The increased visibility of the non-binary community is reflected in the media, with trans and non-binary characters becoming more common in film and series. This provides a great opportunity to raise global awareness of non-binary people, but the exporting of this media usually comes with translations done by people who do not specialize in queer, trans, or non-binary sociolects. This paper gives an overview of different linguistic gender strategies in present-day Spanish, and uses two examples of popular Netflix series with trans or non-binary characters as Spanish translation case studies to illustrate the different linguistic challenges and approaches to representing non-binary identities in Spanish.
{"title":"Trans(de)letion","authors":"Á. López","doi":"10.1075/jls.20023.lop","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.20023.lop","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The increased visibility of the non-binary community is reflected in the media, with trans and non-binary\u0000 characters becoming more common in film and series. This provides a great opportunity to raise global awareness of non-binary\u0000 people, but the exporting of this media usually comes with translations done by people who do not specialize in queer, trans, or\u0000 non-binary sociolects. This paper gives an overview of different linguistic gender strategies in present-day Spanish, and uses two\u0000 examples of popular Netflix series with trans or non-binary characters as Spanish translation case studies to illustrate the\u0000 different linguistic challenges and approaches to representing non-binary identities in Spanish.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46739467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article provides a comprehensive overview of attitudes towards nonbinary pronouns, with the aim of better understanding why these pronouns are either accepted or rejected. Attitudes towards nonbinary they and the neopronouns ze and xe are explored with a thematic analysis of data derived from a larger online survey on pronouns (n = 1128). While the results demonstrate various polarized stances for both types of pronouns, the participants’ reactions highlight greater acceptance of and support for nonbinary they. In addition, the paper proposes that broader ideologies about gender are behind the participants’ overt reactions to nonbinary pronouns. Most notably, while some participants rejected the pronouns on the basis of a binary gender ideology, others viewed gender as a matter of self-identification, accepting any pronoun an individual chooses for themselves.
{"title":"A thematic analysis of attitudes towards English nonbinary pronouns","authors":"Laura Hekanaho","doi":"10.1075/jls.21025.hek","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.21025.hek","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article provides a comprehensive overview of attitudes towards nonbinary pronouns, with the aim of better\u0000 understanding why these pronouns are either accepted or rejected. Attitudes towards nonbinary they and the\u0000 neopronouns ze and xe are explored with a thematic analysis of data derived from a larger online\u0000 survey on pronouns (n = 1128). While the results demonstrate various polarized stances for both types of\u0000 pronouns, the participants’ reactions highlight greater acceptance of and support for nonbinary they. In\u0000 addition, the paper proposes that broader ideologies about gender are behind the participants’ overt reactions to nonbinary\u0000 pronouns. Most notably, while some participants rejected the pronouns on the basis of a binary gender ideology, others viewed\u0000 gender as a matter of self-identification, accepting any pronoun an individual chooses for themselves.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45885283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an ongoing shift in the pronominal system of English that is primarily related to transgender and non-binary identities. Apparent time evidence suggests that this is an ongoing change, and metalinguistic comments support the indexical link between the change and the increased visibility of transgender and non-binary English speakers. Sociopragmatic variation enabled by this change shows that the pronoun system of English functions much less like a grammatical gender (noun class) system, and much more like a system of honorifics. The second half of the paper puts forward a position for social justice around pronoun use and gender autonomy, including advice for professional linguists who work in related fields.
{"title":"Variation in English gendered pronouns","authors":"Kirby Conrod","doi":"10.1075/jls.20026.con","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.20026.con","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes an ongoing shift in the pronominal system of English that is primarily related to transgender\u0000 and non-binary identities. Apparent time evidence suggests that this is an ongoing change, and metalinguistic comments support the\u0000 indexical link between the change and the increased visibility of transgender and non-binary English speakers. Sociopragmatic\u0000 variation enabled by this change shows that the pronoun system of English functions much less like a grammatical gender (noun\u0000 class) system, and much more like a system of honorifics. The second half of the paper puts forward a position for social justice\u0000 around pronoun use and gender autonomy, including advice for professional linguists who work in related fields.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48231843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Lo Vecchio (2020): Dictionnaire Historique du Lexique de l’Homosexualité: Transferts Linguistiques et Culturels entre Français, Italien, Espagnol, Anglais et Allemand","authors":"Gizem Bilal","doi":"10.1075/jls.00023.bil","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.00023.bil","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobilizations against gender equality and sexual diversity have gained political traction globally despite their hyperbolic modes of action and conspiracist rhetoric. These anti-gender campaigns rally around “gender ideology,” a trope used to anathemize feminist and LGBTQIA+ activism/scholarship. This paper argues that anti-genderism is a register – a conventionalized aggregate of expressive forms and enactable person-types – of which “gender ideology” is the most famous shibboleth. The paper shows how inchoate collections of words, modes of action, and images of people (i.e. signs) have been enregistered into the cohesive but heterogeneous whole of anti-genderism through semiotic processes of clasping, relaying, and grafting (Gal 2018; 2019). The paper offers a sociolinguistic analysis of anti-genderism to understand the challenges it poses to the enfranchisement of women, queer, trans, and nonbinary people.
{"title":"Enregistering “gender ideology”","authors":"Rodrigo Borba","doi":"10.1075/jls.21003.bor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.21003.bor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mobilizations against gender equality and sexual diversity have gained political traction globally despite their\u0000 hyperbolic modes of action and conspiracist rhetoric. These anti-gender campaigns rally around “gender ideology,” a trope used to\u0000 anathemize feminist and LGBTQIA+ activism/scholarship. This paper argues that anti-genderism is a register – a conventionalized\u0000 aggregate of expressive forms and enactable person-types – of which “gender ideology” is the most famous shibboleth. The paper\u0000 shows how inchoate collections of words, modes of action, and images of people (i.e. signs) have been enregistered into the\u0000 cohesive but heterogeneous whole of anti-genderism through semiotic processes of clasping, relaying, and grafting (Gal 2018; 2019). The paper offers a\u0000 sociolinguistic analysis of anti-genderism to understand the challenges it poses to the enfranchisement of women, queer, trans,\u0000 and nonbinary people.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48647622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Success in the digital dating world is often dependent on an individual’s ability to negotiate the affordances and constraints of platforms (Bucher & Helmond 2017) while effectively expressing who one is and what they are looking for. Since mononormativity is the dominant script that underpins ideals of romantic love and intimate relations in our society (Wolkomir 2019), for the millions who ascribe to non-monogamy, profile creation is often complicated by dating platform interfaces and relationship orientations. This research takes a critical multimodal discourse approach (Machin 2016, Milani 2013) to examine the interplay between various semiotic modes in meaning making about sexual normativities (Motschenbacher 2019) in digital dating contexts, and considers how people navigating non-traditional relationship orientations negotiate discourse in digital dating contexts to demonstrate how discourse and design have the ability to empower and marginalize users (Sun 2020) as well maintain cultural norms (Wachter-Boettcher 2017) about emotional bonding and sexuality.
{"title":"More than the selfie","authors":"Riki Thompson","doi":"10.1075/jls.20005.tho","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.20005.tho","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Success in the digital dating world is often dependent on an individual’s ability to negotiate the\u0000 affordances and constraints of platforms (Bucher &\u0000 Helmond 2017) while effectively expressing who one is and what they are looking for. Since mononormativity is the\u0000 dominant script that underpins ideals of romantic love and intimate relations in our society (Wolkomir 2019), for the millions who ascribe to non-monogamy, profile creation is often complicated by dating platform\u0000 interfaces and relationship orientations. This research takes a critical multimodal discourse approach (Machin 2016, Milani 2013) to examine the interplay between\u0000 various semiotic modes in meaning making about sexual normativities (Motschenbacher\u0000 2019) in digital dating contexts, and considers how people navigating non-traditional relationship orientations\u0000 negotiate discourse in digital dating contexts to demonstrate how discourse and design have the ability to empower and marginalize\u0000 users (Sun 2020) as well maintain cultural norms (Wachter-Boettcher 2017) about emotional bonding and sexuality.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47513436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author of the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), dealt with “sodomites” twice in his masterpiece, once in Inferno and again in Purgatorio. In their examinations of the passage in Inferno, literary critics have typically conflated the modern-day definition of “homosexual” with the medieval “sodomite.” In order to see how Dante viewed non-normative sexuality accurately, however, it is necessary first to uncouple the medieval term “sodomite” from today’s term, “homosexual,” and to apply instead the medieval definition of the former. Numerous sources of Dante’s time indicate that “sodomy” did not mean, strictly speaking, same sex practices between men, but rather it encompassed a wide array of sexual activities. The same is probably true of the sodomites in Dante’s Inferno, some of whom might not have bedded other men. Examination of the passage in Purgatorio, moreover, indicates a greater degree of subtlety in Dante’s thought regarding non-normative sexual attraction.
{"title":"Sinful wives and queens","authors":"F. Alfie","doi":"10.1075/jls.19010.alf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.19010.alf","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The author of the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), dealt with “sodomites” twice in his\u0000 masterpiece, once in Inferno and again in Purgatorio. In their examinations of the passage in\u0000 Inferno, literary critics have typically conflated the modern-day definition of “homosexual” with the\u0000 medieval “sodomite.” In order to see how Dante viewed non-normative sexuality accurately, however, it is necessary first to\u0000 uncouple the medieval term “sodomite” from today’s term, “homosexual,” and to apply instead the medieval definition of the\u0000 former. Numerous sources of Dante’s time indicate that “sodomy” did not mean, strictly speaking, same sex practices between men,\u0000 but rather it encompassed a wide array of sexual activities. The same is probably true of the sodomites in Dante’s\u0000 Inferno, some of whom might not have bedded other men. Examination of the passage in\u0000 Purgatorio, moreover, indicates a greater degree of subtlety in Dante’s thought regarding non-normative\u0000 sexual attraction.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42047083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Same-sex relationships have, over time, stirred serious debates worldwide. Studies on same-sex sexualities in the Nigerian context have focused on its representation in Nollywood movies and other arguments centred on ethics, culture and religion, with little attention paid to how queer people are framed by the Nigerian media. This study, therefore, explores agency and processes in the representation of gay people in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers, in order to unearth how this social group is discursively constructed in the Nigerian context. Drawing on insights from Fairclough’s approach to critical discourse analysis and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, this study considers three popular Nigerian newspapers (Vanguard, Nigerian Tribune and The Punch) within three years (2013–2015, being the period of intense debate on the legalisation of the anti-gay bill in Nigeria). Results reveal that gay people are negatively evaluated as actors of negative material processes such as ‘murder’ and other violent actions, and goals of the actions of ‘arrests’ and ‘remands’, ideologically portraying them as criminals and dangerous. The study provides insight into the biased posturing of the Nigerian media on important social/national issues such as same-sex relationships.
{"title":"The discursive construction of gay people in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers","authors":"O. Adegbola","doi":"10.1075/jls.19009.ade","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.19009.ade","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Same-sex relationships have, over time, stirred serious debates worldwide. Studies on same-sex sexualities in the\u0000 Nigerian context have focused on its representation in Nollywood movies and other arguments centred on ethics, culture and\u0000 religion, with little attention paid to how queer people are framed by the Nigerian media. This study, therefore, explores agency\u0000 and processes in the representation of gay people in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers, in order to unearth how this\u0000 social group is discursively constructed in the Nigerian context. Drawing on insights from Fairclough’s approach to critical\u0000 discourse analysis and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, this study considers three popular Nigerian newspapers\u0000 (Vanguard, Nigerian Tribune and The Punch) within three years (2013–2015, being the period\u0000 of intense debate on the legalisation of the anti-gay bill in Nigeria). Results reveal that gay people are negatively evaluated as\u0000 actors of negative material processes such as ‘murder’ and other violent actions, and goals of the actions of ‘arrests’ and\u0000 ‘remands’, ideologically portraying them as criminals and dangerous. The study provides insight into the biased posturing of the\u0000 Nigerian media on important social/national issues such as same-sex relationships.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Paíz (2020): Queering the English Language Classroom: A Practical Guide for Teachers","authors":"Ashley Reilly-Thornton","doi":"10.1075/jls.00022.rei","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.00022.rei","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45464587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines Finnish online forum discussions where religion and discourses of ‘homosexuality’ are connected in various ways. Previous research (e.g. Jantunen 2018a) shows that in Finnish online discussions where sexual minorities are the topic, religion stands out as a significant feature – particularly in discourses on ‘homosexuality’. Via corpus-assisted discourse analysis (CADS), the present study adds to previous knowledge on this subject by qualitatively analyzing the occurrences of certain keywords in the Finnish societal context – one in which immigration and the visibility of both Islam and sexual minorities are perceived to have increased. The analysis found four interrelated key discourses in these online discussions: (1) Islamization as an alleged threat to gay people (in the data: ‘homosexuals’); (2) the alleged indifference/ignorance of people to Islam’s stance against sexual minorities; (3) relativist discourse(s) claiming all fundamentalists to be similar; and (4) othering – including for instance, the verbal stylization of Muslims as being particularly hypersexual.
{"title":"Online discourses of ‘homosexuality’ and religion","authors":"Jarmo Jantunen, Samu Kytölä","doi":"10.1075/jls.20011.jan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.20011.jan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines Finnish online forum discussions where religion and discourses of ‘homosexuality’ are\u0000 connected in various ways. Previous research (e.g. Jantunen 2018a) shows that in\u0000 Finnish online discussions where sexual minorities are the topic, religion stands out as a significant feature – particularly in\u0000 discourses on ‘homosexuality’. Via corpus-assisted discourse analysis (CADS), the present study adds to previous knowledge on this\u0000 subject by qualitatively analyzing the occurrences of certain keywords in the Finnish societal context – one in which immigration\u0000 and the visibility of both Islam and sexual minorities are perceived to have increased. The analysis found four interrelated key\u0000 discourses in these online discussions: (1) Islamization as an alleged threat to gay people (in the data: ‘homosexuals’); (2) the\u0000 alleged indifference/ignorance of people to Islam’s stance against sexual minorities; (3) relativist discourse(s) claiming all\u0000 fundamentalists to be similar; and (4) othering – including for instance, the verbal stylization of Muslims as being particularly\u0000 hypersexual.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41969866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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