Pub Date : 2023-10-22DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-41-50
L. V. Volkova, O. S. Amunova
Background. In combination breeding, information about the degree of superiority of hybrids in productivity and drought resistance over their parents in early generations, as well as the possibility of preserving their advantages in subsequent generations, are of great practical interest. Materials and methods. In 2018–2021, 16 hybrid populations of spring bread wheat of the 1st through 4th generations, obtained from intraspecific crosses among parent cultivars, were studied at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the NorthEast. The hybrids and their parents were tested in the field for productivity and in the laboratory for drought resistance. Inheritance types were determined by the degree of phenotypic dominance of plant characters. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using correlation and variance analyses. Results. Hybrids that demonstrated heterosis in the number of grains per ear had an advantage on this basis in subsequent generations. The inheritance type of the 1000 grain weight did not determine the level of this character in older generation hybrids. There was a change in the type of inheritance for the number of radicles during the transition from normal to stressful conditions. Hybrids that showed heterosis in seedling weight in the control and the experiment were distinguished by higher rates in subsequent generations. A significant negative correlation was found between grain yield and the number of radicles formed with a lack of moisture, and a positive correlation between grain yield and the weight of seedlings. Seven promising hybrid combinations fusing productivity with drought resistance were identified. Conclusion. The analysis of hybrids from early generations according to the degree of phenotypic dominance of the number of grains per ear and number of radicles in the experiment, and the weight of seedlings in the control and the experiment can be quite informative for use in breeding programs.
{"title":"Studying the effect of heterosis and predicting the prospects of hybrid spring wheat populations in breeding for productivity and drought resistance","authors":"L. V. Volkova, O. S. Amunova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-41-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-41-50","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In combination breeding, information about the degree of superiority of hybrids in productivity and drought resistance over their parents in early generations, as well as the possibility of preserving their advantages in subsequent generations, are of great practical interest. Materials and methods. In 2018–2021, 16 hybrid populations of spring bread wheat of the 1st through 4th generations, obtained from intraspecific crosses among parent cultivars, were studied at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the NorthEast. The hybrids and their parents were tested in the field for productivity and in the laboratory for drought resistance. Inheritance types were determined by the degree of phenotypic dominance of plant characters. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using correlation and variance analyses. Results. Hybrids that demonstrated heterosis in the number of grains per ear had an advantage on this basis in subsequent generations. The inheritance type of the 1000 grain weight did not determine the level of this character in older generation hybrids. There was a change in the type of inheritance for the number of radicles during the transition from normal to stressful conditions. Hybrids that showed heterosis in seedling weight in the control and the experiment were distinguished by higher rates in subsequent generations. A significant negative correlation was found between grain yield and the number of radicles formed with a lack of moisture, and a positive correlation between grain yield and the weight of seedlings. Seven promising hybrid combinations fusing productivity with drought resistance were identified. Conclusion. The analysis of hybrids from early generations according to the degree of phenotypic dominance of the number of grains per ear and number of radicles in the experiment, and the weight of seedlings in the control and the experiment can be quite informative for use in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"8 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-22DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-70-78
V. V. Novokhatin, E. V. Zuev, Т. V. Shelomentseva, Т. A. Leonova
Background . Among wheat breeding trends, the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region prioritizes selection of new source material and development of cultivars with improved agronomic traits and higher resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. The breeders also pay attention to environmental plasticity of the cultivars. Materials and methods. A field study of 362 spring bread wheat accessions from VIR was performed in the fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2011–2016 under contrasting climate conditions. Thirty genotypes were identified for a set of useful agronomic traits. The data were processed using mathematical statistics methods. Rank correlation coefficients, plasticity indices (bi), yield ranges (d, %), homeostaticity (H-st), homeostasis (Hom), and responsiveness coefficients (Kp) were calculated. Results. It was established that cultivars with potentially high yield, plasticity, and strong response to changing environmental conditions: ‘Altaiskaya 110’ (k-65128), ‘Bashkirskaya 28’ (k-64852), ‘AC Pollet’ (k-64975), ‘Chelyaba 75’ (k-64871), ‘Aletch’ (k65011), and ‘Struna Mironovskaya’ (k-65016), may be recommended for breeding intensive cultivars. Accessions with low levels of plasticity and less pronounced environmental variability indices, but tolerant to deteriorated environmental conditions: ‘Tarskaya 10’ (k-64996), ‘FPCh-Рpd-0s’ (k-65123), and ‘Novosibirskaya 44’ (k-64867), can be used to produce climateresistant cultivars. Conclusion. The Ymax, d, V and Kp indicators should be applied for preliminary assessment of cultivars for yield variability, as they are positively correlated to each other and provide quite significant information. Such complementary indicators as bi and S2di, H-st and Hom, positively associated with each other and having a multidirectional effect, are effective for comprehensive assessment of cultivars for environmental variability.
{"title":"Indicators of environmental variability in spring bread wheat cultivars under the conditions of Tyumen Province","authors":"V. V. Novokhatin, E. V. Zuev, Т. V. Shelomentseva, Т. A. Leonova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-70-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-70-78","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Among wheat breeding trends, the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region prioritizes selection of new source material and development of cultivars with improved agronomic traits and higher resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental stressors. The breeders also pay attention to environmental plasticity of the cultivars. Materials and methods. A field study of 362 spring bread wheat accessions from VIR was performed in the fields of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2011–2016 under contrasting climate conditions. Thirty genotypes were identified for a set of useful agronomic traits. The data were processed using mathematical statistics methods. Rank correlation coefficients, plasticity indices (bi), yield ranges (d, %), homeostaticity (H-st), homeostasis (Hom), and responsiveness coefficients (Kp) were calculated. Results. It was established that cultivars with potentially high yield, plasticity, and strong response to changing environmental conditions: ‘Altaiskaya 110’ (k-65128), ‘Bashkirskaya 28’ (k-64852), ‘AC Pollet’ (k-64975), ‘Chelyaba 75’ (k-64871), ‘Aletch’ (k65011), and ‘Struna Mironovskaya’ (k-65016), may be recommended for breeding intensive cultivars. Accessions with low levels of plasticity and less pronounced environmental variability indices, but tolerant to deteriorated environmental conditions: ‘Tarskaya 10’ (k-64996), ‘FPCh-Рpd-0s’ (k-65123), and ‘Novosibirskaya 44’ (k-64867), can be used to produce climateresistant cultivars. Conclusion. The Ymax, d, V and Kp indicators should be applied for preliminary assessment of cultivars for yield variability, as they are positively correlated to each other and provide quite significant information. Such complementary indicators as bi and S2di, H-st and Hom, positively associated with each other and having a multidirectional effect, are effective for comprehensive assessment of cultivars for environmental variability.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-22DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-105-115
L. Yu. Novikova, A. A. Berzegova, M. V. Gurkina, T. V. Buravtseva
Background. Studying the effect size of the environment versus breeding-oriented plant traits is relevant under climate change. Identification of stable accessions while evaluating the source material in contrasting environments can increase the efficiency of breeding practice. Materials and methods. Thirty common bean accessions from the VIR collection were sown for 3 years in the contrasting environments of Maikop and Astrakhan. Eight useful agronomic traits were studied according to VIR’s guidelines. Statistical processing was carried out using ANOVA, correlation and regression analyses. Environmental stability of productivity was assessed according S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell (1966). Results and discussion. The study of the variability of traits showed the stability of the sowing-to-ripening period duration (average coefficient of variation: 10.9%) and 1000 seed weight (17.3%). The effect of the genotype was the determining factor only for 1000 seed weight (67.6% of the variance). The growing season duration, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and productivity depended more on the environments. Productivity formation patterns were basically the same at both sites: productivity of an accession depended on the number of pods, and 1000 seed weight was negatively related to the number of seeds per pod. The growing season in Maikop depended on the flowering-to-ripening period (r = 0.73); in Astrakhan, on the sprouting-to-flowering period (r = 0.85). The duration of the sowing-to-sprouting and sprouting-to-flowering periods significantly correlated with mean temperatures (r = –0.87 and 0.87, respectively), while the flowering-to-ripening period did not depend on the mean temperature. Conclusion. Accessions relatively stable in their productivity and duration of the growing season were identified. They demonstrated both determinant and indeterminate growth, attesting to the prospects of breeding work with different common bean groups.
背景。研究气候变化条件下环境对植物育种性状的影响大小具有重要意义。鉴定稳定的品种，同时在对比环境中评估源材料，可以提高育种实践的效率。材料和方法。在迈科普和阿斯特拉罕不同的环境中，从VIR收集的30种普通豆被播种了3年。根据VIR的指导方针，研究了8个有用的农艺性状。统计学处理采用方差分析、相关分析和回归分析。根据S. A. Eberhart和W. A. Russell(1966)对生产率的环境稳定性进行了评估。结果和讨论。性状变异研究表明，播熟期(平均变异系数为10.9%)和千粒重(平均变异系数为17.3%)的稳定性较好。基因型的影响仅对1000粒重起决定作用(占方差的67.6%)。生长季节长短、单株荚果数、单株荚果数、单株荚果数和产量对环境的影响较大。两个地点的生产力形成模式基本相同，产量与荚果数呈正相关，1000粒重与荚果数呈负相关。迈科普的生长季节取决于开花到成熟的时间(r = 0.73);在阿斯特拉罕，在发芽至开花期(r = 0.85)。播种期至出芽期和出芽期至开花期与平均温度呈显著相关(r分别为-0.87和0.87)，而开花期至成熟期与平均温度无关。结论。产量和生长季节持续时间相对稳定。它们表现出决定性和不确定性的生长，证明了不同普通豆类群体的育种工作的前景。
{"title":"Productivity and growing-season stability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under contrasting ecogeographic conditions","authors":"L. Yu. Novikova, A. A. Berzegova, M. V. Gurkina, T. V. Buravtseva","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-105-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-105-115","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Studying the effect size of the environment versus breeding-oriented plant traits is relevant under climate change. Identification of stable accessions while evaluating the source material in contrasting environments can increase the efficiency of breeding practice. Materials and methods. Thirty common bean accessions from the VIR collection were sown for 3 years in the contrasting environments of Maikop and Astrakhan. Eight useful agronomic traits were studied according to VIR’s guidelines. Statistical processing was carried out using ANOVA, correlation and regression analyses. Environmental stability of productivity was assessed according S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell (1966). Results and discussion. The study of the variability of traits showed the stability of the sowing-to-ripening period duration (average coefficient of variation: 10.9%) and 1000 seed weight (17.3%). The effect of the genotype was the determining factor only for 1000 seed weight (67.6% of the variance). The growing season duration, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and productivity depended more on the environments. Productivity formation patterns were basically the same at both sites: productivity of an accession depended on the number of pods, and 1000 seed weight was negatively related to the number of seeds per pod. The growing season in Maikop depended on the flowering-to-ripening period (r = 0.73); in Astrakhan, on the sprouting-to-flowering period (r = 0.85). The duration of the sowing-to-sprouting and sprouting-to-flowering periods significantly correlated with mean temperatures (r = –0.87 and 0.87, respectively), while the flowering-to-ripening period did not depend on the mean temperature. Conclusion. Accessions relatively stable in their productivity and duration of the growing season were identified. They demonstrated both determinant and indeterminate growth, attesting to the prospects of breeding work with different common bean groups.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"38 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-22DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-21-31
S. Bennani, M. Taghouti, F. Gaboun
Background. Knowledge about the genetic gain for fundamental traits over time is essential for a critical assessment and improvement of breeding programs, especially regarding staple crops like bread wheat. Materials and methods. To estimate the genetic gain in bread wheat breeding in Morocco, grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) data were collected from 12 multi-environment field trials for 20 bread wheat cultivars released between 1980 and 2022. Results and discussion. Analysis of variance highlighted a high significant variability between environments (E), cultivars (G), and a significant G × E interaction ( P < 0.001). Based on stability analysis, the modern cultivars released during the two last decades (2002–2012 and 2013–2022) showed the highest performances and wider stability than old ones, especially in low-yielding environments. Genetic gain (GG) for GY was 21.4 kg ha −1 yr −1 (0.75% yr –1 ) over 4 decades of breeding. This progress was declining when advancing in decades and ranged from 11% (from 1980–1990 to 1991–2001) to less than 7% (from 2002–2012 to 2013–2022). The GG in low and intermediate yielding environments were the most important (17.34% and 6.88% yr –1 respectively), while GG was nonsignificant in high-yielding environments (4.62% yr –1 ). Within the same period, GPC showed a nonsignificant negative trend of –0.007% (–0.002% yr –1 ), while derivative parameters from GY and GPC indicated high positive genetic progress. More efforts should be deployed to implement a good balance between yield performance and quality in the new released cultivars despite the negative correlation between these two traits (r = –0.36; P < 0.001). Conclusion. Adopting advanced technologies, like genomic selection, adequate agronomic practices, and more efficient selection criteria are essential steps to further increase simultaneously grain yield and quality traits.
背景。随着时间的推移，了解基本性状的遗传增益对于育种计划的关键评估和改进至关重要，特别是对于面包小麦等主要作物。材料和方法。为了估计摩洛哥面包小麦育种的遗传增益，收集了1980年至2022年间发布的20个面包小麦品种的12个多环境大田试验的籽粒产量(GY)和籽粒蛋白质含量(GPC)数据。结果和讨论。方差分析强调了环境(E)、品种(G)之间的高度显著变异性，以及显著的G × E相互作用(P <0.001)。稳定性分析表明，近20年(2002-2012年和2013-2022年)发布的现代品种表现出比老品种表现出最高的性能和更广泛的稳定性，特别是在低产环境中。经过40年的育种，GY的遗传增益(GG)为21.4 kg ha -1 yr -1 (0.75% yr -1)。这一进展在过去几十年里呈下降趋势，从11%(1980-1990年至1991-2001年)到不足7%(2002-2012年至2013-2022年)不等。低产和中产环境下GG最重要(分别为17.34%和6.88%)，高产环境下GG不显著(4.62%)。同期GPC呈-0.007% (-0.002% yr -1)的不显著负向趋势，而GY和GPC的衍生参数显示较高的正遗传进展。尽管新发布品种的产量性能和品质之间存在负相关关系(r = -0.36;P & lt;0.001)。结论。采用先进的技术，如基因组选择、适当的农艺实践和更有效的选择标准，是进一步提高粮食产量和品质性状的必要步骤。
{"title":"Genetic gain of grain yield and quality in bread wheat cultivars representing 40 years of breeding in Morocco","authors":"S. Bennani, M. Taghouti, F. Gaboun","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-21-31","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Knowledge about the genetic gain for fundamental traits over time is essential for a critical assessment and improvement of breeding programs, especially regarding staple crops like bread wheat. Materials and methods. To estimate the genetic gain in bread wheat breeding in Morocco, grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC) data were collected from 12 multi-environment field trials for 20 bread wheat cultivars released between 1980 and 2022. Results and discussion. Analysis of variance highlighted a high significant variability between environments (E), cultivars (G), and a significant G × E interaction ( P < 0.001). Based on stability analysis, the modern cultivars released during the two last decades (2002–2012 and 2013–2022) showed the highest performances and wider stability than old ones, especially in low-yielding environments. Genetic gain (GG) for GY was 21.4 kg ha −1 yr −1 (0.75% yr –1 ) over 4 decades of breeding. This progress was declining when advancing in decades and ranged from 11% (from 1980–1990 to 1991–2001) to less than 7% (from 2002–2012 to 2013–2022). The GG in low and intermediate yielding environments were the most important (17.34% and 6.88% yr –1 respectively), while GG was nonsignificant in high-yielding environments (4.62% yr –1 ). Within the same period, GPC showed a nonsignificant negative trend of –0.007% (–0.002% yr –1 ), while derivative parameters from GY and GPC indicated high positive genetic progress. More efforts should be deployed to implement a good balance between yield performance and quality in the new released cultivars despite the negative correlation between these two traits (r = –0.36; P < 0.001). Conclusion. Adopting advanced technologies, like genomic selection, adequate agronomic practices, and more efficient selection criteria are essential steps to further increase simultaneously grain yield and quality traits.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"8 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-22DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124
M. Contreras-Rojas, D. G.G. Guzmán, S. A. Salazar Mercado
Background. This work aimed at using Hayman’s methodology to study the inheritance of some quantitative traits, such as the number of pods per plant, pod length, mean pod weight, and yield per plant in 15 diallel hybrids of six green bean cultivars. Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the Experimental Center of Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Palmira (CEUNP). A randomized complete block experimental design with four replications was used. Results. For most of the traits, except yield per plant, the additive-dominant model was adequate. Non-additive effects with overdominance controlled the number of pods per plant, pod length, and mean pod weight. Most of the characters presented an unequal proportion of positive and negative genes in the loci (H 1 < H 2 ). The asymmetric distribution of genes in the parents (H 2 /4H 1 ) was below the maximum value (0.25), except for the character “number of pods per plant”. The KD/KR ratio confirmed for most of the traits that there was an excess of recessive alleles over dominant alleles. Dominance effects (h2) for most char- acters suggested that the substantial contribution of dominance was not due to heterogeneity of loci in these characters. The narrow-sense heritability was moderate to low. The correlation coefficient r (Yr; Wr + Vr) indicated that dominant genes were responsible for the increased number of pods per plant and recessive genes for increased pod length and mean pod weight. Conclusions. Conventional breeding methods like pedigree selection could be employed to improve the characters “pod length” and “mean pod weight”, and for the number of pods per plant, management of segregating populations should employ the single-seeded descent method.
{"title":"Genetic control of yield components in green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","authors":"M. Contreras-Rojas, D. G.G. Guzmán, S. A. Salazar Mercado","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-116-124","url":null,"abstract":"Background. This work aimed at using Hayman’s methodology to study the inheritance of some quantitative traits, such as the number of pods per plant, pod length, mean pod weight, and yield per plant in 15 diallel hybrids of six green bean cultivars. Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the Experimental Center of Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Palmira (CEUNP). A randomized complete block experimental design with four replications was used. Results. For most of the traits, except yield per plant, the additive-dominant model was adequate. Non-additive effects with overdominance controlled the number of pods per plant, pod length, and mean pod weight. Most of the characters presented an unequal proportion of positive and negative genes in the loci (H 1 < H 2 ). The asymmetric distribution of genes in the parents (H 2 /4H 1 ) was below the maximum value (0.25), except for the character “number of pods per plant”. The KD/KR ratio confirmed for most of the traits that there was an excess of recessive alleles over dominant alleles. Dominance effects (h2) for most char- acters suggested that the substantial contribution of dominance was not due to heterogeneity of loci in these characters. The narrow-sense heritability was moderate to low. The correlation coefficient r (Yr; Wr + Vr) indicated that dominant genes were responsible for the increased number of pods per plant and recessive genes for increased pod length and mean pod weight. Conclusions. Conventional breeding methods like pedigree selection could be employed to improve the characters “pod length” and “mean pod weight”, and for the number of pods per plant, management of segregating populations should employ the single-seeded descent method.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-251-256
E. Zuev, O. A. Lyapunova, E. Khlestkina
On June 3, 2023, we celebrated the 75th birthday of Olga Pavlovna Mitrofanova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher of the VIR Department of Wheat Genetic Resources.
{"title":"Olga P. Mitrofanova (celebrating the 75th birthday)","authors":"E. Zuev, O. A. Lyapunova, E. Khlestkina","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-251-256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-251-256","url":null,"abstract":" On June 3, 2023, we celebrated the 75th birthday of Olga Pavlovna Mitrofanova, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher of the VIR Department of Wheat Genetic Resources.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79284202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-245-250
N. Tikhonova, Y. Ukhatova, A. Zavarzin, D. Vladimirov, A. Iurmanov
{"title":"Fruits of the future: the results of the project ‘Fruits in line with science’","authors":"N. Tikhonova, Y. Ukhatova, A. Zavarzin, D. Vladimirov, A. Iurmanov","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-245-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-245-250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85801688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-204-212
N. Luneva, E. N. Mysnik
A map showing the zone of the main distribution of wild carrots Daucus carota L. in the Russian Federation was compiled on the basis of the materials available in open-access scientific publications. According to the data on the frequency of the species’ occurrence in a separate area, found in published sources, the zone of the main distribution was divided into the optimum zone, where the species occurred with the “frequently” indicators, and the pessimum zone, where it occurred with the “rarely” indicators. The locations of single finds of the species listed in areas outside the main distribution zone were marked using information from the GBIF international database. Since wild carrots are both wild relatives of cultivated carrots and weedy plants, the presented map will be in demand among both plant breeders and plant protection experts.
{"title":"Distribution of wild carrots Daucus carota L. over the territory of the Russian Federation","authors":"N. Luneva, E. N. Mysnik","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-204-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-204-212","url":null,"abstract":" A map showing the zone of the main distribution of wild carrots Daucus carota L. in the Russian Federation was compiled on the basis of the materials available in open-access scientific publications. According to the data on the frequency of the species’ occurrence in a separate area, found in published sources, the zone of the main distribution was divided into the optimum zone, where the species occurred with the “frequently” indicators, and the pessimum zone, where it occurred with the “rarely” indicators. The locations of single finds of the species listed in areas outside the main distribution zone were marked using information from the GBIF international database. Since wild carrots are both wild relatives of cultivated carrots and weedy plants, the presented map will be in demand among both plant breeders and plant protection experts.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81910178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-235-244
L. P. Sochalova, N. Boyko, A. A. Poteshkina, V. Piskarev
Background. Information on the races of Puccinia triticina Erikss. in Novosibirsk Province is needed to identify sources of effective genes for leaf rust resistance. The goal hereof was monitoring genetic variability of the P. triticina population in the Ob riverside forest-steppe, Novosibirsk Province, and detecting effective resistance genes to develop wheat cultivars resistant to the disease. Materials and methods. In 2015–2019, affliction of Thatcher lines (Tc) and cultivars under the disease pressure was assessed, and P. triticina structure in the Ob forest-steppe of Novosibirsk Province was monitored. P. triticina genotypes were identified using the Long–Kolmer system. Additionally, a set of cultivars with the Lr19, Lr20, Lr28, Lr39; 6 – Lr6Agi2, Lr6Agi1, LrKu, andLrSp2 genes was employed. Results. A high frequency of virulence was detected for cultivars with the Lr3ka, Lr10, Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr11, Lr18, Lr20, Lr30, Lr16, Lr17, and LrB genes (66.7–100 %). The P. triticina structure consisted of 27 races, including 12 common ones: TGTT GB, TGTR GB, TQTT GB, TQTR GB, TGPT GB, THFR GB, KHTT GB, PHKT GB, PQTT GB, THTP BB, PGFR GB, and SGPR GB. Genotypes with the Lr6Agi2, Lr6Agi1, LrKu, Lr39, Lr42, Lr12, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr35, Lr45, Lr47, Lr50, Lr52, LrSp2, Lr6Agi1+Lr19, Lr6Agi2+Lr10+Lr34, Lr11+Lr13+Lr22a, Lr13+LrTb, Lr24+Lr26, Lr37+Lr13, Lr37+Lr1, Lr34+Lr13, Lr43+Lr24, and Lr49+Lr34 genes were resistant to P. triticina under the infection pressure. Some wheat genotypes varied in leaf rust resistance across the years (0–5 % for TcLr29 and TcLr21, 0–10 % for CSP 44 and TcLr44, 0–20 % for TcLr13, 1–30 % for TcLr37, and 15–80 % for Pavon F 76). Conclusion. The local leaf rust population has changed slightly over the years of study (the Lr18 and Lr38 genes have lost resistance), and was very different from the population before 2010.
{"title":"Effective leaf rust resistance genes of wheat in Novosibirsk Province in connection with the variability of the Puccinia triticina population","authors":"L. P. Sochalova, N. Boyko, A. A. Poteshkina, V. Piskarev","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-235-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-235-244","url":null,"abstract":" Background. Information on the races of Puccinia triticina Erikss. in Novosibirsk Province is needed to identify sources of effective genes for leaf rust resistance. The goal hereof was monitoring genetic variability of the P. triticina population in the Ob riverside forest-steppe, Novosibirsk Province, and detecting effective resistance genes to develop wheat cultivars resistant to the disease. Materials and methods. In 2015–2019, affliction of Thatcher lines (Tc) and cultivars under the disease pressure was assessed, and P. triticina structure in the Ob forest-steppe of Novosibirsk Province was monitored. P. triticina genotypes were identified using the Long–Kolmer system. Additionally, a set of cultivars with the Lr19, Lr20, Lr28, Lr39; 6 – Lr6Agi2, Lr6Agi1, LrKu, andLrSp2 genes was employed. Results. A high frequency of virulence was detected for cultivars with the Lr3ka, Lr10, Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr11, Lr18, Lr20, Lr30, Lr16, Lr17, and LrB genes (66.7–100 %). The P. triticina structure consisted of 27 races, including 12 common ones: TGTT GB, TGTR GB, TQTT GB, TQTR GB, TGPT GB, THFR GB, KHTT GB, PHKT GB, PQTT GB, THTP BB, PGFR GB, and SGPR GB. Genotypes with the Lr6Agi2, Lr6Agi1, LrKu, Lr39, Lr42, Lr12, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr35, Lr45, Lr47, Lr50, Lr52, LrSp2, Lr6Agi1+Lr19, Lr6Agi2+Lr10+Lr34, Lr11+Lr13+Lr22a, Lr13+LrTb, Lr24+Lr26, Lr37+Lr13, Lr37+Lr1, Lr34+Lr13, Lr43+Lr24, and Lr49+Lr34 genes were resistant to P. triticina under the infection pressure. Some wheat genotypes varied in leaf rust resistance across the years (0–5 % for TcLr29 and TcLr21, 0–10 % for CSP 44 and TcLr44, 0–20 % for TcLr13, 1–30 % for TcLr37, and 15–80 % for Pavon F 76). Conclusion. The local leaf rust population has changed slightly over the years of study (the Lr18 and Lr38 genes have lost resistance), and was very different from the population before 2010.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84462993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-213-225
А. L. Ebel, T. V. Ebel, S. Mikhailova
Members of the Brassicaceae family are of great significance as weeds and invasive plants; they are one of the leading families of the alien fraction in the segetal floras of various regions of Russia. Among the cruciferous weeds growing over Russia, there are many species that are wild relatives to cultivated plants. Some cultivated species grow outside of their cultivation areas as ruderal and segetal plants. Among the cruciferous plants growing in Russia, 28 species out of 19 genera are regulated as harmful organisms in 33 different countries. Most of the species from this list are widespread weeds in Russia. To establish the presence of Brassicaceae species in Russian agrocenoses, we analyzed published sources, herbarium materials stored in the Russian leading herbaria, and materials collected by the authors during field explorations in 2017–2022 in 19 subject entities of the Russian Federation. Identification of cruciferous plants is often a rather difficult task, so the goal of this work was to develop a convenient identification key that would make in possible to identify weeds of this family found in Russian agrocenoses. Most of the available keys are designed for fruit-bearing specimens of cruciferous plants. For phytosanitary purposes, it is important to identify plants prior to their fruiting period. Therefore, we additionally used the characters of flowering plants (including their vegetative organs) enabling us to identify cruciferous plants at the flowering stage. Based on such features, a table was made, which included all weedy species of Brassicaceae found in agrocenoses within Russia (83 species in total). On the basis of this table, an identification key was produced for the identification of genera and some species of weedy cruciferous plants. Afterwards, fractional species-specific keys were made for the genera containing species controllable in importing countries.
{"title":"Identification of weeds from the cabbage family (Brassicaceae) found in the agrocenoses of the Russian Federation","authors":"А. L. Ebel, T. V. Ebel, S. Mikhailova","doi":"10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-213-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-213-225","url":null,"abstract":" Members of the Brassicaceae family are of great significance as weeds and invasive plants; they are one of the leading families of the alien fraction in the segetal floras of various regions of Russia. Among the cruciferous weeds growing over Russia, there are many species that are wild relatives to cultivated plants. Some cultivated species grow outside of their cultivation areas as ruderal and segetal plants. Among the cruciferous plants growing in Russia, 28 species out of 19 genera are regulated as harmful organisms in 33 different countries. Most of the species from this list are widespread weeds in Russia. To establish the presence of Brassicaceae species in Russian agrocenoses, we analyzed published sources, herbarium materials stored in the Russian leading herbaria, and materials collected by the authors during field explorations in 2017–2022 in 19 subject entities of the Russian Federation. Identification of cruciferous plants is often a rather difficult task, so the goal of this work was to develop a convenient identification key that would make in possible to identify weeds of this family found in Russian agrocenoses. Most of the available keys are designed for fruit-bearing specimens of cruciferous plants. For phytosanitary purposes, it is important to identify plants prior to their fruiting period. Therefore, we additionally used the characters of flowering plants (including their vegetative organs) enabling us to identify cruciferous plants at the flowering stage. Based on such features, a table was made, which included all weedy species of Brassicaceae found in agrocenoses within Russia (83 species in total). On the basis of this table, an identification key was produced for the identification of genera and some species of weedy cruciferous plants. Afterwards, fractional species-specific keys were made for the genera containing species controllable in importing countries.","PeriodicalId":36512,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79547401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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