Results in Engineering最新文献_第7页

Comprehensive analysis of aquaculture research trends focusing on Internet of Things, machine learning, water quality monitoring, and cybersecurity over two decades using bibliometric data 利用文献计量学数据综合分析水产养殖研究趋势，重点是物联网、机器学习、水质监测和网络安全

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108266

Rupali P. Shete , Anupkumar M. Bongale , Laxmikantha K , Shivamurthy Hiremath , Deepak Dharrao

Smart aquaculture that integrates Secure Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) is vital for sustainable food production but remains fragmented and insufficiently structured. There is a lack of bibliometric analysis limiting a clear understanding of current research trends and technical challenges. The proposed research presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the field from 2000 to 2025, based on a triangulated dataset of 2228 publications retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science(WoS), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)Xplore. Records were systematically collected, deduplicated, and analyzed using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer, with sensitivity checks confirming database robustness. Results reveal exponential growth of research output after 2020, with China and India emerging as leading contributors, followed by the United States and several European nations. The analysis highlights English language publications are dominant. Additionally, top contributing institutions, and strong international collaborations, alongside thematic hotspots such as Deep Learning (DL) for disease prediction, real time water quality forecasting, blockchain enabled traceability, and secure IoT frameworks are discussed. Novel dimensions are also captured, including equity in geographic and species research, limited attention to data governance and privacy, and early signals of sustainability concerns such as energy efficiency and lifecycle assessment. These findings provide strategic insights for researchers, industry, and policy makers, while underscoring that future progress in smart aquaculture will depend as much on governance and sustainability as on technological innovation.

集成了安全物联网（IoT）和机器学习（ML）的智能水产养殖对可持续粮食生产至关重要，但仍然是碎片化和结构化不足的。文献计量分析的缺乏限制了对当前研究趋势和技术挑战的清晰理解。该研究提出了一个全面的文献计量学分析，从2000年到2025年，基于从Scopus， Web of Science（WoS）和Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE)Xplore检索的2228篇出版物的三角数据集。系统地收集记录，使用Bibliometrix和VOSviewer进行重复数据删除和分析，并进行敏感性检查以确认数据库的稳健性。结果显示，2020年之后，研究产出将呈指数级增长，中国和印度将成为主要贡献者，其次是美国和几个欧洲国家。分析强调，英语出版物占主导地位。此外，还讨论了顶级贡献机构和强大的国际合作，以及用于疾病预测的深度学习（DL）、实时水质预测、区块链支持的可追溯性和安全物联网框架等主题热点。新的维度也被捕捉到，包括地理和物种研究的公平性，对数据治理和隐私的有限关注，以及能源效率和生命周期评估等可持续性问题的早期信号。这些发现为研究人员、行业和政策制定者提供了战略见解，同时强调，智能水产养殖的未来进展将既取决于技术创新，也取决于治理和可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3): Environmental and properties benefits, challenges, opportunities, and future directions 石灰石煅烧粘土水泥（LC3）的综合综述：环境和性能效益、挑战、机遇和未来方向

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108319

Mariam Farouk Ghazy , El Said A. Maaty , Metwally Abd Elaty , Ala'a A. Alrwashdeh

This paper presents a comprehensive review of limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3), integrating environmental, mechanical, and microstructural perspectives to provide a unified understanding of its performance and sustainability benefits. LC3 achieves a 30–40 % reduction in CO₂ emissions relative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by partially substituting clinker with calcined clay and limestone, both of which are abundant and regionally available. The systematic review examines critical aspects of LC3, including raw material variability, calcination parameters, hydration mechanisms, and the formation of carboaluminate phases that underpin performance. Mechanical properties are discussed with emphasis on compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, while durability is assessed in relation to chloride ingress, sulfate attack, carbonation, and freeze–thaw resistance. Microstructural insights derived from SEM, XRD, and TGA analyses are synthesized to explain the links between hydration processes and performance outcomes. Emerging applications, such as eco-friendly aggregates, engineered cementitious composites, and geopolymer systems are also highlighted. In comparison, conventional supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash and slag typically offer only 20–25 % CO₂ reduction and face growing supply limitations, underscoring LC3’s strategic advantage. The paper concludes with future perspectives on raw material optimization, admixture compatibility, and durability modeling to predict long-term performance and ensure sustainability.

本文介绍了石灰石煅烧粘土水泥（LC3）的全面回顾，整合环境，机械和微观结构的观点，以提供其性能和可持续发展效益的统一理解。与普通波特兰水泥（OPC）相比，LC3通过用煅烧的粘土和石灰石部分取代熟料，实现了30 - 40%的二氧化碳减排，这两种材料都是丰富的，并且在区域内可用。系统综述考察了LC3的关键方面，包括原材料的可变性、煅烧参数、水化机制和支撑性能的碳铝酸盐相的形成。机械性能的讨论重点是压缩、拉伸和弯曲强度，而耐久性则与氯化物侵入、硫酸盐侵蚀、碳酸化和抗冻融性有关。从SEM， XRD和TGA分析中获得的微观结构见解综合解释了水化过程与性能结果之间的联系。新兴的应用，如环保骨料、工程胶凝复合材料和地聚合物系统也被强调。相比之下，传统的补充胶凝材料（SCMs），如粉煤灰和矿渣，通常只能减少20 - 25%的CO₂，并且面临日益增长的供应限制，这凸显了LC3的战略优势。最后，本文对原材料优化、外加剂相容性和耐久性建模进行了展望，以预测长期性能并确保可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Overcoming barriers to solar energy adoption in Pakistan: Current status, policy gaps, and institutional reforms 克服巴基斯坦采用太阳能的障碍：现状、政策差距和制度改革

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108537

AHMED SALIM , SAJJAD UR REHMAN , WAZIE M. ABDULKAWI , HASSAN YOUSIF AHMED

Pakistan, a country of 235 million people, faces severe energy security challenges and environmental threats. Transitioning to clean and sustainable energy, particularly solar power, is essential to mitigate these issues and ensure a prosperous future. This study investigates the current status of solar energy adoption in Pakistan, identifying the primary obstacles hindering its widespread implementation. Reviewing reports on policy analysis and the national energy grid, it examines the technical, financial, and regulatory barriers to renewable energy adoption. Despite tremendous solar potential equivalent to 100,000 MW of electricity and an annual boost (2.5 billion PKR) in the allocated budget to promote solar energy in Pakistan, the findings show that major issues include high initial costs, disadvantageous agreements between distribution companies and Independent Power Producers (IPPs), demand-supply deficits, shortfalls of electricity, reliance on imported fuels, and outdated electrical network infrastructure. In the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA)’s 2020 Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) compliance assessment, only 4 out of 157 solar power projects in Pakistan met the required performance criteria, and 3 of them improved their position to the outstanding category. The study proposes 33 policy guidelines for stakeholders to accelerate solar energy adoption, offering actionable tasks toward a cleaner, more energy-secure Pakistan.

巴基斯坦是一个拥有2.35亿人口的国家，面临严峻的能源安全挑战和环境威胁。过渡到清洁和可持续能源，特别是太阳能，对于缓解这些问题和确保繁荣的未来至关重要。本研究调查了巴基斯坦采用太阳能的现状，确定了阻碍其广泛实施的主要障碍。通过对政策分析和国家能源网报告的回顾，报告探讨了采用可再生能源的技术、财务和监管障碍。尽管巴基斯坦的太阳能潜力巨大，相当于10万兆瓦的电力，并且每年增加25亿PKR的预算来促进太阳能的发展，但研究结果表明，主要问题包括初始成本高、配电公司和独立电力生产商（ipp）之间的不利协议、供需赤字、电力短缺、依赖进口燃料以及过时的电网基础设施。在国家电力监管局（NEPRA）的2020年健康、安全和环境（HSE）合规性评估中，巴基斯坦157个太阳能发电项目中只有4个达到了要求的性能标准，其中3个提高到优秀类别。该研究为利益相关者提出了33项政策指导方针，以加速太阳能的采用，为建设一个更清洁、更安全的巴基斯坦提供了可行的任务。

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引用次数: 0

Non-standard SIW techniques for modern applications: State of the art 用于现代应用的非标准SIW技术：最先进的技术

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108322

S. Akkader, A. Baghdad, H. Bouyghf, I. Khobzi

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology has been one of the ground-breaking solutions in microwave and millimeter-wave engineering, combining high-performance features of conventional waveguides with cost-effective, low-profile, planar advantages of printed circuit technology. This work presents a detailed overview of SIW technology from its history of development and related principles, i.e, mode behavior, loss mechanisms, excitation techniques, and the role of substrate parameters. Various SIW-based structures are covered, such as passive and active devices like filters, couplers, multiplexers, power dividers, oscillators, mixers, amplifiers, and antennas. Advanced modified Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) designs and manufacturing technologies are featured with enhanced performance, integration, and manufacturability. Special focus is directed toward multifunctional SIW devices with the aim of enabling the increasing use of miniaturized SIW sensors in Internet of Things (IoT) technology, particularly in environmental monitoring, agriculture, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals. Future research directions are aimed at the integration of SIW structures in next-generation communication systems, wearable devices, biomedical sensors, and intelligent wireless networks. The present review aims to equip researchers and engineers with a comprehensive understanding of SIW technology, its current capabilities, and its vast potential for future advances in high-frequency system design.

衬底集成波导（SIW）技术已成为微波和毫米波工程领域的突破性解决方案之一，它将传统波导的高性能特性与印刷电路技术的低成本、低轮廓、平面化优势相结合。这项工作从其发展历史和相关原理，即模式行为，损耗机制，激发技术和衬底参数的作用，详细概述了SIW技术。涵盖了各种基于siw的结构，如无源和有源器件，如滤波器、耦合器、多路复用器、功率分配器、振荡器、混频器、放大器和天线。先进的改进基板集成波导（SIW）设计和制造技术具有增强的性能，集成度和可制造性。特别关注的是多功能SIW设备，目的是在物联网（IoT）技术中越来越多地使用小型化SIW传感器，特别是在环境监测、农业、医疗保健和制药领域。未来的研究方向是将SIW结构集成到下一代通信系统、可穿戴设备、生物医学传感器和智能无线网络中。本综述旨在使研究人员和工程师全面了解SIW技术，其当前能力以及其在高频系统设计中未来发展的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Review of sustainable solar stills: Evaluating design trends and materials life cycle assessment 回顾可持续太阳能蒸馏器：评估设计趋势和材料生命周期评估

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108524

Mohamed Elashmawy , Mohamed M.Z. Ahmed , Wissam H. Alawee , Swellam W. Sharshir

Freshwater scarcity challenges are increasing due to the shortage of accessible, clean water sources. Solar water distillation is a promising strategy for future development. This study provides a clear understanding by reviewing various solar still types, including the basin solar still (BSS), stepped solar still (SSS), Pyramid solar still (PSS), tubular solar still (TSS), and hemispherical solar still (HSS). The present study provides a clear comparison of various solar still types, considering their designs, performance, materials, costs, and environment impacts. This concept provided a strong tool for decision-makers to select the optimal solar still system to stakeholders’ needs. The significant findings of this study showed that the BSS type accounts for the majority of development effort in literature, has great potential, and is expected to yield additional benefits for further development. Additionally, PSS and TSS have been widely shaped, which offer great sunray accessibility. Most studies have shown that common development techniques are used across various types, such as stepped and multi-tray configurations, wicks, sensible heat storage materials (SHSM), phase change material (PCM), nano-enhanced PCMs, nanofluids, and nanocoating. This study concludes that there is no absolute best solar still type and no absolute best development technique. The suitable solar still type and development technique depends on the nature of the solar water desalination project, the number of consumers, available infrastructure, and the location of the project.

由于缺乏可获得的清洁水源，淡水短缺的挑战正在增加。太阳能水蒸馏法是一种很有前途的发展策略。本文通过对盆式太阳蒸馏器（BSS）、阶梯式太阳蒸馏器（SSS）、金字塔式太阳蒸馏器（PSS）、管式太阳蒸馏器（TSS）和半球形太阳蒸馏器（HSS）等不同类型太阳蒸馏器的综述，提供了一个清晰的认识。本研究从设计、性能、材料、成本和环境影响等方面对不同类型的太阳能蒸馏器进行了比较。这一概念为决策者根据利益相关者的需求选择最佳的太阳能蒸馏系统提供了强有力的工具。本研究的重大发现表明，BSS类型占文献开发工作的大部分，具有巨大的潜力，并有望为进一步开发带来额外的好处。此外，PSS和TSS已经广泛成型，这提供了很大的阳光可达性。大多数研究表明，常见的开发技术用于各种类型，如阶梯和多托盘配置、芯、显热存储材料（SHSM）、相变材料（PCM）、纳米增强PCM、纳米流体和纳米涂层。本研究认为，没有绝对最好的太阳能蒸馏器类型，也没有绝对最好的开发技术。合适的太阳能蒸馏器类型和开发技术取决于太阳能海水淡化项目的性质、消费者的数量、可用的基础设施和项目的位置。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of acid-rock reaction kinetics and fracture conductivity under ultra-high temperature carbonate reservoir conditions 超高温碳酸盐岩储层条件下酸岩反应动力学及裂缝导流性实验研究

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108522

Juan Du , Hui Shu , Yiquan Shi , Qi Zou , Pingli Liu , Jinming Liu , Xiang Chen , Jinlong Li , Wenhao Tian

Ultra-high-temperature carbonate reservoirs (∼200 °C) exhibit extremely rapid acid–rock reactions, leading to shallow penetration and limited effectiveness of conventional acidizing treatments. In this study, a high-temperature rotating disk reactor and rock-plate etching device were used to systematically evaluate the reaction kinetics, etching morphology, and fracture conductivity of five acid systems—HCl, gelled acid, acetic acid, DTPA, and self-generating acid—at 200 °C. Results show that the reaction rate follows the order HCl > gelled acid > HAc > DTPA > self-generating acid, while the degree of non-uniform etching exhibits the opposite trend. HCl dissolves rock rapidly but generates nearly uniform surfaces with poor conductivity. Gelled acid produces the strongest non-uniform etching and the highest initial fracture conductivity, though its retardation weakens at higher concentrations due to polymer degradation. Weak acids (HAc, DTPA, and self-generating acid) remain reaction-controlled and exhibit stable retardation at 200 °C, maintaining deeper penetration than strong acids. Quantitative morphology analysis and conductivity testing confirm that fracture conductivity is governed jointly by etching depth and heterogeneity, rather than dissolution volume alone. Engineering results suggest that, for reservoirs exceeding 180 °C, combining gelled acid with a weak-acid system can effectively control reaction rate, enhance non-uniform etching, and create high-conductivity acid-etched fractures. This study provides the first systematic kinetic and etching-conductivity framework at 200 °C, offering practical guidance for acid selection and treatment design in ultra-deep carbonate formations.

超高温碳酸盐岩储层（~ 200°C）表现出极快的酸岩反应，导致侵透浅，常规酸化处理的效果有限。本研究采用高温旋转圆盘反应器和岩板蚀刻装置，系统评价了hcl、胶凝酸、乙酸、DTPA和自生酸5种酸体系在200℃下的反应动力学、蚀刻形貌和断裂导电性。结果表明，反应速率遵循HCl >；胶凝酸>； HAc > DTPA >；自生酸的顺序，而非均匀蚀刻的程度则相反。盐酸能迅速溶解岩石，但产生的表面几乎均匀，导电性差。胶凝酸产生最强的不均匀腐蚀和最高的初始断裂导电性，尽管由于聚合物降解，其缓凝作用在浓度较高时减弱。弱酸（HAc、DTPA和自生酸）在200°C时仍能控制反应，表现出稳定的阻滞作用，比强酸保持更深的渗透。定量形貌分析和导电性测试证实，裂缝导电性是由腐蚀深度和非均质性共同决定的，而不仅仅是溶蚀体积。工程结果表明，对于温度超过180℃的储层，将胶凝酸与弱酸体系相结合，可以有效控制反应速率，增强腐蚀不均匀性，形成高导电性酸蚀裂缝。该研究提供了第一个系统的200°C下的动力学和蚀刻电导率框架，为超深碳酸盐岩地层的酸选择和处理设计提供了实用指导。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning nested MCDM model to enhance decision reliability for transport safety engineering 机器学习嵌套MCDM模型提高交通安全工程决策可靠性

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108543

Xingjian Zhang , Nanbo (Aaron) Zhang , Jialin Li , Qintao Li , Xingze Liu , Chuanpu (Lukas) Cao , Hao Mao , Ruikang Yan , Yunlong Qi , Xinyi (Chenny) Yang , Jialun Li , Aaron Kaiqiang Zhou , Xu Yan , Hanrui Feng , Faan Chen

Ensuring robust and defensible decision is a critical attribute of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) activities, particularly in public sector decision-making (e.g., transport safety engineering). To this end, this study introduces an advanced machine learning embedded MCDM model that integrates the preference selection index (PSI), an alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN), and a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), i.e., PSI–AROMAN–GMM, aiming to provide a reliable decision support system in transport safety engineering. In particular, the proposed model incorporates a machine learning algorithm (i.e., t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE)) to reduce the computational load and enable efficient handling of large datasets. Specifically, this approach addresses the challenge faced by conventional GMM in uncertain initialization and identification of distinct natural clusters, and it also resolves the issue of GMM in setting correct number of Gaussian components to avoid the model overfitting or underfitting. Through a case study on transport safety engineering for G20 countries, multilevel empirical comparisons validate the robustness of the proposed model, highlighting its practicality and efficiency in informing reliable decisions and policy insights. Overall, this study provides decision-makers, practitioners, and engineers with a comprehensive framework for handling real-world socio-economic activities, especially in transport safety engineering across varied national contexts, with substantial reliability and applicability.

确保稳健和可防御的决策是多标准决策（MCDM）活动的关键属性，特别是在公共部门决策（例如，运输安全工程）中。为此，本研究引入了一种先进的机器学习嵌入式MCDM模型，该模型集成了偏好选择指数（PSI）、两步归一化替代排序法（AROMAN）和高斯混合模型（GMM），即PSI - AROMAN - GMM，旨在为运输安全工程提供可靠的决策支持系统。特别是，所提出的模型结合了机器学习算法（即t分布随机邻居嵌入（t-SNE）），以减少计算负荷并实现对大型数据集的有效处理。具体而言，该方法解决了传统GMM在不确定初始化和不同自然聚类识别方面面临的挑战，并解决了GMM在设置正确的高斯分量数以避免模型过拟合或欠拟合方面的问题。通过对G20国家运输安全工程的案例研究，多层次实证比较验证了所提出模型的稳健性，突出了其在提供可靠决策和政策见解方面的实用性和效率。总体而言，本研究为决策者、从业者和工程师提供了一个全面的框架，用于处理现实世界的社会经济活动，特别是在不同国家背景下的运输安全工程中，具有很高的可靠性和适用性。

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引用次数: 0

A review of optimization strategies for hybrid renewable energy systems toward sustainable clean energy 面向可持续清洁能源的混合可再生能源系统优化策略综述

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108363

Muhibbuddin , Erdiwansyah , A.Z. Syahir , Rizalman Mamat , Ratnaningsih Eko Sardjono

The global transition toward decarbonization has accelerated the development of HRES as resilient, cost-effective, and sustainable energy solutions. This review synthesises findings from >30 recent high-impact studies (2024–2025) on optimisation strategies integrating solar, wind, hydro, and storage technologies. Metaheuristic algorithms, including DE, PSO, and NSGA-II, have demonstrated significant effectiveness in minimising system costs and improving reliability. In off-grid rural electrification applications, DE achieved the lowest Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of $0.062/kWh (USD2024) with an LPSP of 0.05, highlighting its superior cost-efficiency and stability. In grid-connected systems, NSGA-II enabled multi-objective optimisation, reducing total system costs by up to 56.7 % through coordinated use of hybrid battery and pumped-hydro storage. In Turkey, optimised PV–hydro–battery systems maintained a continuous power balance while reducing curtailed energy by 60 %, achieving an LCOE below $0.10/kWh. Moreover, incorporating frequency-constrained UC models with virtual inertia improved grid stability, though at the cost of approximately 12 % lower renewable penetration and 35 % higher operating costs. Emerging research trends emphasise AI-based forecasting, GIS-assisted spatial optimisation, blockchain-enabled peer-to-peer energy trading, and lifecycle sustainability assessments. Persistent challenges include high capital expenditure, technical complexity, and inadequate regulatory and sectoral integration. The review concludes with recommendations for AI-integrated real-time control, modular and scalable HRES design, policy-algorithm co-development, and circular economy frameworks to support the global deployment of intelligent, adaptive, and sustainable hybrid energy systems.

全球向脱碳的过渡加速了HRES作为具有弹性、成本效益和可持续的能源解决方案的发展。本综述综合了最近30项高影响研究（2024-2025）的研究结果，这些研究涉及太阳能、风能、水电和储能技术的优化策略。包括DE、PSO和NSGA-II在内的元启发式算法在最小化系统成本和提高可靠性方面已经证明了显著的有效性。在离网农村电气化应用中，DE实现了最低的平准化能源成本（LCOE） 0.062美元/千瓦时（2024美元），LPSP为0.05，突出了其优越的成本效益和稳定性。在并网系统中，NSGA-II实现了多目标优化，通过协调使用混合动力电池和抽水蓄能，将系统总成本降低了56.7%。在土耳其，优化后的光伏-水电池系统保持了持续的电力平衡，同时减少了60%的削减能源，实现了低于0.10美元/千瓦时的LCOE。此外，结合具有虚拟惯性的频率约束UC模型提高了电网的稳定性，但代价是可再生能源渗透率降低了约12%，运营成本提高了35%。新兴的研究趋势强调基于人工智能的预测、地理信息系统辅助的空间优化、区块链支持的点对点能源交易以及生命周期可持续性评估。持续存在的挑战包括高资本支出、技术复杂性以及监管和部门整合不足。报告最后提出了人工智能集成实时控制、模块化和可扩展HRES设计、政策-算法协同开发和循环经济框架的建议，以支持智能、自适应和可持续混合能源系统的全球部署。

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引用次数: 0

Fused deposition modeling of functional nanohybrids: a transformative approach to sustainable water purification 功能纳米杂交体的熔融沉积模型：可持续水净化的变革方法

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108289

V.C. Deivayanai , S. Raja , Maher Ali Rusho , Tesfaye Barza Zema

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has revolutionized the production of customized polymer-based components across industries. The integration of nanohybrid (NH) materials into polymer matrices has led to notable improvements in mechanical strength (up to 60 MPa), thermal stability (20–40 °C increase in degradation temperature), and adsorption efficiency (up to 210 mg/g for Pb²⁺ removal). This review analyzes the synergy between FDM and nanotechnology for creating multifunctional, sustainable polymers designed for wastewater treatment applications. NH-enhanced composites such as TiO₂–PLA and GO–PBS have demonstrated over 95% dye degradation and >99% antibacterial activity, offering potential for scalable 3D-printed filters, catalytic reactors, and membranes. Furthermore, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) frameworks, including Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS, are discussed as tools to select optimal material combinations balancing performance, cost, and environmental safety. The review outlines a roadmap for translating laboratory-scale NH–FDM innovations into real-world environmental solutions, emphasizing sustainability, safety, and long-term functionality in advanced water treatment systems.

熔融沉积建模（FDM）已经彻底改变了各行业定制聚合物组件的生产。将纳米杂化（NH）材料集成到聚合物基体中，显著提高了机械强度（高达60 MPa）、热稳定性（降解温度提高20-40℃）和吸附效率（Pb 2 +去除效率高达210 mg/g）。这篇综述分析了FDM和纳米技术之间的协同作用，以创造用于废水处理应用的多功能、可持续的聚合物。nhh增强复合材料，如TiO₂-PLA和GO-PBS，已经证明了超过95%的染料降解和99%的抗菌活性，为可扩展的3d打印过滤器、催化反应器和膜提供了潜力。此外，多标准决策（MCDM）框架，包括层次分析法（AHP）和TOPSIS，作为选择最佳材料组合平衡性能，成本和环境安全的工具进行了讨论。该综述概述了将实验室规模的NH-FDM创新转化为现实环境解决方案的路线图，强调了先进水处理系统的可持续性、安全性和长期功能。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and mitigation of lightning-induced overvoltages in wind turbine systems: A case study of Lamma WPP 风力涡轮机系统雷击过电压的建模与缓解：以南丫岛WPP为例

IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.108539

Moustafa Mohsen , Hamdy Kanaan , Mohammed Mehanna , Hatem M. Seoudy

Lightning strikes pose a growing threat to wind turbines, particularly due to climate change and technological advancements. This study focuses on the 9 MW Lamma Wind Power Plant (WPP) in Hong Kong, analyzing the effects of standard and non-standard lightning waveforms on its components based on the strike's location. There are four suggested ways to lower the risk: choosing the right metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA), building a high voltage filter (HVF), using both at the same time, and using both an externally gapped line arrester (EGLA) and a non-gapped line arrester (NGLA). Modeling with MATLAB/SIMULINK revealed that a lightning strike near the inverter increased peak voltage by 12.3 %, with the tail time parameter rising from 50 to 300 microseconds, leading to a 36.6 % increase in peak voltage at the impact site. The concurrent use of MOSA and HVF significantly reduced lightning risk by 95 % compared to HVF alone and 96.3 % compared to MOSA alone. Additionally, four EGLA models were developed, with the composite air gap variant reducing overvoltage by approximately 57.2 % compared to NGLA alone. These mitigation strategies not only enhance the safety of wind power plants but also lower maintenance and replacement costs for expensive components.

雷击对风力涡轮机构成越来越大的威胁，特别是由于气候变化和技术进步。本研究以香港9 MW南丫岛风力发电厂（WPP）为研究对象，根据雷击位置分析标准和非标准雷击波形对其组件的影响。有四种方法可以降低风险：选择合适的金属氧化物避雷器（MOSA），构建高压滤波器（HVF），同时使用这两种避雷器，以及同时使用外部间隙线避雷器（EGLA）和非间隙线避雷器（NGLA）。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK建模表明，在逆变器附近的雷击使峰值电压增加12.3%，尾时间参数从50微秒增加到300微秒，导致冲击点峰值电压增加36.6%。同时使用MOSA和HVF与单独使用HVF相比可显著降低95%的雷电风险，与单独使用MOSA相比可降低96.3%的雷电风险。此外，开发了四种EGLA模型，与单独的NGLA相比，复合气隙变体可以降低约57.2%的过电压。这些缓解策略不仅提高了风力发电厂的安全性，而且降低了昂贵部件的维护和更换成本。

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