Pub Date : 2016-09-27DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1255487
A. A. Romanovsky
As I am writing this editorial, the United States is preparing for the presidential election. I have no appetite to talk about this particular election, but I would like to share some of my thoughts about the civil position of scientists, as citizens of their countries. How do scientists vote? Scientists are strange critters who typically spend their entire lives studying. First, they study formally for years and years—to obtain their degrees. Then they study informally for the rest of their lives—just because. In general, studying for a lifetime is not the easiest path one can select; it takes courage and conviction. One would expect that people who have chosen this path would vote for education-friendly candidates, parties, and propositions. One of my friends, Mikl os Sz ekely, professor emeritus at the University of P ecs Medical School in Hungary, told me about his dream to see each generation of Hungarian children receiving a better education than the previous, to see Hungary becoming a better country with each generation. Mikl os is a son of a teacher and a father of two teachers. (He is also a co-winner of one of the Temperature’s awards; see below.) Many scientists in other countries think in a similar way. They want to see a society that instead of (or at least in addition to) celebrating rock stars, football stars, and five-star generals, celebrates teachers—those who help children to discover stars, real stars. So how does one determine which party, program, or candidate is more education-friendly? To obtain a comprehensive answer to this question one would need to carefully consider a great number of factors. I will talk about only one of these factors, which I believe is often overlooked. It is the military agenda of the party or candidate. What? What does the military agenda have to do with education?
在我写这篇社论的时候，美国正在为总统选举做准备。我没有兴趣谈论这次特别的选举，但我想分享一些我对科学家作为他们国家公民的公民地位的看法。科学家是如何投票的?科学家是一种奇怪的生物，他们通常一生都在研究。首先，他们要经过年复一年的正式学习才能获得学位。然后他们余生都在非正式地学习——只是因为。总的来说，学习一辈子并不是一条最容易选择的道路;这需要勇气和信念。选择这条道路的人应该会投票给教育友好型的候选人、政党和提案。我的一个朋友，匈牙利佩斯大学医学院的名誉教授Mikl os Sz ekely告诉我，他的梦想是看到每一代匈牙利孩子都能接受比上一代更好的教育，看到匈牙利每一代都成为一个更好的国家。米克尔斯是一位老师的儿子，也是两位老师的父亲。(他也是温度奖的其中一个奖项的共同得主;见下文)。其他国家的许多科学家也有类似的想法。他们希望看到的社会不是(或者至少是在颂扬)摇滚明星、足球明星和五星上将，而是颂扬教师——那些帮助孩子们发现明星、真正的明星的人。那么，如何确定哪个政党、项目或候选人对教育更友好呢?要得到这个问题的全面答案，就需要仔细考虑许多因素。我将只谈论其中一个因素，我认为这是经常被忽视的。这是政党或候选人的军事议程。怎么啦？军事议程和教育有什么关系?
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Pub Date : 2016-09-27DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1240749
S. Schneider
ABSTRACT The underground gold mines of South Africa offer a unique historical setting to study heat acclimation. The early heat stress research was conducted and described by a young medical officer, Dr. Aldo Dreosti. He developed practical and specific protocols to first assess the heat tolerance of thousands of new mining recruits, and then used the screening results as the basis for assigning a heat acclimation protocol. The mines provide an interesting paradigm where the prevention of heat stroke evolved from genetic selection, where only Black natives were recruited due to a false assumption of their intrinsic tolerance to heat, to our current appreciation of the epigenetic and other molecular adaptations that occur with exposure to heat.
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Pub Date : 2016-09-02DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1229161
Rachele McAndrew, S. Helms Tillery
Wewrite this commentary as 2 animal lovers who run a nonhuman primate (NHP) laboratory. Steve Helms Tillery is a principal investigator (PI), and Rachele McAndrew is the Laboratory Coordinator for all of the primate labs at Arizona State University. Rachele was always an animal lover and grew up with many different pets ranging frommice to dogs. Even as a child, she dreamed of working with animals in some form. She entered college in pre-veterinary studies. Though plans changed, she did not give up on a career with animals. Instead, she ended up with a different focus, workingwith research animals. Steve grew up in a different environment. He did not have animals in his home, but he always loved being around animals of any kind. He was fascinated by their behaviors and their perception of the world, and enjoyed the casual bond that he was able to develop with domestic animals from rodents and dogs to horses and cows. And yet we both grew up to be active participants in animal research. To the outsider it may appear as if we turned our backs on early leanings toward animals: Rachele in particular gave up on her life goal of helping animals as a veterinarian. Indeed, we are both often asked how we can do what we do if we love animals. Steve feels no need to apologize for what he does: his work is part of an enterprise which contributes dramatic changes to health care and human health, and he understands that healthy primates provide the best data. Rachele amplifies that by pointing out that her love of animals is a crucial part of her job: it is important in this field to care for and provide routine veterinary care for the research animals. At times, laboratory animals receive evenmore care and attention than the average pet. However, it is clear to us that the general public does not understand the whole story regarding animal research. They may hear or read about the newest scientific breakthroughs with the help of research with animals, but in many cases the public perception of animal research is colored by the claims of animal activists who frequently foment an environment of controversy regarding animal research. The result is often negative. Public attacks on scientists can result in bad press for the researcher. This can lead to public antipathy toward animal scientists, who are often represented in popular media as unlikeable and untrustworthy. It is of little surprise that the average researcher does not feel comfortable discussing the day to day routine of their laboratory. Therefore we think it is important that the public gain another perspective regarding animal research, one directly from people like ourselves who carry out research. This editorial is one component of a larger effort to reach out to the scientific and broader communities about research with NHPs. Our goals includemaking positive changes in the way nonhuman primates are handled in research and raising a discussion regarding end-of-study decisions for these intelligen
{"title":"Laboratory primates: Their lives in and after research","authors":"Rachele McAndrew, S. Helms Tillery","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2016.1229161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2016.1229161","url":null,"abstract":"Wewrite this commentary as 2 animal lovers who run a nonhuman primate (NHP) laboratory. Steve Helms Tillery is a principal investigator (PI), and Rachele McAndrew is the Laboratory Coordinator for all of the primate labs at Arizona State University. Rachele was always an animal lover and grew up with many different pets ranging frommice to dogs. Even as a child, she dreamed of working with animals in some form. She entered college in pre-veterinary studies. Though plans changed, she did not give up on a career with animals. Instead, she ended up with a different focus, workingwith research animals. Steve grew up in a different environment. He did not have animals in his home, but he always loved being around animals of any kind. He was fascinated by their behaviors and their perception of the world, and enjoyed the casual bond that he was able to develop with domestic animals from rodents and dogs to horses and cows. And yet we both grew up to be active participants in animal research. To the outsider it may appear as if we turned our backs on early leanings toward animals: Rachele in particular gave up on her life goal of helping animals as a veterinarian. Indeed, we are both often asked how we can do what we do if we love animals. Steve feels no need to apologize for what he does: his work is part of an enterprise which contributes dramatic changes to health care and human health, and he understands that healthy primates provide the best data. Rachele amplifies that by pointing out that her love of animals is a crucial part of her job: it is important in this field to care for and provide routine veterinary care for the research animals. At times, laboratory animals receive evenmore care and attention than the average pet. However, it is clear to us that the general public does not understand the whole story regarding animal research. They may hear or read about the newest scientific breakthroughs with the help of research with animals, but in many cases the public perception of animal research is colored by the claims of animal activists who frequently foment an environment of controversy regarding animal research. The result is often negative. Public attacks on scientists can result in bad press for the researcher. This can lead to public antipathy toward animal scientists, who are often represented in popular media as unlikeable and untrustworthy. It is of little surprise that the average researcher does not feel comfortable discussing the day to day routine of their laboratory. Therefore we think it is important that the public gain another perspective regarding animal research, one directly from people like ourselves who carry out research. This editorial is one component of a larger effort to reach out to the scientific and broader communities about research with NHPs. Our goals includemaking positive changes in the way nonhuman primates are handled in research and raising a discussion regarding end-of-study decisions for these intelligen","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"3 1","pages":"502 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2016.1229161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60098140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-27DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1214336
Jessica Mee, O. Gibson, J. Tuttle, Lee Taylor, Peter W. Watt, Jonathan H. Doust, Neil S. Maxwell
ABSTRACT Purpose: Thermotolerance is an acquired state of increased cytoprotection achieved following single or repeated exposures to heat stress, in part characterized by changes in the intracellular 72 kda heat shock protein (HSP72; HSPA1A). Females have demonstrated reduced exercise induced HSP72 in comparison to males. This study examined sex differences in heat shock protein 72 messenger ribonucleic acid (Hsp72 mRNA) transcription during heat acclimation (HA) to identify whether sex differences were a result of differential gene transcription. Methods: Ten participants (5M, 5F) performed 10, 90 min controlled hyperthermia [rectal temperature (Tre) ≥ 38.5°C] HA sessions over 12 d. Leukocyte Hsp72 mRNA was measured pre and post D1, D5, and D10, via Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Results: HA was evidenced by a reduction in resting Tre (−0.4 ± 0.5°C) and resting heart rate [(HR); −13 ± 7 beats.min−1] following HA (p ≤ 0.05). During HA no difference (p > 0.05) was observed in ΔTre between males (D1 = 1.5 ± 0.2°C; D5 = 1.6 ± 0.4°C; D10 = 1.8 ± 0.3°C) and females (D1 = 1.5 ± 0.5°C; D5 = 1.4 ± 0.2°C; D10 = 1.8 ± 0.3°C). This was also true of mean Tre demonstrating equality of thermal stimuli for mRNA transcription and HA. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in Hsp72 mRNA expression between HA sessions or between males (D1 = +1.8 ± 1.5-fold; D5 = +2.0 ± 1.0 fold; D10 = +1.1 ± 0.4-fold) and females (D1 = +2.6 ± 1.8-fold; D5 = +1.8 ± 1.4-fold; D10 = +0.9 ± 1.9-fold). Conclusions: This experiment demonstrates that there is no difference in Hsp72 mRNA increases during HA between sexes when controlled hyperthermia HA is utilised. Gender specific differences in exercise-induced HSP72 reported elsewhere likely result from post-transcriptional events.
{"title":"Leukocyte Hsp72 mRNA transcription does not differ between males and females during heat acclimation","authors":"Jessica Mee, O. Gibson, J. Tuttle, Lee Taylor, Peter W. Watt, Jonathan H. Doust, Neil S. Maxwell","doi":"10.1080/23328940.2016.1214336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2016.1214336","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Thermotolerance is an acquired state of increased cytoprotection achieved following single or repeated exposures to heat stress, in part characterized by changes in the intracellular 72 kda heat shock protein (HSP72; HSPA1A). Females have demonstrated reduced exercise induced HSP72 in comparison to males. This study examined sex differences in heat shock protein 72 messenger ribonucleic acid (Hsp72 mRNA) transcription during heat acclimation (HA) to identify whether sex differences were a result of differential gene transcription. Methods: Ten participants (5M, 5F) performed 10, 90 min controlled hyperthermia [rectal temperature (Tre) ≥ 38.5°C] HA sessions over 12 d. Leukocyte Hsp72 mRNA was measured pre and post D1, D5, and D10, via Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Results: HA was evidenced by a reduction in resting Tre (−0.4 ± 0.5°C) and resting heart rate [(HR); −13 ± 7 beats.min−1] following HA (p ≤ 0.05). During HA no difference (p > 0.05) was observed in ΔTre between males (D1 = 1.5 ± 0.2°C; D5 = 1.6 ± 0.4°C; D10 = 1.8 ± 0.3°C) and females (D1 = 1.5 ± 0.5°C; D5 = 1.4 ± 0.2°C; D10 = 1.8 ± 0.3°C). This was also true of mean Tre demonstrating equality of thermal stimuli for mRNA transcription and HA. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in Hsp72 mRNA expression between HA sessions or between males (D1 = +1.8 ± 1.5-fold; D5 = +2.0 ± 1.0 fold; D10 = +1.1 ± 0.4-fold) and females (D1 = +2.6 ± 1.8-fold; D5 = +1.8 ± 1.4-fold; D10 = +0.9 ± 1.9-fold). Conclusions: This experiment demonstrates that there is no difference in Hsp72 mRNA increases during HA between sexes when controlled hyperthermia HA is utilised. Gender specific differences in exercise-induced HSP72 reported elsewhere likely result from post-transcriptional events.","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"3 1","pages":"549 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23328940.2016.1214336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60098128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human being to orbit the Earth. Ferdinand Magellan had, in 1519–1522, circumnavigated the Earth, but neither had he experienced the roundness of the firmament nor had his experience been shared by society, unlike the world’s media participation in Vostok 1’s voyage. Gagarin was the first to have seen, in Mandeville’s words, ‘‘alle the roundness of the firmament alle aboute’’ (Mandeville, 1967, 133):
{"title":"About the Cover","authors":"Emily Louise Smith","doi":"10.1353/ect.2015.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ect.2015.0041","url":null,"abstract":"On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human being to orbit the Earth. Ferdinand Magellan had, in 1519–1522, circumnavigated the Earth, but neither had he experienced the roundness of the firmament nor had his experience been shared by society, unlike the world’s media participation in Vostok 1’s voyage. Gagarin was the first to have seen, in Mandeville’s words, ‘‘alle the roundness of the firmament alle aboute’’ (Mandeville, 1967, 133):","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"10 1","pages":"W1 - W1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ect.2015.0041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66286626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-25eCollection Date: 2014-07-01DOI: 10.4161/temp.28661
Shane K Maloney
{"title":"Low protein feeding and energy transduction in rats.","authors":"Shane K Maloney","doi":"10.4161/temp.28661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/temp.28661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"1 2","pages":"97-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4977163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paralympic Games will impact the performance of athletes. Yannick de Korte and his colleagues designed and performed the Thermo Tokyo study to examine the impact of the Tokyo-like environmental conditions on the performance in Dutch elite athletes. The cover depicts Glenn Schuurman – a famous Dutch field hockey player – participating in Thermo Tokyo. The rational and design of the Thermo Tokyo study are described in this issue of Temperature. Photo by Eric Scholten, courtesy of Radboud University Medical Center. Photo by Eric Scholten, courtesy of Radboud University Medical Center TEMPERATURE 2021, VOL. 8, NO. 3, W1 https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1972637
{"title":"About the cover","authors":"Eric Grundset","doi":"10.1353/lac.2005.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lac.2005.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Paralympic Games will impact the performance of athletes. Yannick de Korte and his colleagues designed and performed the Thermo Tokyo study to examine the impact of the Tokyo-like environmental conditions on the performance in Dutch elite athletes. The cover depicts Glenn Schuurman – a famous Dutch field hockey player – participating in Thermo Tokyo. The rational and design of the Thermo Tokyo study are described in this issue of Temperature. Photo by Eric Scholten, courtesy of Radboud University Medical Center. Photo by Eric Scholten, courtesy of Radboud University Medical Center TEMPERATURE 2021, VOL. 8, NO. 3, W1 https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2021.1972637","PeriodicalId":36837,"journal":{"name":"Temperature","volume":"8 1","pages":"W1 - W1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/lac.2005.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66792313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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