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Deep structure and new experimental data of the Bransfield Strait volcanoes (West Antarctica) 南极洲西部布兰斯菲尔德海峡火山的深部结构与新实验数据
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2021.661
V. Soloviev, V. Bakhmutov, N. Yakymchuk, I. Korchagin, Kyiv Ukraine Geochemistry
The aim of the study is to determine the existence of a complex magma-gas-fluid system of the West Antarctica northern volcanic branch in the Bransfield Strait. It consists of several different-level deep magma chambers with magmas raised directly from the mantle or the accumulation zone located at a depth of about 25–30 km. Research methods are based on the known idea that the Earth can be considered a spherical capacitor formed by various layers from its core to the surface with different parameters — thickness, permittivity, density, contact potential difference. Our experimental data show that there is a molten zone at 195–225 km where considerable part of volcanic roots is located. Certain structural patterns for land and submarine volcanic structures are revealed, and the first data on the deep migration channels of fluids in the Bransfield Strait are obtained. Volcanic channels are filled with different basic, ultramafic rocks, and sedimentary rocks too. The deep roots of volcanic structures' presence can be associated with the pulsed functioning of a gas-fluid channel with low viscosity. The gas-saturated melts form some zones of intermediate crystallization in the crust due to this channel. These studies showed that multiphase pulsed volcanic activity mainly through the vertical migration channels of deep fluids from the melting zone played a significant role in forming the tectonic diversity and the evolution of the Antarctic continental margin region structures. The results of modified methods of processing and decoding satellite images and photographs allow supplementing the understanding of the West Antarctica structures’ formation. These results of the Bransfield Strait magmatic systems studying indicate the need for further research to understand the mechanism of formation and evolution of structures and deep geospheres in different regions of the Earth.
这项研究的目的是确定在南极洲西部的布兰斯菲尔德海峡北部火山分支存在一个复杂的岩浆-气体-流体系统。它由几个不同层次的深部岩浆房组成,岩浆直接从地幔或位于深度约25-30公里的聚集带中升起。研究方法是基于已知的想法,即地球可以被认为是一个球形电容器,由从其核心到表面的不同层组成,具有不同的参数-厚度,介电常数,密度,接触电位差。我们的实验数据表明,在195-225公里处存在一个熔岩区,其中相当一部分火山根位于此。揭示了陆地和海底火山构造的某些构造模式,并获得了布兰斯菲尔德海峡深部流体运移通道的初步资料。火山通道充满了不同的基性、超镁质岩石和沉积岩。火山构造的深层根源可能与低粘度气-流体通道的脉冲作用有关。由于这一通道的作用,饱和气体熔体在地壳中形成了一些中间结晶带。这些研究表明,多期脉冲火山活动主要通过熔融带深部流体的垂直迁移通道,对形成南极大陆边缘地区的构造多样性和构造演化起了重要作用。对卫星图像和照片进行处理和解码的改进方法的结果可以补充对南极洲西部构造形成的了解。这些研究结果表明,需要进一步研究以了解地球不同地区构造和深部地圈的形成和演化机制。
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引用次数: 1
Plant growth promoting properties of an antarctic strain Amycolatopsis sp. Cq 72-27 南极菌株Amycolatopsis sp. cq72 -27促进植物生长的特性
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.708
I. Roman, O. Gromyko
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引用次数: 0
Russian aggression against Ukraine: a new challenge facing Antarctic governance 俄罗斯侵略乌克兰:南极治理面临的新挑战
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2022.702
A. Fedchuk, D. Cheberkus, S. Zherebchuk
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引用次数: 1
Temporal stability of Induction Vectors from Antarctic Peninsula, AIA INTERMAGNET observatory 南极半岛感应矢量的时间稳定性,AIA INTERMAGNET天文台
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.703
S. Sanaka, A. Neska
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引用次数: 0
Review of ‘Contributions to understanding climate interactions: stratospheric ozone’ by Gennadi Milinevsky, Asen Grytsai, Oleksandr Evtushevsky, and Andrew Klekociuk. (2022) 对Gennadi Milinevsky、Asen Grytsai、Oleksandr Evtushevsky和Andrew Klekociuk撰写的“对理解气候相互作用的贡献:平流层臭氧”的综述。(2022)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.711
S. Krakovska
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引用次数: 0
Observation of the ionosphere by ionosondes in the Southern and Northern hemispheres during geospace events in October 2021 2021年10月地球空间事件期间南半球和北半球电离层的电离层探空仪观测
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.686
M. Reznychenko, O. Bogomaz, D. Kotov, T. Zhivolup, O. Koloskov, V. Lisachenko
The paper presents the results of ionospheric observations performed over the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station and Millstone Hill (USA). Ionospheric parameters such as peak electron density and height (hmF2 and NmF2) in October 2021 are shown and discussed. The results of the comparative analysis between observations and predictions of the International Reference Ionosphere 2016 (IRI-2016) model are presented. The main objectives of this work are an investigation of the ionosphere response to space weather effects in the Northern and Southern hemispheres in the American longitudinal sectorusing ionosondes located at the Vernadsky station and near the magnetically conjugate region – Millstone Hill, and a comparison of observations with the model. The F2-layer peak height was calculated from ionograms obtained by ionosonde using subsequent electron density profile inversion. Diurnal variations of hmF2 and NmF2 were calculated using a set of sub-models of the IRI-2016 model for comparison with experimental results. A strong negative response of the ionosphere to the moderate geomagnetic storm on October 12, 2021 was revealed over the Vernadsky station and Millstone Hill. During October 21–31, 2021, the gradual night-to-night increase in NmF2 (by a factor of ~2) was observed over the Vernadsky station. It was found that the IRI hmF2 sub-models (SHU-2015 and AMTB-2013) provide a relatively good agreement with the observed variations of hmF2 in the daytime and nighttime for almost the entire investigated period over both the Vernadsky station and Millstone Hill. The largest deviations for both IRI hmF2 sub-models occurred during the nighttime of geomagnetically disturbed periods. The IRI NmF2 submodels (URSI and CCIR) generally agree with the observations. However, observations and model predictions differ somewhat in the geomagnetically disturbed periods. According to the results of the standard deviation calculations, it cannot be concluded that any of the IRI-2016 sub-models is better than the others. The hypotheses on the possible reasons for the differences in the modeled and observed variations of hmF2 and NmF2 are proposed and discussed in the frame of well-known ionospheric storms’ mechanisms. The results obtained in this paper demonstrate the peculiarities of the ionosphere in different hemispheres of the American longitude sector under geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions and provide one more validation of the modern empirical international reference models of the ionosphere.
本文介绍了在乌克兰南极维尔纳德斯基科考站和美国米尔斯通山进行的电离层观测的结果。给出并讨论了2021年10月的电离层参数,如峰值电子密度和高度(hmF2和NmF2)。给出了国际参考电离层2016 (IRI-2016)模式的观测与预测对比分析结果。这项工作的主要目标是利用位于韦尔纳德斯基站和磁共轭区米尔斯顿山附近的电离层探空仪,研究美国南北半球纵向扇区电离层对空间天气影响的响应,并将观测结果与模型进行比较。利用随后的电子密度谱反演,从离子探空仪获得的离子图中计算出f2层峰高。利用IRI-2016模型的一组子模型计算hmF2和NmF2的日变化,并与实验结果进行比较。在2021年10月12日,在Vernadsky站和Millstone Hill上发现了电离层对中度地磁风暴的强烈负响应。在2021年10月21日至31日期间,在Vernadsky站观测到NmF2逐夜逐渐增加(约2倍)。研究发现,IRI hmF2子模型(hu -2015和AMTB-2013)与在Vernadsky站和Millstone Hill几乎整个调查期间观测到的昼夜hmF2变化具有较好的一致性。两个IRI hmF2子模式的最大偏差都发生在地磁扰动期的夜间。IRI NmF2子模型(URSI和CCIR)与观测结果基本一致。然而,在地磁扰动期,观测和模式预测有些不同。根据标准差计算的结果,不能得出任何一个IRI-2016子模型比其他子模型更好的结论。在已知的电离层风暴机制的框架下,提出并讨论了hmF2和NmF2的模式和观测差异的可能原因。本文的研究结果表明,在无地磁干扰和无地磁干扰的情况下,美国经度扇区不同半球电离层的特点,为电离层的现代经验国际参考模式提供了又一次验证。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of the helminth community of Notothenia coriiceps (Actinopterygii: Nototheniidae) collected in the water area of the Argentine Islands, West Antarctica 南极西部阿根廷群岛海域捕集的北棘棘鱼(Notothenia coriiceps)蠕虫群落分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.691
T. Kuzmina, Y. Kuzmin, O. Salganskiy, O. Lisitsyna, E. Korol
Helminth community of the Antarctic black rockcod, Notothenia coriiceps, was examined using the fish samples collected in 2014—2015 (106 specimens) and 2020—2021 (78 specimens) in the water area of the Argentine Islands, West Antarctica. In total, 30,951 helminth specimens were collected and identified. We analyse the helminth infra- and component communities and investigate possible changes in the main parameters of helminth communities of N. coriiceps during the six-year period. Thirty species of helminths from five taxonomic groups were recorded: one species of Monogenea, 5 of Nematoda, 4 of Cestoda, 9 of Trematoda, and 11 of Acanthocephala. Notothenia coriiceps was found to be the definitive host of 18 helminth species; 12 species parasitize it in the larval stage using N. coriiceps as the second intermediate or paratenic host. The proportion of larval helminths in the samples was lower in 2014—2015 (73.4%) than in 2020—2021 (81.4%). The number of dominant helminth species (infection prevalence >50%) increased from seven in 2014—2015 to nine in 2020—2021. In helminth infracommunities, the species richness was similar in two samples. On the other hand, we found significantly higher helminth abundance in the infracommunities from the sample collected in 2020—2021. In the helminth component community, the diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Pielou, Berger-Parker) evidenced higher evenness and lower domination in the sample collected in 2014— 2015 compared to the sample collected in 2020—2021. Lower evenness in 2020—2021 was due to the larger relative abundance of larval Pseudoterranova sp. and Corynosoma spp. We suggest a deeper investigation of the role of separate helminth species in the component community changes, as well as further monitoring of component community parameters as prospective directions for future studies of helminth communities of N. coriiceps in West Antarctica.
利用2014-2015年(106个标本)和2020-2021年(78个标本)在南极洲西部阿根廷群岛水域采集的鱼类样本,对南极黑岩鳕鱼(Notothenia coriiceps)的蠕虫群落进行了研究。总共收集和鉴定了30,951个蠕虫标本。本文分析了6年时间里山蠹蛾幼虫的基础群落和组成群落,并探讨了其主要群落参数的可能变化。共记录到5个分类类群的30种蠕虫:单纲1种、线虫纲5种、虫纲4种、吸虫纲9种、棘头纲11种。结果表明,山螺(Notothenia coriiceps)是18种寄生虫的最终宿主;有12种寄生蜂在幼虫期以山蠹蛾为第二中间寄主或副寄主寄生。2014-2015年幼虫比例(73.4%)低于2020-2021年(81.4%)。优势寄生虫种类(感染流行率>50%)从2014-2015年的7种增加到2020-2021年的9种。在线虫下层群落中,两个样本的物种丰富度相似。另一方面,从2020-2021年收集的样本中,我们发现基础设施群落的蠕虫丰度明显更高。在蠕虫组分群落中,与2020-2021年相比,2014 - 2015年收集的样本的多样性指数(Shannon, Simpson, Pielou, Berger-Parker)显示出更高的均匀性和更低的支配性。2020-2021年均匀度较低的原因是幼虫Pseudoterranova sp.和Corynosoma spp.的相对丰度较大。我们建议进一步研究单独的蠕虫物种在组成群落变化中的作用,并进一步监测组成群落参数,作为未来西南极洲科里塞贝线虫群落研究的前瞻性方向。
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引用次数: 1
New sightings of the Southern right whales in West Antarctic Peninsula waters 南露脊鲸在西南极半岛水域的新发现
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.1.2022.693
O. Savenko, A. Friedlaender
Southern right whales (SRW) in the southwest Atlantic are recognized as slowly recovering after the massive population decline induced by harvesting. SRWs spend summer months in high-latitude feeding grounds and migrate to mid-latitude wintering grounds in autumn, where breeding occurs. Only a few sightings are known for the Antarctic waters as far south as 64° S. The West Antarctic Peninsula is a biologically productive area experiencing marine ecosystem transformations caused by climate changing at one of the fastest rates on Earth. The continental shelf of this region is important for krill stocks — a key prey source for SRW. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the austral summer and autumn presence of the SRWs in the waters of the West Antarctic Peninsula. In May—June 2009, vessel observations were made during a National Science Foundation research cruise. In March 2014, opportunistic surveys were conducted by researchers using the tour vessel as a platform of opportunity. During late March and April of 2018, January — July 2019 and March — April 2020, regular boat-based observations and vessel surveys were conducted in frames of the XXIII and XXIV Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions, based at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. In our study we discuss four sightings of SRWs occurred at south of 64° S (2), and 65° S (2). On May 7, 2009, a single adult foraging SRW was sighted in Wilhelmina Bay. On March 22, 2014, an adult SRW was resting with two adult humpback whales in the northern part of the Lemaire Channel. On April 7, 2018, one SRW was sighted in a group with four humpback whales, and intensive interspecies social interactions happened. The last encounter of the SRW happened on April 24, 2020, in Gerlache Strait, near the southeastern coast of the Brabant Island — a single adult right whale was noticed while travelling. Results of our study indicate the autumn presence of some SRWs in the West Antarctic Peninsula waters — on the edge of the southern limit of known distribution for the species.
西南大西洋的南露脊鲸(SRW)在因捕捞而导致的大规模数量下降后,被认为正在缓慢恢复。夏季在高纬度地区觅食,秋季迁徙到中纬度地区的越冬地进行繁殖。在南纬64度以南的南极水域,只有少数几处目击事件。南极半岛西部是一个生物生产力丰富的地区,由于气候变化的速度是地球上最快的之一,正在经历海洋生态系统的转变。该地区的大陆架对磷虾种群很重要,磷虾是SRW的主要猎物来源。本研究的目的是揭示西南极寒流在南极半岛西部海域夏季和秋季的存在。2009年5月至6月,在国家科学基金会的一次研究巡航中,船只进行了观测。2014年3月,研究人员利用游船作为机会平台进行了机会性调查。在2018年3月下旬和4月、2019年1月至7月和2020年3月至4月期间,在以乌克兰南极维尔纳德斯基科考站为基地的第23届和第24届乌克兰南极考察队的框架内进行了定期的船载观测和船只调查。在我们的研究中,我们讨论了发生在64°S(2)以南和65°S(2)的四次SRW目击事件。2009年5月7日,在Wilhelmina湾发现了一只觅食的成年SRW。2014年3月22日,在勒梅尔海峡北部,一只成年SRW和两只成年座头鲸在休息。2018年4月7日,一只SRW被发现与四头座头鲸在一起,发生了密集的物种间社会互动。SRW的最后一次遭遇发生在2020年4月24日,在布拉班特岛东南海岸附近的Gerlache海峡,一只成年露脊鲸在旅行时被注意到。我们的研究结果表明,一些srw在南极半岛西部水域的秋季存在-在该物种已知分布的南部界限的边缘。
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引用次数: 2
Records of Boeckella poppei (Mrazek, 1901) (Calanoida: Centropagidae) obtained during Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions 乌克兰南极考察期间获得的Boeckella poppei (Mrazek, 1901)记录(Calanoida: Centropagidae)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2023.706
M. Nabokin, O. Salganskiy, V. Tkachenko, P. Kovalenko, A. Dzhulai, A. Puhovkin, S. Gogol, Yu. V. Protsenko, L. Svetlichniy, I. Kozeretska
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引用次数: 1
The first Ukrainian permanent GNSS station in Antarctica: processing and analysis of observation data 乌克兰在南极洲的第一个永久性全球导航卫星系统站:观测数据的处理和分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.674
І. Savchyn, Y. Otruba, K. Tretyak
The main purpose of this work is to study and analyze the coordinate time series of the first Ukrainian permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station in Antarctica — Antarctic Station Academic Vernadsky (ASAV). We also aimed to do a comprehensive study of geophysical factors on the coordinate time series values and determine the values of the displacement components of this GNSS station. Processing of measurements was performed using the software Bernese GNSS Software v.5.2. The Bernese Processing Engine (BPE) module and the RNX2SNX (RINEX-TO-SINEX) processing algorithm were used to obtain daily solutions of permanent GNSS station ASAV. Daily solutions of the permanent GNSS station ASAV and the vector of its displacements were determined in the coordinate system IGb08. The vector of the permanent GNSS station ASAV has a northeasterly direction. The obtained results are consistent with the model of tectonic plate movements of this region. To study the characteristic periods of harmonic oscillations of coordinate time series of permanent GNSS station ASAV due to various geophysical factors. A set of studies was conducted, which included the development of an algorithm and a package of applications for processing time series and determining optimal curves that most accurately describe them. Thus, for each time series, the original equation is used to determine the optimal period of oscillation. As a result, an anomalous distribution of fluctuations in the values of permanent GNSS station ASAV with different periods was revealed — this indicates the complex nature of the influence of geophysical factors on the spatial location and confirms the need for systematic studies of such factors on the stability and displacement of GNSS station. It is established that the permanent GNSS station ASAV is exposed to seasonal oscillations, associated with changes in environmental conditions.
本工作的主要目的是研究和分析乌克兰在南极洲的第一个永久性全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)站-南极学术站Vernadsky (ASAV)的坐标时间序列。我们还旨在对坐标时间序列值进行地球物理因素的综合研究,并确定该GNSS站的位移分量值。测量数据的处理使用Bernese GNSS software v.5.2软件。采用伯尔尼处理引擎(BPE)模块和RNX2SNX (RINEX-TO-SINEX)处理算法,获得永久GNSS站ASAV的日解。在IGb08坐标系下确定了永久GNSS站ASAV的日解及其位移矢量。永久GNSS站ASAV的矢量为东北方向。所得结果与该地区的构造板块运动模式一致。研究各种地球物理因素对永久GNSS站ASAV坐标时间序列谐波振荡特征周期的影响。进行了一系列研究,其中包括开发一种算法和一套用于处理时间序列和确定最准确描述它们的最佳曲线的应用程序。因此,对于每一个时间序列,用原方程来确定最优振荡周期。结果揭示了GNSS永久站ASAV值在不同时期波动的异常分布,这表明地球物理因素对空间定位影响的复杂性,证实了系统研究这些因素对GNSS站稳定性和位移影响的必要性。可以确定的是,永久GNSS站ASAV暴露于与环境条件变化相关的季节性振荡。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Ukrainian Antarctic Journal
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