Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-77-82
V. Y. Gatsura, S. S. Batskov, M. Sannikov, V. E. Kriyt, E. D. Pyatibrat
Relevance. Career firefighters are involved in extreme activities, and their functional reserves are probabilistically disturbed. Toxic products of combustion can significantly affect their health state.Intention – To analyze and evaluate effects of blood lipid dioxins on the microbiome of the parietal intestinal flora in firefighters of the Federal Fire Service of the Emercom of Russia.Methodology. Relationships between the microbiota composition and concentrations of blood lipid dioxins were analyzed in firefighters vs Emercom employees not involved in firefighting (control group).Results and Discussion. Microbiota concentrations in firefighters were associated with levels of blood lipid dioxins. In firefighters with dioxins > 350 pg/g lipids in the blood, normal microflora concentrations significantly decreased and conditionally pathogenic microflora concentrations significantly increased compared to firefighters with lower concentrations of dioxins and the control group.Conclusion. Disturbances in the microbiome of the parietal intestinal flora in the examined firefighters are related to exposure to toxic products of combustion, including dioxins, during firefighting. The microbiome disorders detected in firefighters can predict development of the digestive tract pathology, thus necessitating control and targeted correction of the somatic state and microecological status of this contingent.
{"title":"The state of the resident intestinal microbial association and its relationship with concentrations of dioxins in blood lipids of firefighters","authors":"V. Y. Gatsura, S. S. Batskov, M. Sannikov, V. E. Kriyt, E. D. Pyatibrat","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-77-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-77-82","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Career firefighters are involved in extreme activities, and their functional reserves are probabilistically disturbed. Toxic products of combustion can significantly affect their health state.Intention – To analyze and evaluate effects of blood lipid dioxins on the microbiome of the parietal intestinal flora in firefighters of the Federal Fire Service of the Emercom of Russia.Methodology. Relationships between the microbiota composition and concentrations of blood lipid dioxins were analyzed in firefighters vs Emercom employees not involved in firefighting (control group).Results and Discussion. Microbiota concentrations in firefighters were associated with levels of blood lipid dioxins. In firefighters with dioxins > 350 pg/g lipids in the blood, normal microflora concentrations significantly decreased and conditionally pathogenic microflora concentrations significantly increased compared to firefighters with lower concentrations of dioxins and the control group.Conclusion. Disturbances in the microbiome of the parietal intestinal flora in the examined firefighters are related to exposure to toxic products of combustion, including dioxins, during firefighting. The microbiome disorders detected in firefighters can predict development of the digestive tract pathology, thus necessitating control and targeted correction of the somatic state and microecological status of this contingent.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90202641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-59-67
S. Zhernov, E. Ichitovkina, A. Soloviev
Relevance. Due to the peculiarities of professional activity, the COVID-19 pandemic for police officers was associated not only with a high risk of infection, but also pronounced mental stress and emotional destabilization, with higher risk of developing severe psychological consequences. In police officers, incidence of a new coronavirus infection, according to departmental statistics, was 6.6 times higher than in general population and close to that of healthcare workers of the Ministry of Health of Russia. High risk of COVID-19 infection in police officers during performance of their duties contributes to the symptoms of psychoemotional maladjustment and a constant state of chronic tension and emotional stress. Identification of the causes of professional maladjustment is important for justification of preventive measures and search for markers of professional success in employees of internal affairs bodies.Intention. To identify the influence of personal and social characteristics on the formation of mental trauma in police officers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methodology. A complete empirical study of 371 male employees of the divisions of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Moscow was conducted. Three groups were identified: 1st – 127 police officers with positive test results and clinical manifestations of COVID-19; 2nd – 118 persons released from duty and quarantined due to their contacts with COVID-19 patients; 3rd – 126 police officers who were on duty to protect public order in crowded places during the COVID-19 pandemic. An experimental psychological survey of the police officers was conducted using electronic digital resources to comply with anti-epidemic measures.Results and Discussion. Symptoms of emotional burnout against the background of stressful service were shown to contribute to the formation of mental trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic in all surveyed police officers. Specifically, Group 1 typically demonstrates anxiety-phobic reactions; Group 2 – dysthymic-pessimistic outlook; and Group 3 – decreased neuropsychiatric stability, pronounced exhaustion and fatigue associated with official duties.Conclusion. The obtained data should be taken into account when conducting psychocorrection and medical and psychological rehabilitation of police officers in emergency situations associated with the long-term psychosocial and occupational stress.
{"title":"Influence of personal and social characteristics on the formation of mental trauma in police officers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"S. Zhernov, E. Ichitovkina, A. Soloviev","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-59-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-59-67","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Due to the peculiarities of professional activity, the COVID-19 pandemic for police officers was associated not only with a high risk of infection, but also pronounced mental stress and emotional destabilization, with higher risk of developing severe psychological consequences. In police officers, incidence of a new coronavirus infection, according to departmental statistics, was 6.6 times higher than in general population and close to that of healthcare workers of the Ministry of Health of Russia. High risk of COVID-19 infection in police officers during performance of their duties contributes to the symptoms of psychoemotional maladjustment and a constant state of chronic tension and emotional stress. Identification of the causes of professional maladjustment is important for justification of preventive measures and search for markers of professional success in employees of internal affairs bodies.Intention. To identify the influence of personal and social characteristics on the formation of mental trauma in police officers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methodology. A complete empirical study of 371 male employees of the divisions of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Moscow was conducted. Three groups were identified: 1st – 127 police officers with positive test results and clinical manifestations of COVID-19; 2nd – 118 persons released from duty and quarantined due to their contacts with COVID-19 patients; 3rd – 126 police officers who were on duty to protect public order in crowded places during the COVID-19 pandemic. An experimental psychological survey of the police officers was conducted using electronic digital resources to comply with anti-epidemic measures.Results and Discussion. Symptoms of emotional burnout against the background of stressful service were shown to contribute to the formation of mental trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic in all surveyed police officers. Specifically, Group 1 typically demonstrates anxiety-phobic reactions; Group 2 – dysthymic-pessimistic outlook; and Group 3 – decreased neuropsychiatric stability, pronounced exhaustion and fatigue associated with official duties.Conclusion. The obtained data should be taken into account when conducting psychocorrection and medical and psychological rehabilitation of police officers in emergency situations associated with the long-term psychosocial and occupational stress.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76602257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-26-34
D. O. Vagner, E. V. Zinoviev, V. V. Soloshenko, S. G. Shapovalov
Relevance. Indications, application techniques and contraindications for the use of vacuum therapy in surgery and orthopedics are formulated in clinical guidelines and are generally available. Indications for the use of a vacuum in patients with severe burns are scattered and depend on personal experience and preferences of the medical staff, and not on objective reasons.Intention. To analyze the results of using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in patients of burn departments.Methodology. The study included 56 patients treated with local negative pressure in the Department of thermal injuries of the Saint-Petersburg institute of emergency care named after I.I. Dzhanelidze in 2017–2020. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS 20.0 using descriptive and non-parametric statistics.Results and their Discussion. The frequency of using VAC-therapy in patients with burn injuries was 0.8 % (56 of 6764). The most common reasons for hospitalization of patients were contact injuries – 20 (36 %) and flame burns – 18 (32 %). The main indications for NPWT were stimulation of granulation formation – 21 (38 %), control of wound infection – 20 (36 %), and temporary wound closure after early excisions or atypical amputations – 11 (20 %). The main contraindications to the use of the method were cognitive disorders or impaired consciousness. The primary complication was the depressurization of the dressings, which we encountered in 9 cases (16 %). The expected results of vacuum therapy were achieved in 49 patients (88 %).Conclusion. Local negative pressure is relatively rarely used in burn treatment. A positive effect from the use of NPWT can be expected in the control of wound infections and in the preparation of wounds for skin grafting. The prospects for the introduction of the method can be considered its application in the treatment of partial-thickness burns and additional fixation of skin grafts. To objectify the choice of modes and duration of vacuum therapy in burned patients, it is necessary to conduct further multicenter studies with the preparation of clinical guidelines.
{"title":"Experience of using vacuum therapy in the burn department","authors":"D. O. Vagner, E. V. Zinoviev, V. V. Soloshenko, S. G. Shapovalov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-26-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-26-34","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Indications, application techniques and contraindications for the use of vacuum therapy in surgery and orthopedics are formulated in clinical guidelines and are generally available. Indications for the use of a vacuum in patients with severe burns are scattered and depend on personal experience and preferences of the medical staff, and not on objective reasons.Intention. To analyze the results of using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in patients of burn departments.Methodology. The study included 56 patients treated with local negative pressure in the Department of thermal injuries of the Saint-Petersburg institute of emergency care named after I.I. Dzhanelidze in 2017–2020. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS 20.0 using descriptive and non-parametric statistics.Results and their Discussion. The frequency of using VAC-therapy in patients with burn injuries was 0.8 % (56 of 6764). The most common reasons for hospitalization of patients were contact injuries – 20 (36 %) and flame burns – 18 (32 %). The main indications for NPWT were stimulation of granulation formation – 21 (38 %), control of wound infection – 20 (36 %), and temporary wound closure after early excisions or atypical amputations – 11 (20 %). The main contraindications to the use of the method were cognitive disorders or impaired consciousness. The primary complication was the depressurization of the dressings, which we encountered in 9 cases (16 %). The expected results of vacuum therapy were achieved in 49 patients (88 %).Conclusion. Local negative pressure is relatively rarely used in burn treatment. A positive effect from the use of NPWT can be expected in the control of wound infections and in the preparation of wounds for skin grafting. The prospects for the introduction of the method can be considered its application in the treatment of partial-thickness burns and additional fixation of skin grafts. To objectify the choice of modes and duration of vacuum therapy in burned patients, it is necessary to conduct further multicenter studies with the preparation of clinical guidelines.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86532617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-101-107
I. Abakumova, P. Ermakov, E. Denisova, I. Kupriyanov
Relevance. In the context of globalization, manifestations of extremism, negativism, aggression, asocial and dissocial behavior on the Internet tend to increase. However, biological determinants of destructive and constructive forms and transformations of users’ behavior are under debate.Intention – To study genetic predictors of digital behavior among young adults.Methodology. The study involved 115 people (51 males, 64 females) aged 18 to 22 years. In order to study the digital behavior, we used the author’s questionnaire “Strategies of digital behavior”. Molecular genetic analysis was performed through the DNA isolation from buccal epithelial cells. Statistical methods included comparative analysis, very simple structure method (VSS), principal component analysis, and ANOVA.Results and Discussion. It is shown that in most respondents active conditionally “constructive” digital behaviors prevail (45 %), active “destructive” and passive conditionally “constructive” digital behaviors are expressed almost equally (27 and 28 %, respectively). The active-destructive digital behavior is significantly more often observed in carriers of the combination of BDNF G/G, COMT G/A, and DRD2 T/T polymorphisms. For the constructive digital behaviors, neither biological determinants nor associations with the studied genes were observed.Conclusion. The above associations of COMT, BDNF, and DRD2 genes with the behavioral strategies of Internet users expand the existing knowledge about biological determinants of digital behavior.
{"title":"Genetic predictors of destructive and constructive types of digital behavior among young people","authors":"I. Abakumova, P. Ermakov, E. Denisova, I. Kupriyanov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-101-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-101-107","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In the context of globalization, manifestations of extremism, negativism, aggression, asocial and dissocial behavior on the Internet tend to increase. However, biological determinants of destructive and constructive forms and transformations of users’ behavior are under debate.Intention – To study genetic predictors of digital behavior among young adults.Methodology. The study involved 115 people (51 males, 64 females) aged 18 to 22 years. In order to study the digital behavior, we used the author’s questionnaire “Strategies of digital behavior”. Molecular genetic analysis was performed through the DNA isolation from buccal epithelial cells. Statistical methods included comparative analysis, very simple structure method (VSS), principal component analysis, and ANOVA.Results and Discussion. It is shown that in most respondents active conditionally “constructive” digital behaviors prevail (45 %), active “destructive” and passive conditionally “constructive” digital behaviors are expressed almost equally (27 and 28 %, respectively). The active-destructive digital behavior is significantly more often observed in carriers of the combination of BDNF G/G, COMT G/A, and DRD2 T/T polymorphisms. For the constructive digital behaviors, neither biological determinants nor associations with the studied genes were observed.Conclusion. The above associations of COMT, BDNF, and DRD2 genes with the behavioral strategies of Internet users expand the existing knowledge about biological determinants of digital behavior.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83375696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-35-42
S. Grebenkov, V. E. Batov, S. M. Kuznetsov
Relevance. During the pandemic of new coronavirus infection, healthcare professionals have increased occupational risks of exposure to the pathogen SARS-CoV-2, as well as physical and psychological stress, especially when treating Covid patients in “red zones”. Such a change in working conditions wasn’t reflected in the results of a special assessment, which requires the development of an individual scientifically based approach to its organization in conditions equated to emergency situations. Intention. Evaluate the results of a special assessment of working conditions and their compliance with actual working conditions, taking into account the health risks for healthcare professionals taking care of Covid patients.Methodology. We retrospectively conducted a comparative analysis of 295 cards for a special assessment of the working conditions of medical personnel of military medical organizations of therapeutic and infectious profile over 2015–2019, and 266 cards from the same organizations for 2020.Results and Discussion. Study of cards for special assessment of working conditions of medical personnel of military medical organizations for 2015–2020 showed the leading role of biological factors for all categories of medical personnel. Working in the “Red zone” should be assessed as 3.3 (Degree III harmful) based on biological hazard or 4 (dangerous) due to risks of acute occupational diseases and death. This should be reflected in the results of special assessment of working conditions and compensated via reduction of working hours. However, in the context of the pandemic, actual working hours of healthcare professionals exceeded the established 39 hours per week (Article 350 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), and the medical personnel were allowed to work with the pathogen of Group II pathogenicity without preliminary medical examinations.Conclusion. Analysis of the results of special assessment of the working conditions of medical personnel showed that they do not reflect the actual harmful (dangerous) working conditions of employees involved in providing care to patients with new coronavirus infection in these medical and preventive institutions.
{"title":"Assessment of the working conditions of medical personnel in military medical organizations during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection","authors":"S. Grebenkov, V. E. Batov, S. M. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-35-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-3-35-42","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. During the pandemic of new coronavirus infection, healthcare professionals have increased occupational risks of exposure to the pathogen SARS-CoV-2, as well as physical and psychological stress, especially when treating Covid patients in “red zones”. Such a change in working conditions wasn’t reflected in the results of a special assessment, which requires the development of an individual scientifically based approach to its organization in conditions equated to emergency situations. Intention. Evaluate the results of a special assessment of working conditions and their compliance with actual working conditions, taking into account the health risks for healthcare professionals taking care of Covid patients.Methodology. We retrospectively conducted a comparative analysis of 295 cards for a special assessment of the working conditions of medical personnel of military medical organizations of therapeutic and infectious profile over 2015–2019, and 266 cards from the same organizations for 2020.Results and Discussion. Study of cards for special assessment of working conditions of medical personnel of military medical organizations for 2015–2020 showed the leading role of biological factors for all categories of medical personnel. Working in the “Red zone” should be assessed as 3.3 (Degree III harmful) based on biological hazard or 4 (dangerous) due to risks of acute occupational diseases and death. This should be reflected in the results of special assessment of working conditions and compensated via reduction of working hours. However, in the context of the pandemic, actual working hours of healthcare professionals exceeded the established 39 hours per week (Article 350 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), and the medical personnel were allowed to work with the pathogen of Group II pathogenicity without preliminary medical examinations.Conclusion. Analysis of the results of special assessment of the working conditions of medical personnel showed that they do not reflect the actual harmful (dangerous) working conditions of employees involved in providing care to patients with new coronavirus infection in these medical and preventive institutions.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"108 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72453964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-89-94
V. Teplov, S. Aleksanin, S. S. Komedev, E. A. Tsebrovskaya, V. V. Burykina, S. Bagnenko
Relevance. According to the data of the international register, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with mechanical circulatory support in the cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation complex can save up to 30% among patients with sudden cardiac death.Intention. Analyze the main logistical and organizational problems of patient treatment identified over the two years of operation of the Center for the Treatment of Sudden Cardiac Death.Methods. A retrospective analysis of patients admitted in the period from October 2017 to January 2020 in a state of clinical death to the Center for the Treatment of Sudden Cardiac Death of a university clinic was carried out.Results and Discussion. In the course of the analysis, the criteria for connecting ECMO- cardiopulmonary resuscitation were developed. In most cases, the primary cause of death was cardiogenic factors (AMI, PE, fatal arrhythmias, etc.), while AMI was confirmed in 33 episodes. During the entire period of the Center’s operation, not a single patient has been admitted that fully meets the criteria for ECMO- cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, the technology has been used as therapy for “despair” on six occasions. The main problem at present is long-term and multistage care outside the medical organization. The possibility of using ECMO posthumously was studied in order to preserve the organs of the corpse for subsequent transplantation. During two years of work, 11 effective donors were conditioned, thanks to which 22 kidney transplants and 2 liver transplants were successfully performed at the University.Conclusion. The experience gained has shown the need to revise the algorithms for providing care to patients with sudden circulatory arrest outside the medical organization, in order to expedite transportation to the ECMO center. In the case of ineffectiveness of extended resuscitation in the clinic, it is possible to consider the use of post mortem technology for conditioning a potential posthumous donor for the preservation of organs for the purpose of their subsequent transplantation.
{"title":"Problems of medical evacuation and in-patient treatment of patients and injured with sudden arrest of circulation occurred outside medical institution","authors":"V. Teplov, S. Aleksanin, S. S. Komedev, E. A. Tsebrovskaya, V. V. Burykina, S. Bagnenko","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-89-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-89-94","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. According to the data of the international register, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with mechanical circulatory support in the cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation complex can save up to 30% among patients with sudden cardiac death.Intention. Analyze the main logistical and organizational problems of patient treatment identified over the two years of operation of the Center for the Treatment of Sudden Cardiac Death.Methods. A retrospective analysis of patients admitted in the period from October 2017 to January 2020 in a state of clinical death to the Center for the Treatment of Sudden Cardiac Death of a university clinic was carried out.Results and Discussion. In the course of the analysis, the criteria for connecting ECMO- cardiopulmonary resuscitation were developed. In most cases, the primary cause of death was cardiogenic factors (AMI, PE, fatal arrhythmias, etc.), while AMI was confirmed in 33 episodes. During the entire period of the Center’s operation, not a single patient has been admitted that fully meets the criteria for ECMO- cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, the technology has been used as therapy for “despair” on six occasions. The main problem at present is long-term and multistage care outside the medical organization. The possibility of using ECMO posthumously was studied in order to preserve the organs of the corpse for subsequent transplantation. During two years of work, 11 effective donors were conditioned, thanks to which 22 kidney transplants and 2 liver transplants were successfully performed at the University.Conclusion. The experience gained has shown the need to revise the algorithms for providing care to patients with sudden circulatory arrest outside the medical organization, in order to expedite transportation to the ECMO center. In the case of ineffectiveness of extended resuscitation in the clinic, it is possible to consider the use of post mortem technology for conditioning a potential posthumous donor for the preservation of organs for the purpose of their subsequent transplantation.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73468540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-115-122
I. V. Stanchenkov, S. I. Chistyakov, A. Suslov
Relevance. Currently, great importance is attached to the medical and psychological rehabilitation of military personnel performing combat missions in conditions of armed local conflicts. For improving medical and recreational activities, comprehensive approach seems promising.Intention – to study the dynamics of the indicators of the mental status in servicemen with prior exposure to combat stress in the process of medical and psychological rehabilitation in an outpatient clinic and to assess the clinical effectiveness of a complex of medical and recreational measures.Methodology. The study involved 330 servicemen exposed to combat stress factors. Of the total number of those surveyed, 54 servicemen with a reduced adaptive potential by Baevsky were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Patients in the experimental group underwent medical and psychological rehabilitation in an outpatient clinic including audiovisual stimulation and progressive muscle relaxation according to E. Jacobson; patients in the control group received standard treatment. Research methods: clinical diagnostics, anthropometry, physiometry, psychodiagnostic testing, mathematical and statistical data processing. The median, upper and lower quartile (Me [Q1; Q4]) are presented.Results and Discussion. According to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Ch. D. Spielberger, servicemen exposed to combat stress factors and having reduced adaptive reserves showed a decrease in trait anxiety both in the experimental and control group: from 29 [27; 31] to 26 [22; 29] (p = 0.001) and from 29 [25; 35] to 27 [22; 33] (p = 0.025), respectively. Depressive symptoms in both groups were within reference limits, and their dynamics in the process of medical and psychological rehabilitation did not reach statistical significance. In the structure of the integral indicator of post-traumatic stress disorder in servicemen exposed to combat stress, the symptoms of hyperactivation were of the greatest importance. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of this indicator in the experimental group revealed its statistically significant decrease from 20 [18.5; 22] to 17 [14.5; 21] at p = 0.015.Conclusion. As a result of the study, based on the analysis of the dynamics of the indicators of the mental status in servicemen exposed to the factors of combat stress, the clinical effectiveness of the proposed organizational model of medical and psychological rehabilitation in an outpatient setting was proved.
{"title":"Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of the organizational model of medical and psychological rehabilitation based on the analysis of the dynamics of the indicators of the mental status in military personnel exposed to combat stress","authors":"I. V. Stanchenkov, S. I. Chistyakov, A. Suslov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-115-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-115-122","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Currently, great importance is attached to the medical and psychological rehabilitation of military personnel performing combat missions in conditions of armed local conflicts. For improving medical and recreational activities, comprehensive approach seems promising.Intention – to study the dynamics of the indicators of the mental status in servicemen with prior exposure to combat stress in the process of medical and psychological rehabilitation in an outpatient clinic and to assess the clinical effectiveness of a complex of medical and recreational measures.Methodology. The study involved 330 servicemen exposed to combat stress factors. Of the total number of those surveyed, 54 servicemen with a reduced adaptive potential by Baevsky were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Patients in the experimental group underwent medical and psychological rehabilitation in an outpatient clinic including audiovisual stimulation and progressive muscle relaxation according to E. Jacobson; patients in the control group received standard treatment. Research methods: clinical diagnostics, anthropometry, physiometry, psychodiagnostic testing, mathematical and statistical data processing. The median, upper and lower quartile (Me [Q1; Q4]) are presented.Results and Discussion. According to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Ch. D. Spielberger, servicemen exposed to combat stress factors and having reduced adaptive reserves showed a decrease in trait anxiety both in the experimental and control group: from 29 [27; 31] to 26 [22; 29] (p = 0.001) and from 29 [25; 35] to 27 [22; 33] (p = 0.025), respectively. Depressive symptoms in both groups were within reference limits, and their dynamics in the process of medical and psychological rehabilitation did not reach statistical significance. In the structure of the integral indicator of post-traumatic stress disorder in servicemen exposed to combat stress, the symptoms of hyperactivation were of the greatest importance. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of this indicator in the experimental group revealed its statistically significant decrease from 20 [18.5; 22] to 17 [14.5; 21] at p = 0.015.Conclusion. As a result of the study, based on the analysis of the dynamics of the indicators of the mental status in servicemen exposed to the factors of combat stress, the clinical effectiveness of the proposed organizational model of medical and psychological rehabilitation in an outpatient setting was proved.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"70 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91021487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-70-79
Y. Shapkin, P. Seliverstov
Relevance. To date, there are no clear criteria and optimal logistic conditions for the use of helicopters for the air medical evacuation of injured victims from the scene and from the emergency zone.Intention. To consider modern scientific views on the problem of using helicopters for air medical evacuation of victims from the place of injury.Methodology. PubMed database and eLIBRARY.ru platform were searched for publications from 2015 to 2020.Results and Discussion. The advantages of air ambulance evacuation by helicopters include shorter prehospital time, delivering victims from hard-to-reach areas directly to high-level trauma centers, and provision of extended prehospital care by highly qualified air medical teams. The use of helicopters is associated with risks to the life of the crew, requires significant financial costs and special equipment, and is limited by the lack of landing sites, weather conditions and at night. The effectiveness of the use of air ambulance helicopters depends on geographic and demographic factors, the level of injuries, the state of the road network in the region, the remoteness of ambulance stations, helicopter bases and trauma centers, the degree of interaction between rescue services and hospital specialists.Conclusion. The evacuation of casualties from the scene of the accident by helicopters of medical aviation can significantly reduce mortality in case of severe injuries.
{"title":"Advantages and disadvantages of using helicopters for air medical evacuation of victims with traumas (literature review)","authors":"Y. Shapkin, P. Seliverstov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-70-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-70-79","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. To date, there are no clear criteria and optimal logistic conditions for the use of helicopters for the air medical evacuation of injured victims from the scene and from the emergency zone.Intention. To consider modern scientific views on the problem of using helicopters for air medical evacuation of victims from the place of injury.Methodology. PubMed database and eLIBRARY.ru platform were searched for publications from 2015 to 2020.Results and Discussion. The advantages of air ambulance evacuation by helicopters include shorter prehospital time, delivering victims from hard-to-reach areas directly to high-level trauma centers, and provision of extended prehospital care by highly qualified air medical teams. The use of helicopters is associated with risks to the life of the crew, requires significant financial costs and special equipment, and is limited by the lack of landing sites, weather conditions and at night. The effectiveness of the use of air ambulance helicopters depends on geographic and demographic factors, the level of injuries, the state of the road network in the region, the remoteness of ambulance stations, helicopter bases and trauma centers, the degree of interaction between rescue services and hospital specialists.Conclusion. The evacuation of casualties from the scene of the accident by helicopters of medical aviation can significantly reduce mortality in case of severe injuries.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79355159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-18-26
P. Avitisov, Sh. M. Gasanov
Relevance. In the zone of armed conflict (in the risk zone), people receive various injuries. The nature and severity of injuries depend on the combined impact of many damaging factors and the conditions of the medical situation. The number of medical units and institutions for providing medical assistance to those in need can be determined based on accurate forecast of the medical situation in the zone of armed conflict.Intention: To present the methodology for calculating the sanitary losses of the population in the course of an armed conflict and to determine resources of civilian health care in the territories of military operations.Methodology. Generalization and systematization of empirical, statistical and theoretical data are used, as well as traditional analysis of documents and literature on the topic of the study. The methodology is based on the following principles: multifactorial occurrence of sanitary losses; repeatability, multiple effects of damaging factors; the principle of uneven and nonsimultaneous occurrence of sanitary losses in the zone of armed conflict.Results and Discussion. Existing methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in the zone of armed conflict have been analyzed. A new algorithm for complex analysis and assessment of the medical situation has been developed.Conclusion. The data obtained can serve an important basis for organizing medical support for the population in the zone of armed conflict, protecting the life and health of those affected.
{"title":"Comprehensive methodology for calculating possible sanitary losses of the population and the need for assets and resources of the civilian health care in armed conflicts","authors":"P. Avitisov, Sh. M. Gasanov","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-18-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-18-26","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In the zone of armed conflict (in the risk zone), people receive various injuries. The nature and severity of injuries depend on the combined impact of many damaging factors and the conditions of the medical situation. The number of medical units and institutions for providing medical assistance to those in need can be determined based on accurate forecast of the medical situation in the zone of armed conflict.Intention: To present the methodology for calculating the sanitary losses of the population in the course of an armed conflict and to determine resources of civilian health care in the territories of military operations.Methodology. Generalization and systematization of empirical, statistical and theoretical data are used, as well as traditional analysis of documents and literature on the topic of the study. The methodology is based on the following principles: multifactorial occurrence of sanitary losses; repeatability, multiple effects of damaging factors; the principle of uneven and nonsimultaneous occurrence of sanitary losses in the zone of armed conflict.Results and Discussion. Existing methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in the zone of armed conflict have been analyzed. A new algorithm for complex analysis and assessment of the medical situation has been developed.Conclusion. The data obtained can serve an important basis for organizing medical support for the population in the zone of armed conflict, protecting the life and health of those affected.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":" 54","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72499565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-52-61
O. S. Maltseva, D. Shelukhin, K. V. Pshenisnov, Y. Aleksandrovich, A. A. Redkokasha, M. N. Prozorova
Relevance. The problem of organizing specialized medical care in emergency forms for children is caused by three groups of reasons: the presence at the junction of several adult and pediatric medical specialties, the medical and geographical features of the country and the lack of a unified regulatory framework.Intention. To increase the availability of medical services and reduce regional inequality in their distribution. A model of organizing a single operational service of specialized medical care for children and the basic principles of its functioning on the territory of the Russian Federation are proposed.Methodology. Statistical data, features of legislation, ways of solving the problem in certain regions and the achievements of initiative groups of specialists are analyzed.Results and Discussion. Since 2000, the number of hospital beds for children, the number of emergency medical stations has decreased, and the number of diseases and conditions requiring specialized emergency care for children has increased. Infant mortality rates in remote and hard-to-reach regions exceed the national average by 1.5–2.6 times. At the same time, the current statistics of medical evacuations of children are not accurately reflected in any of the official sources. The regulatory framework for medical evacuation of children includes three “ Procedures for providing medical care “in the profile “ambulance”, “neonatology” and “obstetrics and gynecology” and Federal Law N 323. The law implies the presence of mobile teams in hospitals and departments of different profiles that are not related to each other, but there is no structure that unites them and analyzes the results of work at the federal level.Conclusion. To solve the problem, it is necessary to create a federal operational service and a “hotline” that can be contacted by any resident of the country, to form a federal medical register of critical conditions in children, to develop and implement common principles of diagnosis and treatment. The presented model and principles contribute to the development of a three-level system of emergency medical care and correspond to the goals and objectives of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation set out in Letter N 14-3/n/2-2339 of 20.03.2019.
的相关性。以紧急形式为儿童组织专门医疗服务的问题是由三组原因造成的:几个成人和儿科医学专业的交汇处存在，国家的医疗和地理特征以及缺乏统一的管理框架。增加医疗服务的可得性，减少医疗服务分配的区域不平等。提出了在俄罗斯联邦领土上组织儿童专门医疗服务的单一业务模式及其运作的基本原则。分析了统计数据、立法特点、部分地区解决问题的途径和专家创作组的成果。结果和讨论。自2000年以来，儿童医院病床数量和急救站数量有所减少，需要对儿童进行专门急救的疾病和病症数量有所增加。偏远和交通不便地区的婴儿死亡率是全国平均水平的1.5至2.6倍。与此同时，目前关于儿童医疗后送的统计数字没有在任何官方来源中得到准确反映。儿童医疗后送的管理框架包括"救护车"、"新生儿"和"妇产科学"三项"提供医疗服务程序"以及第323号联邦法。法律规定在各医院和各部门设立流动小组，这些小组彼此之间没有关系，但没有一个结构将它们联合起来，并在联邦一级分析工作结果。为了解决这一问题，有必要建立一个联邦业务服务机构和一条全国任何居民都可以联系的"热线"，形成儿童危急情况的联邦医疗登记册，制定和执行诊断和治疗的共同原则。所提出的模式和原则有助于三级急救医疗体系的发展，符合2019年3月20日第N 14-3/ N /2-2339号函中规定的俄罗斯联邦卫生部的目标。
{"title":"Model and principles of organizing emergency specialized medical care for children at the stage of medical evacuation","authors":"O. S. Maltseva, D. Shelukhin, K. V. Pshenisnov, Y. Aleksandrovich, A. A. Redkokasha, M. N. Prozorova","doi":"10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-52-61","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The problem of organizing specialized medical care in emergency forms for children is caused by three groups of reasons: the presence at the junction of several adult and pediatric medical specialties, the medical and geographical features of the country and the lack of a unified regulatory framework.Intention. To increase the availability of medical services and reduce regional inequality in their distribution. A model of organizing a single operational service of specialized medical care for children and the basic principles of its functioning on the territory of the Russian Federation are proposed.Methodology. Statistical data, features of legislation, ways of solving the problem in certain regions and the achievements of initiative groups of specialists are analyzed.Results and Discussion. Since 2000, the number of hospital beds for children, the number of emergency medical stations has decreased, and the number of diseases and conditions requiring specialized emergency care for children has increased. Infant mortality rates in remote and hard-to-reach regions exceed the national average by 1.5–2.6 times. At the same time, the current statistics of medical evacuations of children are not accurately reflected in any of the official sources. The regulatory framework for medical evacuation of children includes three “ Procedures for providing medical care “in the profile “ambulance”, “neonatology” and “obstetrics and gynecology” and Federal Law N 323. The law implies the presence of mobile teams in hospitals and departments of different profiles that are not related to each other, but there is no structure that unites them and analyzes the results of work at the federal level.Conclusion. To solve the problem, it is necessary to create a federal operational service and a “hotline” that can be contacted by any resident of the country, to form a federal medical register of critical conditions in children, to develop and implement common principles of diagnosis and treatment. The presented model and principles contribute to the development of a three-level system of emergency medical care and correspond to the goals and objectives of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation set out in Letter N 14-3/n/2-2339 of 20.03.2019.","PeriodicalId":36526,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Biological and Socio-Psychological Issues of Safety in Emergency Situations","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88640430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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