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Book review, MIHAI GRIBINCEA, Trupele ruse de ocupație în Republica Moldova (culegere de documente și materiale), volumul I, Chișinău, Editura Cartier, 2020
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v9i2_17
Diana Stroici
Book review, MIHAI GRIBINCEA, Trupele ruse de ocupație în Republica Moldova (culegere de documente și materiale), volumul I, Chișinău, Editura Cartier, 2020
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引用次数: 0
Retrospectiva știrilor false asupra evenimentelor din regiunea transnistreană din anul 1992: abordări comparative / Retrospective of false news on events in the Transnistrian region since 1992: comparative approaches
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v9i2_13
Valentina Enachi
The analysis of the problem of false news and other media constructions is based on quantitative research, which shows the distribution of published materials in Chisinau and the Russian Federation. In these media, the materials addressed the topics regarding the events on the Dniester in 1992 in a negative, neutral or positive way. The qualitative research aims to describe the content of the articles divided into separate thematic blocks, sub-themes, and representation sections. The media construction of the events of the Dniester War in 1992 in the written and online press in the Republic of Moldova is contradictory. The Russian press and the left-wing press contribute to the false and erroneous perception that the phenomenon is known as „Transnistrian conflict” is a civil one, and that it is not Russia but Transnistria that is a „party” to the conflict, that Russia has the status of a neutral mediator and guarantor of the agreements between the partiesand the provisions of the Memorandum on normalizing relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria signed in 1997 in Moscow.
对虚假新闻和其他媒体结构问题的分析是基于定量研究,它显示了基希讷乌和俄罗斯联邦出版材料的分布情况。在这些媒介中,材料以消极、中立或积极的方式讨论关于1992年德涅斯特事件的主题。定性研究的目的是描述文章的内容分为单独的主题块,子主题和代表性部分。摩尔多瓦共和国的书面和网络媒体对1992年德涅斯特战争事件的媒体建构是相互矛盾的。俄罗斯媒体和左翼媒体助长了一种错误的看法,即所谓的“德涅斯特河沿岸冲突”是一种国内冲突,冲突的“一方”不是俄罗斯,而是德涅斯特河沿岸,俄罗斯是各方协议的中立调解人和担保人,以及1997年在莫斯科签署的摩尔多瓦共和国与德涅斯特河沿岸关系正常化备忘录的条款。
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引用次数: 0
Războiul transnistrean reflectat în manualele de istorie din România / The Transnistrian war reflected in the history textbooks in Romania
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v9i2_15
Alexandru Mitru
The creation of history textbooks in the post-December period took into account the increase of quality in pre-university education by developing communication and relationship skills, different historical contents being studied depending on the interests of students. In our analysis, we tried to find out to what extent the authors of the history textbooks were interested in presenting the Transnistrian conflict to the young generation.
12月以后的历史教科书的制定考虑到了通过培养交流和关系技能来提高大学预科教育的质量,根据学生的兴趣学习不同的历史内容。在我们的分析中,我们试图找出历史教科书的作者在多大程度上有兴趣向年轻一代展示德涅斯特河沿岸的冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Abordarea conflictului transnistrean în stânga Nistrului și în lucrările proseparatiste / Approaching the Transnistrian conflict on the left bank of the Dniester in the pro-separatist works as well
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v9i2_12
Lidia Prisac
The article reveals the historiographical approach of Transnistrian separatism in the works of pro-separatist authors, Russian and those publicized in the Eastern part of the Republic of Moldova. The author presents the works that appeared until 2005. As it is ascertained, researchers dwell upon the Transnistrian separatism problem from the position of the environment they were rooted in, projecting their research results on the present and the future, or out of the need to aliment and decode their identity, to feed their imagination. The pro-separatist historiography includes the same ideas regarding the MSSR history. This means nothing but “the translation” of the past into present or the mechanic and passionate protection of the present into the past, the positive or negative capitalization of historical events, or decline in the run of deformation and fabrication in pro-separatist historiography was produced due to an ideological approach of the Transnistrian problem. Albeit, generally speaking, all authors both from Transnistria and the Russian Federationrecognize the impact of the Russian Federation in generating and perpetuating the Transnistrian separatism.
本文揭示了亲分离主义作家、俄罗斯人和摩尔多瓦共和国东部出版的作品中德涅斯特河沿岸分离主义的史学方法。作者介绍了到2005年为止出现的作品。正如所确定的那样,研究人员从他们扎根的环境的立场来思考德涅斯特河沿岸的分离主义问题,将他们的研究结果投射到现在和未来,或者出于滋养和解码他们的身份的需要,以满足他们的想象力。亲分离主义的史学对苏维埃社会主义共和国的历史也有同样的看法。这意味着将过去“翻译”到现在,或机械而热情地将现在保护到过去,对历史事件进行积极或消极的资本化,或在亲分裂主义史学中变形和捏造的运行中下降,这是由于德涅斯特河问题的意识形态方法而产生的。尽管一般来说,来自德涅斯特河沿岸和俄罗斯联邦的所有作者都承认俄罗斯联邦在产生和延续德涅斯特河沿岸分离主义方面的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Conflictul transnistrean în contextul reconfigurării ordinii mondiale / The Transnistrian conflict in the context of reconfiguring the world order 冲突的德涅斯特河沿岸地区<e:1>语境中的重构/重新配置世界秩序背景下的德涅斯特河沿岸冲突
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-11-20 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v9i2_11
Aurelian Lavric
The process of transition from the unipolar world order, with the centre of power in Washington, to the multipolar one – with several centres of power, was determined by the emergence of some states, which assert themselves as new geopolitical poles in the architecture of world security. They are China, which is the main economic challenge to the USA, Russia, which, although it fails to assert itself as an economic power, is a military power, due to the potential of nuclear weapons that it still has since the Cold War, but also due to developments in the field of other modern weapons. In the future, we can expect the assertion of other states as poles of power: India, Iran, Brazil, the Republic of South Africa, etc. The evolution of Turkey is interesting: although it is a member of NATO (an organization in which the USA has a hard word in the decision-making structure), it tries to assert itself as a pole of power in the Islamic space (concerning the Arab world) and in the Turkish world (from Azerbaijan to Middle Asia).
从以华盛顿为权力中心的单极世界秩序向以多个权力中心为中心的多极世界秩序过渡的过程,是由一些国家的出现决定的,这些国家声称自己是世界安全架构中新的地缘政治极点。他们是中国,这是美国的主要经济挑战,俄罗斯,虽然它没有宣称自己是一个经济大国,但它是一个军事大国,因为它自冷战以来仍然拥有核武器的潜力,但也由于其他现代武器领域的发展。在未来,我们可以期待其他国家作为权力极点的主张:印度,伊朗,巴西,南非共和国等。土耳其的演变很有趣:虽然它是北约的成员(美国在该组织的决策结构中有强硬的措辞),但它试图将自己作为伊斯兰空间(涉及阿拉伯世界)和土耳其世界(从阿塞拜疆到中亚)的一极力量。
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引用次数: 0
Adrian Craciunescu, To Move and Reconstruct Monuments – Conflicts with Authenticity and Integrity 阿德里安·克拉丘内斯库,《移动和重建纪念碑——与真实性和完整性的冲突》
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v8i1_4
Moving heritage has never been a problem of engineering. From technical point of view, when heritage became a doctrinal issue, everything was technically achievable already. Present understanding of built heritage is more and more connected to the place where such heritage was constructed and still, less and less related to its materiality. In the early sixties, Salvaging Abu Simbel in the early sixties overexposed this issue of deep link between a monument and its place. It was of such magnitude that even contributed directly to the World Heritage Convention. After more than half a century, due to new technologies and due to many changes in the way heritage is perceived, it appears that concepts of “place” and “reconstruction” tend to become less and less restrictive, to the point that the core concepts of World Heritage - “authenticity” and “integrity” - may become very difficult to assess at a certain moment. At least one position on Romania’s heritage in the World Heritage List is affected by the possibility of “dismantling, transfer and reinstatement at a suitable location” stated by the Granada Convention for the protection of architectural heritage of Europe. The wooden churches are movable by tradition, and this aspect is better reflected in the revised principles of Venice Charter reflected in ICOMOS Australia’s Burra Charter and, more recently, in Nara Document on Authenticity. However, having already so many precedents already, where else could we anymore trace a border line between acceptable and non-acceptable of such transfersand reconstructions in respect of authenticity and integrity? If such a line can be traced, does this mean then that a principle may be negotiable? Can it be properly set in a clear regulation or methodology?
移动遗产从来就不是一个工程问题。从技术的角度来看,当遗产成为一个理论问题时,一切在技术上都是可以实现的。目前对建筑遗产的理解越来越多地与这些遗产的建造地点联系在一起,而与它的物质性联系越来越少。在60年代早期,《拯救阿布辛贝神庙》在60年代早期过度曝光了纪念碑与其所在地之间的深层联系。它的规模如此之大,甚至直接促成了《世界遗产公约》。半个多世纪以来,由于新技术的发展和遗产认知方式的诸多变化,“地点”和“重建”的概念似乎变得越来越不受限制,以至于世界遗产的核心概念——“真实性”和“完整性”可能在某个时刻变得非常难以评估。《格拉纳达保护欧洲建筑遗产公约》规定,罗马尼亚在《世界遗产名录》中至少有一处遗产受到“在适当地点拆除、转移和恢复”可能性的影响。根据传统,木制教堂是可移动的,这方面在国际古迹遗址理事会澳大利亚的《布拉宪章》和最近的《奈良真实性文件》中修订的《威尼斯宪章》原则中得到了更好的反映。然而,已经有了这么多的先例,在真实性和完整性方面,我们还能在哪里找到这种转移和重建的可接受和不可接受的界限呢?如果这条线可以追溯,这是否意味着一项原则可以协商?能否以明确的规定或方法加以适当设定?
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引用次数: 0
Review, KNUT ANDREAS BERGSVIK, MARION DOWD (eds), Caves & Ritual in Medieval Europe, AD 500-1500, Oxbow Books: Oxford & Philadelphia, 2018 (Sergiu MUSTEAȚĂ) 评论,KNUT ANDREAS BERGSVIK, MARION DOWD(编),中世纪欧洲的洞穴和仪式,公元500-1500年,Oxbow Books:牛津和费城,2018 (Sergiu MUSTEAȚĂ)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v8i1_13
Book review, KNUT ANDREAS BERGSVIK, MARION DOWD (eds), Caves & Ritual in Medieval Europe, AD 500-1500, Oxbow Books: Oxford & Philadelphia, 2018 done by Sergiu MUSTEAȚĂ
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引用次数: 0
Marius-Mihai Ciuta, The Dacian Fortress of Căpâlna (Săsciori Commune, Alba County) – In Search of Lost Time (1999-2019)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v8i1_9
The present paper deals with a recovered hoard of gold Hellenistic style jewellery, stolen in 2001 from the Dacian fortress of Căpâlna, archaeological site and UNESCO monument from Romania. After 7 years of illegal trafficking of the artefacts on the black market of antiquities, the Romanian law enforcements recovered the hoard from Germany, with the generous support of an expert from Frankfurt am Main. The items come from a Western Balkan workshop around the inhabited by the Danubian Celts, located onthe northern territory of Serbia and the western part of nowadays region of Banat (Romania). Nevertheless, one should not completely exclude the possibility that the items were made in a roving workshop on the territory of South-western Dacia. The technique used and the style of decoration prove the assimilation of late Hellenistic and Italic influences. The composition of the gold alloy is similar to the one used by jewellers in the late Hellenistic and Roman imperial periods. An important detail is the reconstruction of the ”discovery circumstances” inside of the protected area of Căpâlna fortress, by the archaeological poachers from Deva (Hunedoara County). During the judicial and forensic investigations, from 2006 to 2018, the members of the law enforcement observed the ”evolution” of the actual state of the monument. The conclusion is that during the twelve years since the fortress was a UNESCO monument, its protection and scientific promotion was minimal.
本论文涉及的是2001年在罗马尼亚的考古遗址和联合国教科文组织纪念碑——达契亚城堡crecalp被盗的一批希腊风格的黄金珠宝。在文物黑市上非法交易了7年之后,罗马尼亚执法部门在美因河畔法兰克福的一位专家的慷慨支持下,从德国收回了这些文物。这些物品来自位于塞尔维亚北部和今天的巴纳特地区(罗马尼亚)西部的多瑙河凯尔特人居住的西巴尔干工作室。然而,不应完全排除这些物品是在西南达契亚境内的流动车间制造的可能性。所使用的技术和装饰风格证明了晚期希腊和意大利影响的同化。金合金的成分类似于晚期希腊化和罗马帝国时期珠宝商使用的合金。一个重要的细节是由来自Deva (Hunedoara县)的考古偷猎者重建了c帕尔纳堡垒保护区内的“发现环境”。在2006年至2018年的司法和法医调查中,执法人员观察了纪念碑实际状态的“演变”。结论是,在该堡垒被联合国教科文组织列为纪念碑的12年里,它的保护和科学推广很少。
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引用次数: 0
Andrea Chiricescu, Who Are the Real Stakeholders of a Nominated UNESCO Site? A Glimpse into the Contextualisation of a Rather Scientific Approach to World Heritage Nominations Andrea Chiricescu,谁是联合国教科文组织提名遗产的真正利益相关者?一种相当科学的世界遗产提名方法的背景化一瞥
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v8i1_5
andrea CHIRICeSCU
At the current time Romania, as a state, has set up a mechanism to implement the nomination procedure for the Dacian Limes on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as part of the FRE – Frontiers of the Roman Empire. While drafting the nomination and the management plan, the issue of different categories of stakeholders should be discussed and activities should be planned accordingly. In order to plan a series of activities a thorough analysis should be made, to establish who are the stakeholders of such an endeavour, when and how they should be addressed, what roles and responsibilities they have within the current process and within the management of the future World HeritageSite. This article is not meant to be an exhaustive approach to the subject, it is just the beginning of a deeper and more thorough study of the issue, bringing some examples of small-scale good practices, the lesson’s learned by other countries and raising questions to be answered in the future.
目前,罗马尼亚作为一个国家,已经建立了一个机制,以实施联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录中达契亚石灰的提名程序,作为罗马帝国边界的一部分。在起草提名和管理计划时,应讨论不同类别利益相关者的问题,并相应地规划活动。为了规划一系列活动,必须进行彻底的分析,确定谁是这一努力的利益相关者,何时以及如何解决这些问题,以及他们在当前进程和未来世界遗产地管理中的角色和责任。这篇文章并不是对这个问题的详尽研究,它只是一个更深入、更彻底研究这个问题的开始,它提供了一些小规模的良好做法的例子,其他国家的经验教训,并提出了未来需要回答的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Alexandru Popa, The Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Eastern Dacia. Preliminary Results of Research Conducted in the Context of the Romanian National Limes Program 亚历山德鲁·波帕,《罗马帝国在东达契亚的疆界》。在罗马尼亚国家石灰方案范围内进行的初步研究结果
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.37710/plural.v8i1_10
The visible and invisible traces of the Roman Frontier in Dacia have been, for quite a long time, one of the most representative archaeological sites in Romania, and especially in Transylvania. On one hand, the Roman frontier in Transylvania, also known as Limes, symbolises a border between the GreekRoman world and the local civilisations found in the regions north of the Danube. On the other hand, we rather deal with a large contact zone between the two parts of the antique ecumene. Romania decided to join the international initiative known as Frontiers of the Roman Empire (FRE) UNESCO siteby inscribing on the UNESCO Heritage List the components found on its territory – the Dacian Limes and the segments of the Danubian Roman Border. The activity of preparing the nominations is conducted by several institutions. Along with the National Heritage Institute, that is responsible, by tradition, of all the UNESCO nominations in Romania, the activity also involves the National History Museum from Bucharest, the National Museum of Transylvanian History from Cluj-Napoca and the National Museum of the Eastern Carpathians from Sf. Gheorghe. The National Limes Commission has been established to coordinate all the undertaken activities and to assure proper communication between the above-mentioned institutions, both inside the national partnership and with the international partners.
在相当长的一段时间里,达契亚的罗马边境可见或不可见的痕迹一直是罗马尼亚最具代表性的考古遗址之一,尤其是在特兰西瓦尼亚。一方面,罗马在特兰西瓦尼亚的边境,也被称为莱姆斯,象征着希腊罗马世界与多瑙河以北地区的当地文明之间的边界。另一方面,我们宁愿处理一个大的接触区之间的两个部分的古董教堂。罗马尼亚决定加入名为“罗马帝国边界”(FRE)的国际倡议,将在其领土上发现的达契亚边界和多瑙河罗马边界部分列入联合国教科文组织遗产名录。准备提名的活动由几个机构进行。除了传统上负责罗马尼亚所有联合国教科文组织提名的国家遗产研究所外,该活动还涉及布加勒斯特的国家历史博物馆、克卢日-纳波卡的特兰西瓦尼亚国家历史博物馆和Sf的东喀尔巴阡国家博物馆。乔戈。已经设立了国家环境委员会,以协调所有已开展的活动,并确保上述机构之间在国家伙伴关系内部以及与国际伙伴之间的适当沟通。
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