Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(18).2019.136
A. Shvets, A. Nickolaenko, A. Koloskov, Y. Yampolsky, O. Budanov, A. Shvets
This paper describes the results of the atmospherics measurements in the extremely low-frequency (ELF) and very low-frequency (VLF) frequency ranges performed at the Akademik Vernadsky station (64.26W; 65.25S) during February–April 2019. The main objective of the study was the implementation of a single-site technique for monitoring the lower ionosphere parameters and locating globally distributed powerful lightning discharges. Methods. The receiving and analyzing VLF complex was used at the station to record two horizontal magnetic and vertical electric components of atmospherics in the frequency range 750 Hz – 24 kHz. A single-site lightning location method is based on the analysis of tweek-atmospherics (tweeks).It was implemented in the receiving system software. This allowed obtaining real-time information about lightning position, height and electron density variations in the lower ionosphere.The records of VLF atmospherics were synchronized via GPS timestamps with records of ELF transients resulted from globally distributed powerful lightning discharges. Results of analysis of tweeks recorded at the Akademik Vernadsky station indicates that lightning discharges are registered at distances from 2,000 km to about 10,000 km within the azimuthal sector, covering almost the entire South American continent, southern Africa and the Gulf of Guinea. Practically, no tweeks from the Pacific were recorded. This can be attributed to the non-reciprocity of attenuation of radio waves propagating in the west-east and east-west directions. In addition to the fundamental mode, we observed also the second and higher order modes of tweeks. This allowed estimating the lower boundary altitude and the electron density in the lower ionosphere. We demonstrated the advantages of simultaneous recordings of VLF atmospherics and ELF transients. Employing the vertical electric and two horizontal magnetic components measured by the VLF complex allowed for more accurate and unambiguous determining the source azimuth and resolving polarity of the charge transfer in the parent lightning discharges. Combining the ELF and VLF records, we can determine a distance to lightning and, then, parameters of the current moment of the lightning discharge. Conclusions. The performed experimental studies has shown the prospect of further combined ELF–VLF monitoring at the Akademik Vernadsky station, enabling detection of globally distributed powerful lightning discharges and changes in the lower ionosphere related to various phenomena of space weather, atmospheric and of terrestrial origin.
{"title":"Low-frequency (ELF�VLF) radio atmospherics study at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station","authors":"A. Shvets, A. Nickolaenko, A. Koloskov, Y. Yampolsky, O. Budanov, A. Shvets","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(18).2019.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(18).2019.136","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the results of the atmospherics measurements in the extremely low-frequency (ELF) and very low-frequency (VLF) frequency ranges performed at the Akademik Vernadsky station (64.26W; 65.25S) during February–April 2019. The main objective of the study was the implementation of a single-site technique for monitoring the lower ionosphere parameters and locating globally distributed powerful lightning discharges. Methods. The receiving and analyzing VLF complex was used at the station to record two horizontal magnetic and vertical electric components of atmospherics in the frequency range 750 Hz – 24 kHz. A single-site lightning location method is based on the analysis of tweek-atmospherics (tweeks).It was implemented in the receiving system software. This allowed obtaining real-time information about lightning position, height and electron density variations in the lower ionosphere.The records of VLF atmospherics were synchronized via GPS timestamps with records of ELF transients resulted from globally distributed powerful lightning discharges. Results of analysis of tweeks recorded at the Akademik Vernadsky station indicates that lightning discharges are registered at distances from 2,000 km to about 10,000 km within the azimuthal sector, covering almost the entire South American continent, southern Africa and the Gulf of Guinea. Practically, no tweeks from the Pacific were recorded. This can be attributed to the non-reciprocity of attenuation of radio waves propagating in the west-east and east-west directions. In addition to the fundamental mode, we observed also the second and higher order modes of tweeks. This allowed estimating the lower boundary altitude and the electron density in the lower ionosphere. We demonstrated the advantages of simultaneous recordings of VLF atmospherics and ELF transients. Employing the vertical electric and two horizontal magnetic components measured by the VLF complex allowed for more accurate and unambiguous determining the source azimuth and resolving polarity of the charge transfer in the parent lightning discharges. Combining the ELF and VLF records, we can determine a distance to lightning and, then, parameters of the current moment of the lightning discharge. Conclusions. The performed experimental studies has shown the prospect of further combined ELF–VLF monitoring at the Akademik Vernadsky station, enabling detection of globally distributed powerful lightning discharges and changes in the lower ionosphere related to various phenomena of space weather, atmospheric and of terrestrial origin.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121971353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.28
V. Soloviev, V. Bakhmutov, I. Korchagin, T. Yegorova
During the seasonal work in the Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions (1997—2012), a significant amount of geological and geophysical studies were carried out. The main objective of the study is to obtain new data on the distribution of deep heterogeneities in the structures of the region. It’s allowed to construct the geophysical models and to discuss the existing ideas about the stages of formation and evolution tectonic structures of the West Antarctica near the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). New geophysical models of the Earth's crust were used to study the possible nature of the Pacific Coast magnetic anomaly (PMA) near the AP. The results of magnetic, seismic and geoelectric surveys in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula showed that active tectonic processes in the Meso — Cenozoic led to the of PMA magnetic sources forming along the edge of the AP. The spatial heterogeneity of the various segments of PMA can also be associated with a variety of depth, thickness and magnetic susceptibility of individual units that form the source of regional anomaly. The magnetic PMA sources in the Earth's crust can be limited in depth (up to 8—10 km) and consist of a series of bodies with different age, composition and magnetization. The shape of the PMA anomalies is significantly affected by numerous local intrusions located in the upper part of the earth's crust. In certain segments of the PMA, they form an additional horizon of magnetized bodies associated with the processes of young volcanism in the structures of the continental margin. Conclusions. The materials of geophysical surveys and complex geological and geophysical models of the earth's crust and upper mantle were analyzed, which made it possible to identify structural features, evolution, and geodynamic processes of the development of regional structures, as well as to obtain new data on the possible nature of PMA. The total anomaly name (PMA) can formally integrate anomalies of different ages and origins. Numerous local intrusions of young (Cenozoic) age form an additional horizon of magnetized bodies associated with volcanic processes at the top of the crust. Some segments of the PMA may be associated with the processes of tectonic changes near the Antarctic — Scotia paleo-plate boundary, as well as teсtonic and magmatic activity in the areas of paleorift structures detection. New geophysical results for different PMA — segments from the Palmer Land to Powell Basin were used to summarize current ideas about the sources and origins of this positive magnetic anomaly.
{"title":"New Geophysical Data About the Pacific Margin (West Antarctica) Magnetic Anomaly Sources and Origin","authors":"V. Soloviev, V. Bakhmutov, I. Korchagin, T. Yegorova","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.28","url":null,"abstract":"During the seasonal work in the Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions (1997—2012), a significant amount of geological and geophysical studies were carried out. \u0000The main objective of the study is to obtain new data on the distribution of deep heterogeneities in the structures of the region. It’s allowed to construct the geophysical models and to discuss the existing ideas about the stages of formation and evolution tectonic structures of the West Antarctica near the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). New geophysical models of the Earth's crust were used to study the possible nature of the Pacific Coast magnetic anomaly (PMA) near the AP. \u0000The results of magnetic, seismic and geoelectric surveys in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula showed that active tectonic processes in the Meso — Cenozoic led to the of PMA magnetic sources forming along the edge of the AP. The spatial heterogeneity of the various segments of PMA can also be associated with a variety of depth, thickness and magnetic susceptibility of individual units that form the source of regional anomaly. The magnetic PMA sources in the Earth's crust can be limited in depth (up to 8—10 km) and consist of a series of bodies with different age, composition and magnetization. The shape of the PMA anomalies is significantly affected by numerous local intrusions located in the upper part of the earth's crust. In certain segments of the PMA, they form an additional horizon of magnetized bodies associated with the processes of young volcanism in the structures of the continental margin. \u0000Conclusions. The materials of geophysical surveys and complex geological and geophysical models of the earth's crust and upper mantle were analyzed, which made it possible to identify structural features, evolution, and geodynamic processes of the development of regional structures, as well as to obtain new data on the possible nature of PMA. The total anomaly name (PMA) can formally integrate anomalies of different ages and origins. Numerous local intrusions of young (Cenozoic) age form an additional horizon of magnetized bodies associated with volcanic processes at the top of the crust. Some segments of the PMA may be associated with the processes of tectonic changes near the Antarctic — Scotia paleo-plate boundary, as well as teсtonic and magmatic activity in the areas of paleorift structures detection. New geophysical results for different PMA — segments from the Palmer Land to Powell Basin were used to summarize current ideas about the sources and origins of this positive magnetic anomaly.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124460849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.32
O. V. Charkin, A. Zalizovski, Y. Yampolski
Objective. Developing a technique for investigation of a dynamic of the equatorial boundary of the night side of the Northern auroral oval using data of registrations of scattered HF signals on superlong radio paths. Methods. Spectral, time, and time-frequency analysis of HF signals from time service stations, recorded at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station (UAS). Selection of the spatial mode of signals scattered on the plasma inhomogeneities of the high latitude ionosphere of the northern hemisphere. The developed method is based on the measurement of the Doppler frequency shift and time of the group delay of the radio signal. Results. The possibility of studying the dynamics of the equatorial boundary of the night side of the Northern auroral oval using characteristics of scattered HF signals of time service stations registered at UAS is demonstrated. Conclusions. In the registrations of HF signals of the RWM station (55.75°N, 37.64°E) at UAS (65.25°S, 64.27°W) it is possible to select the mode scattered on the inhomogeneities of the high-latitude ionosphere of the northern hemisphere. The method for diagnosing the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval by observations on UAS of scattered radio signals from stations of the time service is proposed. It is convenient to use such stations as sources of the probe signal for diagnostic of the ionosphere so far as they have a number of advantages, including low relative frequency instability of master oscillators; weakly directed antennas and sufficiently powerful transmitters thanks to which their signals can be recorded in different regions of the globe; continuous work on a previously known schedule and, finally, the fact that they simultaneously emit at several frequencies, which expands the possibilities of their diagnostic use. The technique does not require additional transmitting devices and expensive antenna systems. The regular measurements using the suggested method allow carrying out the monitoring of auroral ionosphere, which will give the possibility for improving the existent models of its behavior.
{"title":"On the Possibility of Sounding the Boundaries of the Nothern Auroral Oval by Registrations of High Frequency Signals on Superlong Radio Paths","authors":"O. V. Charkin, A. Zalizovski, Y. Yampolski","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.32","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Developing a technique for investigation of a dynamic of the equatorial boundary of the night side of the Northern auroral oval using data of registrations of scattered HF signals on superlong radio paths. Methods. Spectral, time, and time-frequency analysis of HF signals from time service stations, recorded at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station (UAS). Selection of the spatial mode of signals scattered on the plasma inhomogeneities of the high latitude ionosphere of the northern hemisphere. The developed method is based on the measurement of the Doppler frequency shift and time of the group delay of the radio signal. Results. The possibility of studying the dynamics of the equatorial boundary of the night side of the Northern auroral oval using characteristics of scattered HF signals of time service stations registered at UAS is demonstrated. Conclusions. In the registrations of HF signals of the RWM station (55.75°N, 37.64°E) at UAS (65.25°S, 64.27°W) it is possible to select the mode scattered on the inhomogeneities of the high-latitude ionosphere of the northern hemisphere. The method for diagnosing the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval by observations on UAS of scattered radio signals from stations of the time service is proposed. It is convenient to use such stations as sources of the probe signal for diagnostic of the ionosphere so far as they have a number of advantages, including low relative frequency instability of master oscillators; weakly directed antennas and sufficiently powerful transmitters thanks to which their signals can be recorded in different regions of the globe; continuous work on a previously known schedule and, finally, the fact that they simultaneously emit at several frequencies, which expands the possibilities of their diagnostic use. The technique does not require additional transmitting devices and expensive antenna systems. The regular measurements using the suggested method allow carrying out the monitoring of auroral ionosphere, which will give the possibility for improving the existent models of its behavior.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129695132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.29
O. I. Liashchyk, Y. Karyagin
During the year in the region of the location of the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station large numbers of local and regional seismic signals are registered. The main objective of the study is to determine the sources of generation of seismic signals and the dynamics of seismicity in the Antarctic station area. Polarization methods used to determine the direction of the signal source are obtained using the three-component digital seismic station Guralp. The algorithm of automatic detection of seismic signals and the determination of their parameters is proposed in this work. The result of the works is the azimuthal time distribution of registered signals and the establishment of sources of their generation. It is concluded that the main sources of seismic signals around the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station are the cracking of the nearest glaciers of the archipelago, avalanches, the processes of iceberg formation processes at the nearest to the station glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula. The largest number of signals was obtained from the processes of iceberg formation, which may be related to climate change and the environment. A further continuation of the work should be an analysis of changes in the seismicity of the region over the past decades with the involvement of seismic data from neighboring Antarctic stations, determining the connection of seismicity with climate change. The greatest interest in observing the variations in the rate of destruction of glaciers in the polar regions can be to assess the impact of short and medium-term climate change on the environment. Seismic observations are a relatively cheap, year-round and all-weather instrument for solving the problem of observing glaciers, and phenomena associated with them.
{"title":"Features of Seismicity in the Argentine Islands Archipelago Region Due to the Processes of Icebergs Formation","authors":"O. I. Liashchyk, Y. Karyagin","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.29","url":null,"abstract":"During the year in the region of the location of the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station large numbers of local and regional seismic signals are registered. \u0000The main objective of the study is to determine the sources of generation of seismic signals and the dynamics of seismicity in the Antarctic station area. Polarization methods used to determine the direction of the signal source are obtained using the three-component digital seismic station Guralp. The algorithm of automatic detection of seismic signals and the determination of their parameters is proposed in this work. \u0000The result of the works is the azimuthal time distribution of registered signals and the establishment of sources of their generation. It is concluded that the main sources of seismic signals around the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station are the cracking of the nearest glaciers of the archipelago, avalanches, the processes of iceberg formation processes at the nearest to the station glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula. The largest number of signals was obtained from the processes of iceberg formation, which may be related to climate change and the environment. A further continuation of the work should be an analysis of changes in the seismicity of the region over the past decades with the involvement of seismic data from neighboring Antarctic stations, determining the connection of seismicity with climate change. The greatest interest in observing the variations in the rate of destruction of glaciers in the polar regions can be to assess the impact of short and medium-term climate change on the environment. Seismic observations are a relatively cheap, year-round and all-weather instrument for solving the problem of observing glaciers, and phenomena associated with them.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124967033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.39
І. V. Dykyy, G. Milinevsky, О. L. Savitsky, D. Lutsenko, P. Khoetsky, M. Veselský, V. Smagol, Ye. O. Dykyy, A. О. Dzhulay, J. Tsaryk, К. М. Nazaruk, А. Т. Zatushevsky, А. Simon, M. А. Telipska, Kyiv Ukraine Volodymyrska Str.
{"title":"Features of Chronology and Breeding Success of Pygoscelis papua and P. аdeliae (Spheniscidae) Penguins in the Wilhelm Archipelago (CCAMLR Subarea 48.1)","authors":"І. V. Dykyy, G. Milinevsky, О. L. Savitsky, D. Lutsenko, P. Khoetsky, M. Veselský, V. Smagol, Ye. O. Dykyy, A. О. Dzhulay, J. Tsaryk, К. М. Nazaruk, А. Т. Zatushevsky, А. Simon, M. А. Telipska, Kyiv Ukraine Volodymyrska Str.","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"289 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134435885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.33
A. Grytsai, G. Milinevsky, O. I. Ivaniga
Objective. Provide an analysis of the total ozone variations over Vernadsky Antarctic station (Faraday Base until 1996) from long-term ground-based and satellite series. Study the discrepancies between the data of different instruments. Methods. Data visualization followed by analysis, statistical treatment of the Vernadsky Dobson spectrophotometer observations and satellite total ozone series. Results. Satellite and ground-based measurements of total ozone over Vernadsky station have confirmed the stabilization in the ozone layer in the stratosphere over Antarctica from the early 2000s. British Faraday Base observations have retrieved an ozone spring maximum during the 1950s–1970s with a sharp decrease in the August–October values in the 1980s–1990s. That changed substantially total ozone seasonal cycle. Satellite overpasses and model data based on satellite measurements have been analyzed. It is shown that typical discrepancies between the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) model and the Vernadsky Dobson daily means are mainly in the range of 20 DU. Larger deviations are rare and are observed predominantly on the beginning and at the end of the observational season. Seasonal means and standard deviations for the model–Dobson differences were calculated that demonstrates worse correspondence of the OMI model with Vernadsky Dobson data during separate years, in particular 2009–2010. Conclusions. Both Dobson and satellite ozone data over Faraday/Vernadsky station have shown the total ozone decrease during the 1980s–1990s (mainly in spring) with a following stabilization since year 2000. Comparison between the ground-based data and models calculated from satellite measurements indicates better correspondence of the Dobson and GOME2 results relatively the OMI ones. There are evidences that individual Dobson measurements underestimate to some degree total ozone on the beginning of observational season at high solar zenith angles and the low total ozone values.
{"title":"Total Ozone over Vernadsky Antarctic Station: Ground-based and Satellite Measurements","authors":"A. Grytsai, G. Milinevsky, O. I. Ivaniga","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.33","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Provide an analysis of the total ozone variations over Vernadsky Antarctic station (Faraday Base until 1996) from long-term ground-based and satellite series. Study the discrepancies between the data of different instruments. Methods. Data visualization followed by analysis, statistical treatment of the Vernadsky Dobson spectrophotometer observations and satellite total ozone series. Results. Satellite and ground-based measurements of total ozone over Vernadsky station have confirmed the stabilization in the ozone layer in the stratosphere over Antarctica from the early 2000s. British Faraday Base observations have retrieved an ozone spring maximum during the 1950s–1970s with a sharp decrease in the August–October values in the 1980s–1990s. That changed substantially total ozone seasonal cycle. Satellite overpasses and model data based on satellite measurements have been analyzed. It is shown that typical discrepancies between the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) model and the Vernadsky Dobson daily means are mainly in the range of 20 DU. Larger deviations are rare and are observed predominantly on the beginning and at the end of the observational season. Seasonal means and standard deviations for the model–Dobson differences were calculated that demonstrates worse correspondence of the OMI model with Vernadsky Dobson data during separate years, in particular 2009–2010. Conclusions. Both Dobson and satellite ozone data over Faraday/Vernadsky station have shown the total ozone decrease during the 1980s–1990s (mainly in spring) with a following stabilization since year 2000. Comparison between the ground-based data and models calculated from satellite measurements indicates better correspondence of the Dobson and GOME2 results relatively the OMI ones. There are evidences that individual Dobson measurements underestimate to some degree total ozone on the beginning of observational season at high solar zenith angles and the low total ozone values.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131702613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.36
V. Smagol, A. Dzhulai
Objective. The analysis of changing the Weddell seal diurnal activity during first two weeks post partum. Methods. The «budget of time» method was used with measuring of time of different behavioral patterns (feeding, learning and motion activity, sleep). It was started since second day and measured every 5 days. Results. The correlation of time for different behavioral activity for 2, 7 and 12 days of puppi’es life changing because of feeding time decrising (since 30 % till 24 % and till 14 %) and in parallel – learning and motion activities in rising (since 42 % till 41 % and till 40 %). The time for sleeping changed insignificantly. At first days after birth certain behavioral patterns were characterized by short-term, frequent change of sequence and randomness. Later the phases of behavioral patterns became longer, more continuous and consecutive. So, beginning and the end of sleeping is correlated with the most longer feeding interval. Starting with 17 day age, the imbalance of behavioral patterns of the pup has been observed. This imbalance was caused by a long-term being in the sea and fragmentariness contact with the female. The duration of feeding behaviour, which caused by lactation, is declining to 5 %, and learning and motion activity (include being under water) incrising to 82 % (duration of sleeping embraces 13 % of total time budget) . So probably is correlation between mastering of water space and getting of meal. It compensates declining of volume of milk consumption. Conclusions. The study of the budget of time of the Weddell seal puppy has reliable results only until that period of time when the puppy started to go into the water (11—15 day age). Visualization of observing is limited by concrete location (the place of pappi’es birth). It doesn’t eliminate probability of display any behavioral patterns under water and any other place on surface of ice.
{"title":"Changes in Weddell Seal Leptonychotes weddellii (Phocidae) Behaviour at the First Stage of Ontogenesis","authors":"V. Smagol, A. Dzhulai","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.36","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The analysis of changing the Weddell seal diurnal activity during first two weeks post partum. \u0000Methods. The «budget of time» method was used with measuring of time of different behavioral patterns (feeding, learning and motion activity, sleep). It was started since second day and measured every 5 days. \u0000Results. The correlation of time for different behavioral activity for 2, 7 and 12 days of puppi’es life changing because of feeding time decrising (since 30 % till 24 % and till 14 %) and in parallel – learning and motion activities in rising (since 42 % till 41 % and till 40 %). The time for sleeping changed insignificantly. At first days after birth certain behavioral patterns were characterized by short-term, frequent change of sequence and randomness. Later the phases of behavioral patterns became longer, more continuous and consecutive. So, beginning and the end of sleeping is correlated with the most longer feeding interval. Starting with 17 day age, the imbalance of behavioral patterns of the pup has been observed. This imbalance was caused by a long-term being in the sea and fragmentariness contact with the female. The duration of feeding behaviour, which caused by lactation, is declining to 5 %, and learning and motion activity (include being under water) incrising to 82 % (duration of sleeping embraces 13 % of total time budget) . So probably is correlation between mastering of water space and getting of meal. It compensates declining of volume of milk consumption. \u0000Conclusions. The study of the budget of time of the Weddell seal puppy has reliable results only until that period of time when the puppy started to go into the water (11—15 day age). Visualization of observing is limited by concrete location (the place of pappi’es birth). It doesn’t eliminate probability of display any behavioral patterns under water and any other place on surface of ice.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"86 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126285859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.34
I. Parnikoza, A. Berezkina, Y. Moiseyenko, V. Malanchuk, V. Kunakh
The aim of this research was generalization of base information about study area – Argentine Islands and detail characteristic of terrestrial biotopes by description and mapping of landscape elements, surface waters, and general vegetation for the chosen monitoring area of Galindez Island realized during the seasons of 2014, 2016, 2017. We also characterized animal and anthropogenic effects on the distribution of the different vegetation types. In this research a number of methods of field investigation and mapping with ArcGIS is used. Results. It was shown that most types of the available vegetation are predominantly distributed on those landscape elements, which rise above the permanent snow level, as well as get free from the snow the earliest during the summer, or they are not covered with snow in the winter. Various vegetation types can be formed here from the most sensitive to the duration of the vegetative period, e.g. communities with vascular plants, to the most tolerant to prolonged staying under snow, e.g. crustose lichens. This effect depends on the height and the sunlight availability, the duration of snow-free period on it, as well as humidity, the distance from the sea and the flow of organic matter from the sea birds. At present, in the area of the Argentine Islands in general, and on the Galindez Island in particular, the expansion of Pygoscelis papua (Spheniscidae) is observed, which has already led to the degradation of typical vegetation types in the area where these colonies had originated. The limited input of organic matter from the seabirds contributes to the development of moderately nitrophilic groups, whereas the use of these plants and lichens as the nest material leads to the distribution of vegetation in the region. The largest anthropogenic transformation occurred in the area when the station complex was built. At present, the populations of Deschampsia antarctica (Poaceae) are being formed in the area, shielded by the construction elements, which also contribute to the recolonization of certain species of scalloped lichens, but only on oldest constructions of Вritish period 1954—1996. Conclusions. It’s necessary: to continuation of monitoring of the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on vegetation of the region; Limitation of the scientific collection of rare species, in particular Colobanthus quitensis (Caryophyllaceae); Creation of new nature protected areas with a regime of strict protection (Ia IUCN) based on the allocation of sites with the highest biodiversity valuable for monitoring in non-intervention; Additional explanatory activity on the value and vulnerability of the terrestrial ecosystems in the region.
{"title":"Complex Survey of the Argentine Islands and Galindez Island (Maritime Antarctic) as a Research Area for Studying the Dynamics of Terrestrial Vegetation","authors":"I. Parnikoza, A. Berezkina, Y. Moiseyenko, V. Malanchuk, V. Kunakh","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.34","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was generalization of base information about study area – Argentine Islands and detail characteristic of terrestrial biotopes by description and mapping of landscape elements, surface waters, and general vegetation for the chosen monitoring area of Galindez Island realized during the seasons of 2014, 2016, 2017. We also characterized animal and anthropogenic effects on the distribution of the different vegetation types. In this research a number of methods of field investigation and mapping with ArcGIS is used. \u0000Results. It was shown that most types of the available vegetation are predominantly distributed on those landscape elements, which rise above the permanent snow level, as well as get free from the snow the earliest during the summer, or they are not covered with snow in the winter. Various vegetation types can be formed here from the most sensitive to the duration of the vegetative period, e.g. communities with vascular plants, to the most tolerant to prolonged staying under snow, e.g. crustose lichens. This effect depends on the height and the sunlight availability, the duration of snow-free period on it, as well as humidity, the distance from the sea and the flow of organic matter from the sea birds. At present, in the area of the Argentine Islands in general, and on the Galindez Island in particular, the expansion of Pygoscelis papua (Spheniscidae) is observed, which has already led to the degradation of typical vegetation types in the area where these colonies had originated. The limited input of organic matter from the seabirds contributes to the development of moderately nitrophilic groups, whereas the use of these plants and lichens as the nest material leads to the distribution of vegetation in the region. The largest anthropogenic transformation occurred in the area when the station complex was built. At present, the populations of Deschampsia antarctica (Poaceae) are being formed in the area, shielded by the construction elements, which also contribute to the recolonization of certain species of scalloped lichens, but only on oldest constructions of Вritish period 1954—1996. \u0000Conclusions. It’s necessary: to continuation of monitoring of the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on vegetation of the region; Limitation of the scientific collection of rare species, in particular Colobanthus quitensis (Caryophyllaceae); Creation of new nature protected areas with a regime of strict protection (Ia IUCN) based on the allocation of sites with the highest biodiversity valuable for monitoring in non-intervention; Additional explanatory activity on the value and vulnerability of the terrestrial ecosystems in the region.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131791913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.27
V. Maksymchuk, I. Chobotok, T. Klymkovych, R. Kuderavets, E. Nakalov, Y. Otruba
Aim – investigations of effectiveness and information value of tectonomagnetic and magnetic-variations monitoring complex to study the recent geodynamics of Antarctic Peninsula in the location of Akademik Vernadsky station. Methodology. The methodology provides long-term magnetic variations observations on the Akademik Vernadsky station. On the base of observations electromagnetic induction vector components (Wise vector) are processing in the range 2.5—60 min. Series of this parameters temporal variations are developing. Tectonomagnetic observations are performed on the stationary network of observational points on the Antarctic geodynamic polygon and then, tectonomagnetic anomalies (increasing of a local magnetic field among observational epochs-total magnetic field vector module) is defined. The nature of tectonomagnetic anomalies usually is connected with variations of tectonic tensions. Compounding of magnetic variations and tectonomagnetic observations allows to upgrade certainty of tectonophysic interpretation of geophysical and geological data for investigations of Antarctic Peninsula recent geodynamics. Results. The results of tectonomagnetic and magnetic variations observations on the Akademik Vernadsky station in the location of Antarctic tectonomagnetic polygon during 1998—2017 yrs. were analyzed and generalized. Temporal variations of Wise electromagnetic induction vectors and local geomagnetic field variations were investigated. Anomalous effects in tectonomagnetic variations and Wise vectors temporal variations, caused by seismotectonic processes in the region’s lithosphere were defined. Comparative analyses of tectonomagnetic and magnetic variations data was done. Also was justified possibility their complex for monitoring of recent seismotectonic processes in the location of Akademik Vernadsky station. Conclusions. Complex analyses of long-term tectonomagnetic field and magnetic variations parameters on the Akademik Vernadsky station was done. Correlation between tectonomagnetic effects on the Antarctic geodynamic polygon and anomalous effects in Wise vectors temporal series was defined. Such complex of tectonomagnetic and magnetic variations monitoring is organic and allows to obtain reliable information about Antarctic Peninsula geodynamics in connection with seismic and other geophysical methods.
{"title":"Complex Magnetovariational and Tectonomagnetic Monitoring of Recent Geodynamics in the Western Slope of the Antarctic Peninsula","authors":"V. Maksymchuk, I. Chobotok, T. Klymkovych, R. Kuderavets, E. Nakalov, Y. Otruba","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.27","url":null,"abstract":"Aim – investigations of effectiveness and information value of tectonomagnetic and magnetic-variations monitoring complex to study the recent geodynamics of Antarctic Peninsula in the location of Akademik Vernadsky station. \u0000Methodology. The methodology provides long-term magnetic variations observations on the Akademik Vernadsky station. On the base of observations electromagnetic induction vector components (Wise vector) are processing in the range 2.5—60 min. Series of this parameters temporal variations are developing. Tectonomagnetic observations are performed on the stationary network of observational points on the Antarctic geodynamic polygon and then, tectonomagnetic anomalies (increasing of a local magnetic field among observational epochs-total magnetic field vector module) is defined. The nature of tectonomagnetic anomalies usually is connected with variations of tectonic tensions. Compounding of magnetic variations and tectonomagnetic observations allows to upgrade certainty of tectonophysic interpretation of geophysical and geological data for investigations of Antarctic Peninsula recent geodynamics. \u0000Results. The results of tectonomagnetic and magnetic variations observations on the Akademik Vernadsky station in the location of Antarctic tectonomagnetic polygon during 1998—2017 yrs. were analyzed and generalized. Temporal variations of Wise electromagnetic induction vectors and local geomagnetic field variations were investigated. Anomalous effects in tectonomagnetic variations and Wise vectors temporal variations, caused by seismotectonic processes in the region’s lithosphere were defined. Comparative analyses of tectonomagnetic and magnetic variations data was done. Also was justified possibility their complex for monitoring of recent seismotectonic processes in the location of Akademik Vernadsky station. \u0000Conclusions. Complex analyses of long-term tectonomagnetic field and magnetic variations parameters on the Akademik Vernadsky station was done. Correlation between tectonomagnetic effects on the Antarctic geodynamic polygon and anomalous effects in Wise vectors temporal series was defined. Such complex of tectonomagnetic and magnetic variations monitoring is organic and allows to obtain reliable information about Antarctic Peninsula geodynamics in connection with seismic and other geophysical methods.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130790864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.30
A. Chernov, K. Lamsters, J. Karušs, M. Krievāns, Y. Otruba
This paper represents results of GPR surveying of the ice caps on Galindez (–64.24716W; –65.24992S), Winter (–64.25954W; –65.24944S) and Skua (–64.26530W; –65.25309S) islands (Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica) for the period April 2017 — January 2019. The main objectives were identification of the ice layering, monitoring of interglacial heterogeneities (crevasses, interglacial channels and voids) and measurements of the ice thickness. Methods: Surveying on the glaciers has been done with ground coupled shielded bowtie antenna VIY3-300 (300 MHz) GPR and with air coupled dipole Zond 12-e (75 MHz) antenna system. Monitoring investigation of glacier’s interior has been done with VIY3-300. Zond 12-e was applied mostly for indication of the ice-rock border. Monitoring investigation has been done on one (1) ice cap on Galindez Island, on two (2) ice caps on Winter Island and on two (2) ice caps on Skua Island. Monitoring with VIY3-300 GPR of the ice cap on Galindez Island has been done once per month since April 2017. Four surveys were done on Winter Island: May 2017, January, May and October 2018. Four periods were surveyed on Skua Island: May and September 2017, January—February and October 2018. Monitoring with VIY3-300 has been done on the same position (according to the GPS data) each time. For precise investigation during February—March 2018, islands were covered with a grid of profiles with 25 meters spacing between them. Results: Three (3) to eight (8) strong internal linear reflections are detected in the ice caps, heterogeneities are visible closer to edges of the glaciers, seasonal anomalies in glacier`s interior are observed and a maximum ice thickness of 35 meters on Galindez Island is obtained. Seasonal anomalies were traced better in November—January 2017—2018 than during November—January 2018—2019. Reflection from the ice-rock border is better visible on the data from Zond 12-e, but layering and interior structure are better identified with VIY3-300. This spatial resolution difference evidently happened because central frequency of antenna was 4 times higher in VIY3-300 than in Zond 12-e. Further monitoring of the ice caps on Galindez, Winter and Skua islands is recommended to trace their evolution. It is crucial to continue these scientific observations in the future because changes of small ice caps in West Antarctica are indicators of global warming.
{"title":"A Brief Review of Ground Penetrating Radar Investigation Results of Ice Caps on Galindez, Winter and Skua Islands (Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica) for the Period April 2017 – January 2019","authors":"A. Chernov, K. Lamsters, J. Karušs, M. Krievāns, Y. Otruba","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1(17).2018.30","url":null,"abstract":"This paper represents results of GPR surveying of the ice caps on Galindez (–64.24716W; –65.24992S), Winter (–64.25954W; –65.24944S) and Skua (–64.26530W; –65.25309S) islands (Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica) for the period April 2017 — January 2019. \u0000The main objectives were identification of the ice layering, monitoring of interglacial heterogeneities (crevasses, interglacial channels and voids) and measurements of the ice thickness. \u0000Methods: Surveying on the glaciers has been done with ground coupled shielded bowtie antenna VIY3-300 (300 MHz) GPR and with air coupled dipole Zond 12-e (75 MHz) antenna system. Monitoring investigation of glacier’s interior has been done with VIY3-300. Zond 12-e was applied mostly for indication of the ice-rock border. Monitoring investigation has been done on one (1) ice cap on Galindez Island, on two (2) ice caps on Winter Island and on two (2) ice caps on Skua Island. Monitoring with VIY3-300 GPR of the ice cap on Galindez Island has been done once per month since April 2017. Four surveys were done on Winter Island: May 2017, January, May and October 2018. Four periods were surveyed on Skua Island: May and September 2017, January—February and October 2018. Monitoring with VIY3-300 has been done on the same position (according to the GPS data) each time. For precise investigation during February—March 2018, islands were covered with a grid of profiles with 25 meters spacing between them. \u0000Results: Three (3) to eight (8) strong internal linear reflections are detected in the ice caps, heterogeneities are visible closer to edges of the glaciers, seasonal anomalies in glacier`s interior are observed and a maximum ice thickness of 35 meters on Galindez Island is obtained. Seasonal anomalies were traced better in November—January 2017—2018 than during November—January 2018—2019. Reflection from the ice-rock border is better visible on the data from Zond 12-e, but layering and interior structure are better identified with VIY3-300. This spatial resolution difference evidently happened because central frequency of antenna was 4 times higher in VIY3-300 than in Zond 12-e. Further monitoring of the ice caps on Galindez, Winter and Skua islands is recommended to trace their evolution. It is crucial to continue these scientific observations in the future because changes of small ice caps in West Antarctica are indicators of global warming.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"2001 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128288480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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