Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176138
Frans van Vuure, Filippo Lodi, Roman Kristesiashvili, Nick Marks, Harlen Miller
TA D 7 : 1 Attracted by the inherent weathered aesthetic and reflective properties, and the allure of the imperfections found in its pressed and molded form, UNStudio began incorporating glazed terracotta-based ceramics into their façade designs on projects such as the W21–22 Retail Building (Figures 1 and 2) for the Baku White City Masterplan Development in Azerbaijan in 2012, and again in 2014 on the wasl Tower (Figure 7), a benchmark 300 m (984.25 ft.) super-high-rise located in the heart of Dubai’s downtown next to the Burj Khalifa. This article cross-analyzes these two contrasting building typologies and outlines strategic approaches UNStudio took using the material during the design process. Baku’s geographical identity as the City of Wind became the driving narrative element for incorporating ceramics into the W21–22 Retail Building design, as the studio wanted to create the morphology of a stone massing being carved and eroded by wind and sand over time. The solid volume of the building looks as though it were shaped into a prismatic and reflecting surface; an urban kaleidoscope is achieved through the texture and luster of the ceramic glazing, which is reminiscent of the pearlescent sheen found on the surface of oil. Beyond the building’s aesthetic, this three-story self-standing urban actor with four public-facing façades became our first ‘dual ceramic double-skin’ system implemented on a building that functionally shielded the base curtain wall glazing from not only extreme wind abrasion but direct incident heat. The term ‘dual ceramic double-skin’ resulted from the façade system needing a glazed tile facing both externally toward the city street and internally toward the occupants so as never to create a backside or unpolished appearance. This required approximately 9,150 external-facing tiles and 9,150 internalfacing tiles. The design of the dual ceramic double-skin cladding called for two half-shell tiles locking together onto a suspended diagrid steel substructure (Figure 3) to enhance the depth of the façade (Z-depth) on both the external and internal faces. This suspended double-skin system would require a 600 mm Frans van Vuure UNStudio
{"title":"Glazed Terracotta-Based Ceramic Façades","authors":"Frans van Vuure, Filippo Lodi, Roman Kristesiashvili, Nick Marks, Harlen Miller","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176138","url":null,"abstract":"TA D 7 : 1 Attracted by the inherent weathered aesthetic and reflective properties, and the allure of the imperfections found in its pressed and molded form, UNStudio began incorporating glazed terracotta-based ceramics into their façade designs on projects such as the W21–22 Retail Building (Figures 1 and 2) for the Baku White City Masterplan Development in Azerbaijan in 2012, and again in 2014 on the wasl Tower (Figure 7), a benchmark 300 m (984.25 ft.) super-high-rise located in the heart of Dubai’s downtown next to the Burj Khalifa. This article cross-analyzes these two contrasting building typologies and outlines strategic approaches UNStudio took using the material during the design process. Baku’s geographical identity as the City of Wind became the driving narrative element for incorporating ceramics into the W21–22 Retail Building design, as the studio wanted to create the morphology of a stone massing being carved and eroded by wind and sand over time. The solid volume of the building looks as though it were shaped into a prismatic and reflecting surface; an urban kaleidoscope is achieved through the texture and luster of the ceramic glazing, which is reminiscent of the pearlescent sheen found on the surface of oil. Beyond the building’s aesthetic, this three-story self-standing urban actor with four public-facing façades became our first ‘dual ceramic double-skin’ system implemented on a building that functionally shielded the base curtain wall glazing from not only extreme wind abrasion but direct incident heat. The term ‘dual ceramic double-skin’ resulted from the façade system needing a glazed tile facing both externally toward the city street and internally toward the occupants so as never to create a backside or unpolished appearance. This required approximately 9,150 external-facing tiles and 9,150 internalfacing tiles. The design of the dual ceramic double-skin cladding called for two half-shell tiles locking together onto a suspended diagrid steel substructure (Figure 3) to enhance the depth of the façade (Z-depth) on both the external and internal faces. This suspended double-skin system would require a 600 mm Frans van Vuure UNStudio","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83739639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176132
M. Hensel
O P / PO STIO N S Intractable Divisions? Current approaches to the architectural object and the concepts of tectonics exhibit significant limitations in their capacity to address compound sustainability problems and environmental degradation caused by rapid urbanization, densification, and construction. These limitations arise in large part from the connected perceptions 1. that urban form is composed of discrete systems and objects, 2. that architectures need to be discrete objects that must be set apart from their surroundings, and 3. that tectonics needs to conform to and affirm the implied divisions. In general terms, the restraints stem from the perceived dichotomy between the human-made and the natural and preclude a more integrative approach. An alternative approach might focus on intensive integration rather than separating architectures and their settings. In search of a general theory of architecture, Gottfried Semper described four elements of which all architecture can be said to consist: the hearth, roof, enclosure, and mound. Semper posited that these four elements are articulated and arranged following local circumstances, climate, and culture (Semper 1851, 55). Today, however, local differences and diversity of architecture have disappeared, especially in urban settings, and a more generic range of buildings and tectonic articulations prevail. In this context, the mound and related earthworks constitute no longer a primary part of tectonics. Instead, earthworks are frequently relegated to the leveling of sites, excavation to accommodate underground spaces, and modest applications to facilitate green roofs. Michael U. Hensel Vienna University of Technology Geomorphic Tectonics
P / PO是否存在难以解决的分歧?目前研究建筑对象和构造学概念的方法在解决由快速城市化、高密度化和建设引起的复合可持续性问题和环境退化方面表现出明显的局限性。这些限制在很大程度上来自于相互关联的认知。这种城市形态是由离散的系统和物体组成的。架构需要是离散的对象，必须与周围环境分开;构造学需要符合并确认隐含的划分。总的来说，这些限制来自于人们所认识到的人造和自然的二分法，因此无法采取更综合的办法。另一种方法可能侧重于密集集成，而不是分离体系结构及其设置。为了寻找建筑的一般理论，Gottfried Semper描述了所有建筑都可以包含的四个元素:壁炉、屋顶、围墙和土墩。Semper认为，这四个要素是根据当地环境、气候和文化进行阐述和安排的(Semper 1851, 55)。然而，今天，建筑的地方差异和多样性已经消失，特别是在城市环境中，更通用的建筑和构造铰接占主导地位。在这种情况下，土丘和相关的土方工程不再构成构造的主要部分。相反，土方工程经常被降级为平整场地，挖掘以容纳地下空间，以及促进绿色屋顶的适度应用。Michael U. Hensel维也纳科技大学地貌构造学
{"title":"Geomorphic Tectonics","authors":"M. Hensel","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176132","url":null,"abstract":"O P / PO STIO N S Intractable Divisions? Current approaches to the architectural object and the concepts of tectonics exhibit significant limitations in their capacity to address compound sustainability problems and environmental degradation caused by rapid urbanization, densification, and construction. These limitations arise in large part from the connected perceptions 1. that urban form is composed of discrete systems and objects, 2. that architectures need to be discrete objects that must be set apart from their surroundings, and 3. that tectonics needs to conform to and affirm the implied divisions. In general terms, the restraints stem from the perceived dichotomy between the human-made and the natural and preclude a more integrative approach. An alternative approach might focus on intensive integration rather than separating architectures and their settings. In search of a general theory of architecture, Gottfried Semper described four elements of which all architecture can be said to consist: the hearth, roof, enclosure, and mound. Semper posited that these four elements are articulated and arranged following local circumstances, climate, and culture (Semper 1851, 55). Today, however, local differences and diversity of architecture have disappeared, especially in urban settings, and a more generic range of buildings and tectonic articulations prevail. In this context, the mound and related earthworks constitute no longer a primary part of tectonics. Instead, earthworks are frequently relegated to the leveling of sites, excavation to accommodate underground spaces, and modest applications to facilitate green roofs. Michael U. Hensel Vienna University of Technology Geomorphic Tectonics","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79861326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2116246
Michael Garrison
Malcolm Williamson is a Senior Geospatial Researcher at the Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies (CAST) at the University of Arkansas. His work includes data acquisition, analysis, and visualization for a variety of domains, including architecture, archaeology, geology, and civil engineering. His recent UAV LiDAR work is helping to reveal the story of post-Civil War convict leasing in the South.
{"title":"Regeneration: Ending the Climate Crisis in One Generation","authors":"Michael Garrison","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2116246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2116246","url":null,"abstract":"Malcolm Williamson is a Senior Geospatial Researcher at the Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies (CAST) at the University of Arkansas. His work includes data acquisition, analysis, and visualization for a variety of domains, including architecture, archaeology, geology, and civil engineering. His recent UAV LiDAR work is helping to reveal the story of post-Civil War convict leasing in the South.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76450895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2116227
J. Kós, James Miyamoto, Camila Mangrich, Luís H Pavan
Urban Ecology Lab (Laboratorio de Ecologia Urbana—LEUr) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis, Brasil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Established: 2012 Leadership: Jose Kos (Founder and Coordinator of LEUr Research Group) James Miyamoto (Coordinator of LEUr-UFRJ) Current Laboratory Structure: Academic Faculty: 6 Research Staff: 1 Postdoctoral Researcher: 1 Graduate Research Assistants: 16 Undergraduate Research Assistants: 15
城市生态实验室(Laboratorio de Ecologia Urbana-LEUr)巴西圣卡塔琳娜联邦大学(UFSC) Florianópolis巴西里约热内卢联邦大学(UFRJ)巴西里约热内卢成立:2012年领导:Jose Kos (LEUr研究组创始人兼协调员)James Miyamoto (LEUr-UFRJ协调员)目前实验室结构:学术人员:6名研究人员:1名博士后研究员:1名研究生研究助理:16名本科生研究助理:15名
{"title":"Digital Data Fostering University Campus Regenerative Design","authors":"J. Kós, James Miyamoto, Camila Mangrich, Luís H Pavan","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2116227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2116227","url":null,"abstract":"Urban Ecology Lab (Laboratorio de Ecologia Urbana—LEUr) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florianópolis, Brasil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Established: 2012 Leadership: Jose Kos (Founder and Coordinator of LEUr Research Group) James Miyamoto (Coordinator of LEUr-UFRJ) Current Laboratory Structure: Academic Faculty: 6 Research Staff: 1 Postdoctoral Researcher: 1 Graduate Research Assistants: 16 Undergraduate Research Assistants: 15","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90889377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Space Architecture in Microgravity: TESSERAE Project for Large Scale Space Structures","authors":"A. Ekblaw","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2116225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2116225","url":null,"abstract":"MIT Space Exploration Initiative/Aurelia Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts Established: 2016 Initiative Leadership: Ariel Ekblaw (Founding Director) Initiative Structure: Academic Faculty: 3 Research Staff: 10 Postdoctoral Researchers: 1 Graduate Students: 15 Visiting Faculty and Students: 50+","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75473251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2114238
James Hulme, J. Eyre, Stafford Critchlow, Sebastien Ricard
{"title":"Pivoting to Infrastructure: The Fusion of Architecture and Engineering","authors":"James Hulme, J. Eyre, Stafford Critchlow, Sebastien Ricard","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2114238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2114238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80576215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2114233
Wendy Ju, Sharon Yavo-Ayalon
“But the great promise of autonomous technology is that it allows the adoption of a more people-centered outlook and asks how we should reorganize mobility in our cities to serve people better. Such a reprioritization is necessary for navigating autonomous futures while simultaneously giving shape to them.” Autonomous Futures: Implications for Smart Cities As researchers studying how to design human interaction with automation, we are frequently asked to prognosticate the future of autonomous vehicles: When are they coming? How will they work? How will cities, societies, information systems, and lifestyles adapt around them? Our role as design researchers is to help people understand that no future is inevitable. In this essay, we outline how the different ways that our future with autonomous vehicles can unfold, the role that designers play in that unfolding, and the importance of people exercising their agency to influence designers and outcomes.
{"title":"Autonomous Futures: Implications for Smart Cities","authors":"Wendy Ju, Sharon Yavo-Ayalon","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2114233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2114233","url":null,"abstract":"“But the great promise of autonomous technology is that it allows the adoption of a more people-centered outlook and asks how we should reorganize mobility in our cities to serve people better. Such a reprioritization is necessary for navigating autonomous futures while simultaneously giving shape to them.” Autonomous Futures: Implications for Smart Cities As researchers studying how to design human interaction with automation, we are frequently asked to prognosticate the future of autonomous vehicles: When are they coming? How will they work? How will cities, societies, information systems, and lifestyles adapt around them? Our role as design researchers is to help people understand that no future is inevitable. In this essay, we outline how the different ways that our future with autonomous vehicles can unfold, the role that designers play in that unfolding, and the importance of people exercising their agency to influence designers and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83237679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2114232
Ramesh Krishnamurti
“The primary mission of the next generation of computational designers, through engagement with industry, research, and teaching, is to augment all facets of the i-factor in applications of computation to architecture.” Prolegomena to Computational Design In 1989, I left Scotland for the Carnegie Mellon School of Architecture to help revamp the graduate program in the building sciences. Together with other colleagues, including Ömer Akin, Ulrich Flemming, and Rob Woodbury, we shared a common vision for applying computing to design problems, each of us contributing a different background or expertise.1 The program reflected our work and research, with a curriculum and ethos looking beyond computer-aided design. To name the program, I invented “computational design,” as design is computational in nature. The moniker stuck, and the “discipline for developing or applying computation to problems with their origins in design” was inaugurated.2 In 1989, Carnegie Mellon was the first school to offer a Master and Ph.D. in Computational Design (CD). This essay outlines that history.
“下一代计算设计师的主要任务，通过与工业、研究和教学的合作，是在计算应用到建筑中的各个方面增加i因素。”1989年，我离开苏格兰，前往卡耐基梅隆建筑学院(Carnegie Mellon School of Architecture)，帮助修改建筑科学研究生课程。与其他同事一起，包括Ömer Akin, Ulrich Flemming和Rob Woodbury，我们分享了将计算应用于设计问题的共同愿景，我们每个人都贡献了不同的背景或专业知识该项目反映了我们的工作和研究，其课程和精神超越了计算机辅助设计。为了给这个程序命名，我发明了“计算设计”，因为设计本质上是计算的。这个名字被沿用了下来，“开发或应用计算来解决源自设计的问题的学科”由此诞生1989年，卡耐基梅隆大学是第一所提供计算设计硕士和博士学位的学校。本文概述了这段历史。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2116229
Adam Fingrut, Darwin Lau
Center for Robotics in Construction and Architecture (CRCA) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China Established: 2017 Leadership: Adam Fingrut (Codirector) Darwin Lau (Codirector) Current Center Structure: Academic Faculty: 7 Research Staff: 15
{"title":"Construction Automation and Design Research","authors":"Adam Fingrut, Darwin Lau","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2116229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2116229","url":null,"abstract":"Center for Robotics in Construction and Architecture (CRCA) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China Established: 2017 Leadership: Adam Fingrut (Codirector) Darwin Lau (Codirector) Current Center Structure: Academic Faculty: 7 Research Staff: 15","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72952757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2116245
M. Williamson
TA D 6 : 2 guided, participatory, and knowledgebased.3 If environmental studies were recast with inspiration from transdisciplinary approaches, research methods might include design research, practicebased research, research-creation, participatory design, codesign, and design thinking. These approaches explicitly aim to integrate knowledge production with processes of change-inducing action and do so by engaging with local environments. Such local emphasis helps learners develop a systemic understanding of environmental contexts as junctions of social, technological, political, economic, and natural phenomena. Inspiration for advanced methods in transdisciplinary designand practice-based research may be found in Doucet and Janssens’s Transdisciplinary Knowledge Production in Architecture and Urbanism. This book explicitly engages with designerly ways of knowing and the tensions between professional practice, academic discipline, and ethics in research through design.4 Other relevant sources of inspiration are anthropologist Tim Ingold’s Making: Anthropology, Archaeology, Art and Architecture, sociologists Lury and Wakeford’s Inventive Methods, communications scholar Philip Vannini’s Non-Representational Methodologies, as well as my Situated Design Methods.5 This book does not provide many paths for research that directly intervene and seek to create environmental change. However, it does provide an accessible suite of naturalistic social science methods for environmental studies aimed at policy and academic discussion.
{"title":"Skydio 2+ Enterprise Kit with 3D Scan","authors":"M. Williamson","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2116245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2116245","url":null,"abstract":"TA D 6 : 2 guided, participatory, and knowledgebased.3 If environmental studies were recast with inspiration from transdisciplinary approaches, research methods might include design research, practicebased research, research-creation, participatory design, codesign, and design thinking. These approaches explicitly aim to integrate knowledge production with processes of change-inducing action and do so by engaging with local environments. Such local emphasis helps learners develop a systemic understanding of environmental contexts as junctions of social, technological, political, economic, and natural phenomena. Inspiration for advanced methods in transdisciplinary designand practice-based research may be found in Doucet and Janssens’s Transdisciplinary Knowledge Production in Architecture and Urbanism. This book explicitly engages with designerly ways of knowing and the tensions between professional practice, academic discipline, and ethics in research through design.4 Other relevant sources of inspiration are anthropologist Tim Ingold’s Making: Anthropology, Archaeology, Art and Architecture, sociologists Lury and Wakeford’s Inventive Methods, communications scholar Philip Vannini’s Non-Representational Methodologies, as well as my Situated Design Methods.5 This book does not provide many paths for research that directly intervene and seek to create environmental change. However, it does provide an accessible suite of naturalistic social science methods for environmental studies aimed at policy and academic discussion.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91293743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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