Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100609
Angelo Accardo, Enrico D. Lemma
{"title":"Editorial overview: Scaffold-based and scaffold-free approaches for mechanobiology, in vitro disease modeling and treatment","authors":"Angelo Accardo, Enrico D. Lemma","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100604
Giuseppe Ciccone , Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
Over the past 30 years, polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels have become essential tools to mimic the mechanical properties, chemical composition, and dimensionality of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in in vitro mechanobiology studies. This brief review highlights recent developments that have transformed PAAm hydrogels from simple 2D static elastic hydrogels to complex ECM-mimicking systems involving protein micropatterning, mechanical patterning, stretching, DNA tension probes, viscoelasticity, and the microfabrication of 3D systems. We focus on novel mechanobiological questions that have been elucidated using these platforms and give a perspective on the future of PAAm hydrogels for mechanobiology research.
{"title":"Tuning the matrix: Recent advances in mechanobiology unveiled through polyacrylamide hydrogels","authors":"Giuseppe Ciccone , Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past 30 years, polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels have become essential tools to mimic the mechanical properties, chemical composition, and dimensionality of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in in vitro mechanobiology studies. This brief review highlights recent developments that have transformed PAAm hydrogels from simple 2D static elastic hydrogels to complex ECM-mimicking systems involving protein micropatterning, mechanical patterning, stretching, DNA tension probes, viscoelasticity, and the microfabrication of 3D systems. We focus on novel mechanobiological questions that have been elucidated using these platforms and give a perspective on the future of PAAm hydrogels for mechanobiology research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100606
Valentin Bonnet , Emmanouil Angelidakis , Sébastien Sart , Charles N. Baroud
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem that involves cancer cells, immune and stromal cells, in addition to extracellular matrix and secreted factors. The interactions within this complex ecosystem regulate tumor cell phenotypes and direct cancer progression, making their understanding essential for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology and developing innovative treatments. Since standard culture conditions cannot account for the complexity of the TME, organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technologies have been developed to fill this need. Here, we describe the recent advances in OOCs designed to improve in vitro models of the TME by controlling the physical, chemical, geometrical, and biological environment of tumor cells. We begin with studies that leverage OOCs to understand cancer biology, followed by a description of works that test drug effects within the TME. Finally, we discuss future avenues for development that will enhance the interest of OOCs for diverse applications, including clinical testing.
{"title":"Microfluidic and organ-on-a-chip approaches to model the tumor microenvironment","authors":"Valentin Bonnet , Emmanouil Angelidakis , Sébastien Sart , Charles N. Baroud","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem that involves cancer cells, immune and stromal cells, in addition to extracellular matrix and secreted factors. The interactions within this complex ecosystem regulate tumor cell phenotypes and direct cancer progression, making their understanding essential for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology and developing innovative treatments. Since standard culture conditions cannot account for the complexity of the TME, organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technologies have been developed to fill this need. Here, we describe the recent advances in OOCs designed to improve <em>in vitro</em> models of the TME by controlling the physical, chemical, geometrical, and biological environment of tumor cells. We begin with studies that leverage OOCs to understand cancer biology, followed by a description of works that test drug effects within the TME. Finally, we discuss future avenues for development that will enhance the interest of OOCs for diverse applications, including clinical testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100611
Fatemeh Mokhles , Juan Gonzalez-Valdivieso , Mohammad Amin Moosavi , Marco Cordani
Transdermal delivery of gene and RNA therapies represents a promising strategy in addressing genetic skin disorders and cancers, offering localized treatment with enhanced bioavailability and reduced systemic side effects. Despite these advantages, the stratum corneum presents a formidable barrier to the delivery of nucleic acids due to its dense lipid-protein structure and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Recent innovations in nanoparticle technologies, such as cationic liposomes and polymer-based carriers, have overcome these challenges by enhancing penetration, stability, and target specificity. Additionally, techniques like microneedles and iontophoretic applications further facilitate effective delivery into skin layers. Advanced formulations combining nanoparticles with therapeutic agents such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrate significant potential in tumor growth inhibition, immune modulation, and gene correction. These approaches offer targeted therapeutic options, reduce drug resistance, and support genetic modifications for skin conditions. While challenges like immunogenicity and systemic degradation persist, emerging integration of artificial intelligence (AI) optimizes nanoparticle design and delivery systems. AI-driven advancements promise to refine transdermal delivery technologies, advancing precision medicine in dermatological applications and cancer therapy.
{"title":"Advances in nanoparticle-mediated transdermal delivery of nucleic acids as therapy of skin disorders and cancer","authors":"Fatemeh Mokhles , Juan Gonzalez-Valdivieso , Mohammad Amin Moosavi , Marco Cordani","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transdermal delivery of gene and RNA therapies represents a promising strategy in addressing genetic skin disorders and cancers, offering localized treatment with enhanced bioavailability and reduced systemic side effects. Despite these advantages, the stratum corneum presents a formidable barrier to the delivery of nucleic acids due to its dense lipid-protein structure and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Recent innovations in nanoparticle technologies, such as cationic liposomes and polymer-based carriers, have overcome these challenges by enhancing penetration, stability, and target specificity. Additionally, techniques like microneedles and iontophoretic applications further facilitate effective delivery into skin layers. Advanced formulations combining nanoparticles with therapeutic agents such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrate significant potential in tumor growth inhibition, immune modulation, and gene correction. These approaches offer targeted therapeutic options, reduce drug resistance, and support genetic modifications for skin conditions. While challenges like immunogenicity and systemic degradation persist, emerging integration of artificial intelligence (AI) optimizes nanoparticle design and delivery systems. AI-driven advancements promise to refine transdermal delivery technologies, advancing precision medicine in dermatological applications and cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microneedles (MNs) are an attractive option as a minimally invasive means to break through the stratum corneum of the skin for transdermal drug delivery and the analysis of interstitial fluid. The solid-based porous microneedle (PMN) is a relatively new type of MN with a micro/nanochannel network throughout the whole needle. The PMN, filled with an electrolyte solution serves as a ‘salt bridge’ to create an ionic pathway across the skin surface layer. This review outlines the advantages of the ionically conductive PMN from a biomedical engineering perspective. After a brief description of the fabrication techniques of PMN, the decrease in transdermal resistance by PMN insertion is quantitatively discussed. In addition, possible applications of PMN-based salt bridges are presented, including the skin potential and resistance measurements, intradermal electrochemical analysis, and transdermal molecular transport.
{"title":"Porous microneedles: Transdermal salt bridge for biomedical device engineering","authors":"Gaobo Wang , Yuina Abe , Soichiro Tottori , Shuto Osaki , Matsuhiko Nishizawa","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microneedles (MNs) are an attractive option as a minimally invasive means to break through the stratum corneum of the skin for transdermal drug delivery and the analysis of interstitial fluid. The solid-based porous microneedle (PMN) is a relatively new type of MN with a micro/nanochannel network throughout the whole needle. The PMN, filled with an electrolyte solution serves as a ‘salt bridge’ to create an ionic pathway across the skin surface layer. This review outlines the advantages of the ionically conductive PMN from a biomedical engineering perspective. After a brief description of the fabrication techniques of PMN, the decrease in transdermal resistance by PMN insertion is quantitatively discussed. In addition, possible applications of PMN-based salt bridges are presented, including the skin potential and resistance measurements, intradermal electrochemical analysis, and transdermal molecular transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100578
Lingyu Sun , Yile Fang , Yu Wang , Feika Bian , Yuanjin Zhao
As an emerging modeling platform for cardiac cells and tissues, heart-on-a-chip systems have aroused great interest and made remarkable progress in recent decades. To expand the practical values of such microphysiological systems, various biosensing modules have been integrated into microfluidic chips to realize real-time monitoring of cardiomyocytes or cardiac tissues under different stimulations. Among them, photonic crystal colorimetric sensors are popular because of their intrinsic biocompatibility, visual characteristics, and lack of need for complex instrumentation. In this review, we will provide an overview of research concerning heart-on-a-chip systems integrated with photonic crystal colorimetric sensors, ranging from the natural structural colors, the fabrication of artificial photonic crystal materials, to their colorimetric sensing principle. The emphasis will be put on how the photonic crystal colorimetric sensors address the current limitations of heart-on-a-chip systems through visual optical signals and thus expand their biomedical applications. Finally, the remaining challenges of colorimetric sensing strategy will be summarized, with its future directions for organs-on-chips being discussed.
{"title":"Photonic crystal colorimetric sensing in heart-on-a-chip systems","authors":"Lingyu Sun , Yile Fang , Yu Wang , Feika Bian , Yuanjin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an emerging modeling platform for cardiac cells and tissues, heart-on-a-chip systems have aroused great interest and made remarkable progress in recent decades. To expand the practical values of such microphysiological systems, various biosensing modules have been integrated into microfluidic chips to realize real-time monitoring of cardiomyocytes or cardiac tissues under different stimulations. Among them, photonic crystal colorimetric sensors are popular because of their intrinsic biocompatibility, visual characteristics, and lack of need for complex instrumentation. In this review, we will provide an overview of research concerning heart-on-a-chip systems integrated with photonic crystal colorimetric sensors, ranging from the natural structural colors, the fabrication of artificial photonic crystal materials, to their colorimetric sensing principle. The emphasis will be put on how the photonic crystal colorimetric sensors address the current limitations of heart-on-a-chip systems through visual optical signals and thus expand their biomedical applications. Finally, the remaining challenges of colorimetric sensing strategy will be summarized, with its future directions for organs-on-chips being discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100591
Haoran Gong , Wenwen Weng , Shuhao Zhang , Zhigang Gao , Ning Hu
Electrophysiology measurement is a significant technique to detect electrical activities and analyze cell behaviors. Among various electrophysiological detection methods, microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been widely investigated in recent years due to their high efficiency and accuracy in analyzing electrophysiological activities of cells and tissues. Rigid MEAs, favored for their convenience and scalability, are widely used in drug selection, pathological analysis, and photothermal research. Soft MEAs, with the flexible geometries and outstanding biocompatibility, are better suited for applications involving three-dimensional organoids. This review provides an overview of recent advances in rigid and soft MEAs over the past five years, focusing on their application in cardiology and neuroscience.
{"title":"Rigid and soft microelectrodes for electrophysiology measurement","authors":"Haoran Gong , Wenwen Weng , Shuhao Zhang , Zhigang Gao , Ning Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrophysiology measurement is a significant technique to detect electrical activities and analyze cell behaviors. Among various electrophysiological detection methods, microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been widely investigated in recent years due to their high efficiency and accuracy in analyzing electrophysiological activities of cells and tissues. Rigid MEAs, favored for their convenience and scalability, are widely used in drug selection, pathological analysis, and photothermal research. Soft MEAs, with the flexible geometries and outstanding biocompatibility, are better suited for applications involving three-dimensional organoids. This review provides an overview of recent advances in rigid and soft MEAs over the past five years, focusing on their application in cardiology and neuroscience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100583
Sophia Epstein , Joshua Chang , Daniel Johnston , David Paydarfar
Exogenous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves preferentially activates the larger diameter fibers due to the lower applied current (or voltage) needed for their activation. However, the ability to selectively stimulate small fibers, and sparing large fibers, would have an important role in clinical applications. This review elucidates the biophysical basis and clinical significance of achieving fiber size-specific recruitment in neuromodulation therapies. We evaluate various methodologies designed to modulate recruitment patterns, including spatial electrical modulation techniques such as electrode configuration and field shaping, temporal modulation strategies involving pulse parameter adjustments. Other neuromodulating technologies are reviewed, including focused ultrasound, optogenetics, and chemogenetics. We discuss the limitations of current techniques and directions for future research to enhance the precision of nerve fiber recruitment, thereby optimizing therapeutic efficacy.
{"title":"Size principles governing selective neuromodulation and recruitment order of nerve fibers","authors":"Sophia Epstein , Joshua Chang , Daniel Johnston , David Paydarfar","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exogenous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves preferentially activates the larger diameter fibers due to the lower applied current (or voltage) needed for their activation. However, the ability to selectively stimulate small fibers, and sparing large fibers, would have an important role in clinical applications. This review elucidates the biophysical basis and clinical significance of achieving fiber size-specific recruitment in neuromodulation therapies. We evaluate various methodologies designed to modulate recruitment patterns, including spatial electrical modulation techniques such as electrode configuration and field shaping, temporal modulation strategies involving pulse parameter adjustments. Other neuromodulating technologies are reviewed, including focused ultrasound, optogenetics, and chemogenetics. We discuss the limitations of current techniques and directions for future research to enhance the precision of nerve fiber recruitment, thereby optimizing therapeutic efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100590
Maria K. Jantz , Robert A. Gaunt
Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction is a common symptom of a wide array of neural disorders, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, interventions to treat LUT dysfunction primarily manage symptoms without restoring coordinated bladder control. To regain this control, neural prostheses are being developed that operate through multiple neurophysiological mechanisms.
Here, we discuss recent advances that use three fundamentally different mechanisms; some systems target LUT reflexes to produce coordinated voiding or continence, others drive non-LUT circuits that indirectly influence bladder and urethral function, while others directly excite or block the motor components of the LUT. The work described here demonstrates substantial advances in the field, yet many of these advances have not been translated to clinical use. We suggest that developing devices to transform the state of clinical bladder care will require that known translational challenges are considered from the outset, even in basic mechanistic research.
{"title":"Mechanism to translation: Neural prostheses for the lower urinary tract","authors":"Maria K. Jantz , Robert A. Gaunt","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction is a common symptom of a wide array of neural disorders, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, interventions to treat LUT dysfunction primarily manage symptoms without restoring coordinated bladder control. To regain this control, neural prostheses are being developed that operate through multiple neurophysiological mechanisms.</div><div>Here, we discuss recent advances that use three fundamentally different mechanisms; some systems target LUT reflexes to produce coordinated voiding or continence, others drive non-LUT circuits that indirectly influence bladder and urethral function, while others directly excite or block the motor components of the LUT. The work described here demonstrates substantial advances in the field, yet many of these advances have not been translated to clinical use. We suggest that developing devices to transform the state of clinical bladder care will require that known translational challenges are considered from the outset, even in basic mechanistic research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100586
Marc Vila Cuenca , Merve Bulut , Christine L. Mummery , Valeria V. Orlova
Generation of functional vasculature within organoids is considered important for their development and maturation. However, direct differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) in organoids remains challenging so that creating fully perfusable vasculature often still requires transplantation into host animals. This review discusses recent strategies for generating pre-vascularized human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived organoids, that include co-differentiation of ECs using growth factors or (an inducible transcription factor) ETV2, controlled assembly of tissue organoids with hPSC-derived ECs or Blood Vessel Organoids (BVOs), and 3D bioprinting. Additionally, the potential and key challenges of organ-on-chip technology for creating perfusable and functional vascular networks in organoids are explored, highlighting their implications for advancing research and improving experimental models of human tissue and disease.
{"title":"Vascularization of organoid microenvironments: Perfusable networks for organoid growth and maturation","authors":"Marc Vila Cuenca , Merve Bulut , Christine L. Mummery , Valeria V. Orlova","doi":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cobme.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generation of functional vasculature within organoids is considered important for their development and maturation. However, direct differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) in organoids remains challenging so that creating fully perfusable vasculature often still requires transplantation into host animals. This review discusses recent strategies for generating pre-vascularized human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived organoids, that include co-differentiation of ECs using growth factors or (an inducible transcription factor) ETV2, controlled assembly of tissue organoids with hPSC-derived ECs or Blood Vessel Organoids (BVOs), and 3D bioprinting. Additionally, the potential and key challenges of organ-on-chip technology for creating perfusable and functional vascular networks in organoids are explored, highlighting their implications for advancing research and improving experimental models of human tissue and disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36748,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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