Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering最新文献

英文中文

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100617

Vedat Cicek, Ulas Bagci

Eye-tracking technology has a strong potential to transform diagnostic medicine and medical education, yet its applications in cardiovascular medicine remain limited. In this study, we present evidence demonstrating how eye-tracking can enhance diagnostic accuracy and procedural proficiency in cardiology. Quantitative analysis of visual attention patterns during electrocardiogram interpretation, cardiac imaging assessment, and interventional procedures reveals distinct scan paths between expert cardiologists and trainees. Integration of eye-tracking metrics in cardiovascular training programs facilitates rapid skill development and enables objective competency assessment. Real-time analysis of eye movements during cardiac interventions can improve procedural accuracy and reduce complications. These findings establish eye-tracking as an essential tool for advancing cardiovascular medicine through improved diagnostics, procedural outcomes, and evidence-based education. We provide a systematic framework for implementing eye-tracking in clinical cardiology and identify critical research priorities, presenting our vision for the future integration of this technology in cardiology practice.

眼动追踪技术在改变诊断医学和医学教育方面具有巨大潜力，但其在心血管医学中的应用仍然有限。在本研究中，我们提出证据证明眼动追踪可以提高心脏病学诊断的准确性和程序熟练程度。在心电图解释、心脏成像评估和介入治疗过程中，对视觉注意模式的定量分析揭示了心脏病专家和受训者之间不同的扫描路径。在心血管训练项目中集成眼动追踪指标有助于快速技能发展和实现客观能力评估。实时分析心脏介入手术过程中的眼球运动可以提高手术的准确性，减少并发症。这些发现确立了眼动追踪是通过改进诊断、程序结果和循证教育来推进心血管医学的重要工具。我们为在临床心脏病学中实施眼动追踪提供了一个系统的框架，并确定了关键的研究重点，展示了我们对未来将这项技术整合到心脏病学实践中的愿景。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering the NET-biomaterial interface to treat disease 设计net生物材料界面来治疗疾病

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100629

Preethi Raghavan , Chinekwu Nwagwu , Joel A. Finbloom , Tejal A. Desai

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are matrices composed of DNA and antimicrobial proteins that are released from neutrophils to entrap and degrade pathogens. Overproduction of these biological networks can induce hyperinflammation in infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders and exacerbate cancer metastasis formation. Systemic administration of immunosuppressive therapeutics and NET-degrading drugs can have adverse side effects, underscoring the importance of creating controlled release formulations to target NETs. In this review, we discuss the NET-biomaterial interface for drug delivery to address infection, inflammation, and cancer. First, we examine how drug delivery platforms can be engineered for localized delivery of NET-modulating or NET-degrading drugs. Then, we consider a class of NET-inspired materials that can replicate NET function and pathogen degradation without triggering downstream hyperinflammation. Finally, we discuss current challenges in the field and how biomaterials can be further developed to elucidate fundamental insights on NET biology and target NET dysregulation in various disease states.

中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱（NETs）是由DNA和抗菌蛋白组成的基质，它们从中性粒细胞中释放出来，以捕获和降解病原体。这些生物网络的过度产生可以诱导感染性疾病和自身免疫性疾病的过度炎症，并加剧癌症转移的形成。全身施用免疫抑制疗法和net降解药物可能会产生不良副作用，这强调了创建针对net的控释制剂的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于治疗感染、炎症和癌症的net生物材料界面。首先，我们研究了如何设计药物递送平台来局部递送net调节或net降解药物。然后，我们考虑一类NET启发材料，它可以复制NET功能和病原体降解，而不会引发下游的过度炎症。最后，我们讨论了该领域当前面临的挑战，以及如何进一步开发生物材料，以阐明NET生物学的基本见解，并针对各种疾病状态下的NET失调。

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引用次数: 0

Cellular mechanoactivation of antigen-presenting cells and T cells for cancer immunotherapy 肿瘤免疫治疗中抗原提呈细胞和T细胞的细胞机械活化

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100619

Davoud Ghazanfari , Liqin Ren , Melissa S. Cantú, Michael R. King

Cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals through mechanotransduction, a process that has emerged as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Mechanical forces alter extracellular protein conformation, particularly mechanosensitive ion channels, leading to Ca²⁺ influx and subsequent cascades of events that modulate cellular function and behavior. Recent discoveries indicate the potential of mechanotransduction as a novel approach for enhancing immune cell activation in cancer treatment modalities. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells have become the focus of novel approaches to combat cancer. While current clinical ex vivo methods for APC activation often demonstrate limited efficiency, mechanotransduction techniques demonstrate remarkable potential for dramatically enhancing APC activation, potentially leading to improved therapeutic outcomes. Researchers have explored the mechanosensitivity of T cells to enhance CAR T therapy's specificity and controllability. Additionally, scientists have mechanically activated cancer cells engineered to express priming antigens, which are critical for synthetic Notch (SynNotch) CAR T cell therapy. Among the various mechanotransduction stimuli, fluid shear stress (FSS) and ultrasound have emerged as new and effective approaches for immune cell activation. This article reviews the latest discoveries in the mechanoactivation of APCs, T cells, and engineered CAR T cells utilizing FSS and ultrasound.

细胞通过机械转导将机械刺激转化为生化信号，这一过程已成为癌症免疫治疗的一种有前途的方法。机械力改变细胞外蛋白质构象，特别是机械敏感离子通道，导致Ca2+内流和随后的级联事件，调节细胞功能和行为。最近的发现表明，机械转导作为一种增强癌症治疗方式中免疫细胞激活的新方法的潜力。抗原呈递细胞（APCs）和T细胞已经成为对抗癌症的新方法的焦点。虽然目前的临床体外APC激活方法通常效率有限，但机械转导技术显示出显著增强APC激活的显着潜力，可能会改善治疗结果。研究人员探索了T细胞的机械敏感性，以增强CAR - T疗法的特异性和可控性。此外，科学家们已经机械激活了癌细胞来表达启动抗原，这对于合成Notch (SynNotch) CAR - T细胞治疗至关重要。在各种机械转导刺激中，流体剪切应力（FSS）和超声已经成为免疫细胞激活的新的有效方法。本文综述了利用FSS和超声对APCs、T细胞和工程化CAR - T细胞进行机械激活的最新发现。

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引用次数: 0

Green nano-semiconductors and nanometals to avert complex phenomena of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) 绿色纳米半导体和纳米金属避免抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的复杂现象

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100626

Amrindra Pal , Harsh Sable , Arun Uniyal , Vishal Chaudhary

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a silent pandemic in the lens of One Health, which is impacting current global healthcare facilities/therapeutics and the environment. AMR is a complex system in which clinical misuse/overuse of antibiotics, environmental contamination, and microbial evolution form a dynamic/adaptive network of resistance propagation for conventional antibiotics, requiring urgent alternatives. This opinion highlights the potential of green-synthesised nano-semiconductors/nanometals (GNSS/GNMS) fabricated using biochemicals procured from plants, microbes, waste/green solvents, to combat AMR. They exhibit multifaceted antimicrobial mechanisms, including oxidative stress induction, membrane disruption, metal ion release, biofilm inhibition, quorum sensing interference, and antibiotic synergism. Moreover, they demonstrated transformative potential in diagnostics, wound healing, agriculture, and wastewater remediation owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties, including band-gap tunability, biocompatibility and low toxicity. The challenges, like synthesis variability and standardisation, that restrict their commercial adaptability are discussed with alternatives to establish them as sustainable solutions to AMR, considering the UN's SDGs.

在“同一个健康”的视角下，抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是一种无声的大流行，正在影响当前的全球卫生保健设施/治疗方法和环境。抗生素耐药性是一个复杂的系统，其中临床滥用/过度使用抗生素、环境污染和微生物进化形成了常规抗生素耐药性传播的动态/适应性网络，需要紧急替代。这一观点强调了绿色合成纳米半导体/纳米金属（GNSS/GNMS）的潜力，这些纳米半导体/纳米金属使用从植物、微生物、废物/绿色溶剂中获取的生化物质来制造，以对抗抗生素耐药性。它们表现出多方面的抗菌机制，包括氧化应激诱导、膜破坏、金属离子释放、生物膜抑制、群体感应干扰和抗生素协同作用。此外，由于其特殊的物理化学性质，包括带隙可调性、生物相容性和低毒性，它们在诊断、伤口愈合、农业和废水修复方面显示出变革潜力。考虑到联合国的可持续发展目标，讨论了限制其商业适应性的挑战，如合成可变性和标准化，以及将其作为AMR可持续解决方案的替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Organoid bioprinting to pattern the matrix microenvironment 类器官生物打印以模拟基质微环境

IF 4.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100607

Daiyao Zhang , Carla Huerta-López , Sarah C. Heilshorn

The development of organoid cultures has propelled the fields of cell biology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine forward. These cultures better mimic in vivo tissue structure and function compared to 2D cell culture; however, organoids are limited in size and do not inherently allow precise control over tissue architecture and cell heterogeneity. Hand-wrought organoid biofabrication approaches enable the production of larger and more complex tissues, but they still lack reproducible control of spatiotemporal tissue patterns. In contrast, bioprinting is a collection of machine-wrought technologies that are emerging as powerful tools in tissue engineering and disease modeling, but have not yet been widely applied to organoids. When combined with advances in biomaterials science, bioprinting offers the possibility to control spatiotemporal cellular and microenvironmental features. The interactions between biomaterial inks, support baths, and embedded cells provide the opportunity to guide the maturation and functionality of engineered tissues. This review describes how recent advances in organoid technology, bioprinting, and biomaterials science can be integrated to achieve spatiotemporal patterning of four aspects of the microenvironment: matrix structure and mechanics, matrix ligands and morphogens, co-culture of multiple cell types, and incorporation of vasculature. These insights underscore the potential for organoid bioprinting to advance the fabrication of in vitro tissue mimics for applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.

类器官培养的发展推动了细胞生物学、组织工程和再生医学领域的发展。与二维细胞培养相比，这些培养物能更好地模拟体内组织结构和功能；然而，类器官在大小上是有限的，并且不允许对组织结构和细胞异质性进行精确控制。手工制作的类器官生物制造方法能够生产更大、更复杂的组织，但它们仍然缺乏对时空组织模式的可重复性控制。相比之下，生物打印是一种机器制造技术的集合，它正在成为组织工程和疾病建模的强大工具，但尚未广泛应用于类器官。当与生物材料科学的进步相结合时，生物打印提供了控制时空细胞和微环境特征的可能性。生物材料墨水、支撑液和嵌入细胞之间的相互作用为指导工程组织的成熟和功能提供了机会。本文介绍了如何将类器官技术、生物打印和生物材料科学的最新进展整合起来，以实现微环境的四个方面的时空模式：基质结构和力学、基质配体和形态原、多种细胞类型的共培养以及血管系统的整合。这些发现强调了类器官生物打印技术在药物筛选、疾病建模和再生医学中促进体外组织模拟制造的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advancements and applications of physics-informed machine learning in biomedical research 基于物理的机器学习在生物医学研究中的最新进展和应用

IF 4.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100612

Valentina Roquemen-Echeverri, Clara Mosquera-Lopez

Physics-informed machine learning (PIML) has emerged as a promising approach to modeling complex biomedical systems by integrating underlying biophysical laws with data-driven methods. Neural networks, particularly deep networks, are powerful data-driven function approximators that provide a flexible, scalable, and efficient framework for PIML, enabling the development of models with improved accuracy, interpretability, and robustness. This review examines recent advancements and applications of PIML in key biomedical domains where neural networks have been employed. We discuss core PIML techniques (i.e. physics-informed neural networks, constitutive artificial neural networks, and neural ordinary differential equations) for embedding physics into ML models and their applications in cardiology, oncology, radiology, and endocrinology, among other fields. By synthesizing recent progress and emerging applications from the scientific literature, we aim to highlight the potential of PIML in advancing both fundamental and translational research in biomedical engineering.

基于物理的机器学习（PIML）通过将潜在的生物物理定律与数据驱动的方法相结合，已经成为一种有前途的复杂生物医学系统建模方法。神经网络，特别是深度网络，是强大的数据驱动函数逼近器，为PIML提供了灵活、可扩展和高效的框架，使模型的开发具有更高的准确性、可解释性和鲁棒性。本文综述了PIML在神经网络应用的关键生物医学领域的最新进展和应用。我们讨论了将物理嵌入到ML模型中的核心PIML技术（即物理信息神经网络，本构人工神经网络和神经常微分方程）及其在心脏病学，肿瘤学，放射学和内分泌学等领域的应用。通过综合科学文献的最新进展和新兴应用，我们的目标是突出PIML在推进生物医学工程基础研究和转化研究方面的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Editorial overview: Current perspectives in bioelectronic medicine: Mechanisms, technologies, and clinical frontiers 编辑概述：生物电子医学的当前观点：机制、技术和临床前沿

IF 4.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100610

Tracy Cui, Douglas J. Weber

引用次数: 0

Nanomechanics at the extracellular matrix-focal adhesion interface 细胞外基质-黏附界面的纳米力学

IF 4.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100599

Rafael Tapia-Rojo , Sergi Garcia-Manyes

The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a crucial role in regulating fundamental cellular processes, including migration, development, and proliferation. Cells generate pulling forces on the ECM, while simultaneously, focal adhesions experience the mechanical cues transmitted from the ECM. However, the molecular mechanisms that enable cells to sense and adapt to their mechanical environment remain poorly understood. Advances in intracellular and extracellular tension sensors have enabled the quantification of the physiologically relevant forces at play, which trigger conformational changes in the involved proteins that can be tracked with single-molecule in vitro techniques. From early AFM experiments focused on stiff ECM proteins like tenascin and fibronectin to recent magnetic tweezers studies of mechanically labile focal adhesion proteins, such as talin and vinculin, we are progressively elucidating the physicochemical principles underlying force-sensing processes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the study of the nanomechanics of ECM and focal adhesion proteins, highlighting how molecular-scale mechanics drive complex mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes at the cellular level.

细胞外基质（extracellular matrix， ECM）的力学特性在调节细胞迁移、发育和增殖等基本过程中起着至关重要的作用。细胞在ECM上产生拉力，同时，局灶性粘连体会到来自ECM的机械信号。然而，使细胞感知和适应其机械环境的分子机制仍然知之甚少。细胞内和细胞外张力传感器的进步已经能够量化生理上相关的作用力，这些作用力触发了相关蛋白质的构象变化，这些变化可以用体外单分子技术进行跟踪。从早期的AFM实验集中在僵硬的ECM蛋白，如腱蛋白和纤维连接蛋白，到最近的磁镊子研究机械不稳定的黏着蛋白，如talin和vinculin，我们正在逐步阐明力传感过程的物理化学原理。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了ECM和黏附蛋白的纳米力学研究的最新进展，重点介绍了分子尺度力学如何在细胞水平上驱动复杂的机械传感和机械转导过程。

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引用次数: 0

Diversity in a dish: Leveraging organoids to reflect genetic ancestry and sex differences in health and disease 培养皿中的多样性：利用类器官来反映健康和疾病的遗传血统和性别差异

IF 4.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100592

Fadoua El Abdellaoui Soussi , Francesco Piraino , Janine Scholefield , Sylke Hoehnel-Ka , Magdalena Kasendra

The interplay between genetic ancestry and biological sex is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing health outcomes, treatment efficacy, and drug toxicity. Current research highlights significant disparities in disease susceptibility and therapeutic responses across different ancestral groups and sexes, with underrepresentation of diverse populations in genomic studies impeding progress. Most Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) remain predominantly European, hindering the development of accurate polygenic risk scores (PRS). Additionally, sex-related differences in drug metabolism, immune response, and disease prevalence necessitate sex-stratified analyses. This review underscores the potential of advanced in vitro models, particularly human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and adult stem cell-derived organoids, to bridge these gaps by providing platforms that reflect human genetic diversity and facilitate high-throughput screening. By integrating diverse genetic data and leveraging donor/population-specific organoid models’ researchers can uncover critical genotype-phenotype associations that enhance understanding of health disparities and improve pharmacogenomic applications. To increase reproducibility and throughput, standardized protocols, implementing automation, and employing organoid arrays along with well-controlled pooled populations can streamline workflows and enhance repeatability across studies and geographies. This approach fosters personalized medicine aimed at optimizing treatment efficacy and reducing adverse reactions across diverse populations, promoting equitable healthcare outcomes.

遗传祖先和生物性别之间的相互作用越来越被认为是影响健康结果、治疗效果和药物毒性的关键因素。目前的研究强调了不同祖先群体和性别在疾病易感性和治疗反应方面的重大差异，基因组研究中不同人群的代表性不足阻碍了进展。大多数全基因组关联研究（GWAS）仍然以欧洲为主，阻碍了准确的多基因风险评分（PRS）的发展。此外，药物代谢、免疫反应和疾病患病率的性别相关差异需要进行性别分层分析。这篇综述强调了先进的体外模型的潜力，特别是人类多能干细胞（hPSCs）和成人干细胞衍生的类器官，通过提供反映人类遗传多样性和促进高通量筛选的平台来弥补这些差距。通过整合不同的遗传数据和利用供体/群体特异性类器官模型，研究人员可以发现关键的基因型-表型关联，从而增强对健康差异的理解并改善药物基因组学应用。为了提高可重复性和吞吐量，标准化协议、实施自动化、使用类器官阵列以及良好控制的汇集人群可以简化工作流程，提高跨研究和地域的可重复性。这种方法促进个性化医疗，旨在优化治疗效果，减少不同人群的不良反应，促进公平的医疗保健结果。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanosensing pathways in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis 肺纤维化进展中的机械传感途径

IF 4.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100598

Elisa B. Nieves , Andrés J. García

Fibrotic diseases are characterized by the excess production of extracellular matrix components that leads to changes in tissue mechanics and function. Mechanosensing altered during the onset of pulmonary fibrosis is hypothesized to form a positive-feedback loop that contributes to the progression of the disease. However, the exact mechanism(s) leading to fibrotic tissue remodeling as opposed to homeostatic tissue remodeling remains unknown. The development of innovative laboratory models of pulmonary fibrosis has facilitated mechanistic studies of pathogenic mechanosensing and identified new anti-fibrotic candidates. This brief review will cover recent (<5 years) publications that explore mechanotransduction pathways contributing to the development of pulmonary fibrosis and innovative laboratory models that can advance the field.

纤维化疾病的特点是细胞外基质成分的过量产生，导致组织力学和功能的变化。假设在肺纤维化发病期间机械感知改变形成一个促进疾病进展的正反馈循环。然而，导致纤维化组织重塑而非稳态组织重塑的确切机制尚不清楚。创新的肺纤维化实验室模型的发展促进了病原力学传感的机制研究，并确定了新的抗纤维化候选物。这篇简短的综述将涵盖最近（5年）关于探索促进肺纤维化发展的机械转导途径和创新实验室模型的出版物，这些出版物可以推动该领域的发展。

引用次数: 0

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