BDJ Open最新文献

Objectives: The study explored the expression profile of miRNAs in Notch-activated periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and examined their potential cellular targets.

Methods: PDLSCs were cultured and treated with indirect immobilized Jagged1. The miRNA expression profile was examined using NanoString analysis. Bioinformatic analysis was performed together with enrichment, and miRNA expression was evaluated and validated using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results: A total of 26 miRNAs were differentially expressed in Jagged1 treated PDLSCs compared with the controls. Pathway analysis revealed that altered miRNAs were significantly associated with the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Target prediction analysis demonstrated that 11,170 genes as predictable targets of these altered miRNAs. Enrichment of predicted target genes revealed that they were related to ErbB, Ras and MAPK signaling pathways and small GTPase transduction.

Conclusions: The research concludes that several miRNAs are differentially expressed in jagged-1 treated PDLSCs. In translational terms the differential functionality of these miRNAs offer promise for the development of targeted regenerative materials that are necessary for managing lost tissue replacement in periodontal diseases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of combining primers and cements from two different resin cement systems on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) between zirconia and human dentin.

Materials and methods: A total of 120 specimens of zirconia cemented to dentin were allocated into eight groups based on cement type (RelyX Ultimate or Panavia V5) and primers (Tooth Primer, Clearfil Ceramic Primer and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive) combinations, applied to dentin or ceramic surfaces. Following artificial aging with 5000 thermocycles, μTBS tests were conducted. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (p ≤ 0.05), and failure modes were assessed.

Results: The Panavia V5 cement system demonstrated the highest bond strength (19.4 ± 4.4 MPa), significantly higher than the other groups except when RelyX cement was used with Panavia primers (16.9 ± 3.7 MPa). Cohesive fractures within the cement layer were the predominant failure mode.

Conclusions: The combination of primers from different adhesive cement system brands may significantly affect the bonding effectiveness. Therefore, using products from a single product line of the same adhesive cement system, and following the manufacturer's recommendations for indications and use, is crucial for a more predictable clinical outcome.

Introduction: Dental implantation has emerged as an efficient substitute for missing teeth, which is essential for restoring oral function and aesthetics. Compared to traditional denture repair approaches, dental implants offer better stability and sustainability. The position, angle, and depth of dental implants are crucial factors for their long-term success and necessitate high-precision operation and technical support.

Method: We propose an integrated dual-arm high-precision oral implant surgery navigation positioning system and a corresponding control strategy. Compared with traditional implant robots, the integrated dual-arm design greatly shortens the preparation time before surgery and simplifies the operation process. We propose a novel control flow and module for the proposed structure, including an Occluded Target Tracking Module (OTTM) for occlusion tracking, a Planting Plan Development Module (PPDM) for generating implant plans, and a Path Formulation Module (PFM) for controlling the movement path of the two robot arms.

Result: Under the coordinated control of the aforementioned modules, the robot achieved excellent accuracy in clinical trials. The average angular error and entry point error for five patients who underwent implant surgery using the proposed robot were 2.1° and 0.39 mm, respectively.

Conclusion: In essence, our study introduces an integrated dual-arm high-precision navigation system for oral implant surgery, resolving issues like lengthy preoperative preparation and static surgical planning. Clinical results confirm its efficacy, emphasizing its accuracy and precision in guiding oral implant procedures.

Objectives: To compare whitening efficiency and tooth sensitivity (TS) of two different over the counter (OTC) whitening systems in comparison to conventional at-home bleaching using 20% carbamide peroxide.

Materials and methods: A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted with three parallel groups (n = 13): (A) at-home whitening using 20% carbamide peroxide (20% CP), (B) OTC ready-to-use gel trays and (C) OTC-paint on gel. Clinical colour change values (ΔE) were measured using spectrophotometry at T0: baseline, T1: 7-day and T2: 14-day from whitening start, T3: 2 weeks and T4: 6 months after whitening end. TS was recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS). ΔE and TS values were statistically analysed. The level of significance for all tests was 5%.

Results: Significant differences in ∆E values were recorded between the experimental groups. ∆E values were significantly higher in the 20% CP conventional at-home whitening group. TS measurements were significantly higher in the 20% CP whitening group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Conventional at-home whitening revealed significantly improved colour change when compared to the OTC-paint on gel and OTC ready-to-use gel tray whitening systems. There was a significant colour relapse in OTC systems.

Clinical relevance: The use of tested OTC systems is not recommended as they are not effective in a clear and prolonged improved shade change. Conventional at-home whitening using 20% CP showed higher whitening efficiency and colour stability. This trial was registered with a International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN23096480), Registration date: 12/04/2023.

Background: Oral health is impaired in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), resulting in delayed dental development, malocclusion, and radiographic abnormalities. This study investigates the oral manifestations in Slovenian XLH patients, focusing on enamel and dentin abnormalities and a literature review of spontaneous periapical abscesses in XLH cases.

Objectives: To report XLH patients with specific oral signs and symptoms, histological analysis of affected teeth, and review of reported cases of XLH patients with spontaneous periapical abscesses.

Methods: Case reports: Seven XLH patients from the National Registry of Patients with Rare Diseases underwent a detailed oral examination, including X-ray reviews. The patients who were expected to have tooth exfoliation or extraction were asked to donate their teeth for histological analysis by scanning electron microscopy.

Literature search: A literature search of four electronic databases and a manual bibliography search aimed to identify documented cases of XLH with periapical abscesses up to January 21, 2024. Inclusion criteria were confirmed XLH patients with periapical abscesses in English peer-reviewed publications.

Results: Tooth samples from three XLH patients showed reduced dentin mineralisation, affecting one-third to one-half of the outer dentin. Inadequate mineralisation, uneven dentin tubules, and cracks and chipping in the enamel were observed, indicating mineralisation deviations. Similar cracks extended into the dentin and were also present in the root of the examined tooth. Based on the content of the 75 items identified in the search, spontaneous abscesses are not uncommon in patients with XLH.

Conclusions: XLH significantly affects patients' lives and requires lifelong treatment. Dental examinations consistently revealed oral problems, including malocclusion. Histological analysis confirmed structural changes, especially in the dentin. Despite continued treatment, XLH patients may have an increased risk of oral pathologies. Further research is needed to understand the impact of XLH and its treatment on dental health.

Objectives: This study utilised a cross-sectional survey design to assess the levels of knowledge and awareness among 841 undergraduate dental students from Saudi Arabia regarding sustainable development goals (SDGs) and sustainable dental practices (SDP).

Materials and methods: A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed to adults aged between 18 and 35 years of both genders, from November 2022 to November 2023. The study has obtained appropriate ethical approval.

Results: Participants exhibited a moderate level of knowledge and awareness regarding the SDGs, while demonstrating a high level of awareness specifically related to the SDP. The presence of a correlation between gender-associated beliefs and pro-environmental behaviours is apparent. Additionally, it has been observed that participants who engage in clinical activities exhibit a heightened level of awareness concerning SDP.

Conclusions: By assessing dental students' current knowledge and awareness of the SDGs and SDP, we can inform stakeholders in the dental industry about how to enhance sustainability competence and develop dental policy curricula. This will better prepare students to serve as educators as well as professionals, aligning with their commitment to integrating the principles and objectives of various SDGs and SDP into dental education and practice.

Objective: Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction is a common clinical condition arising from radiotherapy to suppress head and neck cancers. The radiation often destroys the SG secretory acini, and glands are left with limited regenerative potential. Due to the complex architecture of SG acini and ducts, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting platforms have emerged to spatially define these in vitro epithelial units and develop mini-organs or organoids for regeneration. Due to the limited body of evidence, this comprehensive review highlights the advantages and challenges of bioprinting platforms for SG regeneration.

Methods: SG microtissue engineering strategies such as magnetic 3D bioassembly of cells and microfluidic coaxial 3D bioprinting of cell-laden microfibers and microtubes have been proposed to replace the damaged acinar units, avoid the use of xenogeneic matrices (like Matrigel), and restore salivary flow.

Results: Replacing the SG damaged organ is challenging due to its complex architecture, which combines a ductal network with acinar epithelial units to facilitate a unidirectional flow of saliva. Our research group was the first to develop 3D bioassembly SG epithelial functional organoids with innervation to respond to both cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation. More recently, microtissue engineering using coaxial 3D bioprinting of hydrogel microfibers and microtubes could also supported the formation of viable epithelial units. Both bioprinting approaches could overcome the need for Matrigel by facilitating the assembly of adult stem cells, such as human dental pulp stem cells, and primary SG cells into micro-sized 3D constructs able to produce their own matrix and self-organize into micro-modular tissue clusters with lumenized areas. Furthermore, extracellular vesicle (EV) therapies from organoid-derived secretome were also designed and validated ex vivo for SG regeneration after radiation damage.

Conclusion: Magnetic 3D bioassembly and microfluidic coaxial bioprinting platforms have the potential to create SG mini-organs for regenerative applications via organoid transplantation or organoid-derived EV therapies.

Objectives: To determine the patient-oriented outcomes after complete denture (CD) treatment using neutral zone (NZ) techniques compared with those of conventional dentures.

Materials and methods: Electronic and hand searches were conducted up to December 2023 based on PICOS criteria. Population (P) was patients with complete edentulism on maxillary and mandibular arches and were either or not wearing CDs. Intervention (I) focused on the fabrication of mandibular and/or maxillary CD using NZ techniques. Comparators (C) included other CD fabrication approaches, such as conventional and simplified techniques, and the use of old or existing CDs. Outcomes (O) were patient-oriented treatment outcomes. Study design (S) included human studies.

Results: Eleven human experimental studies were included. NZ dentures demonstrated better patient-reported outcomes, by providing greater comfort, enhancing denture stability and retention, reducing food traps underneath the denture, as well as improving appearance, chewing efficiency and speech. Objective findings varied, with most studies showing equivalent outcomes for NZ and conventional dentures. However, one study indicated superior, and another demonstrated worse outcomes for NZ dentures.

Conclusions: NZ dentures generally improve patient-reported outcomes more than conventional dentures. However, their impact on objective outcomes compared with a conventional denture remains uncertain.

Background and aim: The alarming rise in the number of people with special health care needs (SHCNs) necessitates a paradigm shift in how to approach their oral health needs. General anesthesia (GA) is a valuable technique for facilitating dental procedures in patients with SHCNs who may not be able to tolerate treatment without it. The aim was to assess nonsurgical endodontic treatment and outcomes in patients with SHCNs performed under GA.

Method: Seventy-eight permanent teeth in 33 patients who received nonsurgical endodontic treatment under GA were included between 2018 and 2022 in SHCNs hospital clinics. The demographic data, types of SHCNs, pulpal and periapical diagnosis, type of treatment, and material used were analyzed. All patients were recalled for clinical and radiographic examinations. Pre-treatment and recall periapical radiographs were evaluated and scored using the Periapical Index (PAI).

Results: Autism and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were 39.4% of patients treated. Most treatments delivered were primary nonsurgical root canal treatment (95%). Warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha for obturation accounted for 88% of cases treated. Single cone obturation technique was used in 9 cases (12%) utilizing tricalcium silicate sealer. At the recall visits, 98.7% of teeth treated had survived. Twelve teeth have pre-treatment periapical lesions, and all healed except one. Female patients were found to have higher scores of PAI compared to male patients (23.7% vs 7.5%), yet insignificant. Only 10 patients with nonsurgical root canal treatment reported recurrent caries.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high survival rate for nonsurgical endodontic treatment performed under GA in a cohort of patients with SHCNs. Interestingly, patients with social and communication disorders received the highest proportion of treatments under GA. These findings highlight the potential of GA-facilitated endodontics for this population. However, further research is warranted to explore additional methods for optimizing oral health outcomes in SHCNs.

Introduction: Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is the most common type of bad breath; its consequences impair quality of life. However, evidence-based treatment protocols and guidelines are lacking. Our aim is to investigate the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide as an applicable complementary treatment modality in IOH after tongue cleaning.

Methods and analysis: The ODOR trial will be a single-center, double-blinded, parallel-group, double-armed pilot randomized controlled trial with a non-inferiority design. The efficacy of hyperpure chlorine dioxide will be compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash. We plan to investigate the short-term effects of the intervention over a 3-h period. The primary endpoint will be changes in organoleptic test scores. At the end of the pilot investigation of the first 30 patients each, sample size calculation will be performed. If feasible, the investigators will continue the study by enrolling more patients.

Trial registration: The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06219226).