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Number and Letter: The Intersection between the Ideographic and Phonographic Subsystems of Russian Graphics 数字与字母:俄语图形中表意文字子系统与留声法子系统的交集
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-114-127
Igor E. Kim
The article considers the interaction of elements of Russian digital and alphabetic subsystems in the text space. The interaction appears in two forms: 1) alternative use of digital and alphabetic number notations; 2) juxtaposition of the digital and alphabetic parts of the number notation or quantitative group (a number and a noun) as well as its derivative. The juxtaposition uses three graphic means: merged spelling, connecting with a hyphen and separate writing. It turned out that the use of these means does not depend on whether the numeral or quantitative group is spelled together of separately. This shows the specificity of how Russian native speakers perceive the number as a potentially composite unit consisting of several digits. Such type of number is simultaneously conceived as a unity and as a set of separate quantities.
本文考虑了俄语数字子系统和字母子系统元素在文本空间中的相互作用。交互作用表现为两种形式:1)数字和字母数字符号的交替使用;2)数字符号或数量群(数字和名词)及其衍生物的数字部分和字母部分并置。并置使用三种图形方法:合并拼写,用连字符连接和分开书写。结果表明,这些方法的使用并不取决于数字或数量组是拼在一起还是分开拼。这显示了俄语母语者如何将数字视为由几个数字组成的潜在复合单位的特殊性。这种类型的数既被认为是一个整体,又被认为是一组单独的量。
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引用次数: 0
“Old Irish Saga”: In Search of a Definition “老爱尔兰传奇”:寻找定义
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-174-194
T. Mikhailova
Using the term saga in Russian and European criticism is studied. The term denotes Old Irish epic tales. The relation between oral and written narrative traditions is described. Under investigation is the semantic content of the Russian term with the following: 1. the English (saga) and the German (die Sage) scholarly texts describing the same denotates 2. the Icelandic notion saga having a much wider semantic field in the original tradition (though not in mediaeval studies) 3. the semantic field of the original term scél having tale or story as one of its meanings. The work also states the recursive semantic shift tale, story → an event worthy of making a tale of, a piece of news. The shift is also evident in the semantic evolution of the Russian term istoriya. The conclusion points out the relativity of the frame of the term saga as a mediaeval literature’s genre and the necessity to appeal to a scholar’s intuition.
研究了俄语和欧洲文学批评中“传奇”一词的使用。这个词指的是古爱尔兰史诗故事。描述了口头和书面叙述传统之间的关系。正在调查的是俄语术语的语义内容:1。英语(saga)和德语(die Sage)的学术文献描述了相同的含义。冰岛的概念传奇在原始传统中具有更广泛的语义领域(尽管不是在中世纪的研究中)。以故事或故事为其含义之一的原术语的语义场。该作品还陈述了递归语义转换故事,故事→值得制作故事的事件,一条新闻。这种转变在俄语单词“istoriya”的语义演变中也很明显。结语部分指出了传奇作为中世纪文学体裁的框架的相对性,以及诉诸学者直觉的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Adverbs of Evaluation: Correlation of Semantic and Syntactic Properties (The Case of General and Hedonistic Evaluation) 评价副词:语义和句法性质的关联(以一般评价和享乐评价为例)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-90-109
I. Kobozeva
Considering evaluation adverbs of Russian expressing two types of evaluation we argue that the syntactic properties of adverbs are determined by their meaning. The hypothesis is that adverbs of general evaluation (the type good – bad) should have more syntactic functions, than the ones of particularized evaluation, and for this purpose adverbs of hedonistic evaluation (e.g. tasty) are studied. We briefly expose the main insights of linguistic-oriented evaluation theory of N. D. Arutyunova, and discuss syntactic functions of хорошо ‘good’, typical of general evaluation adverbs. Section 2 is devoted to adverbs of hedonistic evaluation. We argue that adverbs of the type приятно – неприятно ‘pleasant – unpleasant’ should be excluded from this class, because in their lexical meaning only the general sensory evaluation is fixed, while its specification as hedonistic or psychological is conditioned by syntactic and/or semantic context. We show that hedonistic evaluation adverbs possess lesser number of syntactic functions than general evaluation adverbs. We demonstrate syntactic differences in the degree of acceptability of the explicit experiencer and the implicit causing factor with the hedonistic evaluation adverbs, conditioned by the channel of perception encoded in adverb’s lexical meaning, and give them the cognitive explanation. The results of our analysis bring into question the syntactic criterion of adverbs with floating scope proposed by M. V. Filipenko (2003). According to this criterion the adverbs of taste and smell evaluation should have floating scope because they have predicative function, but as all hedonistic evaluation adverbs they have the fixed scope over the semantic predicate ‘feel’ implicit in their meaning. We argue that the only syntactic property that guarantees the floating scope for an adverb is its ability to govern the subordinate complement clause with the complementizer chto ‘that’.
考虑到俄语中表达两种评价类型的评价副词,我们认为副词的句法性质是由其意义决定的。假设一般评价副词(good - bad)应该比特殊评价副词具有更多的句法功能,并为此研究了享乐主义评价副词(如tasty)。本文简要地揭示了N. D. Arutyunova的以语言为导向的评价理论的主要见解,并讨论了典型的一般评价副词хорошо“good”的句法功能。第二部分是关于享乐主义评价的副词。我们认为,приятно - неприятно“愉快-不愉快”类型的副词应该被排除在这一类之外,因为在它们的词汇意义上,只有一般的感官评价是固定的,而其作为享乐主义或心理的规范是由句法和/或语义语境决定的。结果表明,享乐主义评价副词的句法功能少于一般评价副词。本文论证了享乐主义评价副词对外显体验者和内隐导致因素的可接受程度在句法上的差异,并对其进行了认知解释。我们的分析结果对M. V. Filipenko(2003)提出的浮动范围副词的句法标准提出了质疑。根据这一标准,味觉和嗅觉评价副词应具有浮动范围,因为它们具有谓词功能,但与所有享乐主义评价副词一样,它们在其意义中隐含的语义谓词“感觉”上具有固定范围。我们认为,保证副词的浮动范围的唯一语法属性是它能够用补语chto“that”来控制从属补语从句。
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引用次数: 0
The Way of listven’ in the Russian and Siberian Worldview: From Phytonym to Concepts 俄罗斯和西伯利亚世界观中的“倾听之道”:从词名到概念
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-183-197
A. Kozlov, F. Varlaro
The article is devoted to the study of the semantic properties of the dialect word listven’ (“larch”) in the narrative prose. Based on the material of encyclopaedias, fiction and travel prose, observations on the lexical and semantic properties of the word “larch” (lat. Larix dahurica; in the studied context – larix sibirica) are presented. It is shown how, being a dialect nomination, the word becomes a part of the individual author’s system. In the treatise of Vitruvius, the word Larix is associated with the name of the citadel Larignum. The historian talks about the fire that started during the storming of the fortress and mentions the amazing durability of the tree. The idea of Larix as being of the same root as the Latin laridum is widespread, which gives the tree a metaphorical resemblance to body. As M. Statley notes, in European shamanism the world tree was often depicted as a larch. It is significant that all these options are equally reflected in the modern village prose, in particular, in the work of V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera” (1976). The purpose of the article is to trace the stages that a given lexeme goes through on the way from a phytonym to a concept. In particular, the word begins to appear in non-fiction texts related to the development of Siberia and the Far East from the end of the 18th century, for example the Russian travel logs and subsequently reports. In almost all of the considered contexts, a characteristic enumerative intonation is used, while the word is included in the same row as the normative phytonyms. In some contexts, the properties of the tree are recorded, which can be considered proto-metaphors: the extraordinary strength of the wood, the ugliness of the tree itself, and, finally, frequent comparisons of the bark of larch with human skin or paper are noted. These remarks are given in passing and are not developed into a narrative. Ethnographers were not very interested in the picture of the world of the indigenous people, so the rich folklore, pagan idea of larch as the center of hulde. That’s correlated with the spirit or personality of a person in the religion of the Druids, remained out of sight. The considered path of the word demonstrates the specific mechanism of the transition of a marked dialect word into non-fiction writing and narrative reflection on the essence of the word in fiction writing. Referring to the local dialect, D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak and V. G. Korolenko gave to the word the necessary imagery and expressiveness, which became a constructive part of the language of rural prose of the second half of the 20th century, that is to say the new travel prose of the 21st century. Of course, with the development of Siberian literature, these ideas reached their positions in the prose of L. M. Leonova, V. N. Rasputin, E. Aypin and many others. “Farewell to Matera” becomes a precedent text, where larch as a world tree is not only transformed into a dialectal “larch”, but also acquires a different
本文对叙事散文中方言词“听”(“落叶松”)的语义特性进行了研究。根据百科全书、小说和旅游散文的材料,对“落叶松”一词的词汇和语义特性进行了观察。落叶松属达到;本文介绍了西伯利亚落叶松(larix sibirica)。它显示了,作为一个方言提名,这个词如何成为个人作者系统的一部分。在维特鲁威的论文中,落叶松这个词与Larignum城堡的名字联系在一起。这位历史学家谈到了在攻陷堡垒期间发生的大火,并提到了这棵树的惊人耐久性。落叶松(Larix)与拉丁语laridum同根的想法很普遍,这使这种树在隐喻上与身体相似。斯特利指出,在欧洲萨满教中,世界之树经常被描绘成落叶松。值得注意的是,所有这些选择都同样反映在现代乡村散文中,尤其是拉斯普京的作品《告别马泰拉》(Farewell to Matera, 1976)。本文的目的是跟踪给定词素从植物词到概念所经历的各个阶段。特别是,从18世纪末开始,这个词开始出现在与西伯利亚和远东发展有关的非虚构文本中,例如俄罗斯的旅行日志和随后的报告。在几乎所有考虑的上下文中,都使用了典型的枚举语调,而单词与规范的植物词放在同一行。在某些情况下,记录了树的属性,可以认为是原始隐喻:木材的非凡力量,树本身的丑陋,最后,经常将落叶松的树皮与人的皮肤或纸张进行比较。这些评论只是随口说说,并没有发展成叙述。民族志学者对土著人民的世界图景并不是很感兴趣,所以丰富的民间传说、异教思想把落叶松作为胡尔德的中心。这与德鲁伊教中一个人的精神或性格有关,但却看不见。通过对词语路径的思考,揭示了一个具有标志意义的方言词语向非虚构写作过渡的具体机制,以及对小说写作中词语本质的叙事性反思。D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak和V. G. Korolenko根据当地方言赋予了这个词必要的意象和表现力,这成为20世纪下半叶乡村散文语言的建设性组成部分,也就是说,21世纪的新旅行散文。当然,随着西伯利亚文学的发展,这些观点在列昂诺娃、拉斯普京、艾平和其他许多人的散文中得到了体现。《告别Matera》成为一个先例文本,落叶松作为一种世界树不仅被转化为一种方言的“落叶松”,而且获得了不同的形态和语义属(Nf + sing→Nm + sing)。在现代文学中,这个词变成了一种主题,或者更确切地说,是一种叙事元素,它是可变的,重复的,被读者识别的。当然,在这方面,“落叶松”一词翻译成其他语言的问题就出现了。当然,将这个词位与文学对等,“落叶松”显著地削弱了所考虑的词位所包含的风格、话语和情节的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Ezra Pound and Vorticism: Transatlantic Vectors in Politics and Semantic Shifts in Language 庞德与漩涡主义:跨大西洋政治载体与语言语义转换
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-18-36
Olga V. Sokolova
The article examines the key provisions of Ezra Pound's aesthetic conception of poet-ic language. On the one hand, this concept resonates with the general tendencies to-wards the interaction of poetic and political discourses of the early twentieth century. On the other hand, the conception indicates the role of poetic language for world cul-ture and modern politics. Analysis of Pound’s essays corpus for the period from 1912 to the 1940s provides identification of three main vectors: the vector of transatlantic policy (American Risorgimento); the vector of political and poetic performativity: (Literature is language charged with meaning), and the vector of semantic shift (Make it new). The article scrutinizes the pragmatic and sematic techniques that man-ifest Pound’s intention to update the language and increase the performativity of the statement that can have an active effect on the addressee and reality.
本文考察了庞德诗歌语言美学思想的主要内容。一方面,这一概念与20世纪初诗歌与政治话语相互作用的总体趋势产生了共鸣。另一方面,这一概念表明了诗歌语言对世界文化和现代政治的作用。对庞德1912年至1940年代的文集进行分析,可以发现三个主要的载体:跨大西洋政策的载体(美国复兴);政治和诗歌表演性的载体(文学是充满意义的语言),以及语义转换的载体(使其成为新的)。本文考察了庞德的语用和语义技巧,这些技巧体现了庞德意图更新语言,增加语句的表现力,从而对收件人和现实产生积极的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Metaphorical Models of Phraseological Units with Motion Verbs in Altai and Khakas (Comparative Aspect) 阿尔泰语和喀卡斯语运动动词短语单位的隐喻模式(比较方面)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-142-157
E. V. Tyuntesheva
In the following article, we analyse the Altai and Khakas phraseological units based on the dead metaphor of motion. They describe a person’s state within some kind of everyday situation or environment, as well as interpersonal relations and one’s intellectual and social achievements. These units contain the following verbs of motion: tüš= ~ tüs= ‘to come down; to fall’, kir= ‘to enter’, čïq= ~ sïx= ‘to come out; to raise’. These verbs form the semantics of the phraseological units and denote the formation, beginning, or end of a person’s state or action, as well as its intensity. The verb tüš= ~ tüs= is shown to be the most frequent component; it is found in most phraseological units describing a person’s state. Kir= is chiefly found in units describing interpersonal relationships, while units with čïq= ~ sïx= are very rare. In our article, we build models and analyze these units in contrast with other Turkic and non-Turkic languages. We distinguish 7 models that can be categorized into 4 types according to their structure and semantics: ‘motion – state’, ‘motion – event’, ‘motion – interpersonal relations’, and ‘motion – achievement’. Each type excluding the last one are represented by 2 antonymous models for a number of phraseological units with antonymous verbs tüš= ~ tüs= ‘to come down; to fall’, kir= ‘to enter’ (denoting the formation of one’s state or relationship, as well as the starting point of action) and čïq= ~ sïx= ‘to come out; to raise’ (denoting the termination of state or relationship. These metaphorical models of motion found in Altai and Khakas are also typical for Russian, French, and English, where phraseological units are numerous. It is possible that such basic concepts of space and their representations via metaphors of motion are similar in various linguistic world images. In Altai and Khakas, correlations of specific phraseological units are also observed.
在接下来的文章中,我们将基于运动的死隐喻来分析阿尔泰语和卡卡斯语的用语单位。它们描述了一个人在某种日常情况或环境中的状态,以及人际关系和一个人的智力和社会成就。这些单位包含下列运动动词:t = ~ t = '下来;倒下’,kir=‘进入’,čïq= ~ sïx=‘出来’;提高”。这些动词构成了词组单位的语义,表示一个人的状态或行动的形成、开始或结束,以及强度。动词t = ~ t =是最常见的组成部分;在大多数描述一个人状态的词汇单位中都可以找到它。Kir=主要出现在描述人际关系的单位中,而čïq= ~ sïx=的单位非常少见。在本文中,我们将建立模型并将这些单元与其他突厥语和非突厥语进行对比分析。我们区分了7种模型,根据其结构和语义可分为4类:“运动-状态”、“运动-事件”、“运动-人际关系”和“运动-成就”。除最后一种外,每一种都用2个反义模型来表示一些词组单位,反义动词t = ~ t = '往下;“坠落”,kir=“进入”(表示一个人的状态或关系的形成以及行动的起点),čïq= ~ sïx=“出来”;表示状态或关系的终止。这些在阿尔泰和卡卡斯发现的隐喻运动模式,在俄语、法语和英语中也是典型的,这些语言的词汇单位很多。在不同的语言世界意象中,这些空间的基本概念及其通过运动隐喻的表达可能是相似的。在阿尔泰语和卡卡斯语中,还观察到特定短语单位的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of Poverty-Wealth as a Motivational Constant in Russian Literature 穷富观念:俄国文学中的激励常数
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-275-294
L. Yakimova
In the wide chronological section and through poetic-semantic analysis of the mane works of the Russian literature (for example, Gogol novel “Overcoat”, “Poor people” of F. M. Dostoevsky, Chehov’s novel “Three years” and Vs. Ivanov’s story “Fertility”) opens the inevitability of social historical motivation of richness-poverty, as well as it’s motif domination in the literature in the sense of the conflict of socially determined and existentially deterministic view of human nature. Primary focus is the wealth of intertextual field of Russian literature, which is caused by motive roll call, creative dialog and writers’ polemics of different generation, which appears as a factor cementing the humanistic orientation of the Russian literature.
通过对果戈里的小说《大衣》、陀思妥耶夫斯基的《穷人》、契诃夫的小说《三年》、伊万诺夫的小说《生育》等俄罗斯文学主要作品的诗性语义学分析,从社会决定论与存在决定论的人性观冲突的意义上,揭示了富有-贫穷的社会历史动机的必然性,以及它在文学中的母题支配地位。主要焦点是俄罗斯文学丰富的互文场域,这是由动机唱名、创作对话和不同时代作家的论战所造成的,是巩固俄罗斯文学人文主义取向的一个因素。
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引用次数: 0
Semantic Field “Alcohol Use” in Russian (In Comparison with Italian) 俄语“酒精使用”语义场(与意大利语比较)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-2-364-384
M. Savina
The article characterizes the similarities of the semantic fields “alcohol use” and describes their differences on the example of lexical paradigms like “drinking alcohol in large quantities for a long time (binge drinking)”, “physical and psychological destruction as a result of drinking alcohol (become an inveterate drunkard)” and “hangover” in Russian and Italian. The study is based on the materials of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, the ContextReverse portal of works by Italian authors and various dictionaries. The author used methods of continuous sampling, corpus, comparative, modeling, the method of contextual, definitional and component analysis.
本文以俄语和意大利语中的“长期大量饮酒(酗酒)”、“因饮酒造成身心破坏(成为一个酒鬼)”和“宿醉”等词汇范式为例,分析了“酒精使用”语义场的相似性,并描述了它们之间的差异。这项研究是基于俄罗斯国家语料库的材料,意大利作家作品的上下文门户网站和各种词典。作者采用了连续抽样、语料库分析、比较法、建模法、上下文分析法、定义分析法和成分分析法。
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引用次数: 1
Far Eastern Futurists and the Satirical Leaflet “Blokha” (“Flea”) (Vladivostok, 1920) 远东未来主义者和讽刺传单“Blokha”(“跳蚤”)(符拉迪沃斯托克,1920年)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-319-348
K. Abramova
The article deals with the analysis of publications of poetic feuilletons in the satirical leaflet “Blokha” (“Flea”), which was published in 1920 in Vladivostok. The authors of the publications hid behind pseudonyms that are currently indecipherable. Analyzing the texts, we primarily drew attention to the features characteristic of the poetry of futurists. On the one hand, these features served to create a parody, ridicule the figures of the literary community of Vladivostok in those years. On the other hand, having analyzed examples of poetic and prose feuilletons, we can say that the satirical magazine “Blokha” (“Flea”), published in Vladivostok in 1920, is closely connected with the futuristic movement that was actively developing in the Far Eastern republic in 1918–1921.
本文分析了1920年在符拉迪沃斯托克出版的讽刺传单“Blokha”(“跳蚤”)中诗歌的出版物。这些出版物的作者隐藏在目前无法辨认的假名后面。在分析文本时,我们主要关注未来派诗歌的特点。一方面,这些特征是对符拉迪沃斯托克文学界人物的拙劣模仿和嘲笑。另一方面,分析了诗歌和散文的例子后,我们可以说,1920年在符拉迪沃斯托克出版的讽刺杂志“Blokha”(“跳蚤”)与1918-1921年在远东共和国积极发展的未来主义运动密切相关。
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引用次数: 0
Metadrama in V. Mirzoev’s Works 米尔佐夫作品中的元戏剧
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.25205/2307-1737-2022-1-380-399
P. E. Zhilichev
This paper deals with the specifics of metadrama in Vladimir Mirzoev's works. The metatextual aspect of the communicative structure of Mirzoev’s plays is based on uti-lizing traditional actants of the dramatic intrigue, including kings, jesters, army officers, magicians, Hamlet, Don Juan, etc. Mixing references to classic and contemporary literature, Mirzoev’s texts take palimpsest (G. Genette), pastiche (R. Dyer) as a basis for developing dramatic action and tension. For example, The Tower decon-structs the archetype of Don Juan by combining the elements of the traditional plot with the iconography of the Tarot, references to well-known Russian classics, and elements of avant-garde aesthetics. Moreover, another “layer” of the “palimpsest” is formed by interactions with the “absurd authors of the past” (Harms, Pinter), weaving the position of interpretation (philological, directorial) into the discursive structure. Overall, the usage of palimpsest and pastiche corresponds with the dramatic intrigue of metamorphosis, the depiction of an absurdist cosmogony of a fictional world that stands on the deconstruction of cultural cliches and re-shaping the consciousness of both the characters and the recipients.
本文探讨了弗拉基米尔·米尔佐夫作品中元戏剧的特点。米尔佐夫戏剧交际结构的元文本方面是基于对传统的戏剧阴谋演员的利用,包括国王、弄臣、军官、魔术师、哈姆雷特、唐璜等。米尔佐夫的作品融合了经典和当代文学,以重写本(G. Genette)和模仿(R. Dyer)为基础,发展了戏剧性的行动和张力。例如,《塔》通过将传统的情节元素与塔罗牌的图像相结合,参考了著名的俄罗斯经典,以及前卫美学的元素,解构了唐璜的原型。此外,“重写本”的另一个“层”是通过与“过去的荒谬作者”(哈姆斯、品特)的互动而形成的,将解释(语言学的、导演的)的位置编织到话语结构中。总的来说,重写和模仿的使用符合变态的戏剧性阴谋,对虚构世界的荒诞主义宇宙论的描述,建立在解构文化陈词滥调的基础上,重新塑造人物和接受者的意识。
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引用次数: 0
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