BDJ Open最新文献

Objective: Evaluating immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength (µSBS) between composite resin and glass ionomer cements using different adhesive systems and mechanical surface treatment.

Materials and methods: A total of 240 specimens of glass ionomer restorative materials were divided into two groups: Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) namely Riva Light Cure and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (CGIC) namely Riva Self Cure. These were subdivided into immediate (24 h) and delayed (3 months) storage and further divided into smooth, medium, and rough surface treatment with either total etch (TE) or self-etch (SE) adhesive strategies. Composite resin was applied and µSBS of the sample was determined and failure modes were examined.

Results: Immediate µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC and TE was better than SE. Within RMGIC, smooth surface has significantly higher bond strength than medium and rough stone surface treatment. Delayed µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC. Within RMGIC specimens, TE and smooth and medium grit had significantly better bond strength than SE and rough grit. Within CGIC, statistically higher bond strength values were found with medium grit compared to smooth while no difference was found between TE and SE.

Conclusion: Bonding composite resin to smooth RMGIC using TE yielded higher bond strength values than CGIC regardless of the time. Bonding composite resin immediately to CGIC is best done using a TE technique. However, delayed bonding to CGIC requires roughening of the CGIC surface prior to placement of the composite resin to obtain improved bonding.

Introduction: Hard-setting calcium hydroxide-based materials, e.g., Dycal and Life, have been widely used for direct pulp capping. However, various studies have shown undesirable effects such as high solubility and unpredictable dentine bridge formation. Bioceramic, mainly composed of tricalcium and dicalcium silicates, e.g., mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine, have provided more desirable physical and biological properties. This study aims to measure the physical properties, chemical properties, and biological response of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) on three dental pulp-capping materials, Dycal, Life, and cockle shell-derived tricalcium silicate pulp capping material (C-Cap).

Methods: C-Cap was prepared from cockle shells and rice husk ash. Its chemical composition was identified using X-ray diffractometry. The setting time, flow, solubility, and radiopacity tests were performed following the International Organization for Standardization 6876:2012. pH and calcium ion release were measured. The materials were subjected to an extraction medium at various concentrations and subsequently measured for cytotoxicity and migration on HDPCs, from three healthy, mature permanent teeth from different donors. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by examining alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and alizarin red staining assay. The data were tested for a normal distribution. The differences among groups were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).

Results: The setting time of each material was approximately 1-2 min. C-Cap showed the lowest solubility (10.27% ± 1.02%) compared to Dycal (12.67% ± 0.94%) and Life (12.74% ± 1.33%), with a significant difference (p < 0.05). All materials exhibited radiopacity ranging from 2.4 to 2.9 mm of aluminum. C-Cap had the highest flow, alkalinity, and calcium ion release. C-Cap was significantly less cytotoxic than Dycal and Life (p < 0.05). The migration of HDPCs cultured in C-Cap extraction medium (27.74% ± 0.12%) was comparable to that in serum-free medium (27.09% ± 0.08%) with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The mineralization by HDPCs maintained in C-Cap extraction medium was significantly higher than those in Dycal and Life extraction mediums with a significant difference (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: C-Cap, a tricalcium silicate-based pulp capping material has potential for further development. C-Cap exhibited comparable physical properties and superior biological properties when compared to Dycal and Life.

Introduction: Dental education blends theoretical and practical training to prepare students for independent patient care. This study examines the confidence levels of dental students at Umeå University, Sweden regarding independent performance of general dentistry tasks, and whether this confidence changes after clinical training.

Material and methods: Surveys were conducted before and after a summer clinical internship, with students rating their comfort levels on a scale from 0 to 10 for various procedures.

Results: Results from 64 initial surveys and 54 follow-up surveys showed no significant difference in confidence before and after the internship except for performing a tooth extraction (p = 0.010). However, confidence levels varied based on whether students had practiced specific tasks during the internship.

Discussion: Students felt least confident in managing acute dental trauma (mean 6.1-6.2) and treating cavities in young children (mean 6.2-6.7), while they were most confident in tasks like obtaining radiographic surveys (mean 8.5-8.6) and debriding periodontally compromised dentition (mean 8.2-8.3). Tooth extraction and dental fillings were the most practiced procedures during the internship.

Conclusions: The study concludes that the internship between the ninth and tenth semesters does not notably boost students' confidence in specific dental procedures except for dental extractions. This result can possibly be explained due to the short duration of the training. Further exploration, including input from clinical supervisors, is suggested to optimise clinical training in dental education.

Introduction: Aims This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the PrepCheck digital system as an additional feedback tool in enhancing undergraduate dental students' tooth preparation skills and its potential to enhance students' learning experience.

Material and methods: A total of 55 BDS3 students attending the "Crowns Course" and divided into three groups participated in the study. One group (n = 24) was randomly selected as the case group and received feedback using the digital tooth preparation analysis system, PrepCheck, alongside standard visual assessment. The other two groups (n = 31) served as controls and only received standard visual feedback. All students' tooth preparations for the final test were digitally assessed using PrepCheck against a faculty-approved master preparation. The tooth preparation quality was compared between the case and control groups, employing two distinct grading methods. Additionally, a questionnaire was provided to students who used the digital system to gather their feedback.

Results: The findings revealed a positive trend in performance among the case group when using the PrepCheck system. However, the analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in both the tutor assessment only and tutor assessment in addition to using the PrepCheck report. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences, qualitative feedback from participants indicated a favourable reception of the digital system.

Conclusions: While the PrepCheck digital system displayed potential in complementing traditional teaching methods and enhancing the learning experience, its integration posed challenges, particularly concerning time constraints. Further research is recommended to investigate further the potential longer-term effects and potential useful applications for integrating digital systems like PrepCheck into dental education.

Objective: Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized healthcare, yet their integration in dentistry remains underexplored. Therefore, this scoping review aims to systematically evaluate current literature on LLMs in dentistry.

Data sources: The search covered PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar, with studies selected based on predefined criteria. Data were extracted to identify applications, evaluation metrics, prompting strategies, and deployment levels of LLMs in dental practice.

Results: From 4079 records, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. ChatGPT was the predominant model, mainly used for post-operative patient queries. Likert scale was the most reported evaluation metric, and only two studies employed advanced prompting strategies. Most studies were at level 3 of deployment, indicating practical application but requiring refinement.

Conclusion: LLMs showed extensive applicability in dental specialties; however, reliance on ChatGPT necessitates diversified assessments across multiple LLMs. Standardizing reporting practices and employing advanced prompting techniques are crucial for transparency and reproducibility, necessitating continuous efforts to optimize LLM utility and address existing challenges.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the effect of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children at the mixed dentition stage and correlate it with their caries experience.

Subjects and methods: One hundred two children aged from 8 to 10 years were recruited, 51 with MIH and 51 as control. Caries experience was recorded using DMFT/deft and ICDAS II. MIH-TNI index was used for classifying MIH severity. CPQ_8-10 with its Arabic version was used to evaluate OHRQoL. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparisons (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: The mean value for CPQ_8-10 in MIH group was 24.67 (±11.84; median 23; range 6-55) in comparison to 21.04 (±12.3; median 18; range 2-54) for the control group, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.109). A significantly higher value (p = 0.011) was recorded in patients with MIH-TNI 4 mean 32.16 (±13.9; median 35; range from 7 to 55) in comparison to other categories of MIH.

Conclusion: Children with and without MIH, with similar caries experience showed no difference in OHRQoL. However, the presence of the severe form of MIH including hypersensitivity and enamel disintegration negatively impacted those children's OHRQoL.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 5% EMLA cream and 8% lidocaine gel in reducing pain during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) compared with 20% Benzocaine in children aged 6-10 years.

Materials and methods: This was a triple-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled trial with three arms. 45 children were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group 1: control group, 20% benzocaine gel (n = 15). Group 2: 8% lidocaine gel (n = 15). Group 3: 5% EMLA cream (n = 15). Each topical anesthetic was applied in an amount of 0.3 mL using a cotton swab for 2 min, followed by IANB administration. The following primary outcome measures were considered: pulse rate, the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) behavioral pain assessment scale, and the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale.

Results: The mean score of the FLACC behavioral pain assessment scale in group 2 (2.20 ± 1.86) was slightly higher, but this result was not statistically significant p = (0.806). Regarding the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale scores, no statistically significant difference was noted between the study groups p = (0.593). After IANB administration, the mean pulse rate was higher in group 3 (102.40 ± 14.28). However, this difference was not statistically significant p = (0.351). In addition, the mean change of the pulse rate from the baseline to this time point was not statistically significant p = (0.638), indicating a smaller physiologic response to the painful stimulus.

Conclusion: 8% lidocaine gel was not superior to 20% benzocaine nor 5% EMLA in reducing pain during IANB administration.

Objectives: Endotracheal tube intubation by laryngoscope during general anesthesia is a safe procedure with a few complications. However, it may cause some damage to the oral cavity structures, which leads to postoperative pain and discomfort. Traumatic dental injuries associated with endotracheal tube intubation are one of the most common complications. The study aimed to determine the incidence of traumatic dental injuries during oral-endotracheal tube intubation in general anesthesia among children receiving surgery at the Children's Hospital in Damascus City during 2022-2023.

Methods: It was a prospective longitudinal study which investigated the incidence of traumatic dental injuries during oral-endotracheal tube intubation under general anesthesia in 110 children aged 6-12 years old at the University Children's Hospital in Damascus City in 2022. After ensuring that the child met inclusion criteria and obtained written consent. Each child was examined before, during, and after 12-24 h of entering the operation room. Personal information (gender - age), information related to anesthesia procedures, and some oral cavity characters were collected.

Results: The incidence of traumatic dental injuries during general anesthesia was 9.1%. Most of them intra-oral soft tissue injuries. The concussion is the most common injury related to teeth damage. In addition, the tongue was the most common-place. There is a correlation between the incidence of traumatic dental injuries and the difficulty of intubation, the number of intubation attempts, Mallampati score (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The anesthesiologist should evaluate the condition of each patient carefully. Document every detail in their record and inform the patient of the possibility of dental damage during the procedures especially in the case that has difficulty intubation.

Context: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate-based cement that potentially exhibits improved washout resistance when carboxymethyl chitosan or gelatin is incorporated. Gel-form MTA is a novel mineral trioxide aggregate formulated using construction industry-based technology. The present study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the sealing ability and adaptation to dentinal walls of gel-form MTA.

Materials and methods: This in-vitro study consisted of two groups: gel-form MTA and the conventional powder-liquid MTA. 10 samples per group were used for each of the tested parameters. Adaptation of the MTA to the dentinal walls was tested under the light microscope and measured using Image J software. Sealing ability was evaluated using a single aerobic bacterial leakage model. Appropriate statistical analysis was done for the obtained data. Adaptation of the MTA was analyzed using independent t-test and Friedman test, whereas the bacterial leakage was analyzed using chi-square test.

Results: On comparison of the adaptation property at coronal and apical thirds, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.071 and p = 0.638, respectively). However, while comparing the same in the middle one-third of the root, lesser gaps were identified in the gel-form MTA group (p = 0.013). One sample belonging to the conventional powder-liquid MTA group showed significant turbidity during bacteria leakage evaluation (p = 0.001) with the presence of E. faecalis in the count of 10³ colony forming units/milliliter.

Conclusion: The gel-form MTA shows a better adaptation to the dentinal walls at the middle third of the root and exhibits better sealing ability against bacterial leakage when tested for E. faecalis. The adaptation of gel-form MTA at coronal and apical third of the root was comparable to the conventional powder-liquid MTA.

Background: Majority of patients with Dento-Facial Traumatic Injuries (DFTI) seek initial care at an Emergency Department (ED). The timely management of DFTI is of utmost importance in determining long-term prognosis of the tooth and the patient's overall quality of life. Thus, knowledge and awareness of ED residents & physicians regarding the management of DFTI is crucial for better patient outcomes. Numerous studies have investigated the knowledge of ED specialists regarding initial management of dental trauma, however, scientific evidence in this domain is scarce in our region.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of ED residents and physicians regarding diagnosis and management of DFTI using a web-based survey on REDCap.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among the ED residents and physicians of private and public hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected through a web-based questionnaire, sent via email to the participants. The survey comprised of questions assessing their knowledge regarding the diagnosis and management of various dental and maxillofacial injuries. Responses from the participants were graded as low, moderate or high knowledge levels according to a pre-determined criteria. Pearson's chi-square test was applied to determine the association between knowledge scores.

Results: The total response rate was 47.6%. Out of 116 participants, 49 (42%) responses were received from physicians and 67 (58%) from residents. The overall knowledge level of participants was low (46.6%) and there was no significant difference in the knowledge level between residents and physicians (p = 0.157). Participants who had received formal training in dental trauma (p = 0.038) and those with more years of clinical experience (p = 0.004) had higher knowledge scores, that were statistically significant.

Conclusions: The knowledge and awareness of ED residents and physicians in dental trauma management was generally low. Specialized training courses are required to provide timely and adequate management of traumatic dental injuries in order to improve patient-related outcomes.