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Domestic autonomy and environmental international non-governmental organizations: a cross-national analysis of forest loss 国内自治与环境国际非政府组织:森林损失的跨国分析
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.22
J. Sommer
Non-technical Summary Nations across the world are concerned with environmental issues like forest loss. The majority of nations acknowledge the importance of reducing forest loss, and make commitments to do so. However, researchers often find that despite these commitments, and the work of non-governmental organizations, in many nations, forest loss is not declining. This research argues that institutional capacity, specifically a nations domestic autonomy may help explain the ineffectiveness of environmental international non-governmental organizations (EINGOs) at reducing forest loss. Specifically, I argue that nations with stronger domestic autonomy, measured as the extent to which a nation is free of the direct control of external political actors, improves the effectiveness of EINGOs at reaching their goals of reducing forest loss due to an autonomous state's relative strength and ability to integrate their version of environmentalism or reinterpret existing norms of environmentalism into EINGO ideologies and activities. Technical Summary Previous research finds that environmental international non-governmental organizations (EINGOs) tend to have differential impacts on environmental factors cross-nationally, such as forest loss. More recent work argues that decoupling between stated environmental norms and actual environmental outcomes may be the result of a lack of institutional capacity. Using ordinary least squares regression for 91 low- and middle-income nations from 2001 to 2014, I find that EINGOs reduce forest loss more in nations with higher rather than lower levels of domestic autonomy. However, I find that EINGOs and domestic autonomy on their own do not significantly predict forest loss. Social media summary This research argues that a nations domestic autonomy may help explain the ineffectiveness EINGOs at reducing forest loss.
世界各地的非技术性国家都在关注森林损失等环境问题。大多数国家承认减少森林损失的重要性,并承诺这样做。然而,研究人员经常发现,尽管有这些承诺,以及非政府组织的工作,但在许多国家,森林损失并没有减少。这项研究认为,机构能力,特别是国家的国内自治,可能有助于解释环境国际非政府组织在减少森林损失方面的无效性。具体而言,我认为,国内自主性更强的国家,以一个国家在多大程度上不受外部政治行为者的直接控制来衡量,提高了EINGO在实现减少森林损失目标方面的有效性,因为自治州有相对的实力和能力将其环保主义版本整合或将现有的环保主义规范重新解释到EINGO的意识形态和活动中。技术摘要先前的研究发现,环境国际非政府组织往往对跨国家的环境因素产生不同的影响,如森林损失。最近的工作认为,既定的环境规范和实际的环境结果之间的脱钩可能是缺乏体制能力的结果。使用2001年至2014年91个中低收入国家的普通最小二乘回归,我发现EINGO在国内自治水平较高而非较低的国家减少了更多的森林损失。然而,我发现EINGO和国内自治本身并不能显著预测森林损失。社交媒体摘要这项研究认为,一个国家的国内自治可能有助于解释EINGO在减少森林损失方面的无效性。
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引用次数: 3
Scaling behaviour change for a 1.5-degree world: challenges and opportunities 1.5度世界的行为变化:挑战与机遇
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.23
P. Newell, M. Twena, Freddie Daley
Non-technical summary Scaling sustainable behaviour change means addressing politics, power and social justice to tackle the uneven distribution of responsibility and agency for climate action, within and between societies. This requires a holistic understanding of behaviour that bridges the ‘individual’ and ‘systemic’, and acknowledges the need for absolute emissions reductions, especially by high-consuming groups, and in key ‘hotspots’ of polluting activity, namely, travel, diet and housing. It counters the dominant focus on individuals and households, in favour of a differentiated, but collective approach, driven by bold climate governance and social mobilisation to reorient institutions and behaviour towards just transitions, sufficiency and wellbeing. Technical summary Sustainable behaviour change has been rising up the climate policy agenda as it becomes increasingly clear that far-reaching changes in lifestyles will be required, alongside shifts in policy, service provision and technological innovation, if we are to avoid dangerous levels of global heating. In this paper, we review different approaches to behaviour change from economics, psychology, sociology and political economy, to explore the neglected question of scalability, and identify critical points of leverage that challenge the dominant emphasis on individual responsibility. Although politically contentious and challenging to implement, in order to achieve the ambitious target of keeping warming below 1.5 degrees, we propose urgent structural interventions are necessary at all points within an ecosystem of transformation, and highlight five key spheres for action: a ‘strong’ sustainability pathway; pursuing just transitions (via changes to work, income and infrastructure); rebalancing political institutions to expand spaces for citizens vis-à-vis elite incumbents; focusing on high polluting actors and activities; and supporting social mobilisation. We call for a move away from linear and ‘shallow’ understandings of behaviour change, dominated by traditional behavioural and mainstreaming approaches, towards a ‘deep’, contextualised and dynamic view of scaling as a transformative process of multiple feedbacks and learning loops between individuals and systems, engaged in a mutually reinforcing ‘spiral of sustainability’. Social media summary box Scaling behaviour change means addressing power and politics: challenging polluter elites and providing affordable and sustainable services for all.
扩大可持续行为改变的规模意味着解决政治、权力和社会正义问题,以解决社会内部和社会之间气候行动责任和机构分配不均的问题。这需要对“个人”和“系统”行为的整体理解,并承认绝对减排的必要性,特别是高消费群体,以及污染活动的关键“热点”,即旅行、饮食和住房。它反对对个人和家庭的主要关注,支持在大胆的气候治理和社会动员的推动下,采取差异化但集体的方法,重新调整制度和行为,以实现公正的过渡、充足和福祉。可持续的行为改变已经上升到气候政策议程上,因为越来越明显的是,如果我们要避免全球变暖的危险水平,就需要在政策、服务提供和技术创新的同时,对生活方式进行深远的改变。在本文中,我们回顾了从经济学,心理学,社会学和政治经济学中不同的行为改变方法,以探索被忽视的可扩展性问题,并确定了挑战个人责任主导地位的杠杆关键点。尽管在政治上存在争议且难以实施,但为了实现将升温控制在1.5度以下的宏伟目标,我们建议在转型生态系统的所有点上都有必要采取紧急结构性干预措施,并强调了五个关键行动领域:“强有力的”可持续发展途径;追求公正的转型(通过改变工作、收入和基础设施);重新平衡政治制度,扩大公民相对于-à-vis精英现任者的空间;重点关注高污染行为者和活动;支持社会动员。我们呼吁摆脱对行为变化的线性和“肤浅”理解(由传统的行为和主流方法主导),转向将规模化视为个体和系统之间多重反馈和学习循环的变革过程的“深入”、情境化和动态的观点,参与相互加强的“可持续性螺旋”。扩大行为改变意味着解决权力和政治问题:挑战污染者精英,为所有人提供负担得起的可持续服务。
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引用次数: 27
Exploring the food–energy–water nexus approach to enhance coastal community resilience research and planning 探索粮食-能源-水关系方法,以加强沿海社区的复原力研究和规划
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.20
Kristin B. Raub, Kristine F. Stepenuck, B. Panikkar
Non-technical summary Coastal communities face environmental challenges that put food, energy, and water systems at risk. Although highly interdependent, it is unknown the extent to which coastal resilience research has considered interactions among food–energy–water systems. Twenty peer-reviewed articles were identified that focused on these systems and coastal resilience. Although a nexus approach was not employed universally, these studies most commonly addressed interactions among these systems related to acute hazards. They consistently acknowledged the influence of energy and transportation systems upon the others. As such, planners should incorporate linkages across all three systems during coastal resilience planning especially in relation to acute hazards. Technical summary Coastal communities strive for resilience in the face of an ever-growing suite of threats by planning and preparing for numerous uncertain futures. Food, energy, and water systems are highly interconnected and essential to the well-being of coastal communities. However, it is unknown the extent to which coastal resilience research has included food–energy–water nexus considerations. This study used a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed research articles and identified 20 studies that focused on food, energy, and water systems as related to coastal resilience. Results revealed four main findings: (1) the food–energy–water nexus approach was most commonly applied to coastal resilience in the study of US locations and in the context of acute hazards, (2) a direct food–energy–water or other nexus approach was directly employed by only half of the studies, however, all highlighted the relevance of systems interconnections in the context of coastal resilience, (3) the energy system was shown to impact every system to which it was connected, and (4) the transportation system was also shown to impact every system to which it was connected, which suggests that the food–energy–water nexus should be expanded to include transportation systems. Social media summary Coastal resilience and food–energy–water nexus literature synthesis finds interconnected systems considerations relevant to resilience.
非技术性摘要沿海社区面临的环境挑战使粮食、能源和供水系统面临风险。尽管高度相互依存,但海岸复原力研究在多大程度上考虑了粮食-能源-水系统之间的相互作用尚不清楚。确定了20篇经过同行评审的文章,重点关注这些系统和海岸复原力。尽管没有普遍采用关联方法,但这些研究最常见的是与急性危害相关的这些系统之间的相互作用。他们一贯承认能源和运输系统对其他系统的影响。因此,规划者应在海岸恢复力规划中纳入所有三个系统的联系,尤其是与严重灾害有关的联系。技术摘要沿海社区通过规划和准备许多不确定的未来,努力在面对日益增长的一系列威胁时保持韧性。粮食、能源和供水系统高度互联,对沿海社区的福祉至关重要。然而,尚不清楚海岸复原力研究在多大程度上包括了粮食、能源和水的关系考虑。这项研究对同行评审的研究文章进行了系统的文献综述,确定了20项研究,重点关注与海岸恢复力相关的粮食、能源和水系统。结果显示了四个主要发现:(1)在美国地点的研究中,在急性危害的背景下,食物-能源-水关系方法最常用于海岸恢复力,(2)只有一半的研究直接使用了食物-能源/水或其他关系方法,然而,所有这些都强调了系统互联在海岸恢复力背景下的相关性,(3)能源系统被证明影响了它所连接的每个系统,(4)交通系统也被证明影响着它所连接到的每个系统。这表明粮食-能源-水的关系应该扩大到包括交通系统。社交媒体摘要海岸复原力和粮食-能源-水关系文献综合发现了与复原力相关的相互关联的系统考虑因素。
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引用次数: 5
Mutual reinforcement of academic reputation and fossil fuel divestment 相互加强学术声誉和撤资化石燃料
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.19
Gregory M. Mikkelson, Miron Avidan, Aleksandra Conevska, D. Etzion
Non-technical summary By the end of 2020, 190 universities and colleges worldwide had publicly committed to divest partially or fully from fossil fuel holdings, to help mitigate global heating. We find a statistical correlation between the status of universities in the world rankings and decisions to divest endowments from fossil fuel. Further analysis suggests causation in both directions. Not only do the best divest, but divestors get better. Technical summary Previous studies have explored connections between environmental responsibility and the financial performance of business firms. Here, we explore connections between a particular form of environmental responsibility, divestment from fossil fuel, and the reputational status of a different form of organization, universities. We find a strong and robust link between world university rankings and commitments to divest endowments from the fossil fuel industry, with higher-ranked universities divesting at higher rates compared to lower-ranked universities. Rates of divestment also differ significantly between countries, and according to the political orientations of provinces and states. We do not find evidence for links between divestment treated as a binary variable and a university's number of students, size of endowment, or type of endowment. We use time lags to test whether the rank-divestment correlation may arise due to effects of rank on divestment and/or vice versa. These tests indicate influence in both directions. In light of these results, we predict universities that have not yet divested will face mounting peer pressure to do so. Social media summary Higher-ranked universities divest more frequently, and divesting universities improve more in the rankings.
到2020年底,全球190所大学和学院公开承诺部分或全部剥离化石燃料,以帮助减缓全球变暖。我们发现,大学在世界排名中的地位与从化石燃料中撤资的决定之间存在统计相关性。进一步的分析表明两个方向都有因果关系。不仅做最好的撤资,还要让投资者变得更好。以前的研究已经探索了环境责任和商业公司财务绩效之间的联系。在这里,我们探讨了一种特殊形式的环境责任、从化石燃料中撤资和另一种不同形式的组织——大学——的声誉地位之间的联系。我们发现,世界大学排名与从化石燃料行业撤资的承诺之间存在着强有力的联系,排名较高的大学比排名较低的大学撤资率更高。撤资率在不同国家之间也有很大差异,并根据省和州的政治倾向而定。我们没有发现将撤资视为二元变量与大学的学生人数、捐赠规模或捐赠类型之间存在联系的证据。我们使用时间滞后来测试等级-撤资相关性是否可能由于等级对撤资的影响而产生,反之亦然。这些测试表明了双向影响。根据这些结果,我们预测尚未撤资的大学将面临越来越大的同行压力。排名越靠前的大学撤资的频率越高,撤资的大学的排名也越靠前。
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引用次数: 1
Navigating trade-offs between dams and river conservation 在大坝和河流保护之间进行权衡
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.15
M. Thieme, D. Tickner, G. Grill, J. Carvallo, M. Goichot, J. Hartmann, J. Higgins, B. Lehner, M. Mulligan, C. Nilsson, K. Tockner, C. Zarfl, J. Opperman
Non-technical summary There has been a long history of conflicts, studies, and debate over how to both protect rivers and develop them sustainably. With a pause in new developments caused by the global pandemic, anticipated further implementation of the Paris Agreement and high-level global climate and biodiversity meetings in 2021, now is an opportune moment to consider the current trajectory of development and policy options for reconciling dams with freshwater system health. Technical summary We calculate potential loss of free-flowing rivers (FFRs) if proposed hydropower projects are built globally. Over 260,000 km of rivers, including Amazon, Congo, Irrawaddy, and Salween mainstem rivers, would lose free-flowing status if all dams were built. We propose a set of tested and proven solutions to navigate trade-offs associated with river conservation and dam development. These solution pathways are framed within the mitigation hierarchy and include (1) avoidance through either formal river protection or through exploration of alternative development options; (2) minimization of impacts through strategic or system-scale planning or re-regulation of downstream flows; (3) restoration of rivers through dam removal; and (4) mitigation of dam impacts through biodiversity offsets that include restoration and protection of FFRs. A series of examples illustrate how avoiding or reducing impacts on rivers is possible – particularly when implemented at a system scale – and can be achieved while maintaining or expanding benefits for climate resilience, water, food, and energy security. Social media summary Policy solutions and development pathways exist to navigate trade-offs to meet climate resilience, water, food, and energy security goals while safeguarding FFRs.
关于如何既保护河流又可持续发展的冲突、研究和争论由来已久。由于全球大流行导致新的发展停顿,《巴黎协定》预计将进一步执行,2021年将举行全球气候和生物多样性高级别会议,现在是考虑当前发展轨迹和协调水坝与淡水系统健康的政策选择的时机。我们计算了如果在全球范围内建设水电项目,自由流动河流(ffr)的潜在损失。如果所有的水坝都建成,包括亚马逊河、刚果河、伊洛瓦底江和萨尔温江在内的26万多公里的河流将失去自由流动的状态。我们提出了一套经过测试和验证的解决方案,以便在河流保护和大坝开发之间进行权衡。这些解决方案路径是在缓解层次结构内制定的,包括:(1)通过正式的河流保护或通过探索替代发展方案来避免;(2)通过战略性或系统规模的规划或重新调节下游流量,将影响最小化;(三)拆除大坝恢复江河;(4)通过生物多样性补偿(包括森林保护区的恢复和保护)缓解大坝影响。一系列例子说明了如何避免或减少对河流的影响是可能的——特别是在系统规模上实施时——并且可以在保持或扩大对气候适应能力、水、粮食和能源安全的好处的同时实现。现有的政策解决方案和发展路径可以进行权衡,以实现气候适应能力、水、粮食和能源安全目标,同时保护ffr。
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引用次数: 29
Transforming scholarship to co-create sustainable futures 转变学术,共同创造可持续的未来
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.18
I. Chabay, Ortwin Renn, S. van der Leeuw, Solène Droy
Non-technical summary All of humanity is facing the increasingly urgent challenge of finding pathways to the emergence of new, more sustainable patterns of living that promotes the co-evolution of natural and cultural systems. We address this challenge by proposing changes in scientific and scholarly research communities and transformations in roles, resources, actors, and institutions of scholarship (i.e., natural and social sciences, humanities, and arts), which can contribute substantially and effectively to co-designing solutions for sustainable, just, and equitable human societies. Technical summary The critical challenge facing humanity is the increasingly urgent need to find and implement pathways that lead humankind into a new stage of dynamic equilibrium that promotes the co-evolution of natural and cultural systems. We address this challenge for scientific and scholarly research communities and the transformations in roles, resources, actors, and institutions of scholarship (encompassing natural and social sciences, humanities, and arts), which can contribute substantially and effectively to co-designing solutions for coping with unsustainable practices and systemic risks. Our perspective builds upon a series of four workshops to identify and address global sustainability challenges at a regional scale. It is anchored in the view that nature and society are inextricably interwoven, that planetary boundaries are fundamentally societal, rather than solely environmental issues, that viable solutions to the global challenges mentioned above can be developed and most effectively implemented at a regional to local scale in conjunction with substantive changes in the education systems at all levels, and that these considerations require a complex adaptive systems approach to seeking and implementing solutions. We call for rethinking, finding creative approaches, and acting to make scholarship more capable of effectively creating just and equitable sustainable futures in diverse cultures and contexts. Social media summary Transforming scholarship and education to enable co-design of societal transformations to sustainable futures.
全人类都面临着一个日益紧迫的挑战,那就是寻找新的、更可持续的、促进自然和文化系统共同进化的生活方式。为了应对这一挑战,我们提出了科学和学术研究社区的变革,以及学术(即自然科学和社会科学、人文科学和艺术)角色、资源、参与者和机构的转型,这可以为共同设计可持续、公正和公平的人类社会的解决方案做出实质性和有效的贡献。人类面临的关键挑战是越来越迫切地需要找到和实施途径,使人类进入一个促进自然和文化系统共同进化的动态平衡的新阶段。我们为科学和学术研究界以及角色、资源、参与者和学术机构(包括自然科学和社会科学、人文科学和艺术)的转变应对这一挑战,这可以为共同设计应对不可持续实践和系统性风险的解决方案做出实质性和有效的贡献。我们的观点建立在一系列四个研讨会的基础上,以确定和解决区域范围内的全球可持续性挑战。它的基础是这样一种观点,即自然和社会是不可分割地交织在一起的,地球的边界基本上是社会问题,而不仅仅是环境问题,可以在区域到地方的范围内制订并最有效地执行上述全球性挑战的可行解决办法,同时对各级教育制度进行实质性改革,这些考虑需要一种复杂的自适应系统方法来寻求和实施解决方案。我们呼吁重新思考,寻找创造性的方法,并采取行动,使学术更有能力在不同文化和背景下有效地创造公正和公平的可持续未来。改变学术和教育,共同设计社会转型,走向可持续的未来。
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引用次数: 2
How to support German cities in implementing the SDGs: learning from and about co-design 如何支持德国城市实施可持续发展目标:从共同设计中学习和实践
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.16
K. Krellenberg, F. Koch
Non-technical summary Scientists often argue that today's efforts towards sustainability in cities call for a strong exchange on knowledge with non-scientific actors. But do urban practitioners think the same way? Do they see the need for scientific support in their work? In our research, we directly asked these questions to urban practitioners. This article evolves around their answers and describes the activities we conducted in order to start the necessary discussion with them. Technical summary Given the challenges cities are facing in their efforts towards sustainability, we scrutinize if urban practitioners believe that scientific knowledge can support them in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and if, how. To find evidence, we conducted a ‘co-design’ approach in Future Earth in terms of knowledge production, targeting at German cities. In consequence, the aims of this article are twofold. First, we aim at describing the implementation of the co-design process itself as a potentially useful tool for the interaction with urban practitioners and the evaluation of their specific needs. Second, we present the main results of the co-design process and its contribution for SDG implementation in cities. Combining the two aims, we argue for novel research approaches that allow for more collaborative activities as well as for adequate funding opportunities in the light of urban sustainability transformations. Media summary Co-design to support SDG implementation in cities towards sustainability transformations.
非技术性摘要科学家们经常认为,当今城市可持续发展的努力需要与非科学行为者进行强有力的知识交流。但城市从业者也有同样的想法吗?他们认为他们的工作需要科学支持吗?在我们的研究中,我们直接向城市从业者提出了这些问题。本文围绕他们的答案展开,并描述了我们为开始与他们进行必要讨论而进行的活动。技术摘要鉴于城市在实现可持续发展方面面临的挑战,我们仔细研究城市从业者是否相信科学知识可以支持他们实现可持续发展目标,以及是否、如何。为了寻找证据,我们在《未来地球》中以德国城市为目标,在知识生产方面进行了“共同设计”。因此,这篇文章的目的是双重的。首先,我们旨在将联合设计过程本身的实施描述为与城市从业者互动和评估其具体需求的潜在有用工具。其次,我们介绍了联合设计过程的主要结果及其对城市可持续发展目标实施的贡献。结合这两个目标,我们主张采用新的研究方法,在城市可持续性转型的背景下,开展更多的合作活动,并提供充足的资金机会。媒体摘要共同设计,支持可持续发展目标在城市的实施,实现可持续发展转型。
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引用次数: 1
Is sustainable development bad for global biodiversity conservation? 可持续发展对全球生物多样性保护有害吗?
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.14
R. Clémençon
Non-technical summary Global biodiversity is in dramatic decline. The general public appears to equate sustainable development with biodiversity conservation and environmental protection, whereas the international policy discourse treats sustainable development as little more than traditional economic development. This gap between public perception of what sustainable development entails and its translation into formal policy goals is an important barrier to mobilizing the public and critical financial support for meeting global biodiversity conservation objectives. This contribution argues that the goal of nature and biodiversity conservation must be much more clearly distinguished from the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) than is currently the case. Technical summary The term ‘sustainable development’ has become widely used since it was popularized through the 1992 Rio UN Conference on Environment and Development. The UN SDGs adopted in 2015 further reinforce the normative centrality of the concept. Yet, the extent to which sustainable development covers nature and biodiversity conservation depends on how it is defined. A better understanding of how the public in different countries assesses the value of local and global biodiversity is crucial for building support for financing the vision to live ‘in harmony with nature by 2050’ currently under negotiation in the Convention on Biodiversity. This review essay discusses four distinct definitions of sustainable development, and considers how these different conceptualizations are used by political actors to serve particular interests. It then describes how this discourse has unfolded in international agreements related to sustainable development and biodiversity. The analysis shows that the prevalent economic cost–benefit approach used to value ecosystem services to make a case for conservation cannot resolve trade-off decisions between short-term economic and long-term societal interests. What is needed is a broad discourse about the ethical and cultural dimensions of biodiversity as a global heritage at the highest political level. Social media abstract The goal of global biodiversity conservation must be more clearly distinguished from the 2015 SDGs economic objectives.
全球生物多样性正在急剧下降。一般公众似乎将可持续发展等同于生物多样性保护和环境保护,而国际政策话语将可持续发展仅仅视为传统的经济发展。公众对可持续发展内涵的认识与其转化为正式政策目标之间的差距是动员公众和实现全球生物多样性保护目标的关键财政支持的一个重要障碍。这篇文章认为,自然和生物多样性保护的目标必须比目前的情况更清楚地与2015年联合国可持续发展目标(sdg)区分开来。“可持续发展”一词在1992年联合国环境与发展会议上被广泛使用。2015年通过的联合国可持续发展目标进一步强化了这一概念的规范性核心地位。然而,可持续发展涵盖自然和生物多样性保护的程度取决于如何定义它。更好地了解不同国家的公众如何评估当地和全球生物多样性的价值,对于为《生物多样性公约》目前正在谈判的“到2050年与自然和谐相处”的愿景提供资金支持至关重要。这篇综述文章讨论了可持续发展的四种不同定义,并考虑了政治行为者如何使用这些不同的概念来服务于特定利益。然后介绍了这一论述如何在与可持续发展和生物多样性有关的国际协定中展开。分析表明,用于评估生态系统服务以证明保护的普遍经济成本效益方法无法解决短期经济利益和长期社会利益之间的权衡决策。我们需要的是在最高政治层面就生物多样性作为全球遗产的伦理和文化层面展开广泛讨论。摘要全球生物多样性保护的目标必须与2015年可持续发展目标的经济目标更加明确地区分开来。
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引用次数: 11
Modelling national transformations to achieve the SDGs within planetary boundaries in small island developing states 模拟小岛屿发展中国家在地球范围内实现可持续发展目标的国家转型
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.13
Cameron Allen, G. Metternicht, T. Wiedmann, Matteo Pedercini
Non-technical summary The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide an integrated and ambitious roadmap for sustainable development by 2030. National implementation will be crucial and there is an urgent need to understand the scale and pace of transformations to achieve the goals. There is also concern that achieving socio-economic objectives will undermine longer-term environmental sustainability. This study uses modelling to explore how different policy and investment settings can enable the necessary transformations, adopting Fiji as a use-case. Modest investment over the coming decade can deliver improved performance. However, far more ambitious actions are needed to accelerate progress while managing long-term trade-offs with environmental objectives. Technical summary This paper presents the results from a national scenario modelling study for Fiji with broader relevance for other countries seeking to achieve the SDGs. We develop and simulate a business-as-usual and six alternative future scenarios using the integrated (iSDG-Fiji) system dynamics model and evaluate their performance on the SDGs in 2030 and global planetary boundaries (PBs) and the ‘safe and just space’ (SJS) framework in 2050. Modest investment over the coming decade through a ‘sustainability transition’ scenario accelerates SDG progress from 40% to 70% by 2030 but fails to meet all SJS thresholds. Greatly scaling up investment and ambition through an SDG transformation scenario highlights possibilities for Fiji to accelerate progress to 83% by 2030 while improving SJS performance. The scale of investment is highly ambitious and could not be delivered without scaled-up international support, but despite this investment progress still falls short. The analysis highlights where key trade-offs remain as well as options to address these, however closing the gap to 100% achievement will prove very challenging. The approach and findings are relevant to other countries with similar characteristics to increase the understanding of the transformations needed to achieve the SDGs within PBs in different country contexts. Social media summary How can countries accelerate progress on the SDGs by 2030 while ensuring longer-term coherence with climate and sustainability thresholds?
可持续发展目标(sdg)为到2030年实现可持续发展提供了一个综合的、雄心勃勃的路线图。国家执行将是至关重要的,迫切需要了解实现这些目标的改革的规模和速度。人们还担心,实现社会经济目标将破坏长期的环境可持续性。本研究以斐济为例,利用建模方法探索不同的政策和投资环境如何实现必要的转变。未来10年的适度投资可以改善业绩。然而,需要采取更加雄心勃勃的行动来加速进展,同时管理与环境目标之间的长期权衡。本文介绍了斐济国家情景建模研究的结果,该研究对寻求实现可持续发展目标的其他国家具有更广泛的相关性。我们使用综合(isdg -斐济)系统动力学模型开发并模拟了一种“一切照常”和六种可替代的未来情景,并评估了它们在2030年可持续发展目标和2050年全球地球边界(PBs)以及“安全与公正空间”(SJS)框架方面的表现。在未来十年,通过“可持续转型”情景进行适度投资,到2030年可持续发展目标的进展将从40%加快到70%,但未能达到可持续发展目标的所有门槛。通过可持续发展目标转型情景大幅扩大投资和雄心,斐济有可能在2030年之前将进展加快到83%,同时改善可持续发展目标的绩效。投资规模雄心勃勃,没有扩大的国际支持就无法实现,但尽管如此,投资进展仍然不足。分析强调了仍然存在的关键权衡以及解决这些问题的选择,然而将差距缩小到100%的成就将是非常具有挑战性的。该方法和研究结果与具有类似特点的其他国家具有相关性,以增进对在不同国家背景下实现可持续发展目标所需的转型的理解。各国如何加快到2030年实现可持续发展目标的进程,同时确保长期符合气候和可持续性阈值?
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引用次数: 5
The ‘last mile’ for climate data supporting local adaptation 支持当地适应的气候数据的“最后一英里”
IF 5.5 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/sus.2021.12
L. Celliers, M. M. Costa, D. Williams, S. Rosendo
Non-technical summary The ‘last mile’ is a transportation planning term that describes the movement of people and goods from a transportation hub to a final destination; a local place such as a home or a shop. This is the final step of the logistics process that unites the product with its new owner. We present and explain challenges of science-guided adaptation at the local level, and how this is an equivalent ‘last mile’ challenge for climate adaptation. Technical summary The ‘last mile’ issue, a term used in transportation planning, describes the movement of people and goods from a transportation hub to a final destination, a local place such as a home or a shop. This is the critical final step of the logistics process that unites the product with its new owner, and the point of the value chain. This analogy aptly describes the last steps between presenting scientific evidence of climate change to decision-makers for use in local adaptation and planning. Climate change data (observational and model simulation data e.g. climate change projections and predictions) remain under-utilised, especially by local institutions and actors for which adaptation is a priority. The assumptions and assertions of the classical data–information–knowledge–wisdom are challenged, and a derivative form of the information hierarchy is proposed. Elements of the classical information hierarchy are offset by four balancing elements of access (to data); usability (of information); governance (of knowledge) and politics (of wisdom). These balancing elements and their relatedness coincide with newer models of innovation relating to the interaction between different stakeholders across the different levels of governance, the inclusion of stakeholder expectations, transparency and accountability. Social media summary Climate data to wise decision-making in the ‘last mile’: a novel perspective on science-guided local adaptation.
非技术性总结“最后一英里”是一个交通规划术语,描述人员和货物从交通枢纽到最终目的地的流动;当地的地方,如家或商店。这是将产品与新所有者结合在一起的物流过程的最后一步。我们介绍并解释了地方一级科学指导的适应挑战,以及这是如何应对气候适应的“最后一英里”挑战。技术摘要“最后一英里”问题是交通规划中使用的一个术语,描述了人员和货物从交通枢纽到最终目的地,即家或商店等当地地方的流动。这是物流过程的关键最后一步,将产品与新所有者结合在一起,也是价值链的关键。这种类比恰当地描述了向决策者提供气候变化的科学证据以用于地方适应和规划之间的最后步骤。气候变化数据(观测和模型模拟数据,如气候变化预测和预测)仍然没有得到充分利用,特别是适应是优先事项的地方机构和行为者。对经典数据——信息——知识——智慧的假设和断言提出了挑战,并提出了信息层次的衍生形式。经典信息层次结构的元素被访问(数据)的四个平衡元素所抵消;(信息的)可用性;治理(知识)和政治(智慧)。这些平衡要素及其相关性与新的创新模式相吻合,这些创新模式涉及不同治理级别的不同利益相关者之间的互动,包括利益相关者的期望、透明度和问责制。社交媒体总结气候数据对“最后一英里”明智决策的启示:科学指导下的地方适应的新视角。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Global Sustainability
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