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Mapping Rectangles to Cylinders: Waste-Conscious Constructions of Curved Structural Surfaces 将矩形映射到圆柱体:曲面结构表面的浪费意识构造
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176144
Iman Fayyad
This research explores the generation of a novel syntax for architecture driven by the preserved proportions of 4 ft. x 8 ft. rectangular sheets of flexible material. The primary goal is to develop strategies that reduce or eliminate material waste in small-scale public installations by leveraging the full dimensions of standard stock material as a building block. Following a brief survey on how geometric definition and construction sequences informed tectonic assemblies of the past, this paper introduces a subset of curved crease folding that uses planar reflections (sectional mirror operations) to create unique spatial and structural vocabularies by avoiding material offcuts entirely. Finally, the research illustrates a full-scale prototype that tests the effectiveness of the process in the form of a shade structure in a local neighborhood park.
这项研究探索了一种由4英尺的保留比例驱动的新建筑语法的产生。X 8英尺弹性材料的矩形薄板主要目标是制定战略,通过充分利用标准库存材料作为建筑材料,减少或消除小规模公共设施中的材料浪费。在简要介绍了几何定义和构造序列如何影响过去的构造组合之后,本文介绍了弯曲折痕折叠的一个子集,该子集使用平面反射(截面镜像操作)来创建独特的空间和结构词汇,完全避免了材料的切割。最后,该研究展示了一个全尺寸的原型,以当地社区公园的阴影结构的形式测试了该过程的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Topology Optimization: A Case Study of Precast Panels 拓扑优化:预制板的案例研究
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176143
N. Emami
This research hypothesizes that designers can use engineering problem-solving tools such as topology optimization for architectural design explorations beyond optimizing a design domain with predefined boundary conditions. Engineering, in this sense, is not just an after-the-fact consideration or an assessment tool but an integrative part of the design process. We selected the design of architectural precast concrete elements for façades as a case study to demonstrate how defining the design problem leads to different solutions. The discipline of architecture has increased awareness of the environmental impact of material use; thus, it is important to employ design methods that create structural geometries that do more with less. The results of this study demonstrate innovative design approaches for designers.
这项研究假设,设计师可以使用工程问题解决工具,如拓扑优化,进行建筑设计探索,而不仅仅是优化具有预定义边界条件的设计领域。从这个意义上说,工程不仅仅是事后的考虑或评估工具,而是设计过程的一个整体部分。我们选择了建筑预制混凝土元素的设计作为案例研究,以展示如何定义设计问题导致不同的解决方案。建筑学科提高了人们对材料使用对环境影响的认识;因此,重要的是采用设计方法来创建结构几何,以更少的资源做更多的事情。本研究的结果为设计师展示了创新的设计方法。
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引用次数: 0
Synergetic Optimization of Timber Structures and Space 木结构与空间的协同优化
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176149
Johannes van der Wielen, Hans-Christian Wilhelm
Existing research into computational methods to optimize material usage in timber building structures often results in highly differentiated structures and individualized members, which have less potential for dis- and reassembly in a circular economy. This research proposes and uses a novel synergetic optimization software that integrates various criteria, including structural design, manufacturing, and space planning. It aims to reconcile opposing objectives (minimizing structural material use and complexity) for a structural kit-of-parts system. By using the software, a balanced design solution reconciles both objectives. Results that show a significant reduction in mass per usable floor area are achieved while only moderately increasing the complexity of the structure and achieving a more robust presence and readability in space.
现有的优化木结构材料使用的计算方法研究往往导致高度分化的结构和个性化的构件,这些构件在循环经济中具有较小的拆卸和重组潜力。本研究提出并使用了一种新型的协同优化软件,该软件集成了各种标准,包括结构设计、制造和空间规划。它旨在协调结构套件系统的对立目标(最大限度地减少结构材料的使用和复杂性)。通过使用该软件,平衡的设计解决方案可以调和这两个目标。结果显示,每个可用建筑面积的质量显著降低,同时只适度增加了结构的复杂性,并在空间中实现了更强大的存在感和可读性。
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引用次数: 0
Bishop Edward King Chapel, Ripon College, Oxfordshire 牛津郡里彭学院爱德华·金主教礼拜堂
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176135
Phillip Hudson
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引用次数: 0
The HiLo Integrated Floor: Reviewing the Relation Between Structural and Environmental Systems HiLo集成地板:结构与环境系统关系的回顾
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176139
A. Schlueter
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引用次数: 0
Bioclimatic Double-Skin Façades 生物气候双皮farades
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176142
William W. Braham
TA D 7 : 1 or triple glass units, unless comprehensive modeling is done to demonstrate that the building satisfies energy targets. Some of that backlash likely involved a rebellion against the postmodernist articulation of punched openings in curtain walls. However, the fascination with DSFs seems to have deeper origins than these historical conditions and precedents might suggest. Beginning with the mythical discovery of glass under a sailor’s fire on a beach, glass has been the subject of fascination because of its phenomenal properties (Pliny the Elder 1963). Glass has the same relationship with light as water, metal, and crystals; it can be transparent, reflective, or both together; it is a liquid and a solid and casts only ephemeral shadows like air. Mies’s exploration of transparency was formed in opposition to the quasi-occult speculations of the Expressionists around Bruno Taut and Paul Scheerbart, often discounted as steps to proper modern transparency. The contemporary valorization of transparency, which can signal political or institutional openness and even progress itself, only partly conceals the enduring interest in luminous reflections. It could be the power of glass to simultaneously reveal and conceal that keeps the fascination with DSFs alive. Properly understood, DSFs are just a transparent mechanism for capturing and moving heat. Ductwork and HVAC equipment hold no such fascination, but a transparent enclosure serving the same function becomes a technical marvel.
tad7.1或三层玻璃单元,除非进行了全面的建模,以证明建筑物符合能源目标。其中一些反弹可能涉及对后现代主义在幕墙上穿孔的表达方式的反叛。然而,对dsf的迷恋似乎有着比这些历史条件和先例所暗示的更深层次的起源。从沙滩上一名水手在火下发现玻璃的神话故事开始,玻璃因其非凡的特性而成为迷人的主题(老普林尼1963)。玻璃与光的关系与水、金属和晶体的关系相同;它可以是透明的,反射的,或者两者兼而有之;它是液体和固体,像空气一样只投下短暂的影子。密斯对透明度的探索是与布鲁诺·托特(Bruno Taut)和保罗·舍尔巴特(Paul Scheerbart)周围表现主义者的准神秘主义猜测相反形成的,后者通常被认为是迈向适当的现代透明度的步骤。当代对透明度的重视,可以标志着政治或体制的开放,甚至本身的进步,只是部分地掩盖了人们对发光反射的持久兴趣。可能是玻璃同时展现和隐藏的力量让dsf的魅力永存。正确理解,dsf只是一个透明的机制来捕获和移动热量。管道系统和暖通空调设备没有这样的魅力,但具有相同功能的透明外壳成为技术奇迹。
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引用次数: 0
The Long Wait for the Inevitable: Metanarratives of Construction 不可避免的漫长等待:建构的元叙事
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176130
E. Ford
What is the relationship between the historical events in Figure 1? The timeline contains a prophecy and a history. The prophecy was the factory-made house. It seemed obvious to Gropius that the modern house would soon be built like the modern car, and it would happen as quickly as the assembly line. History is the fate of this prophecy over the next hundred years: countless prototypes, countless failures, and a few short-lived success stories. We should understand why this prophecy was not fulfilled, but I wish to explore why this dream and others like it persisted in the face of so many unsuccessful initiatives. Modern architecture is full of large-scale, long-term prophecies of technical and tectonic change. Borrowing a phrase from JeanFrançois Lyotard, I will call these phenomena metanarratives. Modernism is full of them, and they are often failures. The following four buildings are exemplary.
图1中历史事件之间的关系是什么?时间线包含一个预言和一段历史。预言是工厂建造的房子。在格罗皮乌斯看来,很明显,现代房屋很快就会像现代汽车一样建成,而且会像装配线一样迅速建成。在接下来的一百年里,历史就是这个预言的命运:无数的原型,无数的失败,以及一些短暂的成功故事。我们应该理解为什么这个预言没有实现,但我希望探讨为什么这个梦想和其他类似的梦想在面对这么多不成功的倡议时仍然坚持下去。现代建筑充满了对技术和结构变化的大规模、长期的预言。借用让·弗朗索瓦·利奥塔的一句话,我将把这些现象称为元叙事。现代主义充满了这样的人,而他们往往是失败的。下面的四座建筑就是典型的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Ecologies of Tectonics 构造生态学
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176129
A. Beim
Three Statements About Contemporary Tectonics We see increased attention to how buildings are built and expected to live over time, including the entire life cycle of the building and the materials. This tendency is particularly evident in countries interested in sustainable growth based on a circular economy, but also in countries with population growth and fast-rising economies that result in rapid urban development and high demands for natural resources.1 These topics are equally addressed at the global policy level, such as the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). In their Global Status Reports for Building and Construction, there have been growing concerns regarding material scarcity, reduction of carbon emissions generated by construction, and overall environmental problems related to buildings.2 The latter environmental problems call for robust strategies to handle the pollutive effects of construction and the waste from demolished buildings that point to the problem of how to reuse salvaged construction materials for new purposes. These challenging issues are reinforced by the present construction industry primarily based on a linear understanding of material consumption. It depends on construction methods that integrate efficient and highly processed materials such as concrete, steel, and glass, which depend on significant amounts of nonregenerative raw materials like sand, natural stone, metals, and other critical resources such as fossil fuels and large amounts of water.3 Nevertheless, new buildings and cities are being built worldwide at a relentless speed, as if none of these severe issues related to contemporary construction that will affect human civilization are seen as threats worth considering or acting upon Anne Beim Royal Danish Academy Ecologies of Tectonics
我们看到人们越来越关注建筑的建造方式和预期寿命,包括建筑和材料的整个生命周期。这种趋势在对基于循环经济的可持续增长感兴趣的国家尤其明显,而且在人口增长和经济迅速增长的国家也特别明显,这些国家导致城市迅速发展和对自然资源的高需求这些议题同样在全球政策层面得到处理,例如联合国环境规划署(UNEP)。在他们的全球建筑现状报告中,人们越来越关注材料短缺,减少建筑产生的碳排放,以及与建筑有关的整体环境问题后一种环境问题需要强有力的战略来处理建筑的污染影响和拆除建筑物产生的废物,这就提出了如何将回收的建筑材料重新用于新目的的问题。目前的建筑行业主要基于对材料消耗的线性理解,从而加强了这些具有挑战性的问题。它依赖于将高效和高度加工的材料(如混凝土、钢铁和玻璃)结合在一起的建筑方法,而这些材料依赖于大量不可再生的原材料,如沙子、天然石材、金属和其他关键资源,如化石燃料和大量的水然而,新的建筑和城市正在世界范围内以无情的速度建造,似乎这些与当代建筑有关的严重问题都不值得考虑或采取行动,这些问题将影响人类文明
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引用次数: 0
TAD 7:1 Issue PDF TAD 7:1 Issue PDF
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2217739
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引用次数: 0
TK Test Tower in Rottweil or How a Membrane Envelope Saves Weight 罗特韦尔的TK测试塔或膜包膜如何减轻重量
0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2023.2176140
W. Sobek, H. Hinz
Standing at approximately 246 m (807.08 ft.), the ThyssenKrupp elevator company’s Test Tower in the town of Rottweil is one of the tallest buildings in Germany. The tower was designed by Werner Sobek together with Helmut Jahn. It is used for testing and certifying innovative high-speed elevators. Both from an engineering and an architecture perspective, the ThyssenKrupp Test Tower was an extremely challenging structure that required close coordination between the planners, the contractors, and the client. The planning of the membrane envelope was particularly demanding, presenting the planners and the contractors with many new challenges. Since the second skin made of fabric played a special role regarding the targeted weight savings and the special design of the tower, it was the focus of the design process. The Test Tower is more than just a functional structure for researching and developing modern elevator technologies. Its 232 m (761.15 ft.) high public observation deck (the highest viewing platform in Germany) allows visitors to enjoy breathtaking views (Figure 1). Moreover, the structure is also the tallest textile-clad building in the world. This innovative textile skin is integral to the building’s architectural and structural concept (Figure 2). The client’s and the planners’ wish was to erect a materialefficient building in the shortest possible time that harmoniously fit into the surrounding landscape and the silhouette of Werner Sobek Werner Sobek AG
位于罗特韦尔镇的蒂森克虏伯电梯公司的测试塔高约246米(807.08英尺),是德国最高的建筑之一。这座塔是由Werner Sobek和Helmut Jahn设计的。它用于测试和认证创新的高速电梯。从工程和建筑的角度来看,蒂森克虏伯测试塔是一个极具挑战性的结构,需要规划者、承包商和客户之间的密切协调。膜围护结构的规划要求特别高,给规划者和承包商带来了许多新的挑战。由于由织物制成的第二层皮肤在目标重量减轻和塔楼的特殊设计方面发挥了特殊作用,因此它是设计过程的重点。测试塔不仅仅是一个研究和开发现代电梯技术的功能结构。其232米(761.15英尺)高的公共观景台(德国最高的观景台)让游客可以欣赏到令人惊叹的景色(图1)。此外,该结构也是世界上最高的纺织品覆盖建筑。这种创新的纺织品表皮是建筑和结构概念不可或缺的一部分(图2)。客户和规划者的愿望是在尽可能短的时间内建造一座材料高效的建筑,和谐地融入周围的景观和Werner Sobek公司的轮廓
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Technology Architecture and Design
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