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Happy is the Land that Needs No Heroes 快乐是不需要英雄的土地
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.3.06
D. Coates
This essay interrogates two articles by the Canadian historian Jeff Keshen and the Australian historian Mark Sheftall, which assert that the representations of soldiers in the First World War (Anzacs in Australia, members of the Canadian Expeditionary Forces, the CEF), are comparable. I argue, however, that in reaching their conclusions, these historians have either overlooked or insufficiently considered a number of crucial factors, such as the influence the Australian historian/war correspondent C. E. W. Bean had on the reception of Anzacs, whom he venerated and turned into larger-than-life men who liked fighting and were good at it; the significance of the “convict stain” in Australia; and the omission of women writers’ contributions to the “getting of nationhood” in each country. It further addresses why Canadians have not embraced Vimy (a military victory) as their defining moment in the same way as Australians celebrate the landing at Anzac Cove (a military disaster), from which they continue to derive their sense of national identity. In essence, this essay advances that differences between the two nations’ representations of soldiers far outweigh any similarities.
本文质疑了加拿大历史学家Jeff Keshen和澳大利亚历史学家Mark Sheftall的两篇文章,这两篇文章断言,第一次世界大战中士兵(澳大利亚的安扎克人、加拿大远征军成员)的表现是可比的。然而,我认为,在得出结论时,这些历史学家要么忽视了,要么没有充分考虑到一些关键因素,比如澳大利亚历史学家/战地记者C·E·W·比恩对安扎克的接待产生的影响,他崇敬安扎克,并将他变成了喜欢战斗并擅长战斗的伟人;“罪犯污点”在澳大利亚的意义;以及每个国家女性作家对“获得国家地位”的贡献被忽略。它进一步阐述了为什么加拿大人没有像澳大利亚人庆祝在安扎克湾登陆(一场军事灾难)那样,将维米(一场战争胜利)视为他们的决定性时刻,他们继续从中获得国家认同感。从本质上讲,这篇文章提出,两国士兵形象的差异远远超过任何相似之处。
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引用次数: 1
British Film Propaganda in the Netherlands: Its Preconditions and Missed Opportunities 英国电影在荷兰的宣传:先决条件与错失机遇
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.3.04
Natalia Stachura
British film propaganda directed at neutral countries was meant to strengthen the pro-British attitude or at least weaken pro-German sentiments in the neutral countries. Directed at the wide strata of neutral societies as well as at intellectual, military and economic elites, factual films from the battle lines were believed not only to counteract German propaganda but also to overshadow hostile actions taken by British government against economic and political freedoms of the neutrals. This article is an attempt at understanding the reasons for the eventual failure of British film propaganda in the Netherlands. While mentioning various conflict areas between the countries, it focuses on cultural entanglements and cultural networks that developed, though precariously, throughout the war. The neglect of existing connections between British and Dutch filmmakers and the hesitant if not hostile attitude of War Office Cinematograph Committee towards expensive adaptations of literary works, and feature films in general, might be perceived, the article argues, as one of the core reasons, along political and economic tensions, why Britain lost the battle for Dutch cinema audiences.
英国针对中立国的电影宣传意在加强中立国的亲英态度或至少削弱中立国的亲德情绪。这些来自战场的真实影片不仅针对中立社会的广大阶层,也针对知识分子、军事和经济精英,被认为不仅可以抵消德国的宣传,还可以掩盖英国政府对中立国经济和政治自由所采取的敌对行动。本文试图理解英国电影在荷兰的宣传最终失败的原因。虽然提到了各国之间的各种冲突地区,但它关注的是在整个战争期间发展起来的文化纠集和文化网络,尽管不稳定。忽略了英国和荷兰电影制作人之间的现有联系,以及陆军部电影委员会对昂贵的文学作品改编的犹豫不决(如果不是敌对的态度),以及一般的故事片,可能被认为是核心原因之一,随着政治和经济紧张局势,为什么英国输掉了争夺荷兰电影观众的战斗。
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引用次数: 0
Middle and Early Modern English Medical Recipes: Some Notes on Specialised Terminology 近代中早期英国医方:一些专业术语注释
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.2.05
Marta Sylwanowicz
One of the text-type features of a recipe is a certain degree of technical lexicon (cf. Görlach 2004). The aim of the present study is to compare the use and distribution of selected group of terms, here references to medical preparations, in Middle and Early Modern English recipe collections. Particular attention will be given to the factors responsible for the choice of terms. Also, we will concentrate on the rivalry between native and foreign lexical units.
食谱的文本类型特征之一是一定程度的技术词典(参见Görlach 2004)。本研究的目的是比较所选术语组的使用和分布,这里指的是现代中早期英语食谱集中的药物制剂。将特别注意对术语选择负责的因素。此外,我们将集中讨论母语和外语词汇单位之间的竞争。
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引用次数: 2
Reading and Resituating Charles Sangster’s The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay as a Canadian Pilgrimage Poem 查尔斯·桑斯特的加拿大朝圣诗《圣劳伦斯与萨格奈》的阅读与辞呈
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.1.03
Shoshannah Ganz
Developing on 150 years of reviews and scholarship of Charles Sangster’s The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay, this paper contends that Sangster’s poem is not merely derivative of British and American Romantic poetry, or a vague tourist poem, but that Sangster employs the language and images of Christian pilgrimage to purposefully detail the pilgrimage of his soul.
本文在对桑斯特《圣劳伦斯与萨格奈》150年的评论和学术研究的基础上,认为桑斯特的诗歌不仅仅是英美浪漫主义诗歌的衍生,也不仅仅是一首模糊的旅游诗,而是桑斯特运用基督教朝圣的语言和形象,有目的地详细描述了他的灵魂之旅。
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引用次数: 0
Reasons to Think That Anglo-Frisian Developed in Britain 认为盎格鲁-弗里斯语起源于英国的理由
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.2.01
David L. White
Linguistic evidence is adduced indicating that (as non-linguistic evidence long known also suggests) the origin of Anglo-Frisian goes back to a period of common development in SE Anglo-Saxon England around 475–525. The linguistic reason to think so is that almost every characteristic innovation of Anglo-Frisian has a plausible motivation in terms of infl uences from Brittonic. It seems that the later Frisians originated as Anglo-Saxons, occupying territory between Kentish and Pre-Mercian, who left England and went back to the continent, of course to the coast, around 540. The conclusion is that Frisian is similar to English because Frisian is descended from English.
语言学证据表明(众所周知的非语言学证据也表明)盎格鲁-弗里斯语的起源可以追溯到475–525年左右盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰东南部的一个共同发展时期。这样想的语言学原因是,就布列塔尼语的影响而言,几乎每一个盎格鲁-弗里斯语的特色创新都有一个看似合理的动机。后来的弗里斯人似乎起源于盎格鲁-撒克逊人,占据了肯特人和前麦西亚人之间的领土,他们在540年左右离开英格兰,回到了欧洲大陆,当然是海岸。结论是弗里斯语和英语相似,因为弗里斯语是英语的后裔。
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引用次数: 2
“[They] would say she was betraying Poland already”: Major Themes in Contemporary Canadian Literature by Writers of Polish Origins “(他们)会说她已经背叛了波兰”:波兰裔作家当代加拿大文学的主要主题
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.1.11
Dagmara Drewniak
In June 2015 The Canadian Polish Research Institute organized a panel discussion chaired by professor Tamara Trojanowska called “Writing Change and Continuity: Culture, Languages, Generations.” The debate featured esteemed writers of Polish descent: Eva Stachniak, Andrew Borkowski, Ania Szado, Jowita Bydlowska and Aga Maksimowska. Although the writers in question do not belong to the same generation and do not share exactly the same emigration experience, nowadays they form a distinguished group of Canadian writers of Polish origins. The aim of this paper is to look at the selection of the latest texts written by authors of the Polish diaspora in Canada such as Eva Stachniak’s The Chosen Maiden (2017), Jowita Bydlowska’s Drunk Mom (2013) and Guy (2016), Ania Szado’s Studio Saint Ex (2013) and Aga Maksimowska’s Giant (2012) among others. This paper does not venture to repeat the conclusions drawn during the panel but rather to extend the exploration of the recent Polish diasporic, multivoiced writing as well as offer a modest supplement to the famous analysis of ethnic writing proposed by Smaro Kamboureli in her Scandalous Bodies: Diasporic Literature in English Canada (2009). Hence, the discussion comprises the authors’ choice of themes, (dis)appearance of immigrant motifs, references to Poland as a country of origin and Canada as the new homeland as well as an analysis of the genres the aforementioned authors use.
2015年6月,加拿大波兰研究所组织了一场由塔玛拉·特罗亚诺夫斯卡教授主持的小组讨论,名为“写作的变化和连续性:文化、语言、世代”。这场辩论的主角是受人尊敬的波兰裔作家:伊娃·斯塔奇尼亚克、安德鲁·博尔科夫斯基、Ania Szado、Jowita Bydlowska和Aga Maksimowska。虽然这些作家不属于同一代,也没有完全相同的移民经历,但如今他们组成了一个杰出的波兰裔加拿大作家群体。本文的目的是研究加拿大波兰侨民作家所写的最新文本的选择,如伊娃·斯塔奇尼亚克的《被选中的少女》(2017),乔维塔·比德洛斯卡的《醉酒的妈妈》(2013)和《盖伊》(2016),Ania Szado的《圣埃克斯工作室》(2013)和Aga Maksimowska的《巨人》(2012)等。本文并不冒险重复小组讨论期间得出的结论,而是扩展对最近波兰流散,多声音写作的探索,并对斯玛罗·坎布雷利在她的《丑闻的身体:加拿大英语中的流散文学》(2009)中提出的著名的种族写作分析提供一个适当的补充。因此,讨论包括作者对主题的选择,移民母题的出现,波兰作为原籍国和加拿大作为新家园的参考,以及对上述作者使用的类型的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Relevance in Sitcom Discourse: The Viewer’s Perspective 情景喜剧话语中的关联性:观众视角
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.2.07
Magdalena Wieczorek
The present paper draws upon Sperber and Wilson’s ([1986] 1995) Relevance Theory to undertake a pragmatic analysis of situation comedy (sitcom) discourse. More specifically, special attention is paid to the cognitive interpretative paths the viewer needs to take in order to find a dialogue or monologue humorous. The analysis is premised upon the participation framework, which accounts for the bi-partite division of communication in fictional discourse: the character’s (fictional) layer and the recipient’s layer, the latter being in the centre of attention.
本文借鉴Sperber和Wilson([1986]1995)的关联理论,对情景喜剧话语进行语用分析。更具体地说,为了找到幽默的对话或独白,观众需要走认知-解释的道路。该分析以参与框架为前提,该框架解释了虚构话语中沟通的两党划分:角色(虚构)层和接受者层,后者处于关注的中心。
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引用次数: 0
“Vain dalliance with misery”: Moral Therapy in William Wordsworth’s “The Ruined Cottage” “徒劳地玩弄痛苦”:华兹华斯《破茅屋》中的道德治疗
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.1.02
Piotr Kałowski
The following paper will examine how (male) speakers in William Wordsworth’s “The Baker’s Cart” and “Incipient Madness,” which eventually became reworked into “The Ruined Cottage,” narrate the histories of traumatised women. It will be argued that by distorting the women’s accounts of suffering into a didactic lesson for themselves, the poems’ speakers embody the tension present in the chief psychiatric treatment of the Romantic period, moral therapy, which strove to humanise and give voice to afflicted subjects, at the same time trying to contain and eventually correct their “otherness.”
下面的论文将研究威廉·华兹华斯的《面包师的车》和《初发的疯狂》(最终被改编成《荒废的小屋》)中的(男性)说话人是如何讲述受创伤的女性的历史的。有人会说,通过将女性对痛苦的描述扭曲成对她们自己的说教,诗歌的演讲者体现了浪漫主义时期主要精神治疗中存在的紧张情绪,道德治疗,努力使受折磨的对象人性化并发出声音,同时试图遏制并最终纠正他们的“他者性”。
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引用次数: 1
The End of the 1914–1918 War in Africa 1914-1918年非洲战争的结束
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.3.05
A. Samson
The end of the First World War in Africa occurred at different times across the continent as the German colonies capitulated and surrendered to the allied forces between 26 August 1914 and 25 November 1918. The experience of each territory was indicative of its colonial development and local conditions. As the war inched across the landscape so people moved between states of peace and conflict, all caught up in some aspect either directly or through the provision of food and other materials. This chapter explores different experiences across the continent and the legacy of the discussions at Versailles. ERRATUM Anne Samson and the editors of Anglica: An International Journal for English Studies wish to apologize to George Ndakwena Njung for the misspelling of his name in the in-text references and the references section (90, 92, 110).
第一次世界大战在非洲大陆的结束发生在1914年8月26日至1918年11月25日期间,德国殖民地向盟军投降。每一个领土的经验都表明了其殖民地的发展和当地的情况。随着战争在各地蔓延,人们在和平与冲突状态之间流动,所有人都直接或通过提供食物和其他材料在某个方面陷入困境。本章探讨了整个欧洲大陆的不同经历以及凡尔赛宫讨论的遗留问题。ERRATUM Anne Samson和《Anglica:An International Journal for English Studies》的编辑们希望就George Ndakwena Njung的名字在正文参考文献和参考文献部分拼写错误向他道歉(90,92110)。
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引用次数: 2
The Violence of Duality in Adrienne Kennedy’s Funnyhouse of a Negro 阿德里安娜·肯尼迪《黑人的幽默屋》中二元性的暴力
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-09-17 DOI: 10.7311/0860-5734.27.1.09
Q. Ha, C. Hogan
Adrienne Kennedy’s psychodrama Funnyhouse of a Negro personifies in her protagonist, Sarah, the internalized racism and mental deterioration that a binary paradigm foments. Kennedy also develops the schizoid consciousness of Sarah to accentuate Sarah’s hybridized and traumatized identity as an African American woman. Kennedy’s play was controversial during the Black Arts Movement, as she refrained from endorsing black nationalist groups like Black Power, constructing instead a nightmare world in which race is the singular element in defining self-worth. In her dramatized indictment of both white supremacy and identity politics, American culture’s pathologized fascination with pigmentation drives the protagonist to solipsistic isolation, and ultimately, to suicide. Kennedy, through the disturbed cast of Sarah’s mind, portrays a world in which race obsession triumphs over any sense of basic humanity. The play urges the audience to accept the absurdity of a dichotomized vision of the world, to recognize the spectral nature of reality, and to transcend the devastation imposed by polarizing rhetoric.
阿德里安娜·肯尼迪(Adrienne Kennedy)的黑人心理剧《滑稽之家》(Funnyhouse)将二元范式所煽动的内化的种族主义和精神退化体现在了主人公莎拉(Sarah)身上。肯尼迪还发展了莎拉的精神分裂意识,以强调莎拉作为非裔美国女性的混血和创伤身份。在黑人艺术运动(Black Arts Movement)期间,肯尼迪的剧本引起了争议,因为她没有支持黑人民族主义团体,比如“黑人权力”(Black Power),而是构建了一个噩梦般的世界,在这个世界里,种族是定义自我价值的唯一因素。在她对白人至上主义和身份政治的戏剧性控诉中,美国文化对肤色的病态迷恋驱使主人公走向唯我主义的孤立,并最终走向自杀。肯尼迪通过莎拉的精神错乱,描绘了一个对种族的痴迷战胜了任何基本人性的世界。该剧敦促观众接受世界二分观的荒谬,认识到现实的幽灵本质,并超越两极分化的修辞所带来的破坏。
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引用次数: 2
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Anglica
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