Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040306
Andrew J. Witt, Eunu Kim
New technologies of machine vision and artificial intelligence (AI) are opening fresh avenues to catalog and compare the entire corpus of built architecture. While neural net technology is rightly embraced as a promising generative paradigm for architecture, it also holds enormous promise for historical work, notably the automatic scanning and organization of as-built imagery and video of buildings and cities. We argue that one may apply AI-driven machine vision tools to scan and classify architectural imagery based on stylistic and morphological considerations. Combined with data science methods, such tools enable a comprehensive view of historic architectural features and types.
{"title":"Neural Image Classifiers for Historical Building Elements and Typologies","authors":"Andrew J. Witt, Eunu Kim","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040306","url":null,"abstract":"New technologies of machine vision and artificial intelligence (AI) are opening fresh avenues to catalog and compare the entire corpus of built architecture. While neural net technology is rightly embraced as a promising generative paradigm for architecture, it also holds enormous promise for historical work, notably the automatic scanning and organization of as-built imagery and video of buildings and cities. We argue that one may apply AI-driven machine vision tools to scan and classify architectural imagery based on stylistic and morphological considerations. Combined with data science methods, such tools enable a comprehensive view of historic architectural features and types.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"48 1","pages":"80 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90460128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040308
Y. Yi, Keunhyuk Jang, Andrew Chun-An Wei, Bhujon Kang, Manal Anis
This paper demonstrates a design method that integrates various computational tools such as Rhinoceros, the artificial neural network from MATLAB, and computational fluid dynamics from Eddy3D to search for the optimal aerodynamic geometries for a wind turbine. It introduces a site-specific microclimate analysis method that can maximize site-specific wind energy potential. Through the integration of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and artificial neural networks (ANN), the study was able to find the optimized shape to maximize the wind potential for the specific test site. These ANN models use fewer computational resources and less time with reasonable average regression values up to 0.96. The result shows improvement of the annual hourly wind speed around the wind turbine up to 13.24 m/s. It would be beneficial to test the proposed method with actual performance to improve the proposed method.
{"title":"Designing a Pavilion that Generates Electricity","authors":"Y. Yi, Keunhyuk Jang, Andrew Chun-An Wei, Bhujon Kang, Manal Anis","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040308","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates a design method that integrates various computational tools such as Rhinoceros, the artificial neural network from MATLAB, and computational fluid dynamics from Eddy3D to search for the optimal aerodynamic geometries for a wind turbine. It introduces a site-specific microclimate analysis method that can maximize site-specific wind energy potential. Through the integration of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and artificial neural networks (ANN), the study was able to find the optimized shape to maximize the wind potential for the specific test site. These ANN models use fewer computational resources and less time with reasonable average regression values up to 0.96. The result shows improvement of the annual hourly wind speed around the wind turbine up to 13.24 m/s. It would be beneficial to test the proposed method with actual performance to improve the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"111 1","pages":"100 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83437150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040305
Mohammad Makki, Diego Navarro-Mateu, M. Showkatbakhsh
The application of population-based optimization algorithms in design is heavily driven by the translation and analysis of various data sets that represent a design problem; in evolutionary-based algorithms, these data sets are illustrated through two primary data streams: genes and fitness functions. The latter is frequently examined when analyzing the algorithm’s output, and the former is comparatively less so. This paper examines the role of genomic analysis in applying multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) in design. The results demonstrate the significance of utilizing the genetic analysis to understand better the relationships between parameters used in the design problem’s formulation and differentiate between morphological differences in the algorithmic output not commonly observed through fitness-based analyses.
{"title":"Decoding the Architectural Genome: Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms in Design","authors":"Mohammad Makki, Diego Navarro-Mateu, M. Showkatbakhsh","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040305","url":null,"abstract":"The application of population-based optimization algorithms in design is heavily driven by the translation and analysis of various data sets that represent a design problem; in evolutionary-based algorithms, these data sets are illustrated through two primary data streams: genes and fitness functions. The latter is frequently examined when analyzing the algorithm’s output, and the former is comparatively less so. This paper examines the role of genomic analysis in applying multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) in design. The results demonstrate the significance of utilizing the genetic analysis to understand better the relationships between parameters used in the design problem’s formulation and differentiate between morphological differences in the algorithmic output not commonly observed through fitness-based analyses.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"28 1","pages":"68 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87429549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040299
J. Marcoux, A. Leifeste
The last decade has seen a relatively quiet revolution happening within historic preservation. The field experienced a steady increase in digital technologies to document the historic built environment. Many practitioners now have access to a suite of documentation methodologies that employ digital-based equipment and software (e.g., light detection and ranging [LiDAR], ground-penetrating radar [GPR], high-density laser scanning, digital photogrammetry). This access to new techniques has led to a shift in some of the research questions being investigated and the scale of the investigations. In this paper, we present case studies from our work in Charleston, SC, highlighting the application of digital technologies to the documentation of the historic built environment at two scales—the individual building and the landscape.
{"title":"Impact of Digital Technologies on Historic Preservation Research at Multiple Scales","authors":"J. Marcoux, A. Leifeste","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040299","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has seen a relatively quiet revolution happening within historic preservation. The field experienced a steady increase in digital technologies to document the historic built environment. Many practitioners now have access to a suite of documentation methodologies that employ digital-based equipment and software (e.g., light detection and ranging [LiDAR], ground-penetrating radar [GPR], high-density laser scanning, digital photogrammetry). This access to new techniques has led to a shift in some of the research questions being investigated and the scale of the investigations. In this paper, we present case studies from our work in Charleston, SC, highlighting the application of digital technologies to the documentation of the historic built environment at two scales—the individual building and the landscape.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"4 1","pages":"22 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87540446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040297
A. Picon
T A D 6 : 1 Digital Technology and Architecture: Towards a Symmetrical Approach Should we take technology as an external factor impacting design literally from the outside? For the past 50 years, science and technology studies (STS) have insisted on the inseparability of technology and the social. This has fostered a better understanding of how technology and society are “coproduced” to use Sheila Jasanoff’s concept. But despite the academic success of this approach, there is still a tendency to consider technological development as an external factor in domains like architecture and urban design. This is not only detrimental to the understanding of the true nature of the relationships of technology and architecture, hampering a proper grasp of episodes like the various attempts made to industrialize building construction in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It also limits our understanding of the agency of architecture, of what it truly achieves at a scale broader than buildings. In other words, the relationship between technology and design still appears asymmetrical. This article challenges such asymmetry by arguing one should envisage technology and design as partners in broad social and cultural changes. The tendency to treat technology as an external factor is especially pronounced in the case of the digital. The dominant narrative argues that the computer became of common use in architectural design only in the mid-1990s, hence the seminal role attributed to episodes like the “paperless” studio at Columbia University’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, which explored the possibilities offered by the machine for architectural education. Even if this narrative is repeatedly criticized for reasons ranging from its disregard for previous experiments to its particular focus on the North American scene, as if the digital culture in architecture had been only an American endeavor from the beginning, it still exerts a pervasive influence on how the digital is understood in architecture. The very notion of a “digital turn” in architecture is usually described from this perspective. It has been accompanied by a discourse on neo-digital avant-gardes which continues to this day. Historian Mario Carpo’s work is emblematic of this direction. His book, The Alphabet and the Algorithm (2011) is supportive of a series of avant-garde architectural practices exploring the possibilities offered by parametric variation. In The Second Digital Turn: Design Beyond Intelligence (2017) he showcases a series of designers considered as representative of the new perspectives opened by the introduction of artificial intelligence in architecture.
{"title":"Digital Technology and Architecture: Towards a Symmetrical Approach","authors":"A. Picon","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040297","url":null,"abstract":"T A D 6 : 1 Digital Technology and Architecture: Towards a Symmetrical Approach Should we take technology as an external factor impacting design literally from the outside? For the past 50 years, science and technology studies (STS) have insisted on the inseparability of technology and the social. This has fostered a better understanding of how technology and society are “coproduced” to use Sheila Jasanoff’s concept. But despite the academic success of this approach, there is still a tendency to consider technological development as an external factor in domains like architecture and urban design. This is not only detrimental to the understanding of the true nature of the relationships of technology and architecture, hampering a proper grasp of episodes like the various attempts made to industrialize building construction in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It also limits our understanding of the agency of architecture, of what it truly achieves at a scale broader than buildings. In other words, the relationship between technology and design still appears asymmetrical. This article challenges such asymmetry by arguing one should envisage technology and design as partners in broad social and cultural changes. The tendency to treat technology as an external factor is especially pronounced in the case of the digital. The dominant narrative argues that the computer became of common use in architectural design only in the mid-1990s, hence the seminal role attributed to episodes like the “paperless” studio at Columbia University’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, which explored the possibilities offered by the machine for architectural education. Even if this narrative is repeatedly criticized for reasons ranging from its disregard for previous experiments to its particular focus on the North American scene, as if the digital culture in architecture had been only an American endeavor from the beginning, it still exerts a pervasive influence on how the digital is understood in architecture. The very notion of a “digital turn” in architecture is usually described from this perspective. It has been accompanied by a discourse on neo-digital avant-gardes which continues to this day. Historian Mario Carpo’s work is emblematic of this direction. His book, The Alphabet and the Algorithm (2011) is supportive of a series of avant-garde architectural practices exploring the possibilities offered by parametric variation. In The Second Digital Turn: Design Beyond Intelligence (2017) he showcases a series of designers considered as representative of the new perspectives opened by the introduction of artificial intelligence in architecture.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"21 1","pages":"10 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73259345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040304
Diana Cristóbal Olave
This paper proposes the notion of exhaustion as an alternative paradigm to study postwar historiographies of computer-aided architecture. Delving into a new case study—the Calculation Center of the University of Madrid—it aims to respond to the following question: why was the computer consistently described as a tool that would expedite design work and yet used to produce delirious and repetitive combinatorial architectural designs? This paper characterizes such designs as exhaustive. Exhaustion—unlike efficiency or optimization—was time-consuming and costly yet considered worthy because it promised variability within a repetitive step-by-step process. In the pursuit of exhaustion, architects developed a new vocabulary of “variations,” “alternatives,” and “choices” that promised to express change within a step-by-step recurring methodology.
{"title":"From Efficiency to Exhaustion: Computer-Aided Architecture at the Madrid Calculation Center (1968–1973)","authors":"Diana Cristóbal Olave","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the notion of exhaustion as an alternative paradigm to study postwar historiographies of computer-aided architecture. Delving into a new case study—the Calculation Center of the University of Madrid—it aims to respond to the following question: why was the computer consistently described as a tool that would expedite design work and yet used to produce delirious and repetitive combinatorial architectural designs? This paper characterizes such designs as exhaustive. Exhaustion—unlike efficiency or optimization—was time-consuming and costly yet considered worthy because it promised variability within a repetitive step-by-step process. In the pursuit of exhaustion, architects developed a new vocabulary of “variations,” “alternatives,” and “choices” that promised to express change within a step-by-step recurring methodology.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"4 1","pages":"59 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84301726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040309
Gabrielle Brainard
Extensively referenced and mostly well illustrated, this book deserves to be in every architecture school library and is likely to provide the material for seminars, discussions and debates on race in architecture in the US and internationally. From my viewpoint in advocating for the global south, I hope this book will be made accessible to academics there, too, perhaps as a discounted or open-access digital resource.
{"title":"Modern Architecture and Climate: Design Before Air Conditioning","authors":"Gabrielle Brainard","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040309","url":null,"abstract":"Extensively referenced and mostly well illustrated, this book deserves to be in every architecture school library and is likely to provide the material for seminars, discussions and debates on race in architecture in the US and internationally. From my viewpoint in advocating for the global south, I hope this book will be made accessible to academics there, too, perhaps as a discounted or open-access digital resource.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"133 1","pages":"117 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74404006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2022.2040298
Rachel L. Will
{"title":"Digital Techniques in Historic Preservation","authors":"Rachel L. Will","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2022.2040298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2022.2040298","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":"2009 1","pages":"15 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88163762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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