Results in Engineering最新文献_第7页

Application of natural and synthetic fibers in bio-based earthen composites: A state-of-the-art review

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103732

Amirhossein Jamaldar , Parsa Asadi , Mahdi Salimi , Meghdad Payan , Payam Zanganeh Ranjbar , Mahyar Arabani , Hadi Ahmadi

Bio-mediated ground improvement techniques, including Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) and Enzyme Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) treatment methods, are extensively being employed nowadays in a variety of construction projects as newly emerging sustainable and environmentally-friendly approaches to enhance the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of earthen composites. The intrinsic brittleness of MICP- and EICP-treated soils, however, considerably limits their applications in practical geotechnical engineering. Fiber reinforcement has been widely acknowledged as an efficient solution to overcome such challenges and augment the ductility of biologically stabilized soils. Accordingly, there is growing attention to integrating natural and synthetic fibers into bio-based composites, opening up exciting possibilities for improved performance and versatility in different civil engineering applications. This review aims to examine the current state of research on utilizing fiber additives to enhance the effectiveness of MICP and EICP treatment methods in an attempt to provide an in-depth insight into the effects of fiber type, content, and length as well as the underlying mechanisms of fiber interactions within the porous structure of such treated soils. The applications of fiber-reinforced bio-cemented soils, their limitations, and the major challenges encountered in practice, as well as the potential areas of interest for future research and the key factors to be considered when selecting suitable fiber for optimal soil treatment using MICP/EICP, are all critically elaborated and discussed. By synthesizing the current research findings, the study provides engineers with a valuable resource to guide the development and optimization of fiber-reinforced MICP and EICP techniques for effective soil improvement and stabilization. Based on the findings of all relevant studies in the literature, a comprehensive cost-performance-balance analysis is conducted aiming to serve as a useful guideline for researchers and practitioners interested in applying fibers in various construction projects or other related applications where either MICP or EICP technique is being utilized as the main soil stabilization approach.

{"title":"Application of natural and synthetic fibers in bio-based earthen composites: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Amirhossein Jamaldar , Parsa Asadi , Mahdi Salimi , Meghdad Payan , Payam Zanganeh Ranjbar , Mahyar Arabani , Hadi Ahmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-mediated ground improvement techniques, including Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) and Enzyme Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) treatment methods, are extensively being employed nowadays in a variety of construction projects as newly emerging sustainable and environmentally-friendly approaches to enhance the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of earthen composites. The intrinsic brittleness of MICP- and EICP-treated soils, however, considerably limits their applications in practical geotechnical engineering. Fiber reinforcement has been widely acknowledged as an efficient solution to overcome such challenges and augment the ductility of biologically stabilized soils. Accordingly, there is growing attention to integrating natural and synthetic fibers into bio-based composites, opening up exciting possibilities for improved performance and versatility in different civil engineering applications. This review aims to examine the current state of research on utilizing fiber additives to enhance the effectiveness of MICP and EICP treatment methods in an attempt to provide an in-depth insight into the effects of fiber type, content, and length as well as the underlying mechanisms of fiber interactions within the porous structure of such treated soils. The applications of fiber-reinforced bio-cemented soils, their limitations, and the major challenges encountered in practice, as well as the potential areas of interest for future research and the key factors to be considered when selecting suitable fiber for optimal soil treatment using MICP/EICP, are all critically elaborated and discussed. By synthesizing the current research findings, the study provides engineers with a valuable resource to guide the development and optimization of fiber-reinforced MICP and EICP techniques for effective soil improvement and stabilization. Based on the findings of all relevant studies in the literature, a comprehensive cost-performance-balance analysis is conducted aiming to serve as a useful guideline for researchers and practitioners interested in applying fibers in various construction projects or other related applications where either MICP or EICP technique is being utilized as the main soil stabilization approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103732"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating additive and subtractive manufacturing to optimize surface quality of MEX parts

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103713

Hussein Alzyod , Gábor Kónya , Peter Ficzere

This research investigates the integration of additive and subtractive manufacturing to enhance the surface quality of parts produced using Material Extrusion (MEX) technology. While MEX is a widely adopted additive manufacturing technique, it often results in suboptimal surface finishes, necessitating further post-processing. In this study, turning was employed as a subtractive process to improve the surface quality of MEX-fabricated cylindrical parts. The Taguchi Orthogonal Array (OA) method was utilized to optimize turning parameters, including cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, with the objective of minimizing surface roughness. The initial roughness values of the printed parts were measured at 24.382 µm for Ra and 104.973 µm for Rz. After the turning process, significant improvements were observed, with minimum values of 2.309 µm for Ra and 13.465 µm for Rz. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that feed rate was the most significant factor affecting surface roughness, contributing over 80 % to the overall reduction. The optimized turning parameters to achieve the required surface finish were a cutting speed of 83 m/min, a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 0.5 mm. These findings underscore the effectiveness of combining additive and subtractive processes, providing a viable solution for achieving high-quality surface finishes in MEX-fabricated components. The integration of these two processes offers a robust approach to reducing surface roughness, enhancing part performance, and minimizing the need for extensive post-processing in industrial applications.

{"title":"Integrating additive and subtractive manufacturing to optimize surface quality of MEX parts","authors":"Hussein Alzyod , Gábor Kónya , Peter Ficzere","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the integration of additive and subtractive manufacturing to enhance the surface quality of parts produced using Material Extrusion (MEX) technology. While MEX is a widely adopted additive manufacturing technique, it often results in suboptimal surface finishes, necessitating further post-processing. In this study, turning was employed as a subtractive process to improve the surface quality of MEX-fabricated cylindrical parts. The Taguchi Orthogonal Array (OA) method was utilized to optimize turning parameters, including cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, with the objective of minimizing surface roughness. The initial roughness values of the printed parts were measured at 24.382 µm for Ra and 104.973 µm for Rz. After the turning process, significant improvements were observed, with minimum values of 2.309 µm for Ra and 13.465 µm for Rz. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that feed rate was the most significant factor affecting surface roughness, contributing over 80 % to the overall reduction. The optimized turning parameters to achieve the required surface finish were a cutting speed of 83 m/min, a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 0.5 mm. These findings underscore the effectiveness of combining additive and subtractive processes, providing a viable solution for achieving high-quality surface finishes in MEX-fabricated components. The integration of these two processes offers a robust approach to reducing surface roughness, enhancing part performance, and minimizing the need for extensive post-processing in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103713"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blood glucose level prediction in type 1 diabetes: A comparative analysis of interpretable artificial intelligence approaches

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103681

Ilaria Basile, Giovanna Sannino

This study examines the use of different interpretable Artificial Intelligence models in predicting short-term blood glucose levels in subjects with Type 1 Diabetes. The interpretability of Artificial Intelligence models is a critical concept, especially in the medical context, because it prevents the development of the so-called “black boxes” and provides decisions that are fully understandable by both patients and healthcare professionals. The final aim of this work is to integrate such fully comprehensible models within a glucose monitoring system to ensure a more transparent management of insulin therapy and an improved patient adherence. The predictive ability of the models has been assessed using a dataset containing glucose levels and heart rate variability features for certain patients selected from the open D1NAMO dataset. The prediction problem was initially approached as a multi-series regression issue and then re-evaluated as a problem of accurate classification into seven glycemic ranges. Evaluating the predictive abilities of the models in terms of correct classifications, we show that Decision Tree outperforms the other models for the analyzed subjects, achieving a weighted F1 score of 0.87 for the best run. Finally, the experiments have also shown that integrating heart rate variability features opens up the possibility of developing non-invasive monitoring systems, reducing the burden on patients and improving their quality of life.

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引用次数: 0

Quantification of fines migration in block caving mining through laboratory experiments

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103576

Michael Aravena , Sergio Palma , Francisco J. Vivanco-Avaria , Gonzalo Nelis

The migration of fines in block caving mining corresponds to the movement of small-size granular material. This material is directed toward drawpoints, causing dilution of valuable mineral and safety concerns due to the formation of cohesive arcs. Although there are previous studies on the migration of fines through experiments with granular material and 3D simulations, empirical evidence is scarce. Therefore, a solid understanding of the relationship between variables affecting fines migration is lacking. Through experiments in a laboratory-scale physical model, the influence of different variables on the migration of fines is analyzed. The variables considered are the average diameter of the fine material, the content of the fine material, the orientation of the fine/coarse interface and the type of extraction. The results indicate that the migration of fines increases with a higher content of fine material and decreases with greater inclination, making these two variables the most significant. An interactive extraction reduces and delays the migration of fines to the extraction points. The average diameter of the fine material was shown to have a minor influence, which raises the possibility that the migration of fines depends on other variables, such as the uniformity coefficient, angle of repose, among others. The graphs obtained provide valuable information to understand the migration of fines in block caving operations under various conditions. The change in the migration of fines can be estimated by having different variables involved simultaneously. This is a complementary tool to the models currently used in mining to evaluate this phenomenon.

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引用次数: 0

Integrated pixel-level crack detection and quantification using an ensemble of advanced U-Net architectures

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103726

Rakshitha R , Srinath S , N Vinay Kumar , Rashmi S , Poornima B V

Automated pavement crack detection faces significant challenges due to the complex shapes of crack patterns, their similarity to non-crack textures, and varying environmental conditions such as lighting and noise. Traditional methods often struggle to adapt, leading to inconsistent and less accurate results in real-world scenarios. This study introduces a hybrid framework that combines convolutional and transformer-based architectures, leveraging their strengths to achieve reliable crack segmentation and pixel-level quantification. The framework incorporates state-of-the-art deep learning models, including U-Net, Attention U-Net, Residual Attention U-Net (RAUNet), TransUNet, and Swin-Unet. U-Net variants, enhanced with attention mechanisms and residual connections, improve feature extraction and gradient flow, enabling precise delineation of crack boundaries. Transformer-based models like TransUNet and Swin-Unet use self-attention mechanisms to capture both local and global spatial relationships, enhancing robustness across diverse crack patterns. A key contribution of this study is the evaluation of loss functions, including Binary Cross-Entropy (BCE) Loss, Dice Loss, and Binary Focal Loss. Binary Focal Loss proved particularly effective in addressing class imbalance across four benchmark datasets. To further improve segmentation performance, two ensemble strategies were applied: stochastic reordering using logical operations (AND, OR, and averaging) and a weighted average ensemble optimized through grid search. The weighted average ensemble demonstrated superior performance, achieving mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) scores of 0.73, 0.70, 0.78, and 0.86 on the CFD, AgileRN, Crack500, and DeepCrack datasets, respectively. In addition to segmentation, this study developed a method for accurately quantifying crack length and width. By using Euclidean distance along skeletal paths, the algorithm minimized error rates in length and width estimation. This framework provides a scalable and efficient solution for automated pavement crack analysis. It addresses critical challenges in accuracy, adaptability, and reliability under diverse operational conditions, marking significant progress in crack detection technology.

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引用次数: 0

Strategies to enhance the recovery of phosphorus as struvite during the storage of urine

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103707

Nicolás Hernández-Alcayaga, Dafne Crutchik

Phosphorus is a non-renewable resource, and it will in future become increasingly scarce. Urine can be used as a valuable resource of phosphate. One way to create favourable conditions for recovering phosphorus as struvite from urine is to store urine and promote urea hydrolysis, before the recovery of phosphate. To develop a faster and higher-quality recovery process, urine storage was studied by applying: (i) hydrolyzed urine to fresh urine, (ii) low-rate aeration, and (iii) continuous stirring. Seawater was used as magnesium source for struvite crystallization. Results show that urea hydrolysis rate was enhanced when hydrolyzed urine was added to fresh urine during its storage. And as a consequence, the precipitation time of phosphate was reduced. After 14 days, around 80 % of the phosphate was recovered as struvite when the volumetric ratio of hydrolyzed urine/fresh urine was 0.15, compared with the 20 % of the phosphorus precipitated when fresh urine was stored. Moreover, the application of low-rate aeration to urine storage allow to reduce the time of phosphate precipitation from 14 days to 3 days, recovering around 88 % of the phosphate. But the aeration generated that a significant loss of ammonium from urine through ammonia volatilization when the storage time was higher than 3 days. In addition, the use of aeration seems to be more useful to enhance phosphate precipitation compared to the application of continuous stirring during urine storage. This study demonstrates that phosphorus recovery as struvite can be developed during urine storage with high recovery efficiencies and struvite quality.

{"title":"Strategies to enhance the recovery of phosphorus as struvite during the storage of urine","authors":"Nicolás Hernández-Alcayaga, Dafne Crutchik","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus is a non-renewable resource, and it will in future become increasingly scarce. Urine can be used as a valuable resource of phosphate. One way to create favourable conditions for recovering phosphorus as struvite from urine is to store urine and promote urea hydrolysis, before the recovery of phosphate. To develop a faster and higher-quality recovery process, urine storage was studied by applying: (i) hydrolyzed urine to fresh urine, (ii) low-rate aeration, and (iii) continuous stirring. Seawater was used as magnesium source for struvite crystallization. Results show that urea hydrolysis rate was enhanced when hydrolyzed urine was added to fresh urine during its storage. And as a consequence, the precipitation time of phosphate was reduced. After 14 days, around 80 % of the phosphate was recovered as struvite when the volumetric ratio of hydrolyzed urine/fresh urine was 0.15, compared with the 20 % of the phosphorus precipitated when fresh urine was stored. Moreover, the application of low-rate aeration to urine storage allow to reduce the time of phosphate precipitation from 14 days to 3 days, recovering around 88 % of the phosphate. But the aeration generated that a significant loss of ammonium from urine through ammonia volatilization when the storage time was higher than 3 days. In addition, the use of aeration seems to be more useful to enhance phosphate precipitation compared to the application of continuous stirring during urine storage. This study demonstrates that phosphorus recovery as struvite can be developed during urine storage with high recovery efficiencies and struvite quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103707"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From inactive biomass in removing amoxicillin to new active chitosan-biomass composite adsorbents

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103709

Zuhier Alakayleh

The increasing issue of water pollution by pharmaceuticals, such as amoxicillin, emphasizes the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions that can overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods. This study concentrates on synthesizing and evaluating new chitosan-olive leaf biomass composites (COLCs) for amoxicillin (AMX) removal from water. A combination of olive leaf biomass (OL biomass), derived from a widely available agricultural waste, with different amounts of chitosan, an aquacultural by-product, led to the development of three unique composite adsorbents; 2COLC, 4COLC, and 6COLC. The SEM, BET, EDS, zeta potential, and FTIR analyses were employed to characterize the newly synthesized adsorbents. The COLCs presented a higher surface area than the OL biomass rising from 10.032 m²/g for the biomass to 14.404 m²/g for 2COLC, 31.279 m²/g for 4COLC, and 43.294 m²/g for 6COLC, which increased due to the higher chitosan incorporation improving the porosity. The adsorption capabilities of the OL biomass and COLCs for AMX were examined. The OL biomass showed negligible adsorption efficiency while COLCs exhibited enhanced adsorption capacity, which increased with increasing chitosan content. The adsorption capacities, as indicated by the Freundlich constant increased with chitosan content, ranging from 0.011 to 0.04 (mg/g)(L/mg)ⁿ for 2COLC and 6COLC, respectively. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process for COLCs was spontaneous, endothermic, and thermodynamically favorable. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the COLCs have the potential as efficient eco-friendly, and sustainable adsorbents for removing pharmaceutical pollutants from water sources such as AMX.

{"title":"From inactive biomass in removing amoxicillin to new active chitosan-biomass composite adsorbents","authors":"Zuhier Alakayleh","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing issue of water pollution by pharmaceuticals, such as amoxicillin, emphasizes the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions that can overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods. This study concentrates on synthesizing and evaluating new chitosan-olive leaf biomass composites (COLCs) for amoxicillin (AMX) removal from water. A combination of olive leaf biomass (OL biomass), derived from a widely available agricultural waste, with different amounts of chitosan, an aquacultural by-product, led to the development of three unique composite adsorbents; 2COLC, 4COLC, and 6COLC. The SEM, BET, EDS, zeta potential, and FTIR analyses were employed to characterize the newly synthesized adsorbents. The COLCs presented a higher surface area than the OL biomass rising from 10.032 m<sup>2</sup>/g for the biomass to 14.404 m<sup>2</sup>/g for 2COLC, 31.279 m<sup>2</sup>/g for 4COLC, and 43.294 m<sup>2</sup>/g for 6COLC, which increased due to the higher chitosan incorporation improving the porosity. The adsorption capabilities of the OL biomass and COLCs for AMX were examined. The OL biomass showed negligible adsorption efficiency while COLCs exhibited enhanced adsorption capacity, which increased with increasing chitosan content. The adsorption capacities, as indicated by the Freundlich constant increased with chitosan content, ranging from 0.011 to 0.04 (mg/g)(L/mg)<em><sup>n</sup></em> for 2COLC and 6COLC, respectively. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process for COLCs was spontaneous, endothermic, and thermodynamically favorable. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the COLCs have the potential as efficient eco-friendly, and sustainable adsorbents for removing pharmaceutical pollutants from water sources such as AMX.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning based eddy current testing: A review

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103724

Nauman Munir , Jingyuan Huang , Chak-Nam Wong , Sung-Jin Song

Eddy current testing (ECT) is an established non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique to evaluate materials. In last decade, machine learning (ML) has revolutionized many areas and ECT is not an exception. The focus of ML in ECT system is to automate some of its analyses for the possible in-situ monitoring of the process and to alleviate the interpretation burden on the operator. The fusion of ML and ECT is not new, however, due to recent advancements in machine learning, there is a need to assess the current potential of ML for ECT systems and identify any gaps and shortcomings for automated data analysis. Thus, this article discusses the findings of a literature survey about the contemporary methods of using machine learning for the automatic analysis of ECT data. The application of machine learning for the ECT system is described in a general workflow manner that begins with data collection and ends with the verification and validation of the performance of ML models. Findings on potential areas of application of the fusion of ML and ECT along with limitations and potential gaps are discussed. This study also identifies the need for common datasets, sample size determination and uncertainty quantification of ML models.

{"title":"Machine learning based eddy current testing: A review","authors":"Nauman Munir , Jingyuan Huang , Chak-Nam Wong , Sung-Jin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eddy current testing (ECT) is an established non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique to evaluate materials. In last decade, machine learning (ML) has revolutionized many areas and ECT is not an exception. The focus of ML in ECT system is to automate some of its analyses for the possible in-situ monitoring of the process and to alleviate the interpretation burden on the operator. The fusion of ML and ECT is not new, however, due to recent advancements in machine learning, there is a need to assess the current potential of ML for ECT systems and identify any gaps and shortcomings for automated data analysis. Thus, this article discusses the findings of a literature survey about the contemporary methods of using machine learning for the automatic analysis of ECT data. The application of machine learning for the ECT system is described in a general workflow manner that begins with data collection and ends with the verification and validation of the performance of ML models. Findings on potential areas of application of the fusion of ML and ECT along with limitations and potential gaps are discussed. This study also identifies the need for common datasets, sample size determination and uncertainty quantification of ML models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103724"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative filler strategies for high-performance LSR in electrical and industrial applications: A review

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103722

Uppula Ramya, Pulla Sammaiah, Medabalimi Subbarao

This research presents a novel strategy for improving the electrical insulation properties of Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) through the strategic use of advanced fillers such as graphene nanoplates, Carbon black, Graphene oxide, alumina (Al₂O₃), epoxy resin, etc. In the study these materials are combined in a novel approach, leading to significant improvements in dielectric strength Increase to LSR/1 wt/Cordierite, tensile strength rising by nearly 98, reaching 10.3 MPa when using DBPMH filler. Alumina contributes to a notable increase in tear strength, achieving 25.3 N/mm with 10 wt% inclusion, while Shore A hardness dramatically improves, reaching 70 with vinyl ester and thermal stability, The addition of graphene nanoplates and nano SiO₂, even in low concentrations, significantly enhances the tensile modulus and elongation at break of LSR, challenging the belief that higher filler content is necessary. The SR/8wt% Carbon black composite exhibits a 700 % increase in elongation at break, reflecting greater flexibility, while alumina raises the tensile modulus to 1.3 MPa, enhancing stiffness. Recent findings indicate that Al₂O₃-filled liquid silicone rubber (LSR) composites maintain stable pH levels across various chemical environments. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows improved crystalline structures that enhance material stability, paving the way for high-performance materials in industrial and electronic applications.

{"title":"Innovative filler strategies for high-performance LSR in electrical and industrial applications: A review","authors":"Uppula Ramya, Pulla Sammaiah, Medabalimi Subbarao","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a novel strategy for improving the electrical insulation properties of Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) through the strategic use of advanced fillers such as graphene nanoplates, Carbon black, Graphene oxide, alumina (Al₂O₃), epoxy resin, etc. In the study these materials are combined in a novel approach, leading to significant improvements in dielectric strength Increase to LSR/1 wt/Cordierite, tensile strength rising by nearly 98, reaching 10.3 MPa when using DBPMH filler. Alumina contributes to a notable increase in tear strength, achieving 25.3 N/mm with 10 wt% inclusion, while Shore A hardness dramatically improves, reaching 70 with vinyl ester and thermal stability, The addition of graphene nanoplates and nano SiO₂, even in low concentrations, significantly enhances the tensile modulus and elongation at break of LSR, challenging the belief that higher filler content is necessary. The SR/8wt% Carbon black composite exhibits a 700 % increase in elongation at break, reflecting greater flexibility, while alumina raises the tensile modulus to 1.3 MPa, enhancing stiffness. Recent findings indicate that Al₂O₃-filled liquid silicone rubber (LSR) composites maintain stable pH levels across various chemical environments. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows improved crystalline structures that enhance material stability, paving the way for high-performance materials in industrial and electronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103722"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal cascade 2DOF fractional order master-slave controller design for LFC of hybrid microgrid systems with EV charging technology

IF 6 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103647

Amira Hassan , Mohamed M. Aly , Ali Selim , Ahmed Elmelegi , A.O. Aldhaibani , Emad A. Mohamed

This paper addresses the increasing complexity and evolving challenges in recent power systems management, particularly under the integration of diverse renewable energy sources (RESs) and advanced control technologies. With the rising unpredictability of power generation due to RESs and the diminishing system inertia, robust load frequency control (LFC) solutions are desperately needed to maintain network stability and manage frequency variations. This work proposes improved FOCs for achieving load frequency control (LFC) and the virtual inertia control (VIC) provision of electric vehicles (EVs) batteries. The proposed method includes a twofold contribution using a new fractional-order LFC method. The proposed technique is innovative by merging the characteristics of cascaded 2-degree of freedom (2DOF) configuration, incorporating both tilt-integral-derivative-filter (FOTIDN) and tilt-derivative-filter (FOTDN) controllers. This method is designed to enhance the robustness of interconnected multi-microgrid systems against disturbances from RESs and load demand fluctuations. Moreover, this paper presents the application of the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) for optimizing the proposed controller's parameters across various interconnected systems. Through simulation and time-domain analysis, the efficacy of the proposed technique is assessed in a range of load scenarios and uncertainty levels, exhibiting superior performance in contrast to current LFC methodologies such as TID, FOTID, TID-FOPIDN, and 2DOF TIDN-TDN. The results indicate that the advanced 2DOF FOTIDN-FOTDN controller based on the MPA significantly improves system response and stability, marking a pivotal advancement in power system control strategies. Moreover, the employing of MPA optimizer is compared with the widely-used optimizers in the literature, including the MRFO, ABC, and PSO optimizers at the different objective functions of IAE, ISE, ITAE, and ITSE. For instance, the MPA method has a minimized ITAE after 30 iterations of 0.027 compared to 0.0276 with MRFO, 0.0282 with ABC, and 0.034 with PSO optimizer. Thence, fast and better minimization of objective functions are achieved using the proposed MPA.

{"title":"Optimal cascade 2DOF fractional order master-slave controller design for LFC of hybrid microgrid systems with EV charging technology","authors":"Amira Hassan , Mohamed M. Aly , Ali Selim , Ahmed Elmelegi , A.O. Aldhaibani , Emad A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the increasing complexity and evolving challenges in recent power systems management, particularly under the integration of diverse renewable energy sources (RESs) and advanced control technologies. With the rising unpredictability of power generation due to RESs and the diminishing system inertia, robust load frequency control (LFC) solutions are desperately needed to maintain network stability and manage frequency variations. This work proposes improved FOCs for achieving load frequency control (LFC) and the virtual inertia control (VIC) provision of electric vehicles (EVs) batteries. The proposed method includes a twofold contribution using a new fractional-order LFC method. The proposed technique is innovative by merging the characteristics of cascaded 2-degree of freedom (2DOF) configuration, incorporating both tilt-integral-derivative-filter (FOTIDN) and tilt-derivative-filter (FOTDN) controllers. This method is designed to enhance the robustness of interconnected multi-microgrid systems against disturbances from RESs and load demand fluctuations. Moreover, this paper presents the application of the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) for optimizing the proposed controller's parameters across various interconnected systems. Through simulation and time-domain analysis, the efficacy of the proposed technique is assessed in a range of load scenarios and uncertainty levels, exhibiting superior performance in contrast to current LFC methodologies such as TID, FOTID, TID-FOPIDN, and 2DOF TIDN-TDN. The results indicate that the advanced 2DOF FOTIDN-FOTDN controller based on the MPA significantly improves system response and stability, marking a pivotal advancement in power system control strategies. Moreover, the employing of MPA optimizer is compared with the widely-used optimizers in the literature, including the MRFO, ABC, and PSO optimizers at the different objective functions of IAE, ISE, ITAE, and ITSE. For instance, the MPA method has a minimized ITAE after 30 iterations of 0.027 compared to 0.0276 with MRFO, 0.0282 with ABC, and 0.034 with PSO optimizer. Thence, fast and better minimization of objective functions are achieved using the proposed MPA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36919,"journal":{"name":"Results in Engineering","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 103647"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0