Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176149
Johannes van der Wielen, Hans-Christian Wilhelm
Existing research into computational methods to optimize material usage in timber building structures often results in highly differentiated structures and individualized members, which have less potential for dis- and reassembly in a circular economy. This research proposes and uses a novel synergetic optimization software that integrates various criteria, including structural design, manufacturing, and space planning. It aims to reconcile opposing objectives (minimizing structural material use and complexity) for a structural kit-of-parts system. By using the software, a balanced design solution reconciles both objectives. Results that show a significant reduction in mass per usable floor area are achieved while only moderately increasing the complexity of the structure and achieving a more robust presence and readability in space.
{"title":"Synergetic Optimization of Timber Structures and Space","authors":"Johannes van der Wielen, Hans-Christian Wilhelm","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176149","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research into computational methods to optimize material usage in timber building structures often results in highly differentiated structures and individualized members, which have less potential for dis- and reassembly in a circular economy. This research proposes and uses a novel synergetic optimization software that integrates various criteria, including structural design, manufacturing, and space planning. It aims to reconcile opposing objectives (minimizing structural material use and complexity) for a structural kit-of-parts system. By using the software, a balanced design solution reconciles both objectives. Results that show a significant reduction in mass per usable floor area are achieved while only moderately increasing the complexity of the structure and achieving a more robust presence and readability in space.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73889693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176143
N. Emami
This research hypothesizes that designers can use engineering problem-solving tools such as topology optimization for architectural design explorations beyond optimizing a design domain with predefined boundary conditions. Engineering, in this sense, is not just an after-the-fact consideration or an assessment tool but an integrative part of the design process. We selected the design of architectural precast concrete elements for façades as a case study to demonstrate how defining the design problem leads to different solutions. The discipline of architecture has increased awareness of the environmental impact of material use; thus, it is important to employ design methods that create structural geometries that do more with less. The results of this study demonstrate innovative design approaches for designers.
{"title":"Topology Optimization: A Case Study of Precast Panels","authors":"N. Emami","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176143","url":null,"abstract":"This research hypothesizes that designers can use engineering problem-solving tools such as topology optimization for architectural design explorations beyond optimizing a design domain with predefined boundary conditions. Engineering, in this sense, is not just an after-the-fact consideration or an assessment tool but an integrative part of the design process. We selected the design of architectural precast concrete elements for façades as a case study to demonstrate how defining the design problem leads to different solutions. The discipline of architecture has increased awareness of the environmental impact of material use; thus, it is important to employ design methods that create structural geometries that do more with less. The results of this study demonstrate innovative design approaches for designers.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81135569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176144
Iman Fayyad
This research explores the generation of a novel syntax for architecture driven by the preserved proportions of 4 ft. x 8 ft. rectangular sheets of flexible material. The primary goal is to develop strategies that reduce or eliminate material waste in small-scale public installations by leveraging the full dimensions of standard stock material as a building block. Following a brief survey on how geometric definition and construction sequences informed tectonic assemblies of the past, this paper introduces a subset of curved crease folding that uses planar reflections (sectional mirror operations) to create unique spatial and structural vocabularies by avoiding material offcuts entirely. Finally, the research illustrates a full-scale prototype that tests the effectiveness of the process in the form of a shade structure in a local neighborhood park.
{"title":"Mapping Rectangles to Cylinders: Waste-Conscious Constructions of Curved Structural Surfaces","authors":"Iman Fayyad","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176144","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the generation of a novel syntax for architecture driven by the preserved proportions of 4 ft. x 8 ft. rectangular sheets of flexible material. The primary goal is to develop strategies that reduce or eliminate material waste in small-scale public installations by leveraging the full dimensions of standard stock material as a building block. Following a brief survey on how geometric definition and construction sequences informed tectonic assemblies of the past, this paper introduces a subset of curved crease folding that uses planar reflections (sectional mirror operations) to create unique spatial and structural vocabularies by avoiding material offcuts entirely. Finally, the research illustrates a full-scale prototype that tests the effectiveness of the process in the form of a shade structure in a local neighborhood park.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83408988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176135
Phillip Hudson
{"title":"Bishop Edward King Chapel, Ripon College, Oxfordshire","authors":"Phillip Hudson","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91360205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176139
A. Schlueter
{"title":"The HiLo Integrated Floor: Reviewing the Relation Between Structural and Environmental Systems","authors":"A. Schlueter","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79421746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176142
William W. Braham
TA D 7 : 1 or triple glass units, unless comprehensive modeling is done to demonstrate that the building satisfies energy targets. Some of that backlash likely involved a rebellion against the postmodernist articulation of punched openings in curtain walls. However, the fascination with DSFs seems to have deeper origins than these historical conditions and precedents might suggest. Beginning with the mythical discovery of glass under a sailor’s fire on a beach, glass has been the subject of fascination because of its phenomenal properties (Pliny the Elder 1963). Glass has the same relationship with light as water, metal, and crystals; it can be transparent, reflective, or both together; it is a liquid and a solid and casts only ephemeral shadows like air. Mies’s exploration of transparency was formed in opposition to the quasi-occult speculations of the Expressionists around Bruno Taut and Paul Scheerbart, often discounted as steps to proper modern transparency. The contemporary valorization of transparency, which can signal political or institutional openness and even progress itself, only partly conceals the enduring interest in luminous reflections. It could be the power of glass to simultaneously reveal and conceal that keeps the fascination with DSFs alive. Properly understood, DSFs are just a transparent mechanism for capturing and moving heat. Ductwork and HVAC equipment hold no such fascination, but a transparent enclosure serving the same function becomes a technical marvel.
{"title":"Bioclimatic Double-Skin Façades","authors":"William W. Braham","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176142","url":null,"abstract":"TA D 7 : 1 or triple glass units, unless comprehensive modeling is done to demonstrate that the building satisfies energy targets. Some of that backlash likely involved a rebellion against the postmodernist articulation of punched openings in curtain walls. However, the fascination with DSFs seems to have deeper origins than these historical conditions and precedents might suggest. Beginning with the mythical discovery of glass under a sailor’s fire on a beach, glass has been the subject of fascination because of its phenomenal properties (Pliny the Elder 1963). Glass has the same relationship with light as water, metal, and crystals; it can be transparent, reflective, or both together; it is a liquid and a solid and casts only ephemeral shadows like air. Mies’s exploration of transparency was formed in opposition to the quasi-occult speculations of the Expressionists around Bruno Taut and Paul Scheerbart, often discounted as steps to proper modern transparency. The contemporary valorization of transparency, which can signal political or institutional openness and even progress itself, only partly conceals the enduring interest in luminous reflections. It could be the power of glass to simultaneously reveal and conceal that keeps the fascination with DSFs alive. Properly understood, DSFs are just a transparent mechanism for capturing and moving heat. Ductwork and HVAC equipment hold no such fascination, but a transparent enclosure serving the same function becomes a technical marvel.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87371670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176129
A. Beim
Three Statements About Contemporary Tectonics We see increased attention to how buildings are built and expected to live over time, including the entire life cycle of the building and the materials. This tendency is particularly evident in countries interested in sustainable growth based on a circular economy, but also in countries with population growth and fast-rising economies that result in rapid urban development and high demands for natural resources.1 These topics are equally addressed at the global policy level, such as the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). In their Global Status Reports for Building and Construction, there have been growing concerns regarding material scarcity, reduction of carbon emissions generated by construction, and overall environmental problems related to buildings.2 The latter environmental problems call for robust strategies to handle the pollutive effects of construction and the waste from demolished buildings that point to the problem of how to reuse salvaged construction materials for new purposes. These challenging issues are reinforced by the present construction industry primarily based on a linear understanding of material consumption. It depends on construction methods that integrate efficient and highly processed materials such as concrete, steel, and glass, which depend on significant amounts of nonregenerative raw materials like sand, natural stone, metals, and other critical resources such as fossil fuels and large amounts of water.3 Nevertheless, new buildings and cities are being built worldwide at a relentless speed, as if none of these severe issues related to contemporary construction that will affect human civilization are seen as threats worth considering or acting upon Anne Beim Royal Danish Academy Ecologies of Tectonics
{"title":"Ecologies of Tectonics","authors":"A. Beim","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176129","url":null,"abstract":"Three Statements About Contemporary Tectonics We see increased attention to how buildings are built and expected to live over time, including the entire life cycle of the building and the materials. This tendency is particularly evident in countries interested in sustainable growth based on a circular economy, but also in countries with population growth and fast-rising economies that result in rapid urban development and high demands for natural resources.1 These topics are equally addressed at the global policy level, such as the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). In their Global Status Reports for Building and Construction, there have been growing concerns regarding material scarcity, reduction of carbon emissions generated by construction, and overall environmental problems related to buildings.2 The latter environmental problems call for robust strategies to handle the pollutive effects of construction and the waste from demolished buildings that point to the problem of how to reuse salvaged construction materials for new purposes. These challenging issues are reinforced by the present construction industry primarily based on a linear understanding of material consumption. It depends on construction methods that integrate efficient and highly processed materials such as concrete, steel, and glass, which depend on significant amounts of nonregenerative raw materials like sand, natural stone, metals, and other critical resources such as fossil fuels and large amounts of water.3 Nevertheless, new buildings and cities are being built worldwide at a relentless speed, as if none of these severe issues related to contemporary construction that will affect human civilization are seen as threats worth considering or acting upon Anne Beim Royal Danish Academy Ecologies of Tectonics","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91368432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176130
E. Ford
What is the relationship between the historical events in Figure 1? The timeline contains a prophecy and a history. The prophecy was the factory-made house. It seemed obvious to Gropius that the modern house would soon be built like the modern car, and it would happen as quickly as the assembly line. History is the fate of this prophecy over the next hundred years: countless prototypes, countless failures, and a few short-lived success stories. We should understand why this prophecy was not fulfilled, but I wish to explore why this dream and others like it persisted in the face of so many unsuccessful initiatives. Modern architecture is full of large-scale, long-term prophecies of technical and tectonic change. Borrowing a phrase from JeanFrançois Lyotard, I will call these phenomena metanarratives. Modernism is full of them, and they are often failures. The following four buildings are exemplary.
{"title":"The Long Wait for the Inevitable: Metanarratives of Construction","authors":"E. Ford","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2023.2176130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2023.2176130","url":null,"abstract":"What is the relationship between the historical events in Figure 1? The timeline contains a prophecy and a history. The prophecy was the factory-made house. It seemed obvious to Gropius that the modern house would soon be built like the modern car, and it would happen as quickly as the assembly line. History is the fate of this prophecy over the next hundred years: countless prototypes, countless failures, and a few short-lived success stories. We should understand why this prophecy was not fulfilled, but I wish to explore why this dream and others like it persisted in the face of so many unsuccessful initiatives. Modern architecture is full of large-scale, long-term prophecies of technical and tectonic change. Borrowing a phrase from JeanFrançois Lyotard, I will call these phenomena metanarratives. Modernism is full of them, and they are often failures. The following four buildings are exemplary.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176140
W. Sobek, H. Hinz
Standing at approximately 246 m (807.08 ft.), the ThyssenKrupp elevator company’s Test Tower in the town of Rottweil is one of the tallest buildings in Germany. The tower was designed by Werner Sobek together with Helmut Jahn. It is used for testing and certifying innovative high-speed elevators. Both from an engineering and an architecture perspective, the ThyssenKrupp Test Tower was an extremely challenging structure that required close coordination between the planners, the contractors, and the client. The planning of the membrane envelope was particularly demanding, presenting the planners and the contractors with many new challenges. Since the second skin made of fabric played a special role regarding the targeted weight savings and the special design of the tower, it was the focus of the design process. The Test Tower is more than just a functional structure for researching and developing modern elevator technologies. Its 232 m (761.15 ft.) high public observation deck (the highest viewing platform in Germany) allows visitors to enjoy breathtaking views (Figure 1). Moreover, the structure is also the tallest textile-clad building in the world. This innovative textile skin is integral to the building’s architectural and structural concept (Figure 2). The client’s and the planners’ wish was to erect a materialefficient building in the shortest possible time that harmoniously fit into the surrounding landscape and the silhouette of Werner Sobek Werner Sobek AG
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