Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.687
А. Grytsai, G. Milinevsky, Yulia Andrienko, A. Klekociuk, Y. Rapoport, O. Ivaniha
We examine the zonal wavenumber spectrum of planetary (Rossby) waves in the atmosphere above Antarctica in each of two contrasting years: in 2019, when there was a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), and in 2020 when the Antarctic stratospheric vortex was unusually strong and long-lived. The ozone hole (OH) is developed over Antarctica in spring, and its state depends on disturbances of the stratospheric polar vortex by planetary waves (PW). Our analysis uses data on the distribution of the total ozone column from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite and ground-based measurements from the Dobson spectrophotometer at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station in Antarctica. The 2019 SSW strongly displaced the Antarctic vortex off-pole and aided the breakdown of the ozone hole. The SSW occurred during the peak activity of quasi-stationary planetary wave-1, which was enhanced at the time of the warming by the large amplitude of traveling wave-2. In the spring of 2020, the stratospheric polar vortex was relatively undisturbed, allowing the OH area to attain a size close to its historical maximum. A factor in 2020 that aided the stability of the vortex was the relatively small amplitude of wave-1. The stability was maintained despite regular periods when the amplitude of traveling wave-2 attained or even exceeded values around the time of the SSW in 2019. We find that a factor contributing to the differences between the wave effects in the two years is the dynamics of the quasi-stationary wave-1. Anticorrelation of the wave-1 and wave-2 amplitudes near the edge of the vortex was clearly observed in 2020, which can be caused by the transfer of planetary wave energy between different spectral wave components, unlike the situation in 2019.
{"title":"Antarctic planetary wave spectrum under different polar vortex conditions in 2019 and 2020 based on total ozone column data","authors":"А. Grytsai, G. Milinevsky, Yulia Andrienko, A. Klekociuk, Y. Rapoport, O. Ivaniha","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.687","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the zonal wavenumber spectrum of planetary (Rossby) waves in the atmosphere above Antarctica in each of two contrasting years: in 2019, when there was a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), and in 2020 when the Antarctic stratospheric vortex was unusually strong and long-lived. The ozone hole (OH) is developed over Antarctica in spring, and its state depends on disturbances of the stratospheric polar vortex by planetary waves (PW). Our analysis uses data on the distribution of the total ozone column from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite and ground-based measurements from the Dobson spectrophotometer at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station in Antarctica. The 2019 SSW strongly displaced the Antarctic vortex off-pole and aided the breakdown of the ozone hole. The SSW occurred during the peak activity of quasi-stationary planetary wave-1, which was enhanced at the time of the warming by the large amplitude of traveling wave-2. In the spring of 2020, the stratospheric polar vortex was relatively undisturbed, allowing the OH area to attain a size close to its historical maximum. A factor in 2020 that aided the stability of the vortex was the relatively small amplitude of wave-1. The stability was maintained despite regular periods when the amplitude of traveling wave-2 attained or even exceeded values around the time of the SSW in 2019. We find that a factor contributing to the differences between the wave effects in the two years is the dynamics of the quasi-stationary wave-1. Anticorrelation of the wave-1 and wave-2 amplitudes near the edge of the vortex was clearly observed in 2020, which can be caused by the transfer of planetary wave energy between different spectral wave components, unlike the situation in 2019.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132595041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.679
P. Kovalenko, V. Trokhymets, I. Parnikoza, Yu. V. Protsenko, O. Salganskiy, A. Dzhulai, I. І. Dykyy, M. Nabokin, І. Kozeretska, V. Gorobchyshyn
Given the recent climate changes and their impact on the Antarctic Peninsula ecosystems, the emergence of invasive species, and increased tourism activity in this region, monitoring changes in the habitats of species native to the Antarctic Peninsula region is necessary. One such species is the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae). This insect is endemic to the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands. Thorough studies of changes in the range of this species have not been performed in recent decades. In this study, we present the area of Belgica antarctica according to the collections of biological samples during 2007–2021 (XII, XIV, XVI, XXIV, and XXV Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions). This Antarctic midge was recorded at 26 localities on the Antarctic Peninsula and 212 localities on 55 surrounding islands between 66°08′38.4′′ S, 65°43′37.1′′ W (Cape Evensen, Stresher Peninsula, opposite the Marie Island, west coast of Graham Land) and 62°11′44.7′′ S, 58°57′40.6′′ W (King George Island, South Shetland Islands) from south-west to north-east.
{"title":"Current status of Belgica antarctica Jacobs, 1900 (Diptera: Chironomidae) distribution by the data of Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions","authors":"P. Kovalenko, V. Trokhymets, I. Parnikoza, Yu. V. Protsenko, O. Salganskiy, A. Dzhulai, I. І. Dykyy, M. Nabokin, І. Kozeretska, V. Gorobchyshyn","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.679","url":null,"abstract":"Given the recent climate changes and their impact on the Antarctic Peninsula ecosystems, the emergence of invasive species, and increased tourism activity in this region, monitoring changes in the habitats of species native to the Antarctic Peninsula region is necessary. One such species is the Antarctic midge Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae). This insect is endemic to the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands. Thorough studies of changes in the range of this species have not been performed in recent decades. In this study, we present the area of Belgica antarctica according to the collections of biological samples during 2007–2021 (XII, XIV, XVI, XXIV, and XXV Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions). This Antarctic midge was recorded at 26 localities on the Antarctic Peninsula and 212 localities on 55 surrounding islands between 66°08′38.4′′ S, 65°43′37.1′′ W (Cape Evensen, Stresher Peninsula, opposite the Marie Island, west coast of Graham Land) and 62°11′44.7′′ S, 58°57′40.6′′ W (King George Island, South Shetland Islands) from south-west to north-east.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129666021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.681
E. Gribanova, V. Miamin
The diversity of psychrophilic / psychrotolerant microorganisms from Antarctica is a preferred subject of study by microbiologists, in turn, the communities of endolithic and hypolithic yeast cultures are practically not studied, and the literature on the biotechnological potential of such microorganisms should cover important biomolecules in addition to cold-adapted enzymes. In order to study the characteristics and biopotential of yeast cultures isolated from soil samples of East Antarctica, a number of physiological and biochemical tests were carried out. This article provides a list of the studied morphological characteristics, and also describes the results of the study of enzymatic activities and biochemical properties. In the course of research, it was revealed that Antarctic yeast isolates have a wide range of enzymatic activities when growing on agar media: most isolates were characterized by the presence of lipolytic, amylolytic, DNase, urease activities and the production of esters; a much smaller number of isolates were capable of manifesting proteolytic, cellulolytic and pectolytic activities, the release of organic acids and the formation of starch-like compounds. The study of tolerance to stress showed the presence of resistance of the studied cultures to the effects of ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 254 nm and low concentrations of copper sulfate in the environment. A qualitative assessment of the level of glycogen in yeast cells by staining with Lugol's solution showed that one culture is capable of accumulating glycogen in significant amounts. Additionally, the ability of yeast cells to accumulate lipids with increasing age of cultures was shown. The destruction of the surface of the mineral motor oil by the culture broth made it possible to identify yeast isolates with high destructive activity. This experience allows us to consider Antarctic yeast cultures as promising producers of biologically active compounds. The variety and spectrum of physiological activities of the investigated isolates allows us to consider them as promising producers of biological compounds for use in medicine and biotechnology.
{"title":"Physiological and biochemical traits of yeasts from soils of various ecosystems of East Antarctica","authors":"E. Gribanova, V. Miamin","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.681","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of psychrophilic / psychrotolerant microorganisms from Antarctica is a preferred subject of study by microbiologists, in turn, the communities of endolithic and hypolithic yeast cultures are practically not studied, and the literature on the biotechnological potential of such microorganisms should cover important biomolecules in addition to cold-adapted enzymes. In order to study the characteristics and biopotential of yeast cultures isolated from soil samples of East Antarctica, a number of physiological and biochemical tests were carried out. This article provides a list of the studied morphological characteristics, and also describes the results of the study of enzymatic activities and biochemical properties. In the course of research, it was revealed that Antarctic yeast isolates have a wide range of enzymatic activities when growing on agar media: most isolates were characterized by the presence of lipolytic, amylolytic, DNase, urease activities and the production of esters; a much smaller number of isolates were capable of manifesting proteolytic, cellulolytic and pectolytic activities, the release of organic acids and the formation of starch-like compounds. The study of tolerance to stress showed the presence of resistance of the studied cultures to the effects of ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 254 nm and low concentrations of copper sulfate in the environment. A qualitative assessment of the level of glycogen in yeast cells by staining with Lugol's solution showed that one culture is capable of accumulating glycogen in significant amounts. Additionally, the ability of yeast cells to accumulate lipids with increasing age of cultures was shown. The destruction of the surface of the mineral motor oil by the culture broth made it possible to identify yeast isolates with high destructive activity. This experience allows us to consider Antarctic yeast cultures as promising producers of biologically active compounds. The variety and spectrum of physiological activities of the investigated isolates allows us to consider them as promising producers of biological compounds for use in medicine and biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130629490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.670
V. Trokhymets, V. Gorobchyshyn, I. Kozeretska
The maritime Antarctic is one of the most interesting regions on planet where climate change can be observed to impact all components of its poor flora. Boeckella poppei is common in the maritime and continental Antarctic species of the copepod. The aim of the study was to check the local trends in the copepod's population density over summer. The samples were collected 23.12.05, 03.01.06 and 10.01.06 at the King George Island from the lake near the Polish Antarctic Station. The population density varied with strongly fluctuating ratios of different juvenile and generative developmental stages. We also analyzed the regularities reported by other authors. The sex structure of the population did not change during the study period with females much more numerous than males. The article discusses possible causes of this phenomenon.
{"title":"Population features of Boeckella poppei in Lake Wujka, King George Island","authors":"V. Trokhymets, V. Gorobchyshyn, I. Kozeretska","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.670","url":null,"abstract":"The maritime Antarctic is one of the most interesting regions on planet where climate change can be observed to impact all components of its poor flora. Boeckella poppei is common in the maritime and continental Antarctic species of the copepod. The aim of the study was to check the local trends in the copepod's population density over summer. The samples were collected 23.12.05, 03.01.06 and 10.01.06 at the King George Island from the lake near the Polish Antarctic Station. The population density varied with strongly fluctuating ratios of different juvenile and generative developmental stages. We also analyzed the regularities reported by other authors. The sex structure of the population did not change during the study period with females much more numerous than males. The article discusses possible causes of this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132520735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2(19).2019.152
M. Curmei, Т. І. Makarenko, V. Меlnyk, G. V. Кlishevich
. The work contains the analysis of possible distributions of aerosol impurities through the glacier depth in those regions of Antarctica, where synoptic maps have shown stabilization of cyclones; and based on this analysis a methodology has been proposed for the determination of climatic parameter changes (average temperature and atmospheric precipitation amount) over a long time period. The main sources of the impurities in the glaciers of Antarctica are marine and continental aerosols, carried by meridional circulation of air masses. The annual concentration of chemical impurities, carried from both ocean and continent, and fallen on the glacier with rain or snow, is approximately the same over a long time period, if the glacier is located in a region of stable cyclonic activity. In this case, for the analysis, ice cores are taken continuously through the glacier depth. Linear sizes of all samples are similar. The quantity of annual layers in the sample is determined based on the age of the lower and upper levels in the glacier, from where the sample is taken. The thickness of the annual ice layer in the glacier is determined by the amount of fallen atmospheric precipitation and ablation processes. Consequently, all samples correspond to the periods of both equal and different durability. The quantity of annual layers in the sample ( n ) characterizes the amount of atmospheric precipitation of the corresponding period. Changes in the impurity concentrations from sample to sample are connected with the relative change in temperature of the corresponding periods. Then the two parameters, the number of annual layers, n , and the layer impurity content, C , have been determined experimentally in each sample. Based on these two parameters, a new technique has been proposed that allows determination of approximate temperature and precipitation changes over the time period, equal to the age of the studied glacier.
{"title":"Methodology for determining climate change by analysis of impurity concentrations in the glacier","authors":"M. Curmei, Т. І. Makarenko, V. Меlnyk, G. V. Кlishevich","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2(19).2019.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2(19).2019.152","url":null,"abstract":". The work contains the analysis of possible distributions of aerosol impurities through the glacier depth in those regions of Antarctica, where synoptic maps have shown stabilization of cyclones; and based on this analysis a methodology has been proposed for the determination of climatic parameter changes (average temperature and atmospheric precipitation amount) over a long time period. The main sources of the impurities in the glaciers of Antarctica are marine and continental aerosols, carried by meridional circulation of air masses. The annual concentration of chemical impurities, carried from both ocean and continent, and fallen on the glacier with rain or snow, is approximately the same over a long time period, if the glacier is located in a region of stable cyclonic activity. In this case, for the analysis, ice cores are taken continuously through the glacier depth. Linear sizes of all samples are similar. The quantity of annual layers in the sample is determined based on the age of the lower and upper levels in the glacier, from where the sample is taken. The thickness of the annual ice layer in the glacier is determined by the amount of fallen atmospheric precipitation and ablation processes. Consequently, all samples correspond to the periods of both equal and different durability. The quantity of annual layers in the sample ( n ) characterizes the amount of atmospheric precipitation of the corresponding period. Changes in the impurity concentrations from sample to sample are connected with the relative change in temperature of the corresponding periods. Then the two parameters, the number of annual layers, n , and the layer impurity content, C , have been determined experimentally in each sample. Based on these two parameters, a new technique has been proposed that allows determination of approximate temperature and precipitation changes over the time period, equal to the age of the studied glacier.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130812465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.683
H. Yevchun, А. Fedchuk, І. Drohushevska, O. Pnyovska, M. Chernyshenko, I. Parnikoza
The Argentine Islands – Kyiv Peninsula region is one of the birthplaces of Antarctic research. It lacks any aboriginal people, and so much of the toponymy was contributed by the first expeditions. As the official Ukrainian toponymy of Antarctica is still being worked out, it is important to foster further development of this branch of geography. Outside of this region, there are only a few geographical features given internationally recognized placenames honouring Ukraine and Ukrainians. Thus, the paper aims to prepare the official Ukrainian spelling for the already established toponyms and to propose new ones, including microtoponyms, for the yet-nameless objects of the Argentine Islands area (West Antarctica), considering the already amassed experience of other countries and the current requirements for writing the geographical names. To achieve this, there were used such methods, singly or in combination: transliteration, transcription, adaptive transcoding, and translation. The underlying research presented the history of the local placenames, whereupon they were collected and their standardized Ukrainian written representations spelled out. Based on the history of the Ukrainian contribution to the Antarctic studies, the region's toponymic traditions, and characteristic features of topography, flora and fauna of the Argentine Islands, it was proposed a list of names for the nameless geographical features and microtoponyms in the central Argentine Islands region. The list is far from exhaustive, but rather the first attempt to develop Ukrainian Antarctic toponymy. The results will allow unifying placenames use, help to present the expeditions' findings, and make information searches for the geographical features easier.
{"title":"The Toponymy of the Argentine Islands area, the Kyiv Peninsula (West Antarctica)","authors":"H. Yevchun, А. Fedchuk, І. Drohushevska, O. Pnyovska, M. Chernyshenko, I. Parnikoza","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.683","url":null,"abstract":"The Argentine Islands – Kyiv Peninsula region is one of the birthplaces of Antarctic research. It lacks any aboriginal people, and so much of the toponymy was contributed by the first expeditions. As the official Ukrainian toponymy of Antarctica is still being worked out, it is important to foster further development of this branch of geography. Outside of this region, there are only a few geographical features given internationally recognized placenames honouring Ukraine and Ukrainians. Thus, the paper aims to prepare the official Ukrainian spelling for the already established toponyms and to propose new ones, including microtoponyms, for the yet-nameless objects of the Argentine Islands area (West Antarctica), considering the already amassed experience of other countries and the current requirements for writing the geographical names. To achieve this, there were used such methods, singly or in combination: transliteration, transcription, adaptive transcoding, and translation. The underlying research presented the history of the local placenames, whereupon they were collected and their standardized Ukrainian written representations spelled out. Based on the history of the Ukrainian contribution to the Antarctic studies, the region's toponymic traditions, and characteristic features of topography, flora and fauna of the Argentine Islands, it was proposed a list of names for the nameless geographical features and microtoponyms in the central Argentine Islands region. The list is far from exhaustive, but rather the first attempt to develop Ukrainian Antarctic toponymy. The results will allow unifying placenames use, help to present the expeditions' findings, and make information searches for the geographical features easier.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122752717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.704
I. Savchyn, K. Tretyak
{"title":"Tectonic plates moment of inertia and angular momentum determination: the case of the Antarctic plate","authors":"I. Savchyn, K. Tretyak","doi":"10.33275/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115135917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.690
J. Wiktor, M. Gluchowska, K. Błachowiak-Samołyk, K. Piwosz, S. Kwaśniewski, K. Jankowska, K. Dmoch, J. Węsławski
The climate affects aquatic ecosystems worldwide, yet the most dramatic impact has been observed in Polar Regions. The presented study aimed to test the hypothesis that changes in biodiversity are linked to changes in the food web functioning under different temperature conditions, with large species dominant in cold waters and smaller species dominant in warmer waters. Two sites with contrasting hydrology were surveyed in summer 2005 in Hornsund (west Spitsbergen). The first site was located close to the fjord entrance and was strongly influenced by the Atlantic waters (WARM). The second was located deep inside the fjord, where the water is fresher and colder due to glacier meltwater runoff (COLD). Temperature, salinity and photosynthetic active radiation were measured, nutrient concentrations and chlorophyll a were analyzed. Plankton biota, including different fractions of zooplankton, phytoplankton and bacteria was collected and enumerated. The temperature differences were the most pronounced out of the abiotic parameters measured. In particular, the COLD site was characterized by lower water temperature and higher turbidity due to the influence of meltwater. Significant differences in the composition and the quantitative ratios of plankton biota were noted, with the most dramatic variation in the number of microplankton taxa and their biomass. The overall plankton biomass at the WARM site (91 mg C ⋅ m–3) was higher than that at the COLD site (71 mg C ⋅ m–3), as well as the primary production rates. Microplanktonic assemblages at the WARM site included twice as many taxa. The protists constituted more than half of the plankton biomass at the WARM site (53.2%), whereas their share at the COLD site was slightly higher (63.6%). The nanoplankton fraction was numerically dominant among the protists, whereas copepods were the main component of the zooplankton biomass. The differences in planktonic communities’ compositions observed between the two sites might have arisen due to the influence of turbid meltwater runoff, which eliminates larger, strictly autotrophic and decreases primary production.
{"title":"Arctic fjord during warming: Planktonic point of view","authors":"J. Wiktor, M. Gluchowska, K. Błachowiak-Samołyk, K. Piwosz, S. Kwaśniewski, K. Jankowska, K. Dmoch, J. Węsławski","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.690","url":null,"abstract":"The climate affects aquatic ecosystems worldwide, yet the most dramatic impact has been observed in Polar Regions. The presented study aimed to test the hypothesis that changes in biodiversity are linked to changes in the food web functioning under different temperature conditions, with large species dominant in cold waters and smaller species dominant in warmer waters. Two sites with contrasting hydrology were surveyed in summer 2005 in Hornsund (west Spitsbergen). The first site was located close to the fjord entrance and was strongly influenced by the Atlantic waters (WARM). The second was located deep inside the fjord, where the water is fresher and colder due to glacier meltwater runoff (COLD). Temperature, salinity and photosynthetic active radiation were measured, nutrient concentrations and chlorophyll a were analyzed. Plankton biota, including different fractions of zooplankton, phytoplankton and bacteria was collected and enumerated. The temperature differences were the most pronounced out of the abiotic parameters measured. In particular, the COLD site was characterized by lower water temperature and higher turbidity due to the influence of meltwater. Significant differences in the composition and the quantitative ratios of plankton biota were noted, with the most dramatic variation in the number of microplankton taxa and their biomass. The overall plankton biomass at the WARM site (91 mg C ⋅ m–3) was higher than that at the COLD site (71 mg C ⋅ m–3), as well as the primary production rates. Microplanktonic assemblages at the WARM site included twice as many taxa. The protists constituted more than half of the plankton biomass at the WARM site (53.2%), whereas their share at the COLD site was slightly higher (63.6%). The nanoplankton fraction was numerically dominant among the protists, whereas copepods were the main component of the zooplankton biomass. The differences in planktonic communities’ compositions observed between the two sites might have arisen due to the influence of turbid meltwater runoff, which eliminates larger, strictly autotrophic and decreases primary production.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116958193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2(19).2019.155
N. Miryuta, K. Wojciechowski, I. Parnikoza
The main objective of the research is developing and describing in detail the calculation algorithm of the United Temperature Influence Index (UTII) and United Macroelements content in Soil Influence Index (UMCSII) on basic plant characteristics in sample populations. Additionaly, we present an example of its application in Deschampsia antarctica E Desv. research at Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, maritime Antarctic under natural condition based on experimental data sets. The final goal of the research was to evaluate the UTII and UMCSII, based on the sample plant populations contribution to the United Quality Latent Index of adaptability (UQLI). Methods. The surface temperature data set was obtained by temperature loggers at each individual plant population during April 2017 — April 2018. To determine the individual D. antarctica cover and measure the morphometric parameters of eleven D. antarctica populations, we evaluated leaf length, inflorescence length, flower length (by lower flower glume), and the number of flowers in inflorescence. Protein densitometry profiles of seeds for eleven D. antarctica populations were analyzed. To obtain the United Temperature Influence Index (UTII) and United Macroelements Content in Soil Influence Index (UMCSII) on basic plant characteristics, the extreme grouping method was applied. This method is described in current work in detail. The estimation of UTII and UMCSII were calculated by pairwise comparisons of spatial pair differences indices sets. Results. The calculation algorithms of the United Temperature Influence Index (UTII) and United Macroelements Сontent in Soil Influence Index (UMCSII), based on the example of eleven populations of D. antarctica, were developed and described in detail for Galindez Island in the 2017/18 season. Determining the total contribution of UTII and UMCSII to the UQLI is an example of comparing the value of temperature and soil macroelements to environmental parameters. Conclusions. UTII was shown to have a significant contribution to the UQLI in December and January, when the largest spatial temperature variations were observed. UMCSII did not have a statistical confidence of contribution to the UQLI, but sum with the UTII increased UTII contribution value to the UQLI. The index UTII is proposed to describe an influence of source temperature data to a large number of plant populations sample different characteristics by reducing the dimension to one number. The index UMCSII is proposed to describe an influence of a large number of source macroelements content in soil data to sample populations covers by reducing the dimension to one number. The UTII and UМCSII sets can be used to compare them with sets of the UQLI of adaptability populations sample of the same species growing under different conditions to construct correlation models for different populations.
{"title":"Calculation of the external factors influence indices on plants and its application to Deschampsia antarctica Ė. Desv. populations","authors":"N. Miryuta, K. Wojciechowski, I. Parnikoza","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2(19).2019.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2(19).2019.155","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the research is developing and describing in detail the calculation algorithm of the United Temperature Influence Index (UTII) and United Macroelements content in Soil Influence Index (UMCSII) on basic plant characteristics in sample populations. Additionaly, we present an example of its application in Deschampsia antarctica E Desv. research at Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, maritime Antarctic under natural condition based on experimental data sets. The final goal of the research was to evaluate the UTII and UMCSII, based on the sample plant populations contribution to the United Quality Latent Index of adaptability (UQLI). Methods. The surface temperature data set was obtained by temperature loggers at each individual plant population during April 2017 — April 2018. To determine the individual D. antarctica cover and measure the morphometric parameters of eleven D. antarctica populations, we evaluated leaf length, inflorescence length, flower length (by lower flower glume), and the number of flowers in inflorescence. Protein densitometry profiles of seeds for eleven D. antarctica populations were analyzed. To obtain the United Temperature Influence Index (UTII) and United Macroelements Content in Soil Influence Index (UMCSII) on basic plant characteristics, the extreme grouping method was applied. This method is described in current work in detail. The estimation of UTII and UMCSII were calculated by pairwise comparisons of spatial pair differences indices sets. Results. The calculation algorithms of the United Temperature Influence Index (UTII) and United Macroelements Сontent in Soil Influence Index (UMCSII), based on the example of eleven populations of D. antarctica, were developed and described in detail for Galindez Island in the 2017/18 season. Determining the total contribution of UTII and UMCSII to the UQLI is an example of comparing the value of temperature and soil macroelements to environmental parameters. Conclusions. UTII was shown to have a significant contribution to the UQLI in December and January, when the largest spatial temperature variations were observed. UMCSII did not have a statistical confidence of contribution to the UQLI, but sum with the UTII increased UTII contribution value to the UQLI. The index UTII is proposed to describe an influence of source temperature data to a large number of plant populations sample different characteristics by reducing the dimension to one number. The index UMCSII is proposed to describe an influence of a large number of source macroelements content in soil data to sample populations covers by reducing the dimension to one number. The UTII and UМCSII sets can be used to compare them with sets of the UQLI of adaptability populations sample of the same species growing under different conditions to construct correlation models for different populations.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122522435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.689
D. Pishniak, S. Razumnyi
Precipitation structures are easy to detect, however, the mesoscale atmospheric processes which they reflect are challenging to understand in Polar Regions and hard to model numerically. Currently, the spatial distribution of precipitation can be tracked at the resolution of minutes and seconds. For this purpose, the researchers at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station employ several near-ground measurement systems and the Micro Rain Radar for remote vertical measurements. Measurements show stochastic precipitation variability caused by turbulence, precipitation bands related to the atmospheric processes of its formation, phase transition (melting) zones, and wind shears. The time scale of bands in the stratiform precipitation typically varied in the range of 5—15 minutes and corresponded to the 2—15 km spatial scale of atmospheric circulations according to the modeled parameters of the atmosphere. The Polar Weather Research and Forecast (Polar WRF) model was used to reveal the general atmospheric conditions. We also tested and evaluated its ability to reproduce small structures. A simple method based on typical model variables is proposed to identify the precipitation melting layer in the simulation data, similar to that determined by radars. The results were satisfyingly consistent with the position of the 0 °C isotherm in the model and with the radar measurements. In addition, the method highlighted supercooled mixed-phase precipitation. Modeling showed good results for large-scale processes like atmospheric fronts and general air mass features in the case study. However, even at the 1 km resolution the simulation reproduced thin mesoscale precipitation features smoothly, which sometimes looks unrealistic. As for other precipitation peculiarities, like band inclination, melting layer position, and mixed-phase zones, the Polar WRF model demonstrates high consistency with observations. The model can describe the atmospheric conditions except for the investigation of precipitation-initiating mechanisms, which still is a challenge for modeling at a small scale.
{"title":"Measured and modeled vertical structure of precipitation during mixed-phase event near the West Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula","authors":"D. Pishniak, S. Razumnyi","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.689","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitation structures are easy to detect, however, the mesoscale atmospheric processes which they reflect are challenging to understand in Polar Regions and hard to model numerically. Currently, the spatial distribution of precipitation can be tracked at the resolution of minutes and seconds. For this purpose, the researchers at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station employ several near-ground measurement systems and the Micro Rain Radar for remote vertical measurements. Measurements show stochastic precipitation variability caused by turbulence, precipitation bands related to the atmospheric processes of its formation, phase transition (melting) zones, and wind shears. The time scale of bands in the stratiform precipitation typically varied in the range of 5—15 minutes and corresponded to the 2—15 km spatial scale of atmospheric circulations according to the modeled parameters of the atmosphere. The Polar Weather Research and Forecast (Polar WRF) model was used to reveal the general atmospheric conditions. We also tested and evaluated its ability to reproduce small structures. A simple method based on typical model variables is proposed to identify the precipitation melting layer in the simulation data, similar to that determined by radars. The results were satisfyingly consistent with the position of the 0 °C isotherm in the model and with the radar measurements. In addition, the method highlighted supercooled mixed-phase precipitation. Modeling showed good results for large-scale processes like atmospheric fronts and general air mass features in the case study. However, even at the 1 km resolution the simulation reproduced thin mesoscale precipitation features smoothly, which sometimes looks unrealistic. As for other precipitation peculiarities, like band inclination, melting layer position, and mixed-phase zones, the Polar WRF model demonstrates high consistency with observations. The model can describe the atmospheric conditions except for the investigation of precipitation-initiating mechanisms, which still is a challenge for modeling at a small scale.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124537640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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