Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040307
Elizabeth Andrzejewski, Marcus Shaffer, E. Obonyo
In the late 1960s, Konrad Wachsmann moved to the University of Southern California to begin the Building Research Institute, a multidisciplinary studio and laboratory dedicated to reimagining building construction through a universal comprehensiveness— one that considered politics, science, social science, economics, and technologies in relation to industrial architecture. While at USC, Wachsmann and his students developed the Location Orientation Manipulator (LOM), an architecture machine “for the control, measurement, and display of the kinematics of (building) design and assembly” (Ward Jr. 1972). This paper examines the LOM as a ‘universal building machine’ designed by architects for industrialized architecture and details a digital reconstruction/reanimation of the LOM using Autodesk Fusion software. The authors speculate there are mechanical qualities related to building automation and specific to architecture within the unarticulated history of the LOM. These characteristics may inform and enhance contemporary architectural technologies.
在20世纪60年代末，Konrad Wachsmann搬到了南加州大学，开始了建筑研究所，这是一个多学科的工作室和实验室，致力于通过普遍的综合性来重新构想建筑，其中考虑了与工业建筑相关的政治、科学、社会科学、经济和技术。在南加州大学期间，Wachsmann和他的学生开发了定位机械手(LOM)，这是一种建筑机器，“用于控制、测量和显示(建筑)设计和装配的运动学”(Ward Jr. 1972)。本文将LOM作为建筑师为工业化建筑设计的“通用建筑机器”进行研究，并详细介绍了使用Autodesk Fusion软件对LOM进行数字重建/复活的方法。作者推测，在LOM未阐明的历史中，存在与建筑自动化和建筑特有的机械质量相关的机械质量。这些特征可以为当代建筑技术提供信息并提高它们的水平。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040302
A. Schultz, Julian Wang
T A D 6 : 1 “Histories” uncovers the diverse narratives in architecture technology, history, and culture, looking for unexpected inflection points while facilitating innovative modes of historical and contemporary research. Several of the papers included in this issue instrumentalize a close look at the intersection between technology and history ultimately paving the road to contemporary discourse. The authors highlight the aforementioned inflection points, experimenting with innovative research methods, combining archival explorations with speculative digital reconstruction, expanding our knowledge of historic initiatives, designs, and machines. Elizabeth Andrzejewski, Marcus Shaffer, and Ester Obonyo discuss Konrad Wachsmann’s visionary Location Orientation Manipulator (LOM), a device that led the way for automated on-site building assembly in 1969, representing an early version of a robot that marks the beginning of automated processes in construction. In their paper “Assembling the Assembler: Reanimating the ‘Lost’ Motion Machine of Wachsmann, Bollinger, and Mendoza” the authors examine the LOM after completing a digital reconstruction, rearticulating its capacities, and analyzing its parts. The research positions the LOM in a line of inquiry focused on the building process. Andrew Witt and Eunu Kim leverage data science techniques and machine vision tools in their research work “Neural Image Classifiers for Historical Building Elements and Typologies” to scan, analyze, and categorize large imagery datasets of historical architecture based on stylistic and morphological characteristics. Such methods and techniques can transcribe the conventional qualitative interpretation in historical architecture contexts into a new quantitative analysis, facilitating automatic cataloging and classification of historical architecture. Samuel Johnson and Mitesh Dixit’s contribution “Counterfactual Modeling in Historical Reconstruction: El Lissitzky’s Horizontal Skyscraper WB2” explores the work of another visionary work of the twentieth century—El Lissitzky’s Wolkenbügel WB2, engaging in a process of speculative reconstruction of an unbuilt structure thus uncovering conditions not obvious in the existing design documentation. While taking interpretative liberties, the authors’ continuation of Lissitzky’s iterative design process is based on selected evidence, uniting the design process, applied research, and speculative reconstruction. “From Efficiency to Exhaustion: Computer-Aided Architecture at the Madrid Calculation Center (1968–1973)” analyzes the work of an unexplored case study, an institution tasked with the algorithmizing of creativity. Diana Cristobal Olave argues that the reorganization of the design process driven by algorithmic techniques at the Calculation Center at the University of Madrid did not result in efficient procedures, but an exhaustive (and exhausting) abundance and lengthy methodologies. The criticism and recontextualization of th
{"title":"Algorithmic Pathways and the Continuing Narratives of the Twentieth Century","authors":"A. Schultz, Julian Wang","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040302","url":null,"abstract":"T A D 6 : 1 “Histories” uncovers the diverse narratives in architecture technology, history, and culture, looking for unexpected inflection points while facilitating innovative modes of historical and contemporary research. Several of the papers included in this issue instrumentalize a close look at the intersection between technology and history ultimately paving the road to contemporary discourse. The authors highlight the aforementioned inflection points, experimenting with innovative research methods, combining archival explorations with speculative digital reconstruction, expanding our knowledge of historic initiatives, designs, and machines. Elizabeth Andrzejewski, Marcus Shaffer, and Ester Obonyo discuss Konrad Wachsmann’s visionary Location Orientation Manipulator (LOM), a device that led the way for automated on-site building assembly in 1969, representing an early version of a robot that marks the beginning of automated processes in construction. In their paper “Assembling the Assembler: Reanimating the ‘Lost’ Motion Machine of Wachsmann, Bollinger, and Mendoza” the authors examine the LOM after completing a digital reconstruction, rearticulating its capacities, and analyzing its parts. The research positions the LOM in a line of inquiry focused on the building process. Andrew Witt and Eunu Kim leverage data science techniques and machine vision tools in their research work “Neural Image Classifiers for Historical Building Elements and Typologies” to scan, analyze, and categorize large imagery datasets of historical architecture based on stylistic and morphological characteristics. Such methods and techniques can transcribe the conventional qualitative interpretation in historical architecture contexts into a new quantitative analysis, facilitating automatic cataloging and classification of historical architecture. Samuel Johnson and Mitesh Dixit’s contribution “Counterfactual Modeling in Historical Reconstruction: El Lissitzky’s Horizontal Skyscraper WB2” explores the work of another visionary work of the twentieth century—El Lissitzky’s Wolkenbügel WB2, engaging in a process of speculative reconstruction of an unbuilt structure thus uncovering conditions not obvious in the existing design documentation. While taking interpretative liberties, the authors’ continuation of Lissitzky’s iterative design process is based on selected evidence, uniting the design process, applied research, and speculative reconstruction. “From Efficiency to Exhaustion: Computer-Aided Architecture at the Madrid Calculation Center (1968–1973)” analyzes the work of an unexplored case study, an institution tasked with the algorithmizing of creativity. Diana Cristobal Olave argues that the reorganization of the design process driven by algorithmic techniques at the Calculation Center at the University of Madrid did not result in efficient procedures, but an exhaustive (and exhausting) abundance and lengthy methodologies. The criticism and recontextualization of th","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"19 1","pages":"44 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83555278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967057
Vasiliki Fragkia, I. Foged, Anke Pasold
This article presents a new design framework for the specification and prototyping of geometrically and behaviorally complex materials with graded properties, coined predictive information modeling (PIM). The contribution is the development of new circular design workflows employing machine learning for predicting fabrication files based on performance and design requirements. The aim is linking endogenous capacities as well as exogenous environmental dynamics of graded materials, as an approach to material focused intelligent design systems. Using two experimental case studies, the research demonstrates PIM as an applied design framework for addressing (1) material uncertainty, (2) multi-scale data integration, and (3) cyclical fabrication workflows. Through the analysis of these models, we demonstrate research methods that are validated for design applications, review their implications, and discuss further trajectories.
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Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967060
Jeffrey Huang, M. Johanes, Frederick Chando Kim, C. Doumpioti, Georg-Christoph Holz
Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) hold considerable promise in architecture, especially in the early, creative stages of design. However, while GANs are capable of producing infinite numbers of new designs based on a given dataset, the architectural relevance and meaningfulness of the results have been questionable. This paper presents an experimental research method to examine how human and artificial intelligences can inform each other to generate new designs that are culturally and architecturally meaningful. The paper contributes to our understanding of GANs in architecture by describing the nuances of different GAN models (SAGAN vs DCGAN) for the generation of new designs, and the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for the conceptual analysis of results.
{"title":"On GANs, NLP and Architecture: Combining Human and Machine Intelligences for the Generation and Evaluation of Meaningful Designs","authors":"Jeffrey Huang, M. Johanes, Frederick Chando Kim, C. Doumpioti, Georg-Christoph Holz","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967060","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) hold considerable promise in architecture, especially in the early, creative stages of design. However, while GANs are capable of producing infinite numbers of new designs based on a given dataset, the architectural relevance and meaningfulness of the results have been questionable. This paper presents an experimental research method to examine how human and artificial intelligences can inform each other to generate new designs that are culturally and architecturally meaningful. The paper contributes to our understanding of GANs in architecture by describing the nuances of different GAN models (SAGAN vs DCGAN) for the generation of new designs, and the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for the conceptual analysis of results.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"7 1","pages":"207 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90458496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967025
Caryn Brause, C. Ford, C. Kraus, Gregory A. Luhan, S. Murray, W. Newman, C. Olsen, J. Ripple, A. Schultz, M. Uihlein, Julian Wang, A. Zarzycki
{"title":"Reflections on Five Years of TAD","authors":"Caryn Brause, C. Ford, C. Kraus, Gregory A. Luhan, S. Murray, W. Newman, C. Olsen, J. Ripple, A. Schultz, M. Uihlein, Julian Wang, A. Zarzycki","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"1 1","pages":"119 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91220609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967048
Gregory A. Luhan
T A D 5 : 2 Intelligence without action is inert. As the solicited contributions to this volume demonstrate, actionable intelligence relies on a common ground from which architecture and allied disciplines can leverage depths and breadths of knowledge to mobilize new technologies. The Op/Positions essays examine preexisting local knowledge in historical places, enhance discovery through systems-based workflows, and foster the transformational shift from invisible smartness to holistic, design trade-offs that produce more humane and cooperative cities. As Jyoti Hosagrahar notes, place-intelligence provides current generations with a scalable and reflective framework that values the past, promotes deeper foundations, and connects resilient community design and well-being to informed decision-making. Similarly, Azam Khan posits a systems-based approach for leveraging existing knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems holistically. The emergent metaheuristic tools expand architectural design ability, enhance discovery, and yield more energy-efficient and less wasteful buildings. Norbert Streitz advocates for resetting priorities at an urban scale and generating principles that simultaneously privilege the individual and the collective. The resulting types of affordances and ethical alignments could balance data harvesting with people’s need for interactive, communicative, and cooperative spaces and places. The Research Methodology contributions critically examine a site’s latent potential and propose challenging new ways for testing and improving the lived condition at all scales. Whether at the intimate scale of one human-robot interaction or applied to industry-level protocols or full-scale testing scenarios, real-world applied research design necessitates collecting and analyzing large data sets. Jim Tørresen examines predictive intelligent system design, comprising ethical sensor data collection, robot interaction, and human-centric artificial intelligence to anticipate and respond to elderly care needs. Integrating artificial intelligence and problem-solving best practices can interactively adapt to a user’s needs and draw upon years of industry-based construction knowledge. Lukas Kirner, Elisa Lublasser, and Sigrid Brell-Cokcan developed enhanced methods for elevating existing construction industry processes through interdisciplinary collaboration, robot-assisted interaction, laboratory experimentation, factoryto-field investigation, and full-scale testing. The jump from laboratory experiments to full-scale prototyping requires the refinement of previous data exchanges and information flows to produce generalizable results. Maintaining quantitative and qualitative data research design, controlled trials, and procedural rigor requires close monitoring and comparison of real-time data collections and digital simulations. In their Details+ contribution, Jonathan Heppner and Thomas Robinson deployed intelligent testing on an innovative post-
{"title":"Scaling Intelligence","authors":"Gregory A. Luhan","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967048","url":null,"abstract":"T A D 5 : 2 Intelligence without action is inert. As the solicited contributions to this volume demonstrate, actionable intelligence relies on a common ground from which architecture and allied disciplines can leverage depths and breadths of knowledge to mobilize new technologies. The Op/Positions essays examine preexisting local knowledge in historical places, enhance discovery through systems-based workflows, and foster the transformational shift from invisible smartness to holistic, design trade-offs that produce more humane and cooperative cities. As Jyoti Hosagrahar notes, place-intelligence provides current generations with a scalable and reflective framework that values the past, promotes deeper foundations, and connects resilient community design and well-being to informed decision-making. Similarly, Azam Khan posits a systems-based approach for leveraging existing knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems holistically. The emergent metaheuristic tools expand architectural design ability, enhance discovery, and yield more energy-efficient and less wasteful buildings. Norbert Streitz advocates for resetting priorities at an urban scale and generating principles that simultaneously privilege the individual and the collective. The resulting types of affordances and ethical alignments could balance data harvesting with people’s need for interactive, communicative, and cooperative spaces and places. The Research Methodology contributions critically examine a site’s latent potential and propose challenging new ways for testing and improving the lived condition at all scales. Whether at the intimate scale of one human-robot interaction or applied to industry-level protocols or full-scale testing scenarios, real-world applied research design necessitates collecting and analyzing large data sets. Jim Tørresen examines predictive intelligent system design, comprising ethical sensor data collection, robot interaction, and human-centric artificial intelligence to anticipate and respond to elderly care needs. Integrating artificial intelligence and problem-solving best practices can interactively adapt to a user’s needs and draw upon years of industry-based construction knowledge. Lukas Kirner, Elisa Lublasser, and Sigrid Brell-Cokcan developed enhanced methods for elevating existing construction industry processes through interdisciplinary collaboration, robot-assisted interaction, laboratory experimentation, factoryto-field investigation, and full-scale testing. The jump from laboratory experiments to full-scale prototyping requires the refinement of previous data exchanges and information flows to produce generalizable results. Maintaining quantitative and qualitative data research design, controlled trials, and procedural rigor requires close monitoring and comparison of real-time data collections and digital simulations. In their Details+ contribution, Jonathan Heppner and Thomas Robinson deployed intelligent testing on an innovative post-","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"3 1","pages":"122 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80592721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967050
Norbert A. Streitz
{"title":"From Smart-Only Cities Towards Humane and Cooperative Hybrid Cities","authors":"Norbert A. Streitz","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"40 1","pages":"127 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77578651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967065
Karen M. Kensek
Peter Kerr is a Director at Atelier Ten. Peter has over 25 years of experience working in building services design, and has practice interests that include circadian lighting, health and wellness in the workplace, assessing the All-Electric Future, and the integration and implementation of smart building technologies. Recently Kerr presented at the #DesignPopUp on the Future of Workplace Design at Digital Week for Learning Places Scotland, and at the Inclusive Learning Environments Show. BIM: Enhancing Workflows with Add-Ins
Peter Kerr是Atelier Ten的总监。Peter在建筑服务设计方面拥有超过25年的工作经验，并有实践兴趣，包括昼夜节律照明，工作场所的健康和保健，评估全电动未来，以及智能建筑技术的集成和实施。最近，Kerr在苏格兰学习场所数字周的#DesignPopUp上发表了关于未来工作场所设计的演讲，并参加了包容性学习环境展。BIM:使用插件增强工作流
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Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967055
Gregory A. Luhan
Intelligence resides between sensing and acting. Intelligence, through data-driven technology and virtual experimentation, drives capacity and catalyzes learning, understanding, and applying knowledge through tacit, explicit, haptic, visual, human, and artificial forms. Through this broad understanding, intelligence need not be future-focused. For instance, indigenous science, biomimetics, and the complex intelligence inherent to informal settlements can inform artificial intelligence (AI) through robotic-assisted manufacturing, machine manipulation, and iterative, modification-based approaches in design. While these processes relinquish some agency to machines, they can also establish creative synergy for designers, ultimately enabling more responsive and responsible built environments.
{"title":"Intelligence: Call for Papers","authors":"Gregory A. Luhan","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967055","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligence resides between sensing and acting. Intelligence, through data-driven technology and virtual experimentation, drives capacity and catalyzes learning, understanding, and applying knowledge through tacit, explicit, haptic, visual, human, and artificial forms. Through this broad understanding, intelligence need not be future-focused. For instance, indigenous science, biomimetics, and the complex intelligence inherent to informal settlements can inform artificial intelligence (AI) through robotic-assisted manufacturing, machine manipulation, and iterative, modification-based approaches in design. While these processes relinquish some agency to machines, they can also establish creative synergy for designers, ultimately enabling more responsive and responsible built environments.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"30 1","pages":"160 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91293690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967062
Peter Kerr
smartphones, and even the light sensors we use within our built environments. While we can use any connected device, there is only one system that is prevalent throughout a building—lighting. The deployment of a smart lighting control solution provides a single overarching system that enables digital touchpoints throughout the building and creates an observer grid. Lighting control companies are developing traditional lighting control presence sensors into combined smart sensors that can collect more data about the space where they are located. Comparing Sensor Solutions in Practice: Philips Interact and Siemens Enlighted
{"title":"Comparing Sensor Solutions in Practice: Philips Interact and Siemens Enlighted","authors":"Peter Kerr","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967062","url":null,"abstract":"smartphones, and even the light sensors we use within our built environments. While we can use any connected device, there is only one system that is prevalent throughout a building—lighting. The deployment of a smart lighting control solution provides a single overarching system that enables digital touchpoints throughout the building and creates an observer grid. Lighting control companies are developing traditional lighting control presence sensors into combined smart sensors that can collect more data about the space where they are located. Comparing Sensor Solutions in Practice: Philips Interact and Siemens Enlighted","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"28 1","pages":"242 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88495232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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