‘New speakers’ refer to people who use a language regularly but are not traditional ‘native’ speakers of that language. Although this discussion has been going on for some time in other sub-disciplines of linguistics, it is more recent in research about European minoritised languages. A feature of discourse around such languages relates to their perceived suitability for diverse urban settings removed from their historical rural heartlands. Irish is an example of a minoritised language which was long associated with conservative rural communities, a reified Catholic discourse of national identity and language ideologies based on nativism. Such an approach not only marginalised urban new speakers of Irish but also exhibited hostility to LGBTQ citizens who did not befit its particular version of Irishness. In this paper, a framework of Critical Sociolinguistics is used to analyse identity positions and ideologies expressed by urban new speakers of Irish who identify as gay and/or queer.
{"title":"National identity and belonging among gay ‘new speakers’ of Irish","authors":"J. Walsh","doi":"10.1075/JLS.18008.WAL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JLS.18008.WAL","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 ‘New speakers’ refer to people who use a language regularly but are not traditional ‘native’ speakers of that\u0000 language. Although this discussion has been going on for some time in other sub-disciplines of linguistics, it is more recent in\u0000 research about European minoritised languages. A feature of discourse around such languages relates to their perceived suitability\u0000 for diverse urban settings removed from their historical rural heartlands. Irish is an example of a minoritised language which was\u0000 long associated with conservative rural communities, a reified Catholic discourse of national identity and language ideologies\u0000 based on nativism. Such an approach not only marginalised urban new speakers of Irish but also exhibited hostility to LGBTQ\u0000 citizens who did not befit its particular version of Irishness. In this paper, a framework of Critical Sociolinguistics is used to\u0000 analyse identity positions and ideologies expressed by urban new speakers of Irish who identify as gay and/or queer.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While recent work in sociophonetics has focused on the speech of gay men (Gaudio 1994; Podesva 2007; Podesva, Roberts & Campbell-Kibler 2002), lesbian women (Camp 2009; Van Borsel Vandaele & Corthals 2013), and transgender people (Zimman 2017a), the speech styles of asexual individuals remain understudied. This study analyzes an interview with a graysexual and homoromantic cisgender student at a research university in California, examining the segmental and prosodic characteristics of three voices he uses to construct and position his graysexual identity: a questioning voice, a judgmental voice, and a non-desiring voice. The analysis finds that the questioning voice is characterized by decreased speech rate, high F0, and modal phonation; the judgmental voice, by low F0; and the non-desiring voice, by low F0, narrow F0 range, low intensity, reduced gesture, flat facial expression, and a centralized vowel space. The results emphasize the importance of stylistic reticence to the construction of graysexuality.
{"title":"Performing graysexuality","authors":"J. Fine","doi":"10.1075/JLS.18003.COO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JLS.18003.COO","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While recent work in sociophonetics has focused on the speech of gay men (Gaudio 1994; Podesva 2007; Podesva, Roberts & Campbell-Kibler 2002), lesbian women (Camp 2009; Van Borsel Vandaele & Corthals 2013), and transgender people (Zimman 2017a), the speech styles of asexual individuals remain understudied. This study analyzes an\u0000 interview with a graysexual and homoromantic cisgender student at a research university in California, examining the segmental and\u0000 prosodic characteristics of three voices he uses to construct and position his graysexual identity: a questioning voice, a\u0000 judgmental voice, and a non-desiring voice. The analysis finds that the questioning voice is characterized by decreased speech\u0000 rate, high F0, and modal phonation; the judgmental voice, by low F0; and the non-desiring voice, by low F0, narrow F0 range, low\u0000 intensity, reduced gesture, flat facial expression, and a centralized vowel space. The results emphasize the importance of\u0000 stylistic reticence to the construction of graysexuality.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores a specific linguistic intervention ("mild to wild”) that occurs in online communication on gay internet hook up sites. It argues that despite supposed knowledge as to what “mild to wild” means, we must look at this linguistic intervention within specific socio-cultural contexts. Without context, the actual uses and meanings of “mild to wild” might be misunderstood while our knowledge of sexual communities of practice risks falling squarely into stereotypes. For this community of practice, “mild to wild” creates a linguistic opportunity for men interested in having sex with other men to be able to define their desires and further explicate how their sexual interaction will take place while also negotiating expectations and assumptions of male-male sex within increasingly homonormative strictures. Data was gathered from over four years of ethnographic research and is presented from a cultural and anthropological linguistics perspective. The phrase “mild to wild” is used by these men in order to: (1) contest supposed concrete categorizations of sexuality and desire; (2) to create highly contextual intimacies and organizations of desire through online-linguistic interaction; and (3) to alleviate detrimental social effects attached to specific unsafe and variant sex practices. The author argues that this community of practice is an example of how new socialities develop within homonormativities designed to control queer sex and desire.
{"title":"Hooking up mildly or wildly","authors":"Brian L. Adams-Thies","doi":"10.1075/JLS.17002.ADA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JLS.17002.ADA","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores a specific linguistic intervention (\"mild to wild”) that occurs in online communication on\u0000 gay internet hook up sites. It argues that despite supposed knowledge as to what “mild to wild” means, we must look at this\u0000 linguistic intervention within specific socio-cultural contexts. Without context, the actual uses and meanings of “mild to wild”\u0000 might be misunderstood while our knowledge of sexual communities of practice risks falling squarely into stereotypes. For this\u0000 community of practice, “mild to wild” creates a linguistic opportunity for men interested in having sex with other men to be able\u0000 to define their desires and further explicate how their sexual interaction will take place while also negotiating expectations and\u0000 assumptions of male-male sex within increasingly homonormative strictures. Data was gathered from over four years of ethnographic\u0000 research and is presented from a cultural and anthropological linguistics perspective. The phrase “mild to wild” is used by these\u0000 men in order to: (1) contest supposed concrete categorizations of sexuality and desire; (2) to create highly contextual intimacies\u0000 and organizations of desire through online-linguistic interaction; and (3) to alleviate detrimental social effects attached to\u0000 specific unsafe and variant sex practices. The author argues that this community of practice is an example of how new socialities\u0000 develop within homonormativities designed to control queer sex and desire.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45816123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper will analyze a series of qualitative interviews to better understand the selection and significance of gender identity-based terminology used by trans persons in the United Kingdom. An analysis of factors such as the perceived understanding of terminology available at a given historical moment (i.e. transgender, transman, trans, etc.), identity of interactors (i.e. trans or cis identified), and purpose of interaction (i.e. legal, medical) will be considered to better understand the terminology chosen by individuals to construct and communicate their gender identity in a way that has meaning both to themselves as well as to those with whom they are communicating. Analysis will help to develop a deeper understanding of the importance of terminology in how trans persons understand and communicate their gender identity.
{"title":"Communicating trans identity","authors":"J. Ryan","doi":"10.1075/JLS.19001.RYA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JLS.19001.RYA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will analyze a series of qualitative interviews to better understand the selection and significance of gender identity-based terminology used by trans persons in the United Kingdom. An analysis of factors such as the perceived understanding of terminology available at a given historical moment (i.e. transgender, transman, trans, etc.), identity of interactors (i.e. trans or cis identified), and purpose of interaction (i.e. legal, medical) will be considered to better understand the terminology chosen by individuals to construct and communicate their gender identity in a way that has meaning both to themselves as well as to those with whom they are communicating. Analysis will help to develop a deeper understanding of the importance of terminology in how trans persons understand and communicate their gender identity.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58770892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The representation of sex work in the media has received little to no attention in the field of linguistics and discourse analysis. Given that news discourse can have a huge impact on public opinions, ideologies and norms, and the setting of political agendas and policies (van Dijk 1989), the study adopts a Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis (CACDA) approach (Baker, Gabrielatos, KhosraviNik, Krzyżanowski, McEnery & Wodak 2008), seeking to explore whether journalists reproduce or challenge negative stereotypes vis-à-vis sex work. Examining 82 articles published in three Greek newspapers (Kathimerini, TA NEA, Efimerida ton Syntakton) in 2017, this paper considers the lexico-grammatical choices that are typically involved in the representation of sex work and sex workers in the Press. Drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics, the Discourse Historical Approach and corpus linguistics, the analysis links the textual findings (micro-level context) with the discourse practice context (meso-context) as well as the social context in which sex work occurs (macro-context). Findings illustrate that although sex work in Greece has been legalised for about two decades, traces of abolitionist discourses can be found in the Press, building barriers in the emancipatory efforts of sex workers who stand up for having equal civil and labour rights as their fellow citizens.
在语言学和话语分析领域，性工作在媒体中的表现几乎没有受到关注。鉴于新闻话语可以对公众舆论、意识形态和规范以及政治议程和政策的设定产生巨大影响(van Dijk 1989)，本研究采用语料库辅助批评话语分析(CACDA)方法(Baker, Gabrielatos, KhosraviNik, Krzyżanowski, McEnery & Wodak 2008)，试图探索记者是否复制或挑战对-à-vis性工作的负面刻板印象。本文研究了2017年在三家希腊报纸(Kathimerini, TA NEA, Efimerida ton Syntakton)上发表的82篇文章，研究了报刊上性工作和性工作者代表性的词汇语法选择。利用系统功能语言学、话语历史方法和语料库语言学，该分析将文本发现(微观层面语境)与话语实践语境(中观语境)以及性工作发生的社会语境(宏观语境)联系起来。调查结果表明，尽管性工作在希腊合法化已有20年，但在媒体上仍能找到废除主义言论的痕迹，这些言论为性工作者争取与其他公民一样享有平等的公民权利和劳动权利的解放努力设置了障碍。
{"title":"The representation of sex work in the Greek Press","authors":"Christos Sagredos","doi":"10.1075/JLS.18012.SAG","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JLS.18012.SAG","url":null,"abstract":"The representation of sex work in the media has received little to no attention in the field of linguistics and discourse analysis. Given that news discourse can have a huge impact on public opinions, ideologies and norms, and the setting of political agendas and policies (van Dijk 1989), the study adopts a Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis (CACDA) approach (Baker, Gabrielatos, KhosraviNik, Krzyżanowski, McEnery & Wodak 2008), seeking to explore whether journalists reproduce or challenge negative stereotypes vis-à-vis sex work. Examining 82 articles published in three Greek newspapers (Kathimerini, TA NEA, Efimerida ton Syntakton) in 2017, this paper considers the lexico-grammatical choices that are typically involved in the representation of sex work and sex workers in the Press. Drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics, the Discourse Historical Approach and corpus linguistics, the analysis links the textual findings (micro-level context) with the discourse practice context (meso-context) as well as the social context in which sex work occurs (macro-context). Findings illustrate that although sex work in Greece has been legalised for about two decades, traces of abolitionist discourses can be found in the Press, building barriers in the emancipatory efforts of sex workers who stand up for having equal civil and labour rights as their fellow citizens.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JLS.18012.SAG","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58770832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution focuses on the linguistic representation of transgender people in the British press, through the analysis of a corpus of newspaper articles collected between 2013 and 2015. Within the framework of Queer Linguistics and Corpus-based Discourse Analysis, this study analyses the linguistic choices retraceable in the corpus under investigation, conveying a given representation of transgender individuals as social subjects. The analysis focuses on naming strategies and the collective representation of transgender identities.
{"title":"Transgender identity labels in the British press","authors":"A. Zottola","doi":"10.1075/JLS.17017.ZOT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JLS.17017.ZOT","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This contribution focuses on the linguistic representation of transgender people in the British press, through the analysis of a\u0000 corpus of newspaper articles collected between 2013 and 2015. Within the framework of Queer Linguistics and Corpus-based Discourse\u0000 Analysis, this study analyses the linguistic choices retraceable in the corpus under investigation, conveying a given\u0000 representation of transgender individuals as social subjects. The analysis focuses on naming strategies and the collective\u0000 representation of transgender identities.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/JLS.17017.ZOT","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43547746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper I discuss the potential that corpus linguistics approaches have to make in terms of enabling research on language and sexuality. After giving some background relating to my involvement in the development of this approach and discussion of some of the benefits of using corpus linguistics, I then outline some potential areas for concern, including: misconceptions of the field as only quantitative, the danger of reading only concordance lines, over-reliance on the idea of removing bias, the tendency of corpus approaches to focus on difference or easily searchable features and issues with copyright and ethics. I then discuss potential future directions that the approach could take, focussing on work in non-western and non-English contexts, the development of new tools such as Lancsbox, and the integration of multimodal analyses, using examples from my own work and others.
{"title":"Language, sexuality and corpus linguistics","authors":"Jack Baker","doi":"10.1075/JLS.17018.BAK","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JLS.17018.BAK","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper I discuss the potential that corpus linguistics approaches have to make in terms of enabling research on language and\u0000 sexuality. After giving some background relating to my involvement in the development of this approach and discussion of some of\u0000 the benefits of using corpus linguistics, I then outline some potential areas for concern, including: misconceptions of the field\u0000 as only quantitative, the danger of reading only concordance lines, over-reliance on the idea of removing bias, the tendency of\u0000 corpus approaches to focus on difference or easily searchable features and issues with copyright and ethics. I then discuss\u0000 potential future directions that the approach could take, focussing on work in non-western and non-English contexts, the\u0000 development of new tools such as Lancsbox, and the integration of multimodal analyses, using examples from my own work and\u0000 others.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46430503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corpus Linguistics in Language and Sexuality Studies: Developments and Prospects","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/jls.7.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jls.7.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45112357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paradigmatic transgender woman is often negatively oversexualised, pornographised and fetishised in mainstream conceptualisations and discourses. However, self-sexualisation by transgender individuals is often portrayed as a (sex-)positive social phenomenon. Little research has been conducted that analyses the self-sexualisation strategies of the multiple instantiations of gender-variant identity, including transmasculine and non-binary social actors. This paper uses a corpus-informed socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse studies to identify differences between the self-sexualisation strategies and underpinning cognitive models of different gender-variant user-groups on Twitter. 2,565 users are coded into five categories: (1) transfeminine; (2) transmasculine; (3) transsexual; (4) transvestite; (5) non-binary. Findings show that transvestite- and transsexual-identifying users most closely fit the pornographised and fetishised conceptualisation, whilst non-binary users are the least self-sexualising user-group.
{"title":"“I wanna be a toy”","authors":"Lexi Webster","doi":"10.1075/JLS.17016.WEB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/JLS.17016.WEB","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paradigmatic transgender woman is often negatively oversexualised, pornographised and fetishised in mainstream\u0000 conceptualisations and discourses. However, self-sexualisation by transgender individuals is often portrayed as a (sex-)positive\u0000 social phenomenon. Little research has been conducted that analyses the self-sexualisation strategies of the multiple\u0000 instantiations of gender-variant identity, including transmasculine and non-binary social actors. This paper uses a corpus-informed\u0000 socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse studies to identify differences between the self-sexualisation strategies and\u0000 underpinning cognitive models of different gender-variant user-groups on Twitter. 2,565 users are coded into five categories: (1)\u0000 transfeminine; (2) transmasculine; (3) transsexual; (4) transvestite; (5) non-binary. Findings show that transvestite- and\u0000 transsexual-identifying users most closely fit the pornographised and fetishised conceptualisation, whilst non-binary users are the\u0000 least self-sexualising user-group.","PeriodicalId":36680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language and Sexuality","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46318612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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