 strain on the StTCP23 expression in infected plants. Materials and methods. Potato plants of cv. ‘Colomba’ were inoculated with leaf sap of the tomato cv. ‘Rutgers’ in which the PSTVd viroid NicTr-3 strain was propagated. RT-PCR with specific primers was used to confirm the infection of potato plants with the viroid. Diversity of RNA molecules in the PSTVd population was revealed using RT, cloning, and sequencing of the viroid. The expression of the StTCP23 gene in infected potato plants was assessed by quantitative PCR with the ef1 α gene as a reference. Results. Symptoms of infecting ‘Colomba’ plants with the PSTVd viroid strain NicTr-3 were not detected, while the presence of the viroid in potato leaves was confirmed by molecular methods. Ten mutations were found in individual variants of the PSTVd strain NicTr-3, responsible for reducing the viroid’s aggressiveness. An increase in the expression of StTCP23 was shown at 3 time points in ‘Colomba’ plants inoculated with the NicTr-3 strain compared to the control. Conclusion. The mechanism of interaction between PSTVd and the StTCP23 gene in an infected potato plant is not universal and depends both on the potato genotype and viroid strain. Additional studies are required to prove the existence of specific interaction mechanisms between the host-plant and viroid strain genotypes.
{"title":"Expression of the transcription factor encoding gene StTCP23 in potato plants infected with the tuber spindle viroid","authors":"N. V. Mironenko, A. S. Orina, N. M. Lashina, О. S. Afanasenko","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-207-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-207-213","url":null,"abstract":"Background The potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is the smallest of all known potato pathogens. PSTVd is a circular, single-stranded RNA molecule that does not code for proteins. Symptoms caused by PSTVd lead to a significant reduction in tuber yield or death of the plant. PSTVd infection triggers the silencing of host-plant genes and induces disease symptoms in the plant via vd-sRNA. The StTCP23 potato gene which encodes a transcription factor is one of the targets of PSTVd. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of inoculation of potato plants of cv. ‘Colomba’ with the PSTVd viroid NicTr-3 strain on the StTCP23 expression in infected plants. Materials and methods. Potato plants of cv. ‘Colomba’ were inoculated with leaf sap of the tomato cv. ‘Rutgers’ in which the PSTVd viroid NicTr-3 strain was propagated. RT-PCR with specific primers was used to confirm the infection of potato plants with the viroid. Diversity of RNA molecules in the PSTVd population was revealed using RT, cloning, and sequencing of the viroid. The expression of the StTCP23 gene in infected potato plants was assessed by quantitative PCR with the ef1 α gene as a reference. Results. Symptoms of infecting ‘Colomba’ plants with the PSTVd viroid strain NicTr-3 were not detected, while the presence of the viroid in potato leaves was confirmed by molecular methods. Ten mutations were found in individual variants of the PSTVd strain NicTr-3, responsible for reducing the viroid’s aggressiveness. An increase in the expression of StTCP23 was shown at 3 time points in ‘Colomba’ plants inoculated with the NicTr-3 strain compared to the control. Conclusion. The mechanism of interaction between PSTVd and the StTCP23 gene in an infected potato plant is not universal and depends both on the potato genotype and viroid strain. Additional studies are required to prove the existence of specific interaction mechanisms between the host-plant and viroid strain genotypes.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"42 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-221-232
M. V. Chebatareva
Background . The qualitative composition of wheat grain varies depending on the cultivar, soil and climate conditions, and agricultural practices. The allelic composition of glutenins in bread wheat cultivars is an important parameter for the analysis and management of their genetic structure. In this respect, there is an interest in studying the genetic diversity of alleles of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in bread wheat cultivars from Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Materials and methods. The total diversity of alleles in Glu-1 glutenin loci was evaluated according to the calculation of the Nei index (H). Using this indicator and the cluster analysis, wheat cultivars of various ecogeographic origin were distributed into relatively homogeneous groups. Results. Wheat cultivars from Poland, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, China, and Algeria (Group I) had the average Nei index of 0.59, and those from the U.S., Mexico, Argentina, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, Afghanistan, and North Korea (Group II) had 0.42. These groups of wheat cultivars differed in the frequency of occurrence of glutenin subunits at each Glu-1 locus: N, 7+9, 2+12 in Group I, and 2*, 7+9, 5+10 in Group II. Conclusion. Wheat cultivars from Group II had on average a low level of variability of allelic genes in the respective loci, manifesting high grain quality of these cultivars and the highest probability of their genetic depletion compared to the cultivars from Group I, where most of the cultivars are described by a combination of low-quality glutenin subunits.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the allelic composition of HMW-GS (a review)","authors":"M. V. Chebatareva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-221-232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-221-232","url":null,"abstract":"Background . The qualitative composition of wheat grain varies depending on the cultivar, soil and climate conditions, and agricultural practices. The allelic composition of glutenins in bread wheat cultivars is an important parameter for the analysis and management of their genetic structure. In this respect, there is an interest in studying the genetic diversity of alleles of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in bread wheat cultivars from Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Materials and methods. The total diversity of alleles in Glu-1 glutenin loci was evaluated according to the calculation of the Nei index (H). Using this indicator and the cluster analysis, wheat cultivars of various ecogeographic origin were distributed into relatively homogeneous groups. Results. Wheat cultivars from Poland, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, China, and Algeria (Group I) had the average Nei index of 0.59, and those from the U.S., Mexico, Argentina, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, Afghanistan, and North Korea (Group II) had 0.42. These groups of wheat cultivars differed in the frequency of occurrence of glutenin subunits at each Glu-1 locus: N, 7+9, 2+12 in Group I, and 2*, 7+9, 5+10 in Group II. Conclusion. Wheat cultivars from Group II had on average a low level of variability of allelic genes in the respective loci, manifesting high grain quality of these cultivars and the highest probability of their genetic depletion compared to the cultivars from Group I, where most of the cultivars are described by a combination of low-quality glutenin subunits.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"49 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-214-220
O. Yu. Emelyanova, M. P. Tsoy
Background. Cornus mas L. is grown in Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Natural thickets are widespread in the Caucasus. The aim of this work was to analyze ecological and biological features of C. mas and the results of its introduction in order to justify the potential of its valuable agronomic traits for breeding and landscaping in Orel Province. Methods and materials. Specimens of C. mas preserved in the arboretum of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding since 1968 were analyzed. The studies were conducted from 2012 through 2021. Winter hardiness, plant condition, degrees of flowering and fruiting were assessed using conventional techniques, while the degree of ornamentality was determined according to O. Yu. Emelyanova’s method. Results and conclusion. Under the conditions of the arboretum, C. mas is a multi-stemmed shrub, up to 5.3 m high, with an average crown projection diameter of up to 4.7 m, showing good vitality, active growth, and a high degree of resistance to damaging climatic factors of the winter season. No damage by diseases or pests was observed during the studies. The sum of effective temperatures for the beginning of C. mas flowering was 46.6 ± 2.0°C. Flowering started on April 15 (± 7 days). On average, flowering lasted 17 ± 5 days in the arboretum. Annually, the degree of flowering was high (4.8–5.0 points), and the vigor of fruiting was good (3.8–4.1 points). Peaks of C. mas ornamentality were observed in April, during the early abundant flowering of plants, and in August, during the ripening of fruits. The ornamental period of C. mas was on average 208 (± 12) days. The analysis of ecological and biological features of C. mas under the conditions of Orel Province showed the prospects of this species’ introduction. Formation and study of C. mas collection from neighboring regions will serve as a basis for successful breeding to obtain new cultivars with valuable traits for the conditions of Central Russia.
{"title":"Ecological and biological features and prospects of the introduction of Cornus mas in Central Russia","authors":"O. Yu. Emelyanova, M. P. Tsoy","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-214-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-214-220","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cornus mas L. is grown in Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Natural thickets are widespread in the Caucasus. The aim of this work was to analyze ecological and biological features of C. mas and the results of its introduction in order to justify the potential of its valuable agronomic traits for breeding and landscaping in Orel Province. Methods and materials. Specimens of C. mas preserved in the arboretum of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding since 1968 were analyzed. The studies were conducted from 2012 through 2021. Winter hardiness, plant condition, degrees of flowering and fruiting were assessed using conventional techniques, while the degree of ornamentality was determined according to O. Yu. Emelyanova’s method. Results and conclusion. Under the conditions of the arboretum, C. mas is a multi-stemmed shrub, up to 5.3 m high, with an average crown projection diameter of up to 4.7 m, showing good vitality, active growth, and a high degree of resistance to damaging climatic factors of the winter season. No damage by diseases or pests was observed during the studies. The sum of effective temperatures for the beginning of C. mas flowering was 46.6 ± 2.0°C. Flowering started on April 15 (± 7 days). On average, flowering lasted 17 ± 5 days in the arboretum. Annually, the degree of flowering was high (4.8–5.0 points), and the vigor of fruiting was good (3.8–4.1 points). Peaks of C. mas ornamentality were observed in April, during the early abundant flowering of plants, and in August, during the ripening of fruits. The ornamental period of C. mas was on average 208 (± 12) days. The analysis of ecological and biological features of C. mas under the conditions of Orel Province showed the prospects of this species’ introduction. Formation and study of C. mas collection from neighboring regions will serve as a basis for successful breeding to obtain new cultivars with valuable traits for the conditions of Central Russia.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"42 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-135-145
I. I. Suprun, E. A. Egorov, A. I. Nasonov, E. V. Lobodina, S. V. Tokmakov, I. V. Stepanov
Background. Cultivation of scab-resistant apple cultivars with better fruit storability increases the economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of horticulture. Hence, the development of such cultivars is an important task in modern apple-tree breeding. Materials and methods. A set of 646 hybrid plants obtained in six cross combinations (Renet Simirenko/Modi, Renet Simirenko/Smeralda, Renet Simirenko/Renoir, Renet Simirenko/Fujion, Renoir/Granny Smith, and Modi/Granny Smith) was studied. Their scab resistance was assessed under natural infection pressure for two years using a quantitative scale. The Rvi6 gene was identified using the PCR analysis with the primer pair VfC1+VfC. The Md-ACS1 gene alleles were detected with a known SCAR DNA marker. The chi-square test was applied for statistical confirmation of the data. Results. Based on the DNA marker analysis, 328 plants carrying the dominant allele of the Rvi6 gene were identified. The results of the phenotypic resistance assessment confirmed the correspondence of the resistant phenotype / dominant allele of the gene for most plants. Molecular genetics analysis of the Md-ACS1 gene disclosed its allelic combinations. A total of 190, 322, and 126 plants carrying allelic variants of Md-ACS1-2/2 , Md-ACS1-1/2 , and Md-ACS1-1/1 , respectively, were identified. Among the plants with the dominant allele of the scab resistance Rvi6 gene, 92 plant forms were identified with Md-ACS1 -2/2, and 143 heterozygous ones ( Md-ACS1-1/2 ), also valuable for breeders. Conclusion. A wide range of apple breeding forms carrying valuable alleles of the Rvi6 and Md-ACS1 genes were selected. Hybrid forms with target alleles of both genes responsible for important agronomic traits would contribute to the intensification of breeding efforts aimed at producing scab-resistant apple cultivars with increased fruit storability. They can also be used for breeding purposes as complex donors.
{"title":"Marker-assisted selection in the development of advanced apple-tree forms and donors combining scab resistance with increased fruit storability","authors":"I. I. Suprun, E. A. Egorov, A. I. Nasonov, E. V. Lobodina, S. V. Tokmakov, I. V. Stepanov","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-135-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-135-145","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cultivation of scab-resistant apple cultivars with better fruit storability increases the economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of horticulture. Hence, the development of such cultivars is an important task in modern apple-tree breeding. Materials and methods. A set of 646 hybrid plants obtained in six cross combinations (Renet Simirenko/Modi, Renet Simirenko/Smeralda, Renet Simirenko/Renoir, Renet Simirenko/Fujion, Renoir/Granny Smith, and Modi/Granny Smith) was studied. Their scab resistance was assessed under natural infection pressure for two years using a quantitative scale. The Rvi6 gene was identified using the PCR analysis with the primer pair VfC1+VfC. The Md-ACS1 gene alleles were detected with a known SCAR DNA marker. The chi-square test was applied for statistical confirmation of the data. Results. Based on the DNA marker analysis, 328 plants carrying the dominant allele of the Rvi6 gene were identified. The results of the phenotypic resistance assessment confirmed the correspondence of the resistant phenotype / dominant allele of the gene for most plants. Molecular genetics analysis of the Md-ACS1 gene disclosed its allelic combinations. A total of 190, 322, and 126 plants carrying allelic variants of Md-ACS1-2/2 , Md-ACS1-1/2 , and Md-ACS1-1/1 , respectively, were identified. Among the plants with the dominant allele of the scab resistance Rvi6 gene, 92 plant forms were identified with Md-ACS1 -2/2, and 143 heterozygous ones ( Md-ACS1-1/2 ), also valuable for breeders. Conclusion. A wide range of apple breeding forms carrying valuable alleles of the Rvi6 and Md-ACS1 genes were selected. Hybrid forms with target alleles of both genes responsible for important agronomic traits would contribute to the intensification of breeding efforts aimed at producing scab-resistant apple cultivars with increased fruit storability. They can also be used for breeding purposes as complex donors.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"43 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-240-245
Article Editorial
The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) releases almost all types of publications traditional for research institutions. Since the 1920s, VIR has been regularly publishing methodological recommendations, or guidelines. This kind of publications has won its own specialized audience and retained it for over a hundred years. All recommendations (guidelines) are an assemblage of documents dedicated to the study, conservation, and replenishment of the unique global plant genetic resources collection held by VIR; plant breeding; seed production; cultivation; resistance of individual crops to diseases and pests; herbarization; long-term seed storage; biochemical, mycological, phytopathological, genetic, and biotechnological research methods; and many other issues. Such publications are widely used by the staff of VIR and the network of its branches in their practical work, and are also in demand with various scientists, experts, lecturers and teachers, postgraduate and undergraduate students all over Russia. Keeping in mind the ever increasing interest in such information, the Editorial Board of the journal Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding decided to publish a selective list of VIR’s methodological recommendations (guidelines) for 2000–2022. For the sake of convenience, the material is arranged in chronological order. This list partially includes recommendations and guidelines published by other research institutions where VIR’s staff members were among the authors. It is our hope that the list will be found useful by our readers and authors of scientific publications. The list was compiled by the staff of the Library and Publishing Department of VIR.
瓦维洛夫全俄植物遗传资源研究所(VIR)出版几乎所有类型的传统研究机构出版物。自20世纪20年代以来，VIR一直定期发布方法建议或指南。这类出版物有自己的专门受众，并保存了一百多年。所有建议(指南)都是致力于研究、保护和补充VIR所拥有的独特全球植物遗传资源的文件汇编;植物育种;种子生产;培养;单个作物对病虫害的抗性;herbarization;种子长期贮藏;生物化学、真菌学、植物病理学、遗传学和生物技术研究方法;还有很多其他的问题。这些出版物被VIR及其分支机构网络的工作人员在实际工作中广泛使用，也为俄罗斯各地的科学家、专家、讲师和教师、研究生和本科生所需要。考虑到对这类信息日益增长的兴趣，《应用植物学、遗传学和育种学报》(Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding)的编辑委员会决定发表一份2000-2022年VIR方法建议(指南)的选择性清单。为了方便起见，这些材料是按时间顺序排列的。该清单部分包括由VIR工作人员参与编写的其他研究机构发表的建议和指南。我们希望这份清单对我们的读者和科学出版物的作者有用。该榜单由VIR图书馆出版部工作人员编制。
{"title":"Selective list of VIR’s methodological recommendations (guidelines) for 2000–2022","authors":"Article Editorial","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-240-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-240-245","url":null,"abstract":"The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) releases almost all types of publications traditional for research institutions. Since the 1920s, VIR has been regularly publishing methodological recommendations, or guidelines. This kind of publications has won its own specialized audience and retained it for over a hundred years. All recommendations (guidelines) are an assemblage of documents dedicated to the study, conservation, and replenishment of the unique global plant genetic resources collection held by VIR; plant breeding; seed production; cultivation; resistance of individual crops to diseases and pests; herbarization; long-term seed storage; biochemical, mycological, phytopathological, genetic, and biotechnological research methods; and many other issues. Such publications are widely used by the staff of VIR and the network of its branches in their practical work, and are also in demand with various scientists, experts, lecturers and teachers, postgraduate and undergraduate students all over Russia. Keeping in mind the ever increasing interest in such information, the Editorial Board of the journal Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding decided to publish a selective list of VIR’s methodological recommendations (guidelines) for 2000–2022. For the sake of convenience, the material is arranged in chronological order. This list partially includes recommendations and guidelines published by other research institutions where VIR’s staff members were among the authors. It is our hope that the list will be found useful by our readers and authors of scientific publications. The list was compiled by the staff of the Library and Publishing Department of VIR.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"50 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-161-168
N. N. Luneva, T. Yu. Zakota
A comparative analysis of the species composition of the segetal flora of the surveyed steppe zone and the segetal flora of the entire Krasnodar Territory based on the materials of numerous scientific publications is presented. The main part of the floristic spectra of both segetal florae coincides in the composition of the 10 leading families, which attests to their unity. The leading families in the compared lists are Asteraceae Dumort., Poaceae Barnhart, Fabaceae Lindl., and Brassicaceae Burnett. Floristic homogeneity of the weed species compositions between the segetal floras in the areas under different types of field crops is considered. Besides, species with a high degree of permanency in the agrocenoses of each field crop have been identified. These species are objects of phytosanitary risk for a number of field crops or some of them in the steppe zone of Krasnodar Territory. The most common weeds in the fields of all surveyed crops are field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis L.), common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), bristly thistle ( Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess.), and cockspur grass ( Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.). Information about the predicted widespread species in the fields under a certain crop will make it possible to plan the volume of production or purchase of protective means focusing on groups of dominant species, and anticipate possible changes in the reformatting of the acreage structure, violations of the reclamation system and crop rotation schemes, etc.
{"title":"The structure of the segetal flora of field crops in the steppe zone of Krasnodar Territory","authors":"N. N. Luneva, T. Yu. Zakota","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-161-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-161-168","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative analysis of the species composition of the segetal flora of the surveyed steppe zone and the segetal flora of the entire Krasnodar Territory based on the materials of numerous scientific publications is presented. The main part of the floristic spectra of both segetal florae coincides in the composition of the 10 leading families, which attests to their unity. The leading families in the compared lists are Asteraceae Dumort., Poaceae Barnhart, Fabaceae Lindl., and Brassicaceae Burnett. Floristic homogeneity of the weed species compositions between the segetal floras in the areas under different types of field crops is considered. Besides, species with a high degree of permanency in the agrocenoses of each field crop have been identified. These species are objects of phytosanitary risk for a number of field crops or some of them in the steppe zone of Krasnodar Territory. The most common weeds in the fields of all surveyed crops are field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis L.), common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), bristly thistle ( Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess.), and cockspur grass ( Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.). Information about the predicted widespread species in the fields under a certain crop will make it possible to plan the volume of production or purchase of protective means focusing on groups of dominant species, and anticipate possible changes in the reformatting of the acreage structure, violations of the reclamation system and crop rotation schemes, etc.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"42 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-146-160
Yu. M. Mavlyutov, E. A. Vertikova, A. O. Shamustakimova, I. A. Klimenko
Background . Current molecular and genetic approaches make it possible to accelerate ryegrass breeding, simplify source material evaluation, and increase its accuracy. The efficiency of PCR-based SSR and SCoT marker techniques was studied in the context of evaluating the genetic structure of annual and perennial ryegrass accessions and defining DNA-identifying markers. Materials and methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from the aggregate sample of 30 seedlings from each of the 15 analyzed cultivars according to the modified SDS DNA extraction protocol. In total, 20 SSR and 22 SCoT markers were used to assess genetic polymorphism. Basic parameters of the markers’ informative efficiency were identified. Genetic relationships among the studied cultivars were analyzed on the basis of the Neighbor-Joining dendrogram and Bayesian model. Results. To assess the genetic polymorphism of ryegrass species and varieties, 7 SSR loci were selected, for which 110 allelic variants were identified (34 alleles were unique for individual cultivars), and 9 SCoT loci, for which 78 polymorphic amplification fragments were identified, with 28 being cultivar-specific. The dendrogram of genetic similarity and modeling in the Structure v2.3.4 program according to the results of SSR and SCoT analyses distributed the cultivars by their traits according to their species, ploidy level, origin, and similarity. Based on PCoA, carried out using summarized data of SSR and SCoT analyses, a multidimensional diagram of genetic relationships among ryegrass cultivars was constructed. Conclusions. The systems of SSR and SCoT markers appeared to be an efficient tool to reveal genetic polymorphism and identify differences among ryegrass species and cultivars. We found unique DNA profiles that can be used for genetic identification. The results of the study have practical significance in cultivar-specific identification and selection of cultivars for various purposes.
{"title":"Genetic structure of the collection of ryegrass (Lolium) cultivars: a study based on SSR and SCoT markers","authors":"Yu. M. Mavlyutov, E. A. Vertikova, A. O. Shamustakimova, I. A. Klimenko","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-146-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-146-160","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Current molecular and genetic approaches make it possible to accelerate ryegrass breeding, simplify source material evaluation, and increase its accuracy. The efficiency of PCR-based SSR and SCoT marker techniques was studied in the context of evaluating the genetic structure of annual and perennial ryegrass accessions and defining DNA-identifying markers. Materials and methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from the aggregate sample of 30 seedlings from each of the 15 analyzed cultivars according to the modified SDS DNA extraction protocol. In total, 20 SSR and 22 SCoT markers were used to assess genetic polymorphism. Basic parameters of the markers’ informative efficiency were identified. Genetic relationships among the studied cultivars were analyzed on the basis of the Neighbor-Joining dendrogram and Bayesian model. Results. To assess the genetic polymorphism of ryegrass species and varieties, 7 SSR loci were selected, for which 110 allelic variants were identified (34 alleles were unique for individual cultivars), and 9 SCoT loci, for which 78 polymorphic amplification fragments were identified, with 28 being cultivar-specific. The dendrogram of genetic similarity and modeling in the Structure v2.3.4 program according to the results of SSR and SCoT analyses distributed the cultivars by their traits according to their species, ploidy level, origin, and similarity. Based on PCoA, carried out using summarized data of SSR and SCoT analyses, a multidimensional diagram of genetic relationships among ryegrass cultivars was constructed. Conclusions. The systems of SSR and SCoT markers appeared to be an efficient tool to reveal genetic polymorphism and identify differences among ryegrass species and cultivars. We found unique DNA profiles that can be used for genetic identification. The results of the study have practical significance in cultivar-specific identification and selection of cultivars for various purposes.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"49 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-187-195
A. E. Druzhin, S. N. Sibikeev, E. I. Gultyaeva, L. B. Andreeva
Background. Enhancement of the Triticum aestivum L. genetic diversity by means of alien chromatin, including that from Triticum durum Desf., is an important element in the breeding of bread wheat cultivars that meet modern requirements. Materials and methods . The study included the L153, L154 and L155 introgressive spring bread wheat lines produced from crosses between the spring bread wheat cultivars ‘L503’ and ‘L505’ and spring durum wheat cultivars ‘Yazi10’ and ‘Tarro’ developed in Mexico. Evaluation of these introgressive lines included phytopathological, phenological, genetic, and breadmaking analyses carried out with conventional methods both under open-air and laboratory conditions. Seventeen DNA markers were used to identify genes for resistance to Puccinia triticina Erikss . f. sp. tritici in the lines. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the Agros-2.10 package of breeding and genetic programs. Results. Studying introgressive spring bread wheat lines L153, L154 and L155, developed with the participation of durum wheat cvs. ‘Yazi10’ and ‘Tarro’, showed that leaf rust resistance of these lines was induced by the Lr genes from durum wheat cultivars. The effect of the gene donor and the recipient cultivars on a number of useful agronomic traits was identified. The recipient cv. ‘L505’ was noted for its good combining abilities. Conclusion. Introgression of chromatin from durum wheat cultivars into the spring bread wheat gene pool made it possible to produce lines resistant to the local P. triticina population, as well as to some test clones of this pathogen. Such lines can be used as donors of the Lr genes. In addition, the L154 introgressive line combined good grain productivity and baking quality.
{"title":"Triticum durum Desf. is a valuable source for spring bread wheat genetic diversity enhancement","authors":"A. E. Druzhin, S. N. Sibikeev, E. I. Gultyaeva, L. B. Andreeva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-187-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-187-195","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Enhancement of the Triticum aestivum L. genetic diversity by means of alien chromatin, including that from Triticum durum Desf., is an important element in the breeding of bread wheat cultivars that meet modern requirements. Materials and methods . The study included the L153, L154 and L155 introgressive spring bread wheat lines produced from crosses between the spring bread wheat cultivars ‘L503’ and ‘L505’ and spring durum wheat cultivars ‘Yazi10’ and ‘Tarro’ developed in Mexico. Evaluation of these introgressive lines included phytopathological, phenological, genetic, and breadmaking analyses carried out with conventional methods both under open-air and laboratory conditions. Seventeen DNA markers were used to identify genes for resistance to Puccinia triticina Erikss . f. sp. tritici in the lines. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the Agros-2.10 package of breeding and genetic programs. Results. Studying introgressive spring bread wheat lines L153, L154 and L155, developed with the participation of durum wheat cvs. ‘Yazi10’ and ‘Tarro’, showed that leaf rust resistance of these lines was induced by the Lr genes from durum wheat cultivars. The effect of the gene donor and the recipient cultivars on a number of useful agronomic traits was identified. The recipient cv. ‘L505’ was noted for its good combining abilities. Conclusion. Introgression of chromatin from durum wheat cultivars into the spring bread wheat gene pool made it possible to produce lines resistant to the local P. triticina population, as well as to some test clones of this pathogen. Such lines can be used as donors of the Lr genes. In addition, the L154 introgressive line combined good grain productivity and baking quality.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"43 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135414265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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