BDJ Open最新文献

Introduction: Pre-fabricated fibre posts facilitate post-endodontic restoration of endodontically treated teeth with insufficient coronal tooth structure. Recent advancements in digital dentistry have led to the introduction of custom-made fibre posts fabricated with computer-aided design-computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) technology. However, evidence on the comparative performance of the different post-types is lacking. This systematic review with network meta-analysis aimed to analyse the current evidence on in-vitro studies comparing bond strength, catastrophic failures, fracture resistance, and cement film thickness between CAD-CAM fibre posts and other post types, including pre-fabricated fibre and custom-made cast-metal posts.

Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies for in-vitro studies from inception until December 2023 (PROSPERO: CRD42024501614). Network meta-analysis and pairwise meta-analysis were performed. The ranking was performed using the surface area under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) guidelines.

Results: Seven hundred forty-one articles were identified, of which 80 duplicates were removed, and 585 were excluded by screening the titles and abstracts. A total of 76 articles were assessed by full-text reading, and 16 were included in the quantitative synthesis. CAD-CAM fibre posts (SMD = 1.09 [95% CI: 0.01, 2.17]) P = 0.04 demonstrated higher bond strength when compared to pre-fabricated posts. CAD-CAM fibre posts (RR = 0.39 [95% CI: 0.23, 0.69]) P < 0.05 demonstrated a lower risk for catastrophic failures when compared to pre-fabricated fibre posts.

Conclusions: In-vitro studies demonstrated that CAD-CAM fibre posts demonstrated higher bond strength, lower catastrophic failure rates, and similar fracture resistance compared to pre-fabricated and cast metal posts. The data on bond strength and catastrophic failures of CAD-CAM fibre posts must be validated clinically by high-quality, randomised, controlled clinical trials.

Background: The application of Silver diamine fluoride is an effective approach in controlling dental caries. But the black discoloration caused by its application is unaesthetic and is of greater concern to the parents.

Aim: To assess the potential color masking ability of tooth colored restorative material over discoloration caused by 38% SDF using a UV‒VIS-NIR spectrophotometer.

Material and methods: 20 extracted teeth were taken and randomly divided into 4 groups: Group A: 38% SDF + GIC; Group B: 38% SDF + RMGIC; Group C: 38% SDF+ Composite; Group D: 38% SDF+ Cention N. Two readings were recorded, one on application of 38% SDF and second after application of test materials using a UV‒VIS-NIR spectrophotometer.

Result: The intragroup comparison for color masking ability (ΔE) for all four restorative materials revealed no statistically significant differences, with a test value of 1.168 and a p value of 0.353, and the highest mean was observed in Group A, i.e., 38% SDF + GIC (9.171966) Significant differences in color were observed, with more shifts toward yellow in group A (2.488 ± 2.957) and group D (1.686 ± 0.559) and more shifts toward green in groups B (-0.088 ± 0.34) and C (-0.062 ± 0.5). The mean lightness was greatest for Group C, i.e., the composite group (86.396 ± 3.741), and least for Group A, i.e., the GIC group (76.664 ± 8.213).

Conclusion: All 4 restorative materials were equally effective in terms of color masking over 38% SDF discoloration.

Background: Drug-associated gingival disorders can negatively impact on oral health. This study aimed to utilize the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (USFDA AERS) to comprehensively assess the associations between medications and specific gingival disorders.

Methods: Data were extracted from the USFDA AERS from 2004-2024 using Preferred Terms for eight gingival disorders. Reports were deduplicated and disproportionality analysis was conducted using frequentist and Bayesian approaches to detect potential signals. Volcano plots were generated for each gum disorder to identify the drugs with the strongest signals based on the statistical significance and magnitude of association.

Results: A total of 11,465 reports were included. Several anti-osteoporotic drugs, anti-thrombotics, calcium channel blockers and immunosuppressants showed significant associations with multiple gingival disorders. Phenytoin was linked to hypertrophy and bleeding. Stomatological preparations were associated with discoloration and bleeding. Emergent signals were identified with finasteride, COVID-19 vaccine, and levothyroxine with gum disorders.

Conclusion: This study highlights the need for increased awareness of oral side effects amongst healthcare providers. Future research should explore the mechanisms of drug-induced gingival disorders and develop interdisciplinary management strategies to enhance oral health in patients on long-term medications.

Background: Compare the remineralization efficiency of Ginger, Ashwaghanda and Maca dentifrices versus commercially fluoride containing dentifrice.

Methods: Ginger, Ashwaghanda and Maca extracts were prepared by solvent extraction methodology and were characterized using transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The pH of the dentifrices was evaluated by pH meter. Eighty teeth were collected and divided into five groups according to the treatment protocol. Enamel morphology was carried out by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy for the analysis of calcium, phosphorus, Ca/P ratio and carbon. Surface microhardness was evaluated by Vickers micro-hardness tester. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: Characterization results showed the highest calcium, phosphorus and fluoride ion release were associated to Maca, Ashwaganda and Ginger respectively. The pH results revealed that Ginger dentifrice exhibited the most alkaline pH, whereas Ashwaganda dentifrice exhibited the most acidic pH. Morphological analysis revealed that Ashwaganda showed lower remineralization ability compared to the other treated groups. Maca showed significant higher Ca/P ratio compared to other groups (p < 0.001) and Ginger showed significant higher surface microhardness recovery compared to Ashwaganda (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Ginger and Maca are promising remineralizing agents.

Objectives: The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of bone-related factors such as initial bone height (IBH), imaginary pixel unit (IPU), bone diameter (BD), crestal cortical thickness (CCT), and sinus floor thickness (SFT) in transalveolar sinus lift procedures using threaded bone expanders without bone graft materials.

Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out on patients who had reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Tishreen University between January 2018 and June 2024. The sample consisted of patients who had transalveolar sinus lift using motorized threaded bone expanders with simultaneous hybrid dental implants placement without bone graft materials. The bone-related factors, including initial bone height (IBH), imaginary pixel unit (IPU), bone diameter (BD), crestal cortical thickness (CCT), and sinus floor thickness (SFT) were analyzed using CBCT scans that were taken preoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship of the factors and insertion torque of the dental implant. The statistical analysis includes descriptive statistics for all variables mentioned. A Uni-variate linear regression (Spearman's correlation) and multivariate linear regression were performed to assess the relation between Insertion torque and the explanatory variables. The p values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The Newey West correction for heteroskedasticity was applied.

Results: In this retrospective study, 124 hybrid implants (cylindrical in coronal section and conical in apical section) were placed in 113 patients (53 males and 60 females) in the posterior region of the maxilla in conjunction with transalveolar sinus lift. In the Uni-variate analysis, we observed a strong positive correlation between IT and IPU, a weak positive correlation between IT and SFT, and between IT and CCT. There was no correlation found between IT and IBH, as well as between IT and BD. Through multivariate analysis, we found that IPU and CCT were associated with higher values of IT, whereas IBH, BD, and SFT were not significantly associated with the value of insertion torque.

Conclusions: Our study indicates that, within its limitations, insertion torque values in transalveolar sinus lift procedures using threaded bone expanders and hybrid implants are primarily influenced by cortical bone thickness and imaginary pixel unit, while factors such as sinus floor thickness, initial bone height, and bone diameter do not significantly affect these values.

Objective: The aim of this work was to study the mechanical, degradation behavior and bioactivity of porous magnesium-based scaffolds alloyed with zinc and hydroxyapatite, fabricated using two different types of space holding agents and a modified powder metallurgy route.

Methods: Powder particles of magnesium, zinc, hydroxyapatite (HA) and spacers were mixed, then mixtures were divided into 6 groups: IA (urea/0%HA), IB (urea/5%HA), IC (urea/7.5%HA), IIA (ammonium bicarbonate/0%HA), IIB (ammonium bicarbonate/5%HA) and IIC (ammonium bicarbonate/7.5%HA). A modified powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate the composites. Porosity analysis and microstructural characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) were done. Evaluation of mechanical properties, in-vitro degradation rate in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in-vitro bioactivity using SEM and XRD were done. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way and three-way repeated ANOVA tests.

Results: All scaffolds were found to be highly porous. Significant differences were observed regarding mechanical properties, degradation rate and concentration of magnesium released during degradation (P  < 0.0001). The results showed that group IIB had the lowest strength and fastest corrosion rate, while IB had the highest strength and elastic modulus and the slowest corrosion rate among all groups. Bioactivity evaluation revealed extensive formation of calcium phosphate crystals and precipitations covering the scaffolds' surfaces.

Conclusion: This study showed that using up to 5% HA as a reinforcing element with moderate compaction pressure and urea as a space holding agent can result in the fabrication of magnesium scaffolds suitable for orthopedic applications.

Introduction: This cross-sectional study examines whether the assumption that diastemas of 1 mm or greater are un-attractive is true in a Black West-African population, and identifies the determinants of attractiveness.

Methods: A structured questionnaire was self-administered to adult participants, who rated digitally altered full-face colour photographs of a male and female model with diastema widths of 0-6 mm on a 5-point Likert scale. Quantitative data was analysed using SAS® (version 9.4) and SPSS® (version 26). Qualitative data was analysed with thematic analysis.

Results: 375 participants completed the questionnaire (51% female, 48% male, 1% preferred not to disclose) with a modal age of 25-34. 65% of participants found maxillary midline diastema esthetic and/or desirable, with 63% of those with diastemas choosing to have no treatment, and the desire to have treatment decreasing with increasing age (p = 0.012). No smile was perceived to be unattractive, however female smiles were rated more favourably (p < 0.001) and increasing diastema width correlated with a decreasing attractiveness especially for diastemas wider than 3 mm in females and 2 mm in males. Diastema width, the gender of the model, and whether or not the participant had a diastema themselves was shown to impact perceptions of attractiveness in a multi-variable analysis.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence to support the position that MMDs over 1 mm are not attractive in this population. Diastemas of ≤3 mm in females and ≤2 mm in males are considered attractive. In addition gender, diastema width, and an individual's own diastema (or absence thereof) impact perceived attractiveness.

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) images can provide information about anatomical structures and pathological processes in ancient skulls. A previous study on the teeth and jaws of 171 individuals in a late Swedish Viking age population, dating around the 10^th-12^th century made clinical examinations that included intraoral radiographs. Current explorative study examined a subset of this population using CT with the aim to investigate if this method could provide additional information about the studied subjects.

Materials and method: The skulls of 15 Viking-era individuals were examined with CT. Two specialists in oral and maxillofacial radiology and one general dentist examined the images together, performing the diagnostics and interpretated the results.

Results: Findings included signs of pathological conditions of the teeth; of the alveolar, mandibular, maxillary and auricular bone; and of the paranasal sinuses and temporomandibular joints. These findings indicated the presence of both clinically detectable conditions, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, periapical destructions and remodelling of the caput mandibulae, but also additional findings such as sclerotization of the mastoid process, infection-induced periosteal bone deposition, and signs of sinusitis.

Conclusion: CT investigation of skeletal remains from an early Christian community in the Viking era in Sweden indicated that the population suffered from numerous orofacial pathologies, including dental disease, sinusitis, otitis, and various infections. The current study, using CT as an investigation method of skeletal remains, indicated that this method could identify conditions that might be difficult to find through ocular inspection. Conclusively, CT is suggested to be an important non-invasive method when used in combination with other examination methods, possibly providing additional information about archeological human remains. Further studies on similar samples are suggested to examine this further.