Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.684
A. Fedchuk, S. Zherebchuk, D. Cheberkus
With the strengthening of the global environmental movement, the Southern Ocean has become an effective international testing ground for the development of spatial planning in marine environments beyond national jurisdiction. This note aims to review the European Union (EU) role in the progress on designation of environmentally representative network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Antarctica, and the effect of this process on the shaping of Ukraine’s strategy in this region. Following Ukraine’s external vector to European integration, in 2021 the country began formally aligning as a co-proponent with the EU-initiated two MPA proposals — in East Antarctica and the Weddell Sea. This alignment of positions is utterly important, taking into account the approaching of Ukraine's first chairmanship of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 2023–2024, which would be an exceptional opportunity for our country to make a significant progress in designation the largest MPAs ever implemented in Antarctica given national interests, including the creation of an international consortium with the involvement of Ukrainian scientific infrastructure in Antarctica, such as Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station and the research vessel Noosfera, to implement internationally significant scientific and monitoring programs to evaluate MPAs efficiency with Ukraine as a co-initiator.
{"title":"Global environmental initiatives of the EU in Antarctica: Ukraine’s position harmonization and prospect (preceding Ukraine’s chairmanship in the CCAMLR, 2023–2024)","authors":"A. Fedchuk, S. Zherebchuk, D. Cheberkus","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.684","url":null,"abstract":"With the strengthening of the global environmental movement, the Southern Ocean has become an effective international testing ground for the development of spatial planning in marine environments beyond national jurisdiction. This note aims to review the European Union (EU) role in the progress on designation of environmentally representative network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Antarctica, and the effect of this process on the shaping of Ukraine’s strategy in this region. Following Ukraine’s external vector to European integration, in 2021 the country began formally aligning as a co-proponent with the EU-initiated two MPA proposals — in East Antarctica and the Weddell Sea. This alignment of positions is utterly important, taking into account the approaching of Ukraine's first chairmanship of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 2023–2024, which would be an exceptional opportunity for our country to make a significant progress in designation the largest MPAs ever implemented in Antarctica given national interests, including the creation of an international consortium with the involvement of Ukrainian scientific infrastructure in Antarctica, such as Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station and the research vessel Noosfera, to implement internationally significant scientific and monitoring programs to evaluate MPAs efficiency with Ukraine as a co-initiator.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124351247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.694
M. Nabokin
Small water bodies like the rock pools are used as a model system for evolutionary and environmental studies with a growing interest. The zooplankton in the rock pools is a most interesting and promising research object. Although the first papers on Antarctic rock pools were published early in the XX century, these water bodies have been not investigated in detail and comprehensively. The paper aims to review and systematize the knowledge on the diversity of the freshwater zooplankton of the Maritime Antarctica, South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands. These organisms include meso- and macro- zooplankton (0.2—20 mm) living in the water and unable to propel themselves against a current, 69 taxa in total. The most diverse of them are 52 taxa of rotifers with 4 taxa identified to the subspecies, 44 — to species, and 4 — to genus level. Crustaceans include 16 taxa (14 identified to the species, 1 — to genus, and 1 — to order); 9 taxa belong to branchiopods, 3 — to ostracods, and 4 — to copepods. One insect species, Parochlus steinenii, is present in the plankton at the larval stage. Summarizing these results, the rock pools of the fairly well studied South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands (41 and 46 taxa, respectively) exhibit diversity of living organisms similar to the comparable waterbodies from other parts of the world, while the rest of the region has a much lower diversity (11 taxa). However, this discrepancy is presumably a research artifact because so far, only a few special studies have been done in the Maritime Antarctica. For example, at the Argentine Islands three identified taxa only (2 crustaceans and 1 rotifer) are known with a number of rotifers awaiting identification.
{"title":"Faunistic analysis of freshwater zooplankton in small rock pools of Maritime Antarctica","authors":"M. Nabokin","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.694","url":null,"abstract":"Small water bodies like the rock pools are used as a model system for evolutionary and environmental studies with a growing interest. The zooplankton in the rock pools is a most interesting and promising research object. Although the first papers on Antarctic rock pools were published early in the XX century, these water bodies have been not investigated in detail and comprehensively. The paper aims to review and systematize the knowledge on the diversity of the freshwater zooplankton of the Maritime Antarctica, South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands. These organisms include meso- and macro- zooplankton (0.2—20 mm) living in the water and unable to propel themselves against a current, 69 taxa in total. The most diverse of them are 52 taxa of rotifers with 4 taxa identified to the subspecies, 44 — to species, and 4 — to genus level. Crustaceans include 16 taxa (14 identified to the species, 1 — to genus, and 1 — to order); 9 taxa belong to branchiopods, 3 — to ostracods, and 4 — to copepods. One insect species, Parochlus steinenii, is present in the plankton at the larval stage. Summarizing these results, the rock pools of the fairly well studied South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands (41 and 46 taxa, respectively) exhibit diversity of living organisms similar to the comparable waterbodies from other parts of the world, while the rest of the region has a much lower diversity (11 taxa). However, this discrepancy is presumably a research artifact because so far, only a few special studies have been done in the Maritime Antarctica. For example, at the Argentine Islands three identified taxa only (2 crustaceans and 1 rotifer) are known with a number of rotifers awaiting identification.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"1127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133617424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.662
M. Leonov, Y. Otruba
The article describes the features of measurements of spatial inhomogeneities of the geomagnetic field between the pillars of magnetometers in the measuring pavilion, which were carried out at the geomagnetic observatory of the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station in 2015. Some preliminary results of these measurements are also given. The concept of the timescaled value of the geomagnetic field induction is introduced, which is convenient for compensating for time changes of the real geomagnetic induction and bringing it to one reference level of induction. The differences in geomagnetic induction between pillars are obtained as the differences in time-scaled values of the geomagnetic induction on the pillars. The technique allows comparing long-term series of measurements of field inhomogeneities at important points in space. The main objectives are to increase the accuracy of measurements of local inhomogeneities of the geomagnetic field in the measuring pavilion of the geomagnetic observatory of the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station and to determine the differences in the geomagnetic induction between the pillars on which the magnetometer sensors are installed. Obtaining numerical values of the differences in the geomagnetic induction between the pillars as objective criteria needed to assess the accuracy of the data in the final processing of geomagnetic observatory data. The method of comparison of two series of data is used: one obtained by the scalar magnetometer installed in the observatory as a mandatory stationary device, and the other obtained during measurements with a mobile magnetometer at the desired points in space. Compensation of temporal changes of the geomagnetic field by time-scaling the measurement readings of the mobile magnetometer relative to one reference value and thus, bringing them to one selected and fixed time epoch. Special geometric scheme of mobile measurements in the space around the pillars with magnetometer sensors or at important points in space. A rough estimate of method errors. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, the efficiency of the method and its acceptable potential accuracy were confirmed. We obtained approximate numerical values of the differences in the geomagnetic field induction between the pillars on which the magnetometer sensors are installed. Further increase in the accuracy of determining these differences is possible using modern devices of high accuracy and GPS-synchronization of mobile measurements.
{"title":"Measurement of the difference in the geomagnetic induction between the magnetometer pillars of the geomagnetic observatory of the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station","authors":"M. Leonov, Y. Otruba","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.662","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the features of measurements of spatial inhomogeneities of the geomagnetic field between the pillars of magnetometers in the measuring pavilion, which were carried out at the geomagnetic observatory of the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station in 2015. Some preliminary results of these measurements are also given. The concept of the timescaled value of the geomagnetic field induction is introduced, which is convenient for compensating for time changes of the real geomagnetic induction and bringing it to one reference level of induction. The differences in geomagnetic induction between pillars are obtained as the differences in time-scaled values of the geomagnetic induction on the pillars. The technique allows comparing long-term series of measurements of field inhomogeneities at important points in space. The main objectives are to increase the accuracy of measurements of local inhomogeneities of the geomagnetic field in the measuring pavilion of the geomagnetic observatory of the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station and to determine the differences in the geomagnetic induction between the pillars on which the magnetometer sensors are installed. Obtaining numerical values of the differences in the geomagnetic induction between the pillars as objective criteria needed to assess the accuracy of the data in the final processing of geomagnetic observatory data. The method of comparison of two series of data is used: one obtained by the scalar magnetometer installed in the observatory as a mandatory stationary device, and the other obtained during measurements with a mobile magnetometer at the desired points in space. Compensation of temporal changes of the geomagnetic field by time-scaling the measurement readings of the mobile magnetometer relative to one reference value and thus, bringing them to one selected and fixed time epoch. Special geometric scheme of mobile measurements in the space around the pillars with magnetometer sensors or at important points in space. A rough estimate of method errors. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, the efficiency of the method and its acceptable potential accuracy were confirmed. We obtained approximate numerical values of the differences in the geomagnetic field induction between the pillars on which the magnetometer sensors are installed. Further increase in the accuracy of determining these differences is possible using modern devices of high accuracy and GPS-synchronization of mobile measurements.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127400778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.678
S. Hnatush, S. Komplikevych, O. Maslovska, O. Moroz, T. Peretyatko, А. Dzhulai, T. Krasnozhon
The study’s primary purposes were establishing the number of microorganisms that exhibit hydrolytic activity in Antarctic soil and mosses samples, isolation of metal-resistant strains of bacteria, and description of their physiological and biochemical properties. Samples collected during the XXIII Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition in 2019 were used. The number of colony-forming units of microorganisms exhibiting proteolytic, amylolytic, cellulase, lipolytic activity was studied. Pure bacterial cultures were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Determination of resistance of isolates to heavy metals was estimated after their cultivation during ten days on agar plates with different concentrations of CdCl2 ⋅ 2.5H2O, CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, K2Cr2O7, FeSO4 ⋅ 7H2O, CuCl2 ⋅ 2H2O. Identification of strains was based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties. Among the 23 isolates, nine metal-resistant strains were selected, four of which were identified as Pseudomonas yamanorum ІМV B-7916 and 79_102, and as P. arsenicoxidans 5A_1N_24, and 89_1T_89. Among the selected strains, the most resistant to heavy metals was P. yamanorum 79_102. All studied strains synthesize lipases during growth on medium with tween-20, which contains 0.5–1 mM of ferrous sulfate and copper (II) chloride. The studied strains produce exopolysaccharides during growth at 6 and 22 °C. The most effective among these strains exopolysaccharides are synthesized by P. arsenicoxidans 5A_1N_24 — 768 mg/g of dry weight. Our results expand the knowledge about the diversity of microorganisms of extreme biotopes, their properties, resistance to heavy metal compounds.
{"title":"Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas isolated from Antarctic substrates","authors":"S. Hnatush, S. Komplikevych, O. Maslovska, O. Moroz, T. Peretyatko, А. Dzhulai, T. Krasnozhon","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.678","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s primary purposes were establishing the number of microorganisms that exhibit hydrolytic activity in Antarctic soil and mosses samples, isolation of metal-resistant strains of bacteria, and description of their physiological and biochemical properties. Samples collected during the XXIII Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition in 2019 were used. The number of colony-forming units of microorganisms exhibiting proteolytic, amylolytic, cellulase, lipolytic activity was studied. Pure bacterial cultures were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Determination of resistance of isolates to heavy metals was estimated after their cultivation during ten days on agar plates with different concentrations of CdCl2 ⋅ 2.5H2O, CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, K2Cr2O7, FeSO4 ⋅ 7H2O, CuCl2 ⋅ 2H2O. Identification of strains was based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties. Among the 23 isolates, nine metal-resistant strains were selected, four of which were identified as Pseudomonas yamanorum ІМV B-7916 and 79_102, and as P. arsenicoxidans 5A_1N_24, and 89_1T_89. Among the selected strains, the most resistant to heavy metals was P. yamanorum 79_102. All studied strains synthesize lipases during growth on medium with tween-20, which contains 0.5–1 mM of ferrous sulfate and copper (II) chloride. The studied strains produce exopolysaccharides during growth at 6 and 22 °C. The most effective among these strains exopolysaccharides are synthesized by P. arsenicoxidans 5A_1N_24 — 768 mg/g of dry weight. Our results expand the knowledge about the diversity of microorganisms of extreme biotopes, their properties, resistance to heavy metal compounds.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114633488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.667
N. Miryuta, I. Parnikoza, O. Poronnik, G. Myryuta, M. Rojek-Jelonek, E. Dykyi, V. Kunakh
The research was to develop and describe in detail the algorithm for calculating the United Quality Latent Index (UQLI, Iq ) of plant adaptability from the collection of Deschampsia antarctica Ė. Desv. genotypes obtained from seeds collected at different sites in the Argentine Islands region, the maritime Antarctic, and grown in vitro at the laboratory conditions. Genome size and genetic distances by ISSR and IRAP markers according to data from published articles were used as basic indices of initial genetic heterogeneity for analyzed plant genotypes. To assess individual adaptability indices for eleven D. antarctica genotypes, we used measurement of the leaf length morphometric index and determination of the flavonoids content by rutin and the content of photosynthetic pigments. The spectra of reserve and protective proteins in leaves were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To obtain the United Quality Latent Index of Adaptability (Iqi, UQLI), the method of extreme grouping was used. The estimation of Iqi (UQLI) was performed using pairwise comparisons of indices from differences sets for each pair of genotypes. We developed and described in detail the algorithm for Iqi estimation for eleven D. antarctica genotypes. As an example of application, correlation models of probability relations of the indices are presented. To evaluate the complex adaptability for eleven D. antarctica genotypes grown in vitro we used developed algorithm for the UQLI calculation. The individuality of the adaptive portrait for all studied genotypes under in vitro cultivation conditions was shown. The influence of basic genetic characteristics (genome size and genetic distances) on auxin metabolism-related indices of leaf length and flavonoid content was shown. Such effect may be carried out by genetic characteristics both individually and together, probably via auxin metabolism. Among the eight genotypes researched, we distinguish four different variants by correlation models and two (positive and negative) by the general Iqi value. Thus the Iqi (UQLI) is proposed to describe a large number of source data at different organization levels which characterize sample genotypes by reducing the dimensions to one dimensionless number. This genotypes’ individuality and the peculiarities of their grouping by Iqi should be taken into account when doing experimental studies using these genotypes as model plants, especially in experiments studying the regulation of productivity and the effect of the various exogenous factors, etc.
{"title":"Calculation of United Quality Latent Indices of Deschampsia antarctica plants adaptability of different origin grown in vitro","authors":"N. Miryuta, I. Parnikoza, O. Poronnik, G. Myryuta, M. Rojek-Jelonek, E. Dykyi, V. Kunakh","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.667","url":null,"abstract":"The research was to develop and describe in detail the algorithm for calculating the United Quality Latent Index (UQLI, Iq ) of plant adaptability from the collection of Deschampsia antarctica Ė. Desv. genotypes obtained from seeds collected at different sites in the Argentine Islands region, the maritime Antarctic, and grown in vitro at the laboratory conditions. Genome size and genetic distances by ISSR and IRAP markers according to data from published articles were used as basic indices of initial genetic heterogeneity for analyzed plant genotypes. To assess individual adaptability indices for eleven D. antarctica genotypes, we used measurement of the leaf length morphometric index and determination of the flavonoids content by rutin and the content of photosynthetic pigments. The spectra of reserve and protective proteins in leaves were investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To obtain the United Quality Latent Index of Adaptability (Iqi, UQLI), the method of extreme grouping was used. The estimation of Iqi (UQLI) was performed using pairwise comparisons of indices from differences sets for each pair of genotypes. We developed and described in detail the algorithm for Iqi estimation for eleven D. antarctica genotypes. As an example of application, correlation models of probability relations of the indices are presented. To evaluate the complex adaptability for eleven D. antarctica genotypes grown in vitro we used developed algorithm for the UQLI calculation. The individuality of the adaptive portrait for all studied genotypes under in vitro cultivation conditions was shown. The influence of basic genetic characteristics (genome size and genetic distances) on auxin metabolism-related indices of leaf length and flavonoid content was shown. Such effect may be carried out by genetic characteristics both individually and together, probably via auxin metabolism. Among the eight genotypes researched, we distinguish four different variants by correlation models and two (positive and negative) by the general Iqi value. Thus the Iqi (UQLI) is proposed to describe a large number of source data at different organization levels which characterize sample genotypes by reducing the dimensions to one dimensionless number. This genotypes’ individuality and the peculiarities of their grouping by Iqi should be taken into account when doing experimental studies using these genotypes as model plants, especially in experiments studying the regulation of productivity and the effect of the various exogenous factors, etc.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117260956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.669
H. Yevchun, E. Dykyi, I. Kozeretska, A. Fedchuk, V. Karamushka, I. Parnikoza
There has been an ongoing increase in tourist visits to the Antarctic since 2010. These visits primarily concentrate on a small number of sites, increasing the possible environmental impact. One of the tourism hotspots is the central Argentine Islands in Wilhelm Archipelago. These islands, being one of the top 20 most visited Antarctic sites, consist of Galindez Island, Winter Island, and Skua Island. They are known for wildlife, rich vegetation (old moss banks, rich bryophyte and lichen communities, Antarctic pearlwort Colobanthus quitensis and hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica populations), spectacular views. They include one of the oldest Antarctic research stations: the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. Previously no measures have been developed to minimize the impact of tourism on this region. Thus, the Visitor Site Guidelines (VSG) approach and the numerous studies in the region were used to determine the central values of this site and to identify those key features that can be opened for tourists. In addition to the most frequently mentioned values, such as seabirds and mammals, we considered it necessary to mention the vegetation. We assessed threats to these values, distinguishing known and potential impacts. We have also analyzed and developed landing requirements for the studied area, including the most critical requirement to be considered, namely the number of visitors. We think that the maximum number of visitors should be 36 at any time and 270 per day, not counting passengers of yachts. This is the first time that the Visitor Site Guidelines were modified to limit the number of yachts visiting the site to three yachts per day. To reduce the tourist load at the station itself and at the same time to concentrate tourists in the studied region, we proposed two tourist trails: one for Galindez Island, the other — the existing trail for Winter Island. The prepared draft of Visitor Site Guidelines is given in Appendix 2.
{"title":"Minimizing tourist impact on the Argentine Islands ecosystem, Antarctic Peninsula, using visitor site guidelines approach","authors":"H. Yevchun, E. Dykyi, I. Kozeretska, A. Fedchuk, V. Karamushka, I. Parnikoza","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.669","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an ongoing increase in tourist visits to the Antarctic since 2010. These visits primarily concentrate on a small number of sites, increasing the possible environmental impact. One of the tourism hotspots is the central Argentine Islands in Wilhelm Archipelago. These islands, being one of the top 20 most visited Antarctic sites, consist of Galindez Island, Winter Island, and Skua Island. They are known for wildlife, rich vegetation (old moss banks, rich bryophyte and lichen communities, Antarctic pearlwort Colobanthus quitensis and hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica populations), spectacular views. They include one of the oldest Antarctic research stations: the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. Previously no measures have been developed to minimize the impact of tourism on this region. Thus, the Visitor Site Guidelines (VSG) approach and the numerous studies in the region were used to determine the central values of this site and to identify those key features that can be opened for tourists. In addition to the most frequently mentioned values, such as seabirds and mammals, we considered it necessary to mention the vegetation. We assessed threats to these values, distinguishing known and potential impacts. We have also analyzed and developed landing requirements for the studied area, including the most critical requirement to be considered, namely the number of visitors. We think that the maximum number of visitors should be 36 at any time and 270 per day, not counting passengers of yachts. This is the first time that the Visitor Site Guidelines were modified to limit the number of yachts visiting the site to three yachts per day. To reduce the tourist load at the station itself and at the same time to concentrate tourists in the studied region, we proposed two tourist trails: one for Galindez Island, the other — the existing trail for Winter Island. The prepared draft of Visitor Site Guidelines is given in Appendix 2.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115842217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.663
S. Kadurin, K. Andrieieva
The study of Antarctic glaciers and ice sheets velocity is one of the most discussed topics. Such high interest in this topic is primarily because the ice from the Antarctic glaciers, which gets to the ocean, significantly affects the ocean level and the global climate. Development of modern satellite technologies for Earth remote sensing made it possible to elaborate a number of methods for ice sheets’ displacements estimation and calculation of such displacements velocities. This work uses remote sensing data from the satellite system Copernicus Sentinel-1 to estimate the ice cover velocities in the Kyiv Peninsula in the time interval from December 2020 to March 2021. To this end, 10 radar images of the study area from early December to the end of March were used with an interval of 12–14 days. All selected images were analyzed in pairs to establish changes on the surface for the selected time interval. GRD-format images from Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite, corrected for Earth's ellipsoid shape, were used. Based on the offset tracking operation, we calculated the speeds of ice cover movements within the Kyiv Peninsula for each pair of images with approximately two weeks' time difference. As a result, the speed of ice movements varies considerably and at the glacier mouth can reach 3.5–4 meters per day. Also, the rate of ice displacement in the glacier body changed over time. Thus, the highest ice velocities were in the glacier's mouth. However, short-term time intervals of intensification were recorded for the rear and even the marginal parts of the glaciers in contact with the ice sheet. Thus, the lowest part of the glacier activating sequence leads to the upper part shifting. Notably, this increase in the displacement of ice cover was recorded in February, one of the warmest months in this part of Antarctica.
{"title":"Ice sheet velocity tracking by Sentinel-1 satellite images at Graham Coast Kyiv Peninsula","authors":"S. Kadurin, K. Andrieieva","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.663","url":null,"abstract":"The study of Antarctic glaciers and ice sheets velocity is one of the most discussed topics. Such high interest in this topic is primarily because the ice from the Antarctic glaciers, which gets to the ocean, significantly affects the ocean level and the global climate. Development of modern satellite technologies for Earth remote sensing made it possible to elaborate a number of methods for ice sheets’ displacements estimation and calculation of such displacements velocities. This work uses remote sensing data from the satellite system Copernicus Sentinel-1 to estimate the ice cover velocities in the Kyiv Peninsula in the time interval from December 2020 to March 2021. To this end, 10 radar images of the study area from early December to the end of March were used with an interval of 12–14 days. All selected images were analyzed in pairs to establish changes on the surface for the selected time interval. GRD-format images from Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite, corrected for Earth's ellipsoid shape, were used. Based on the offset tracking operation, we calculated the speeds of ice cover movements within the Kyiv Peninsula for each pair of images with approximately two weeks' time difference. As a result, the speed of ice movements varies considerably and at the glacier mouth can reach 3.5–4 meters per day. Also, the rate of ice displacement in the glacier body changed over time. Thus, the highest ice velocities were in the glacier's mouth. However, short-term time intervals of intensification were recorded for the rear and even the marginal parts of the glaciers in contact with the ice sheet. Thus, the lowest part of the glacier activating sequence leads to the upper part shifting. Notably, this increase in the displacement of ice cover was recorded in February, one of the warmest months in this part of Antarctica.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.677
А. Shvets, O. Budanov, O. Koloskov, O. Nickolaenko, O. Shvets, Y. Yampolsky
In this work, we study the variability of errors in determining the azimuth of Q-bursts’ sources on a daily time scale. Qbursts are electromagnetic pulse radiation in the extremely low frequency (ELF) range, excited by powerful lightning discharges, and they are used to locate lightnings over the world. We estimated the errors from data collected for two horizontal orthogonal magnetic field components of Q-bursts. Experimental records of Q-bursts were made at Akademik Vernadsky station from March to April 2019, which covers the vernal equinox day. We determined the azimuth of a Q-bursts’ source by digital rotation of the coordinate system until the signal in one magnetic component would drop to its minimum value. The absolute value of the azimuth error was estimated from the ratio of the Q-burst’s amplitude to the standard deviation of the residual signal. With an automated processing procedure, we analyzed over 800 thousand Q-bursts with amplitude over 10 picotesla. A characteristic diurnal pattern has been discovered in the estimated azimuth errors variations. The night level of the azimuth error exceeded the day level by about two degrees on average. The decrease-rise-decrease И-shaped swing during transition from night to day and mirror-symmetric Nshaped swing during transition from day to night were identified. Each of those transitional swings takes about four hours. A comparison of the daily variations in the total intensity of ELF background noise with the estimated daily azimuth error diagrams demonstrates the opposite character: maximal level of the ELF background noise was observed during the daytime while the estimated azimuth errors take minimal values at this time. This contradicts the generally accepted notion that increasing the noise increases the error. Thus, we suppose that the residual magnetic component in a Q-burst occurs not only from the background noise but can also result from nonlinear polarization of the incident wave due to gyrotropy of the nighttime lower ionosphere. Coherent waves resulting from diffraction of the incident field on the day-night interface in the Earth-ionosphere cavity could explain the И- and N-shaped swings of the azimuth error during the passage of the solar terminator.
{"title":"Evaluation of errors in estimating the azimuth of powerful lightning discharges from measurements of Q-burstst","authors":"А. Shvets, O. Budanov, O. Koloskov, O. Nickolaenko, O. Shvets, Y. Yampolsky","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.677","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we study the variability of errors in determining the azimuth of Q-bursts’ sources on a daily time scale. Qbursts are electromagnetic pulse radiation in the extremely low frequency (ELF) range, excited by powerful lightning discharges, and they are used to locate lightnings over the world. We estimated the errors from data collected for two horizontal orthogonal magnetic field components of Q-bursts. Experimental records of Q-bursts were made at Akademik Vernadsky station from March to April 2019, which covers the vernal equinox day. We determined the azimuth of a Q-bursts’ source by digital rotation of the coordinate system until the signal in one magnetic component would drop to its minimum value. The absolute value of the azimuth error was estimated from the ratio of the Q-burst’s amplitude to the standard deviation of the residual signal. With an automated processing procedure, we analyzed over 800 thousand Q-bursts with amplitude over 10 picotesla. A characteristic diurnal pattern has been discovered in the estimated azimuth errors variations. The night level of the azimuth error exceeded the day level by about two degrees on average. The decrease-rise-decrease И-shaped swing during transition from night to day and mirror-symmetric Nshaped swing during transition from day to night were identified. Each of those transitional swings takes about four hours. A comparison of the daily variations in the total intensity of ELF background noise with the estimated daily azimuth error diagrams demonstrates the opposite character: maximal level of the ELF background noise was observed during the daytime while the estimated azimuth errors take minimal values at this time. This contradicts the generally accepted notion that increasing the noise increases the error. Thus, we suppose that the residual magnetic component in a Q-burst occurs not only from the background noise but can also result from nonlinear polarization of the incident wave due to gyrotropy of the nighttime lower ionosphere. Coherent waves resulting from diffraction of the incident field on the day-night interface in the Earth-ionosphere cavity could explain the И- and N-shaped swings of the azimuth error during the passage of the solar terminator.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123854091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.707
S. Komplikevych, O. Maslovska, T. Moravska, I. Yarmoliuk, N. Biront, Y. Zaritska, S. Hnatush
{"title":"Adaptations of the antarctic bacterium Paenibacillus tundrae IMV B-7915 to copper (II) chloride exposure","authors":"S. Komplikevych, O. Maslovska, T. Moravska, I. Yarmoliuk, N. Biront, Y. Zaritska, S. Hnatush","doi":"10.33275/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127443057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.682
K. Petrenko, І. Ivanchenko, O. Karmazin
Renewable energy and other methods of minimizing emissions into the atmosphere should be a priority for each country. This approach should be extended to Antarctica scientific stations.The study main objective was to obtain the necessary estimates of the wind energy potential of the Galindez Island territory to estimate the feasibility of installing wind turbines on the territory of the Akademik Vernadsky station. The study of the wind properties over the territory was based on the British Antarctic Survey archive of meteorological parameter average annual values (1950–2020), 3-h wind speed and direction data, registered by the Akademik Vernadsky station (2011–2020), and average daily data from meteorological observations (2014–2018). The Hellman parameter was calculated from satellite data. A number of statistical methods were used to analyze the vertical wind profile, particularly the method of minimizing the arithmetic mean relative modeling error. To assess the amount of generation, the wind speed data at the height of the anemometer sensor were recalculated to the height of the wind turbine axis. Using the wind power characteristics provided by the developers, average annual wind power generation was avaluated. For calculations of wind energy potential, we chose the technique developed by the Department of Wind Power of the Institute of Renewable Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The analysis of the wind conditions showed a high average daily wind speed (3.9 m/s) and the prevailing wind direction (north – northeast 24%). The results support the hypothesis about the expediency of installing wind turbines on the territory of the Akademik Vernadsky station. The wind turbine was selected for further wind power calculations based on the other countries experience of using wind turbines in Antarctica and considering the specifics of installation and operation in conditions of high wind speeds, low temperatures and high relative humidity. Based on information on fuel consumption at the Akademik Vernadsky station, it was estimated that the installation of 10 wind turbines SD6 would meet 28.4% of the station's yearly electricity needs.
{"title":"Prospects for the use of wind energy resources at the Akademik Vernadsky station","authors":"K. Petrenko, І. Ivanchenko, O. Karmazin","doi":"10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.682","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy and other methods of minimizing emissions into the atmosphere should be a priority for each country. This approach should be extended to Antarctica scientific stations.The study main objective was to obtain the necessary estimates of the wind energy potential of the Galindez Island territory to estimate the feasibility of installing wind turbines on the territory of the Akademik Vernadsky station. The study of the wind properties over the territory was based on the British Antarctic Survey archive of meteorological parameter average annual values (1950–2020), 3-h wind speed and direction data, registered by the Akademik Vernadsky station (2011–2020), and average daily data from meteorological observations (2014–2018). The Hellman parameter was calculated from satellite data. A number of statistical methods were used to analyze the vertical wind profile, particularly the method of minimizing the arithmetic mean relative modeling error. To assess the amount of generation, the wind speed data at the height of the anemometer sensor were recalculated to the height of the wind turbine axis. Using the wind power characteristics provided by the developers, average annual wind power generation was avaluated. For calculations of wind energy potential, we chose the technique developed by the Department of Wind Power of the Institute of Renewable Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The analysis of the wind conditions showed a high average daily wind speed (3.9 m/s) and the prevailing wind direction (north – northeast 24%). The results support the hypothesis about the expediency of installing wind turbines on the territory of the Akademik Vernadsky station. The wind turbine was selected for further wind power calculations based on the other countries experience of using wind turbines in Antarctica and considering the specifics of installation and operation in conditions of high wind speeds, low temperatures and high relative humidity. Based on information on fuel consumption at the Akademik Vernadsky station, it was estimated that the installation of 10 wind turbines SD6 would meet 28.4% of the station's yearly electricity needs.","PeriodicalId":370867,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Antarctic Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126137814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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