Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering最新文献_第2页

Engineering stimuli-responsive extracellular vesicles for enhanced anticancer therapeutics 工程刺激反应细胞外囊泡增强抗癌治疗

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100634

Brian I. Molina Diaz, Pei Zhuang, Xiaoshu Pan, George Doctsch, Mei He

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the so-called nanosized vesicles shedding out from cells, have emerged as promising nanocarriers for cancer therapy given their high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. However, their clinical utility remains limited by challenges such as off-target, premature drug release and rapid clearance. In solid tumors, these issues are further compounded by the hostile biomechanical environment, including stiff extracellular matrix, elevated interstitial fluid pressure, and abnormal vasculatures, which further complicates drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. To overcome these limitations, recent efforts have focused on engineering stimuli-responsive EVs that respond to internal stimuli (e.g. pH, enzymatic activity, and redox imbalance) or external stimuli (e.g. magnetic fields, light, ultrasound, and temperature), as well as combinations thereof. These smart nanoplatforms have demonstrated a superior capacity in achieving controlled drug release, enhancing tumor targeting, and improving deep tissue penetration. In this minireview, we highlight how stimuli-responsive EVs surpass tumor biomechanics for cancer therapy and discuss key considerations for future development and clinical translation.

细胞外囊泡（EVs），即所谓的从细胞中脱落的纳米级囊泡，由于其高生物相容性和低免疫原性，已成为癌症治疗的有前途的纳米载体。然而，它们的临床应用仍然受到脱靶、药物过早释放和快速清除等挑战的限制。在实体瘤中，这些问题进一步加剧了恶劣的生物力学环境，包括僵硬的细胞外基质、升高的间质液压力和异常的血管，这进一步复杂化了药物递送和治疗效果。为了克服这些限制，最近的努力集中在工程刺激响应型电动汽车上，这些电动汽车可以响应内部刺激（例如pH值、酶活性和氧化还原失衡）或外部刺激（例如磁场、光、超声波和温度），以及它们的组合。这些智能纳米平台在控制药物释放、增强肿瘤靶向和改善深层组织渗透方面表现出卓越的能力。在这篇小型综述中，我们强调了刺激反应性ev如何超越肿瘤生物力学来治疗癌症，并讨论了未来发展和临床转化的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanobiological modulation of extracellular vesicle function and transport dynamics in cancer progression 肿瘤进展中细胞外囊泡功能和运输动力学的机械生物学调节

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100636

Raheel Ahmad , Sahbra Eldosougi , Shannon L. Stott

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles secreted by cells into the extracellular space. EVs are recognized as nanotransporters of intercellular communication, particularly within the tumor microenvironment. In cancer, EVs are involved in disease progression by regulating signaling cascades, remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM), and fostering invasive cell behavior. Recent evidence highlights the central role of mechanical signals of the ECM in regulating EV biogenesis, molecular cargo, and downstream functional effects. Elucidating these mechanobiological processes is crucial for the development of EV-based diagnostics and mechanotherapies. This review integrates new concepts on the biomechanics of EVs and ECM to shed light on their mutual regulation and collective influence on cancer progression. By linking the transport dynamics of EVs to the mechanics of the ECM and transmembrane modulators such as AQP1, it illustrates how biomechanical signals and osmotic gradients control the deformation, migration, and escape of EVs through the complex tumor matrix landscape.

细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由细胞分泌到细胞外空间的膜结合颗粒。ev被认为是细胞间通讯的纳米转运体，特别是在肿瘤微环境中。在癌症中，ev通过调节信号级联、重塑细胞外基质（ECM）和促进侵袭性细胞行为参与疾病进展。最近的证据强调了ECM的机械信号在调节EV生物发生、分子货物和下游功能效应中的核心作用。阐明这些机械生物学过程对于基于ev的诊断和机械治疗的发展至关重要。本文综述了ev和ECM生物力学的新概念，以阐明它们对癌症进展的相互调节和共同影响。通过将ev的运输动力学与ECM和跨膜调节剂（如AQP1）的力学联系起来，该研究说明了生物力学信号和渗透梯度如何控制ev在复杂的肿瘤基质景观中的变形、迁移和逃逸。

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引用次数: 0

Recent progress in multifunctional MXene quantum dots for cancer therapy 多功能MXene量子点用于癌症治疗的最新进展

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100635

Raj Kumar , Aresh Sahu , Keshaw Ram Aadil , Yogendra Kumar Mishra , Ajeet Kaushik

MXenes quantum dots (MQDs), nanostructures that exhibit tailored physicochemical characteristics of MXenes with the features of quantum dots, are emerging as exceptional agents for various therapeutic applications. Considering a wide range of features, MQDs are a promising platform for photothermal, photodynamic, chemodynamic, catalytic, sonodynamic, and combination therapies, as well as bioimaging capabilities, offering effective cancer treatment options. A good control over photoluminescence, surface reactivity, and biocompatibility makes MQDs a novel, multifunctional nanocarrier for developing efficient drug delivery systems for photothermal cancer therapy with higher efficacy and fewer adverse effects. However, there is a need to explore this class of material and conduct more systematic studies to establish these materials as an efficient system for cancer therapy. In this direction, presented comprehensive report highlight the latest advancements in multifunctional MQD-based treatment modalities for cancer management. Along with the trends, the associated challenges and future perspectives are also carefully discussed in this article.

MXenes量子点（MXenes quantum dots, MQDs）是一种具有量子点特性的纳米结构，具有MXenes的物理化学特性，正在成为各种治疗应用的特殊药剂。考虑到广泛的特性，mqd是光热、光动力学、化学动力学、催化、声动力学和联合治疗以及生物成像能力的有前途的平台，提供了有效的癌症治疗选择。对光致发光、表面反应性和生物相容性的良好控制使MQDs成为一种新型的多功能纳米载体，可用于开发高效的光热癌症药物传递系统，具有更高的疗效和更少的不良反应。然而，需要对这类材料进行探索，并进行更系统的研究，以建立这些材料作为癌症治疗的有效系统。在这个方向上，提出了综合报告，重点介绍了基于mqd的多功能癌症治疗方式的最新进展。除了趋势之外，本文还仔细讨论了相关的挑战和未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Porous scaffolds for in vitro modelling and monitoring of the extracellular matrix 多孔支架的体外模拟和细胞外基质的监测

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100633

Emma L. Sumner , Ruth E. Cameron , Serena M. Best , Róisín M. Owens

Animal studies have long been considered the gold standard for studying disease and analysing drug efficacy in preclinical research. However, the use of animals for studying human systems is now more commonly regarded as ethically questionable, expensive and a poor predictor of human cell response, leading to the widespread movement towards the replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) of animal testing in research. This perspective provides an overview of the benefit of moving away from animal models to more sustainable three dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems and introduces current materials for modelling the extracellular matrix. We will focus primarily on the application of porous scaffolds as we progress from materials that simply support cell hosting to materials such as conducting polymers that are also able to monitor the health of cells grown on their surface.

长期以来，动物实验一直被认为是临床前研究疾病和分析药物疗效的黄金标准。然而，使用动物来研究人体系统现在更普遍地被认为在伦理上存在问题，成本高昂，而且不能很好地预测人类细胞的反应，这导致了在研究中广泛转向动物试验的替代、减少和改进（3Rs）。这一观点概述了从动物模型转向更可持续的三维（3D）体外培养系统的好处，并介绍了目前用于模拟细胞外基质的材料。我们将主要关注多孔支架的应用，因为我们从简单地支持细胞宿主的材料发展到导电聚合物等材料，这些材料也能够监测生长在其表面的细胞的健康状况。

引用次数: 0

Engineering cancer's journey: Emerging tools for metastasis modeling 工程癌症之旅：转移模型的新兴工具。

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100631

Tianna A. Edwards , Haylee L. Wagner , Shelly R. Peyton

The overwhelming majority of cancer-associated deaths occur due to metastasis—the spread of cells from the primary tumor to distant organs—where disseminated cells eventually colonize and destroy organ function. For metastasis to occur, a cell must acquire diverse traits, including the ability to migrate away from the primary tumor, cross an endothelial barrier, survive in circulation, re-emerge across a new endothelial barrier at a distant tissue site, and ultimately resume proliferation to colonize a foreign tissue environment. Bioengineers have recognized that tools originally developed for tissue engineering are useful for experimentally modeling cancer and metastasis. Cancer bioengineering is an emerging subfield of biomedical engineering that unifies engineering and cancer biology to better understand, diagnose, and treat cancer. The National Cancer Institute has made a bold call emphasizing the need for these bioengineered in vitro models of cancer to supplement animal models. Hypothesis testing, large discovery-based screens, and mechanistic studies of metastasis in in vitro models may help guide ensuing, targeted animal studies. In this brief, forward-looking review, we discuss whether and how in vitro models can be used to study the full metastatic cascade, from invasion to outgrowth, and what must continue to be developed so that the models faithfully recapitulate the full disease progression and are approachable for scientists worldwide.

绝大多数与癌症相关的死亡是由于转移——细胞从原发肿瘤扩散到远处器官——在那里，播散的细胞最终定植并破坏器官功能。为了发生转移，细胞必须获得多种特性，包括从原发肿瘤迁移的能力，穿过内皮屏障，在循环中存活，在远处组织部位重新出现新的内皮屏障，并最终恢复增殖以定植外来组织环境。生物工程师已经认识到，最初为组织工程开发的工具对于实验模拟癌症和转移是有用的。癌症生物工程是生物医学工程的一个新兴分支，它将工程学和癌症生物学结合起来，以更好地理解、诊断和治疗癌症。美国国家癌症研究所做出了一个大胆的呼吁，强调需要这些生物工程的体外癌症模型来补充动物模型。假设检验、基于发现的大规模筛选和体外模型转移的机制研究可能有助于指导后续的靶向动物研究。在这篇简短的前瞻性综述中，我们讨论了体外模型是否以及如何用于研究从侵袭到生长的完整转移级联，以及必须继续发展的内容，以便模型忠实地概括整个疾病进展，并为全世界的科学家所接受。

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引用次数: 0

Multimodal AI (MMAI) for next-generation healthcare: data domains, algorithms, challenges, and future perspectives 用于下一代医疗保健的多模态人工智能（MMAI）：数据域、算法、挑战和未来前景

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100632

Florenc Demrozi, Mina Farmanbar, Kjersti Engan

Multimodal artificial intelligence (MMAI) is reshaping the landscape of next-generation healthcare by integrating diverse data sources—ranging from medical imaging and electronic health records (EHRs) to wearable sensor data and genomic sequencing. This convergence enables more accurate diagnostics, personalized treatment strategies, and real-time patient monitoring, ultimately transforming healthcare from reactive to predictive and preventive. Additionally, MMAI can lead to improved operational efficiency by enabling automated reporting and streamlining clinical workflows, helping to reduce clinician burnout and accelerate diagnostic turnaround times. Despite significant advancements, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of MMAI, including data fragmentation, interoperability issues, computational demands, and the need for explainable AI in clinical decision-making. This opinion paper explores four key aspects driving the future of MMAI in healthcare: (1) the evolution of multimodal data; (2) advancements in AI models and fusion strategies for extracting insights from heterogeneous data streams; (3) major challenges such as synchronization across modalities, interpretability, and regulatory constraints; and (4) emerging future directions, including the role of digital twins, automated clinical reporting, and precision medicine.

多模式人工智能（MMAI）通过整合各种数据源（从医学成像和电子健康记录（EHRs）到可穿戴传感器数据和基因组测序），正在重塑下一代医疗保健的格局。这种融合可以实现更准确的诊断、个性化治疗策略和实时患者监控，最终将医疗保健从被动转变为预测和预防。此外，MMAI可以通过实现自动化报告和简化临床工作流程来提高操作效率，帮助减少临床医生的倦怠并加快诊断周转时间。尽管取得了重大进展，但仍存在一些挑战阻碍了MMAI的广泛采用，包括数据碎片化、互操作性问题、计算需求以及在临床决策中对可解释的人工智能的需求。本文探讨了推动医疗保健领域MMAI未来发展的四个关键方面：(1)多模态数据的演变；(2)从异构数据流中提取见解的人工智能模型和融合策略的进展；(3)主要挑战，如跨模式的同步、可解释性和监管约束；(4)新兴的未来方向，包括数字双胞胎的作用、自动临床报告和精准医疗。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering the NET-biomaterial interface to treat disease 设计net生物材料界面来治疗疾病

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100629

Preethi Raghavan , Chinekwu Nwagwu , Joel A. Finbloom , Tejal A. Desai

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are matrices composed of DNA and antimicrobial proteins that are released from neutrophils to entrap and degrade pathogens. Overproduction of these biological networks can induce hyperinflammation in infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders and exacerbate cancer metastasis formation. Systemic administration of immunosuppressive therapeutics and NET-degrading drugs can have adverse side effects, underscoring the importance of creating controlled release formulations to target NETs. In this review, we discuss the NET-biomaterial interface for drug delivery to address infection, inflammation, and cancer. First, we examine how drug delivery platforms can be engineered for localized delivery of NET-modulating or NET-degrading drugs. Then, we consider a class of NET-inspired materials that can replicate NET function and pathogen degradation without triggering downstream hyperinflammation. Finally, we discuss current challenges in the field and how biomaterials can be further developed to elucidate fundamental insights on NET biology and target NET dysregulation in various disease states.

中性粒细胞细胞外陷阱（NETs）是由DNA和抗菌蛋白组成的基质，它们从中性粒细胞中释放出来，以捕获和降解病原体。这些生物网络的过度产生可以诱导感染性疾病和自身免疫性疾病的过度炎症，并加剧癌症转移的形成。全身施用免疫抑制疗法和net降解药物可能会产生不良副作用，这强调了创建针对net的控释制剂的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于治疗感染、炎症和癌症的net生物材料界面。首先，我们研究了如何设计药物递送平台来局部递送net调节或net降解药物。然后，我们考虑一类NET启发材料，它可以复制NET功能和病原体降解，而不会引发下游的过度炎症。最后，我们讨论了该领域当前面临的挑战，以及如何进一步开发生物材料，以阐明NET生物学的基本见解，并针对各种疾病状态下的NET失调。

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引用次数: 0

AI-powered wearable sensors for health monitoring and clinical decision making 用于健康监测和临床决策的人工智能可穿戴传感器

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100628

Shovito Barua Soumma , Abdullah Mamun , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

AI-powered wearable sensors are transforming remote health monitoring by enabling real-time diagnostics, personalized interventions and proactive disease management. This review synthesizes recent advances in AI-integrated biosensors across conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative dis- orders, mental health, and maternal/neonatal care, while addressing challenges of scalability, privacy, interoperability, and model robustness. We highlight machine learning methods—including federated learning, transfer learning, and edge- AI—that enhance the processing of physiological signals i.e., glucose levels, gait patterns, and heart rate variability. Key innovations, including FDA-approved glucose monitors and digital twins for predictive health modeling, underscore the shift toward patient-centric and data-driven care. Yet, persistent gaps remain, including device heterogeneity, privacy concerns, and the need for adaptive models that generalize across populations. Emerging approaches such as large language models and counterfactual explanations provide contextualized insights and transparent decision-making. By bridging technical advances with clinical needs, this review charts a roadmap toward democratized, equitable, and precise healthcare.

人工智能驱动的可穿戴传感器通过实现实时诊断、个性化干预和主动疾病管理，正在改变远程健康监测。本综述综合了人工智能集成生物传感器在糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、精神健康和孕产妇/新生儿护理等疾病中的最新进展，同时解决了可扩展性、隐私性、互操作性和模型鲁棒性方面的挑战。我们强调机器学习方法——包括联邦学习、迁移学习和边缘人工智能——增强生理信号的处理，即葡萄糖水平、步态模式和心率变异性。关键的创新，包括fda批准的血糖监测仪和用于预测健康建模的数字双胞胎，强调了向以患者为中心和数据驱动的护理的转变。然而，持续存在的差距仍然存在，包括设备异质性、隐私问题以及对适用于所有人群的自适应模型的需求。诸如大型语言模型和反事实解释等新兴方法提供了情境化的见解和透明的决策。通过将技术进步与临床需求相结合，本综述为实现民主化、公平和精确的医疗保健绘制了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Intelligent nanoparticle design: Unlocking the potential of AI for transformative drug delivery 智能纳米颗粒设计：释放人工智能在变革性药物输送方面的潜力

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100625

Sepinoud Azimi

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery by tackling design, synthesis, and optimization challenges. Traditional approaches to NP development often rely on trial-and-error methods, leading to scalability, biocompatibility, and targeted drug release inefficiencies. This review explores how AI-driven models are transforming the landscape of NP formulation, from enhancing drug encapsulation and optimizing release kinetics to improving targeted delivery and overcoming physiological barriers. Additionally, we examine the challenges associated with AI integration, including data limitations and model interpretability, and discuss strategies for bridging these gaps. By leveraging AI, the field of nanomedicine can accelerate the transition from laboratory research to clinical applications, ultimately improving treatment outcomes for complex diseases.

人工智能（AI）通过解决设计、合成和优化方面的挑战，正在彻底改变基于纳米颗粒（NP）的药物递送。传统的NP开发方法通常依赖于试错方法，导致可扩展性、生物相容性和靶向药物释放效率低下。这篇综述探讨了人工智能驱动的模型如何改变NP配方的格局，从增强药物包封和优化释放动力学到改善靶向给药和克服生理障碍。此外，我们还研究了与人工智能集成相关的挑战，包括数据限制和模型可解释性，并讨论了弥合这些差距的策略。通过利用人工智能，纳米医学领域可以加速从实验室研究到临床应用的过渡，最终改善复杂疾病的治疗效果。

引用次数: 0

Nano-biomaterials: Emerging tools in biomedical innovation and therapy 纳米生物材料：生物医学创新和治疗的新兴工具

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100627

Priya Mullick , Abhijit Manna

Nano-biomaterials have become essential tools in biomedical and healthcare applications. To fully harness their potential, it is crucial to develop synthesis methods that are nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. This review highlights recent advancements in nano-biomaterials that address significant challenges such as bone regeneration, implant-associated infections, drug delivery, wound healing, and theranostics. Inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate notable biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties, making them suitable for bone and dental applications. Additionally, nanoparticle-reinforced hydrogels improve drug delivery and tissue regeneration by mimicking the extracellular matrix. Antibacterial surface coatings help to prevent implant-related infections while promoting tissue integration. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials allow for controlled drug release in response to internal or external signals. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9-based nanocarriers enable precise gene editing with minimal off-target effects. Smart nanomaterials are also enhancing theranostic platforms and innovative tissue repair strategies. This review emphasizes the transformative role of multifunctional nano-biomaterials in shaping next-generation biomedical therapies.

纳米生物材料已成为生物医学和医疗保健应用的重要工具。为了充分利用它们的潜力，开发无毒、生物相容性和环境友好的合成方法至关重要。这篇综述强调了纳米生物材料在解决骨再生、植入物相关感染、药物输送、伤口愈合和治疗等重大挑战方面的最新进展。无机纳米材料表现出显著的生物相容性和骨诱导特性，使其适用于骨和牙科应用。此外，纳米颗粒增强水凝胶通过模拟细胞外基质改善药物输送和组织再生。抗菌表面涂层有助于预防种植体相关感染，同时促进组织整合。刺激反应纳米材料允许控制药物释放响应内部或外部信号。此外，基于crispr - cas9的纳米载体能够以最小的脱靶效应进行精确的基因编辑。智能纳米材料也增强了治疗平台和创新的组织修复策略。这篇综述强调了多功能纳米生物材料在塑造下一代生物医学治疗中的变革作用。

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引用次数: 0