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What Can Wojtyla’s Ethics Speak to the Abuse Crisis? 沃伊蒂拉的道德对性侵危机有何启示?
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1029
Rebecca Pawloski, A. Lind
In the face of the reality of myriad abuses that place the Church today in a deep moral and credibility crisis, we are not focused on what John Paul II may have done, by action or omission, in the exercise of the power he carried out in his ecclesiastical functions as a bishop, or even as pope. In this article, we focus only on Wojtyła, as a philosopher. We will examine how his phenomenology—if we can call it that—provides an ethics capable of making an important contribution to understanding that which constitutes abuse of a person, thus helping to define and prevent forms of exploitation and abuse. Taking Wojtyła’s notion of the person seriously will ground preventative practices in an approach which more fully corresponds to human maturation.
面对让今天的教会陷入深刻道德和信誉危机的无数滥用行为的现实,我们没有关注约翰·保罗二世(John Paul II)在行使他作为主教甚至教皇的教会职能时,可能通过行动或不作为做了什么。在本文中,我们只关注Wojtyła,作为一个哲学家。我们将研究他的现象学——如果我们可以称之为现象学的话——如何提供一种伦理学,能够对理解什么构成了对人的虐待做出重要贡献,从而帮助定义和防止各种形式的剥削和虐待。认真对待Wojtyła关于人的概念,将使预防性实践以一种更完全符合人类成熟的方法为基础。
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引用次数: 0
Koyré y Husserl: De las matemáticas a la fenomenología koyre和胡塞尔:从数学到现象学
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0851
Jimmy Hernández Marcelo
The phenomenological origins of the historian and epistemologist Alexandre Koyré are not entirely evident or sufficiently recognized by scholars interested in his thinking. The main aim of this paper is therefore to highlight the belonging of Koyré to the phenomenological movement and to establish lines of continuity between the investigations of Husserl and Koyré, namely mathematics and philosophy. The proposal is divided into two parts. First, on a biographical level, we reconstruct the formation of the young Koyré at the phenomenological school of Göttingen. Secondly, at the thematic level, we present some notions of continuity between Phenomenology and Koyré’s historical studies.
历史学家和认识论者Alexandre Koyré的现象学起源并不完全明显,也没有得到对其思想感兴趣的学者的充分认可。因此,本文的主要目的是强调科伊尔属于现象学运动,并在胡塞尔和科伊尔的研究之间建立连续性的界线,即数学和哲学。该提案分为两部分。首先,在传记层面上,我们重建了年轻的科伊尔在哥廷根现象学学派的形成。其次,在主题层面上,我们提出了现象学与柯历史研究之间的一些连续性概念。
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引用次数: 0
A Importância dos Modelos para o Florescimento Humano. O Contributo de Dietrich von Hildebrand 模型对人类开花的重要性。迪特里希·冯·希尔德布兰德的贡献
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0797
Eugénio Lopes
Today, more than ever, we talk constantly about a crisis of values. However, this crisis is also associated with the lack or rather the bad conception of models, the great promoters of values in societies. Thus, in this article, I intend to analyze the conception of a model, using, in particular, the thought of the realist phenomenologist, Dietrich von Hildebrand, and how it is important to guarantee human flourishing and social development. For this, I will initially distinguish two types of experiences in the human person. After that, I will analyze the values and primary vocation of every human person. Subsequently, I will approach the conception of the model and his influence on his follower. Then I’ll analyze the love relationship between the model and his follower. Finally, I will focus on the connection between religion and models.
今天,我们比以往任何时候都更频繁地谈论价值观危机。然而,这场危机也与模式的缺乏有关,或者更确切地说与模式的不良概念有关,模式是社会中价值观的伟大推动者。因此,在本文中,我打算分析模型的概念,特别是使用现实主义现象学家迪特里希·冯·希尔德布兰德的思想,以及它对保证人类繁荣和社会发展的重要性。为此,我将首先区分人类的两种体验。之后,我将分析每个人的价值观和基本使命。随后,我将探讨该模型的概念以及他对其追随者的影响。然后我将分析模特和他的追随者之间的爱情关系。最后,我将重点讨论宗教与模型之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Shestov, anti-discípulo de Husserl 谢斯托夫,反对胡塞尔的弟子
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0917
Ángel Viñas Vera
Shestov is at the beginning of the French reception of Husserl. The first criticism of his approach was made by the Russian thinker. He considered his master Husserl the greatest philosopher of his time and, paradoxically, claimed that he was wrong in his theory of truth. This research shows the relationship between Shestov and Husserl, the dialogues they had and the ideas they shared. In doing so, we show an atypical and heterodox Husserlian, an original philosopher who opened up lines of thought for those of us today who want to continue the dialogue with Husserl beyond Husserl. The idea of philosophy will be at the root of their encounters and disagreements. In it are concentrated capital themes of Husserlian thought such as truth, intuition and evidence. This research exposes the critical arguments of Shestov’s thought to Husserlian thought while recognising the audacity of the founder of phenomenology. Shestov’s dialogue with Husserl, or at least with what he considers to be Husserlian thought, enriches current debates on the relation between the real and the ideal, the genetic, intersubjectivity and the relation between the particular and the universal.
舍斯托夫是法国接受胡塞尔的开端。对他的方法的第一次批评是由这位俄罗斯思想家提出的。他认为他的大师胡塞尔是他那个时代最伟大的哲学家,矛盾的是,他声称自己的真理理论是错误的。这项研究展示了舍斯托夫和胡塞尔之间的关系,他们之间的对话以及他们共同的想法。在这样做的过程中,我们展示了一个非典型的、异端的胡塞尔主义者,一个独创的哲学家,他为我们今天那些希望在胡塞尔之外继续与胡塞尔对话的人开辟了思路。哲学思想将是他们遭遇和分歧的根源。它集中体现了胡塞尔思想的资本主题,如真理、直觉和证据。本研究揭示了舍斯托夫对胡塞尔思想的批判,同时也认识到现象学创始人的大胆。舍斯托夫与胡塞尔的对话,或者至少与他认为是胡塞尔思想的对话,丰富了当前关于真实与理想之间关系、遗传性、主体间性以及特定与普遍之间关系的辩论。
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引用次数: 0
La perception est-elle intentionnelle ? 感知是有意的吗?
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0647
Claude Romano
In this article, Claude Romano challenges one of the more widespread assumptions in the phenomenological school, and especially in Husserl and his disciples, that of the intentional character of perception. Not denying that perception could have some aspects that are intentional (it is linked to attention, it encapsulates sometimes beliefs that are intentional attitudes), he claims that perception is not an intentional relation to the world. Indeed, intentionality is a basic feature of mind that remains connected to a form of representationalism. Now, as Heidegger has suggested with his concept of In-der-Welt-sein, and as Erwin Straus and Maurice Merleau-Ponty also emphasized, perception is rather an innerently bodily relation to world itself, that is, to the world as it exists independently of the mind and beyond all representations. Only such an approach can do justice to our ordinary and philosophical intuitions about the perceived world, and lead us to a genuine variety of phenomenological realism.
在这篇文章中,克劳德·罗马诺挑战了现象学学派中,尤其是胡塞尔及其弟子中较为普遍的假设之一,即感知的意向性特征。他不否认知觉可能有某些方面是有意的(它与注意力有关,它包含了有时是有意态度的信念),他声称知觉不是与世界的有意关系。事实上,意向性是一种与表征主义相联系的心智的基本特征。现在,正如海德格尔所提出的“在-世界-存在”的概念,以及欧文·斯特劳斯和莫瑞斯·梅洛-庞蒂所强调的那样,知觉是与世界本身的一种内在的身体关系,也就是说,与世界的关系,因为它独立于精神而存在,超越一切表象。只有这样的方法才能公正地对待我们对感知世界的日常直觉和哲学直觉,并引导我们走向真正多样的现象学现实主义。
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引用次数: 0
Totalización y dialéctica: reflexión a partir de la historia de la ciencia en guerra fría
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_1133
Trujillo Bilbao Felipe
This paper discusses from what role a dialectical understanding can play for analyzing the case of “scientific developments in the cold war”, following Gabrielle Hecht’s book on the “technologies of empire” and how that narrative appealed to different situations in Latin America during the cold war (with the aeronautical development in Brasilia, for example). I will focus on the mechanisms that the text has to recognize the historical processes that accompany the production of that scientific knowledge, framed in a historical process that has the characteristics of a more complex historical event, such as the cold war. Afterwards, I Will focous on the philosophical implications of this matter. Specifically, I will first summarize some of the proposals for the relationship between the collective and the individual that exist in the different thinkers that we have reviewed. With this, I hope to generate a small framework of analysis to review how the case study I have selected is positioned in the historical explanation. The theoretical problem that underlies this reflection is in the diagnosis made by Emilia Viotti in her negative dialectic, and we take elements mainly from the historiographical proposal of E. P. Thompson and from the considerations on the method of Jean-Paul Sartre who marks history as the discipline in the best conditions to face the problem of totalization.
本文继加布里埃尔·赫克特(Gabrielle Hecht)关于“帝国的技术”的书之后,讨论了辩证理解在分析“冷战中的科学发展”案例中所起的作用,以及这种叙述如何在冷战期间吸引拉丁美洲的不同情况(例如巴西利亚的航空发展)。我将重点关注文本必须认识到伴随科学知识产生的历史过程的机制,这些历史过程具有更复杂的历史事件的特征,比如冷战。之后,我将集中讨论这个问题的哲学含义。具体来说,我将首先总结一些关于集体和个人之间关系的建议,这些建议存在于我们回顾过的不同思想家中。有了这个,我希望生成一个小的分析框架,来回顾我所选择的案例研究是如何在历史解释中定位的。这种反思背后的理论问题在于艾米莉亚·维奥蒂在她的否定辩证法中所做的诊断,我们主要从汤普森的史学建议和萨特对方法的思考中获得元素,萨特认为历史是面对总体化问题的最佳条件的学科。
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引用次数: 0
« Principe barbare » et « Il y a ». Lecture croisée : Merleau-Ponty et Levinas “野蛮原则”和“有”。交叉阅读:梅洛-庞蒂和列维纳斯
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0673
E. Falque
“The final task of phenomenology as a philosophy of consciousness,” Merleau-Ponty wrote, “is to understand its relationship with non-phenomenology. That which resists phenomenology in us – natural being, the ‘barbaric principle’ of which Schelling spoke – cannot remain extra-phenomenal and must have its place within it.” The barbaric principle (Schelling read by Merleau-Ponty), and the there is (the il y a of Levinas) – such is the confrontation that must be attempted here. Far from remaining simply pre-reflexive or presupposing the signified, the Nietzschean ‘abyss’ (Abgrund), even more radical than the Schellingian ‘groundless ground’ (Urgrund), is an invitation for us today to probe what could also stand ‘outside the phenomenon’ (hors-phénomène).
“现象学作为一种意识哲学的最终任务,”梅洛-庞蒂写道,“是理解它与非现象学的关系。在我们身上抵制现象学的东西——自然存在,谢林所说的‘野蛮原则’——不能保持超现象性,必须在其中占有一席之地。”,这就是(列维纳斯的故事)——这就是必须在这里尝试的对抗。尼采的“深渊”(Abgrund)远不是简单的前反射性或预设所指,甚至比Schellingian的“毫无根据的理由”(Urgrund)更激进,它邀请我们今天探索“现象之外”(hors phénomène)的东西。
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引用次数: 0
Ego na fenomenologia. Crítica de Sartre ao Ego transcendental de Husserl 现象学中的自我。萨特对胡塞尔超越自我的批判
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0985
P. Dias
This study approach the critique of the transcendental ego in phenomenology in La transcendance de l’Ego, where Sartre confronts the “consistency” of a psychic and psychophysical ego. The research is directed towards understanding how a consciousness that does not have, a priori, any egological structure ends up, as “artificial functionality” and “in interiority”, constituting it as an “object”, to then identify with him, affirming himself as being him, in a sui generis relationship of «identity and indistinction». Therefore, throughout the reflection, as he reveals what he claims to be a «pre-personal» character of consciousness, the philosopher questions the reason for this movement by which it ends up «reifying», identifying itself with the psychic ego which it itself constitutes as a transcendent object. The aim here is to approach the existential inferences – not subscribed by the reasoning that is developed –, of Sartre when he concludes that this ego is a «product» of the conscience itself, which constitutes it, projects itself and identifies with it as a subterfuge to escape its full spontaneity and freedom that are a reason for her anguish. In this context, it is thought that, due to the “doxic character” they contain, all existential positions cannot be confirmed in the light of transcendental phenomenology. The egological approach to subjectivity in Husserl’s phenomenology is considered to be a continuous process of self-appropriating unfolding. However, this does not imply an undue multiplication of “I’s”, but refers, above all, to “modalities” of a consciousness that unfolds in a multiplicity of acts and subjects.
本研究在《自我的超越》一书中对现象学中的超越自我进行了批判,萨特在这本书中直面了心理自我和心理物理自我的“一致性”。这项研究旨在理解一种先验没有任何自我结构的意识是如何最终成为“人造功能”和“内在性”的,将其构成一个“对象”,然后在“同一性和不可区分性”的独特关系中认同他,确认自己是他。因此,在整个反思过程中,当哲学家揭示他所声称的意识的“前个人”特征时,他质疑这场运动的原因,通过这场运动,意识最终“物化”,将自己与精神自我认同,而精神自我本身就是一个超验的对象。这里的目的是接近萨特的存在主义推论——没有得到所发展的推理的支持——当他得出结论,这个自我是良知本身的“产物”时,良知本身构成了它,投射了它自己,并将它视为逃避其全部自发性和自由的诡计,而这正是她痛苦的原因。在这种背景下,人们认为,由于它们所包含的“多克斯性”,所有存在的立场都无法在先验现象学的视野中得到证实。胡塞尔现象学中对主体性的利己主义方法被认为是一个不断自我挪用的展开过程。然而,这并不意味着“我”的过度乘法,而是最重要的是,指在多种行为和主体中展开的意识的“模式”。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting Reinach and the Early Husserl For a Phenomenology of Communication 为《传播现象学》重新审视莱纳赫和早期胡塞尔
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0771
Pedro M. S. Alves
In this article, I start with an analysis of Husserl’s description of the intentional structure of communicative intentions in the Logical Investigations, pointing to some obvious shortcomings of it. Then, I stress some important criticisms of Husserl’s approach, namely by Pfänder, and I endeavor to show that Husserl was very close to a full-fledged theory of communicative intentions in the years around 1910. I then turn to Reinach’s theory of social acts, without deciding whether Reinach’s approach was dependent or not on Husserl’s new views concerning the intentionality of communicative acts. Regarding Reinach’s theory of the Vernehmung, I criticize a widespread trend to construe (and translate) it as something like a perception (Wahrnehmung), showing that it expresses what I call the “vocative element” of the communicative acts. Then, I point to some complements that Reinach’s description is in need, and I finish with an outline of a phenomenologically oriented concept of communication, based on Husserl’s and Reinach’s insights.
本文首先分析了胡塞尔在《逻辑调查》中对交际意图的意向结构的描述,指出了其明显的不足,我试图证明胡塞尔在1910年前后已经非常接近于一个完整的交际意图理论。然后我转向Reinach的社会行为理论,而没有决定Reinach方法是否依赖于胡塞尔关于交际行为意向性的新观点。关于Reinach的Vernehmung理论,我批评了一种普遍的趋势,即将其解释(和翻译)为一种感知(Wahrnehmung),表明它表达了我所说的交际行为的“呼性元素”。然后,我指出Reinach的描述是必要的,并在胡塞尔和Reinach见解的基础上,概述了一个现象学导向的传播概念。
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引用次数: 2
Como Husserl chegou ao idealismo transcendental? Uma leitura de Roman Ingarden 胡塞尔是如何达到先验唯心主义的?阅读罗曼·英加登
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.17990/rpf/2022_78_3_0757
E. Dourado
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia
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