Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100577
Liam A. Matthews , Scott F. Lempka
Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Bioelectronic treatments for chronic pain are a class of therapies that apply electrical or magnetic stimuli to the nervous system to mitigate pain. In light of the opioid crisis, these strategies have garnered significant investment in recent years due to their ability to provide non-addictive pain relief. Despite remarkable success in some patients, the majority of bioelectronic approaches are typically recommended as a last-resort therapy due to their high cost, invasiveness, and limited evidence of long-term efficacy. Furthermore, these therapies are not a panacea for many patients, often providing clinically meaningful, but incomplete pain relief. Thus, there is substantial room for improvement and innovation to both increase therapeutic efficacy and develop novel strategies and devices that enable utilization of bioelectronic therapies earlier in the chronic pain treatment continuum. Here, we review recent advances to bioelectronic treatments for chronic pain.
{"title":"Bioelectronic therapies for chronic pain","authors":"Liam A. Matthews , Scott F. Lempka","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Bioelectronic treatments for chronic pain are a class of therapies that apply electrical or magnetic stimuli to the nervous system to mitigate pain. In light of the opioid crisis, these strategies have garnered significant investment in recent years due to their ability to provide non-addictive pain relief. Despite remarkable success in some patients, the majority of bioelectronic approaches are typically recommended as a last-resort therapy due to their high cost, invasiveness, and limited evidence of long-term efficacy. Furthermore, these therapies are not a panacea for many patients, often providing clinically meaningful, but incomplete pain relief. Thus, there is substantial room for improvement and innovation to both increase therapeutic efficacy and develop novel strategies and devices that enable utilization of bioelectronic therapies earlier in the chronic pain treatment continuum. Here, we review recent advances to bioelectronic treatments for chronic pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100576
Allan Sun , Arian Nasser , Nicole Alexis Yap , Rui Gao , Lining Arnold Ju
Arterial thrombosis remains a significant global health concern, with shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) playing a crucial role. This review focuses on the integration of three key engineering approaches—Computational Modeling Microfluidics and Mechanobiology (3 M)—in understanding and combating high-shear thrombosis. We discuss the biomechanical mechanisms of SIPA, highlighting how platelet mechanoreceptors and von Willebrand factor interactions drive thrombosis under pathological flow conditions. Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD), key hemodynamic metrics including time-averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, and relative residence time have been developed to predict thrombosis risk. Microfluidic platforms, ranging from straight channels to stenotic geometries, provide insights into platelet behavior under various shear conditions while enabling rapid screening of antithrombotic therapies. The integration of these experimental approaches with CFD analysis offers powerful tools for predicting thrombosis risk and optimizing device designs, particularly in mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs). Recent advances in mechanobiology have revealed how mechanical forces trigger cellular responses through membrane damage and mechanosensitive channels, offering new therapeutic targets. This review underscores how the synergy between these 3 M engineering approaches advances our understanding of the complex interplay between hemodynamics and thrombosis, paving the way for improved antithrombotic therapies and medical device designs essential to optimizing MCSDs, such as left ventricular assist devices and extracorporeal membrane oxygenators.
{"title":"3M engineering approaches to combat high-shear thrombosis: Integrating modeling, microfluidics, and mechanobiology","authors":"Allan Sun , Arian Nasser , Nicole Alexis Yap , Rui Gao , Lining Arnold Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arterial thrombosis remains a significant global health concern, with shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) playing a crucial role. This review focuses on the integration of three key engineering approaches—Computational Modeling Microfluidics and Mechanobiology (3 M)—in understanding and combating high-shear thrombosis. We discuss the biomechanical mechanisms of SIPA, highlighting how platelet mechanoreceptors and von Willebrand factor interactions drive thrombosis under pathological flow conditions. Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD), key hemodynamic metrics including time-averaged wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, and relative residence time have been developed to predict thrombosis risk. Microfluidic platforms, ranging from straight channels to stenotic geometries, provide insights into platelet behavior under various shear conditions while enabling rapid screening of antithrombotic therapies. The integration of these experimental approaches with CFD analysis offers powerful tools for predicting thrombosis risk and optimizing device designs, particularly in mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs). Recent advances in mechanobiology have revealed how mechanical forces trigger cellular responses through membrane damage and mechanosensitive channels, offering new therapeutic targets. This review underscores how the synergy between these 3 M engineering approaches advances our understanding of the complex interplay between hemodynamics and thrombosis, paving the way for improved antithrombotic therapies and medical device designs essential to optimizing MCSDs, such as left ventricular assist devices and extracorporeal membrane oxygenators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100575
Alex Baldwin , Gregory States , Victor Pikov , Pallavi Gunalan , Sahar Elyahoodayan , Kevin Kilgore , Ellis Meng
Bioelectronic medicine is a growing field which involves directly interfacing with the vagus, sacral, enteric, and other autonomic nerves to treat conditions. Therapies based on bioelectronic medicine could address previously intractable diseases and provide an alternative to pharmaceuticals. However, translating a bioelectronic medicine therapy to the clinic requires overcoming several challenges, including titrating stimulation parameters to an individual's physiology, selectively stimulating target nerves without inducing off-target activation or block, and improving accessibility to clinically approved devices. This review describes recent progress towards solving these problems, including advances in mapping and characterizing the human autonomic nervous system, new sensor technology and signal processing techniques to enable closed-loop therapies, new methods for selectively stimulating autonomic nerves without inducing off-target effects, and efforts to develop open-source implantable devices. Recent commercial successes in bringing bioelectronic medicine therapies to the clinic are highlighted showing how addressing these challenges can lead to novel therapies.
{"title":"Recent advances in facilitating the translation of bioelectronic medicine therapies","authors":"Alex Baldwin , Gregory States , Victor Pikov , Pallavi Gunalan , Sahar Elyahoodayan , Kevin Kilgore , Ellis Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioelectronic medicine is a growing field which involves directly interfacing with the vagus, sacral, enteric, and other autonomic nerves to treat conditions. Therapies based on bioelectronic medicine could address previously intractable diseases and provide an alternative to pharmaceuticals. However, translating a bioelectronic medicine therapy to the clinic requires overcoming several challenges, including titrating stimulation parameters to an individual's physiology, selectively stimulating target nerves without inducing off-target activation or block, and improving accessibility to clinically approved devices. This review describes recent progress towards solving these problems, including advances in mapping and characterizing the human autonomic nervous system, new sensor technology and signal processing techniques to enable closed-loop therapies, new methods for selectively stimulating autonomic nerves without inducing off-target effects, and efforts to develop open-source implantable devices. Recent commercial successes in bringing bioelectronic medicine therapies to the clinic are highlighted showing how addressing these challenges can lead to novel therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial scaffolds are indispensable tools in unraveling the complexity of mechanobiology under controlled conditions. Recent breakthroughs in microfabrication techniques for biological applications have revolutionized the field, enabling well-defined features that span from the subcellular to the multicellular scale. These methods particularly allow for unprecedented control of cell stimulation. This review will showcase research that combines such scaffolds with various stimulation techniques: mechanical stimulation, actuation by magnetic or electric fields, chemical stimulation, or manipulation by light. Additionally, it will introduce passive scaffolds that are actuated by the cells themselves. These systems help to understand forces applied by the cells to their environment and pave the way toward dynamic biohybrid, cell-based systems.
{"title":"3D fabrication of artificial cell microenvironments for mechanobiology","authors":"Annabelle Sonn , Caterina Tomba , Christine Selhuber-Unkel , Barbara Schamberger","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial scaffolds are indispensable tools in unraveling the complexity of mechanobiology under controlled conditions. Recent breakthroughs in microfabrication techniques for biological applications have revolutionized the field, enabling well-defined features that span from the subcellular to the multicellular scale. These methods particularly allow for unprecedented control of cell stimulation. This review will showcase research that combines such scaffolds with various stimulation techniques: mechanical stimulation, actuation by magnetic or electric fields, chemical stimulation, or manipulation by light. Additionally, it will introduce passive scaffolds that are actuated by the cells themselves. These systems help to understand forces applied by the cells to their environment and pave the way toward dynamic biohybrid, cell-based systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100570
M. Walker , D. Gourdon , M. Cantini
The dynamic mechanical nature of extracellular matrices (ECMs) is crucial for the mechanosensitive regulation of cell fate. This is evident in pathological conditions such as cancer and fibrosis, which are characterised by highly fibrotic tissue developing over time. This fibrotic progression not only alters tissue mechanics, but also coincides with the reprogramming of resident cells, promoting their differentiation into aberrant phenotypes and increasing drug resistance. Hydrogels, with their tuneable mechanical and biochemical properties, emerge as powerful ECM mimetics to model and study these abnormal, mechanically-driven cell differentiation phenomena. In this review, after establishing how conventional, mechanically static hydrogels contribute to our understanding of the role of altered mechanosensing in cell differentiation during cancer and fibrosis, we explore the research opportunities given by advanced dynamic matrices. Models employing hydrogels that are fast relaxing, plastic or even with temporally switchable mechanics reveal the otherwise hidden role of time-dependent phenomena during disease development.
{"title":"Beyond static models: Mechanically dynamic matrices reveal new insights into cancer and fibrosis progression","authors":"M. Walker , D. Gourdon , M. Cantini","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic mechanical nature of extracellular matrices (ECMs) is crucial for the mechanosensitive regulation of cell fate. This is evident in pathological conditions such as cancer and fibrosis, which are characterised by highly fibrotic tissue developing over time. This fibrotic progression not only alters tissue mechanics, but also coincides with the reprogramming of resident cells, promoting their differentiation into aberrant phenotypes and increasing drug resistance. Hydrogels, with their tuneable mechanical and biochemical properties, emerge as powerful ECM mimetics to model and study these abnormal, mechanically-driven cell differentiation phenomena. In this review, after establishing how conventional, mechanically static hydrogels contribute to our understanding of the role of altered mechanosensing in cell differentiation during cancer and fibrosis, we explore the research opportunities given by advanced dynamic matrices. Models employing hydrogels that are fast relaxing, plastic or even with temporally switchable mechanics reveal the otherwise hidden role of time-dependent phenomena during disease development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100569
Jin Hyuck Jeong , Miseol Kim , Hui-Shan Li
Reprogrammed immune cell therapies show great promise as “living drugs”, a concept successfully demonstrated in clinical settings with engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Beyond CAR-T therapies, immune cells possess unique characteristics that can be leveraged to enhance the body's immune response against specific diseases. This review first highlights recent clinical advancements in immune cell therapies, focusing on the use of different immune cell types across various disease settings. It then explores current engineering approaches aimed at addressing the specific challenges in cancer treatment. Additionally, the review examines the role of emerging technologies such as synthetic circuits, CRISPR, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in expanding the potential of immune cell therapies to treat a broad range of conditions.
{"title":"Immune cell and engineering for the therapeutics","authors":"Jin Hyuck Jeong , Miseol Kim , Hui-Shan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reprogrammed immune cell therapies show great promise as “living drugs”, a concept successfully demonstrated in clinical settings with engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Beyond CAR-T therapies, immune cells possess unique characteristics that can be leveraged to enhance the body's immune response against specific diseases. This review first highlights recent clinical advancements in immune cell therapies, focusing on the use of different immune cell types across various disease settings. It then explores current engineering approaches aimed at addressing the specific challenges in cancer treatment. Additionally, the review examines the role of emerging technologies such as synthetic circuits, CRISPR, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in expanding the potential of immune cell therapies to treat a broad range of conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100568
Magdalena Fladung , Alexander Berkes , Tim Alletzhaeusser , Yi Chen , Natalie Munding , Motomu Tanaka , Martin Wegener , Martin Bastmeyer
Recent advances in additive manufacturing have opened up new possibilities to print almost arbitrary structures with submicrometer resolution. An intriguing application is the fabrication of metamaterial-based scaffolds with unprecedented precision and with defined effective elastic properties for mechanobiological research. This field of study has already led to promising results but remains wide open. The vast possibilities, together with the high interdisciplinary character and current lack of established protocols or literature on the subject, are intriguing on the one hand but might discourage researchers who are new to this field. In this review, we aim to provide insights into the work with such microstructured bio-metamaterials, mainly based on our own experience with 2D systems, hoping to encourage further mechanobiological studies. Finally, we present some considerations for expanding to the third dimension to more closely resemble the invivo situation.
{"title":"What lies beyond—Insights into elastic microscaffolds with metamaterial properties for cell studies","authors":"Magdalena Fladung , Alexander Berkes , Tim Alletzhaeusser , Yi Chen , Natalie Munding , Motomu Tanaka , Martin Wegener , Martin Bastmeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in additive manufacturing have opened up new possibilities to print almost arbitrary structures with submicrometer resolution. An intriguing application is the fabrication of metamaterial-based scaffolds with unprecedented precision and with defined effective elastic properties for mechanobiological research. This field of study has already led to promising results but remains wide open. The vast possibilities, together with the high interdisciplinary character and current lack of established protocols or literature on the subject, are intriguing on the one hand but might discourage researchers who are new to this field. In this review, we aim to provide insights into the work with such microstructured bio-metamaterials, mainly based on our own experience with 2D systems, hoping to encourage further mechanobiological studies. Finally, we present some considerations for expanding to the third dimension to more closely resemble the <em>in</em> <em>vivo</em> situation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100567
Ahmad Chaddad , Yan Hu , Yihang Wu , Binbin Wen , Reem Kateb
Objective
This paper presents an overview of generalizable and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in deep learning (DL) for medical imaging, with the aim of addressing the urgent need for transparency and explainability in clinical applications.
Methodology
We propose to use four CNNs in three medical datasets (brain tumor, skin cancer, and chest x-ray) for medical image classification tasks. Furthermore, we combine ResNet50 with five common XAI techniques to obtain explainable results for model prediction, in order to improve model transparency. We also involve a quantitative metric (confidence increase) to evaluate the usefulness of XAI techniques.
Key findings
The experimental results indicate that ResNet50 can achieve feasible accuracy and F1 score in all datasets (e.g., 86.31 % accuracy in skin cancer). Furthermore, the findings show that while certain XAI methods, such as eXplanation with Gradient-weighted Class activation mapping (XgradCAM), effectively highlight relevant abnormal regions in medical images, others, such as EigenGradCAM, may perform less effectively in specific scenarios. In addition, XgradCAM indicates higher confidence increase (e.g., 0.12 in glioma tumor) compared to GradCAM++ (0.09) and LayerCAM (0.08).
Implications
Based on the experimental results and recent advancements, we outline future research directions to enhance the generalizability of DL models in the field of biomedical imaging.
{"title":"Generalizable and explainable deep learning for medical image computing: An overview","authors":"Ahmad Chaddad , Yan Hu , Yihang Wu , Binbin Wen , Reem Kateb","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This paper presents an overview of generalizable and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in deep learning (DL) for medical imaging, with the aim of addressing the urgent need for transparency and explainability in clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>We propose to use four CNNs in three medical datasets (brain tumor, skin cancer, and chest x-ray) for medical image classification tasks. Furthermore, we combine ResNet50 with five common XAI techniques to obtain explainable results for model prediction, in order to improve model transparency. We also involve a quantitative metric (confidence increase) to evaluate the usefulness of XAI techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Key findings</h3><div>The experimental results indicate that ResNet50 can achieve feasible accuracy and F1 score in all datasets (e.g., 86.31 % accuracy in skin cancer). Furthermore, the findings show that while certain XAI methods, such as eXplanation with Gradient-weighted Class activation mapping (XgradCAM), effectively highlight relevant abnormal regions in medical images, others, such as EigenGradCAM, may perform less effectively in specific scenarios. In addition, XgradCAM indicates higher confidence increase (e.g., 0.12 in glioma tumor) compared to GradCAM++ (0.09) and LayerCAM (0.08).</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Based on the experimental results and recent advancements, we outline future research directions to enhance the generalizability of DL models in the field of biomedical imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100562
Prachi Kumari , Aleksandra Milojkovic , Kristen Kozielski
Nanomaterials offer a promising approach for precise and minimally invasive modulation of neural activity versus traditional implants. This review explores recent advances in various nanotransducer systems that are powered by a remotely deliverable carrier signal (optical, mechanical, or magnetic) and output a neuromodulatory signal (optical, thermal, mechanical, or electrical). Key advantages of individual transduction methods have been highlighted, such as penetration to deeper brain regions, and potential for cell-specific targeting with or without genetic modification of the target tissue. Current challenges and advances are discussed in the context of considerations for clinical translation, which include optimizing transduction efficiency, reducing power requirements, and spatiotemporal stimulation control.
{"title":"Analysis of wireless powering modes for nanotransducer-mediated neuromodulation","authors":"Prachi Kumari , Aleksandra Milojkovic , Kristen Kozielski","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomaterials offer a promising approach for precise and minimally invasive modulation of neural activity versus traditional implants. This review explores recent advances in various nanotransducer systems that are powered by a remotely deliverable carrier signal (optical, mechanical, or magnetic) and output a neuromodulatory signal (optical, thermal, mechanical, or electrical). Key advantages of individual transduction methods have been highlighted, such as penetration to deeper brain regions, and potential for cell-specific targeting with or without genetic modification of the target tissue. Current challenges and advances are discussed in the context of considerations for clinical translation, which include optimizing transduction efficiency, reducing power requirements, and spatiotemporal stimulation control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100566
Marta M. Iversen , Abby T. Harrison , Clay T. Stanley , Ashley N. Dalrymple
Spinal cord stimulation can improve function in neural injuries and disorders. Here, we review recent developments in epidural and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (eSCS, tSCS) for motor and sensory rehabilitation. eSCS entails electrodes implanted epidurally over the dorsal spinal cord, while tSCS utilizes adhesive electrodes placed on the surface of the skin. eSCS and tSCS improve volitional motor control in conditions such as spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. They likely improve volitional function by exciting dorsal root afferents which prime motoneurons for supraspinal and propriospinal inputs. Additionally, eSCS and tSCS evoke sensations in missing limbs post-amputation, providing sensory feedback and improving coordination and stability. Hardware advancements aim to optimize targeting and specificity for motor and sensory rehabilitation applications.
{"title":"Rehabilitation of motor and sensory function using spinal cord stimulation: Recent advances","authors":"Marta M. Iversen , Abby T. Harrison , Clay T. Stanley , Ashley N. Dalrymple","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2024.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord stimulation can improve function in neural injuries and disorders. Here, we review recent developments in epidural and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (eSCS, tSCS) for motor and sensory rehabilitation. eSCS entails electrodes implanted epidurally over the dorsal spinal cord, while tSCS utilizes adhesive electrodes placed on the surface of the skin. eSCS and tSCS improve volitional motor control in conditions such as spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. They likely improve volitional function by exciting dorsal root afferents which prime motoneurons for supraspinal and propriospinal inputs. Additionally, eSCS and tSCS evoke sensations in missing limbs post-amputation, providing sensory feedback and improving coordination and stability. Hardware advancements aim to optimize targeting and specificity for motor and sensory rehabilitation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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