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2011 24th Internatioal Conference on VLSI Design最新文献

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Fault Collapsing Using a Novel Extensibility Relation 基于新型可拓关系的断层塌陷
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.56
M. Chandrasekar, M. Hsiao
Fault Collapsing of a target fault-list can help in obtaining a compact test set, decreasing test-generation/fault simulation time, and indirectly reducing test data volume and test application time during Manufacturing Test. These factors have a direct impact on test economics, thus obtaining a compact fault list is essential. In this paper, we propose a novel extensibility relation that aids in identifying non-trivial dominance relationships among fault-pairs. We show that our technique supersedes existing dominance-based collapsing techniques and thus may identify more dominance relations among faults. To this end, we learn several necessary assignments for faults in a low-cost fault independent manner, in which memory requirements are also low. Further, from a theoretical point of interest, we theorize a lower bound on the size of a collapsed fault-list. Experimental results on ISCAS85 and full-scan versions of ISCAS89 circuits indicate that, on an average, our technique can eliminate 5% of faults from the collapsed fault list reported by the best known fault collapsing engine. Further, our technique consumed only 2% -4% of the memory used by the best known engine, which also provided for a 2:3x average speed-up!
对目标故障列表进行故障折叠,可以获得紧凑的测试集,减少测试生成/故障模拟时间,间接减少制造测试过程中的测试数据量和测试应用时间。这些因素对试验经济性有直接影响,因此获得一个紧凑的故障列表是必要的。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的可扩展关系,它有助于识别故障对之间的非平凡优势关系。我们表明,我们的技术取代了现有的基于优势的崩溃技术,因此可以识别更多的断层之间的优势关系。为此,我们以低成本的故障无关方式学习了一些必要的故障赋值,其中内存需求也很低。进一步,从理论的角度出发,我们理论化了崩溃故障表大小的下界。在ISCAS85和ISCAS89全扫描版电路上的实验结果表明,我们的技术平均可以从目前最著名的故障崩溃引擎报告的故障列表中消除5%的故障。此外,我们的技术只消耗了最著名引擎所使用的2% -4%的内存,这也提供了2:3的平均加速!
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引用次数: 1
A New Double Data Rate(DDR) Dual-Mode Duobinary Transmitter Architecture 一种新的双数据速率(DDR)双模双二进制发射机结构
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.52
M. Sharad, V. Pasupureddi, P. Mandal
A conventional duo binary transmitter needs a clock frequency equal to transmission data rate and for high speed data transmission the clock frequency defines the transmission limit. In this work we propose a double data rate duo binary transmitter architecture. It uses a clock frequency half of the output data transmission rate and hence achieves double the transmission rate for a given clock frequency as compared to a conventional duo binary transmitter. In this architecture, duo binary precoder is integrated into the last stage of a tree structured serializer to combine two high speed NRZ data streams at half the output data rate. Two modes for the precoder have been incorporated into the design. The first mode is applicable for data transmission over copper back plane where the channel transfer characteristic is exploited to provide the duo binary spectral shaping and the transmitter performs duo binary precoding. In the second mode, filtering operation follows duo binary precoding at the transmitter and hence is applicable for optical transmission where the high bandwidth channel can not provide the required spectral shaping. A delay locked loop(DLL) based clock multiply unit(CMU) is employed to generate a high frequency, low jitter clock with 50% duty cycle needed for the realization of the proposed transmitter architecture. The design is implemented in 1.8-V, 0.18-?m Digital CMOS technology. The duo binary transmitter circuit works up-to 10-Gb/s speed and consumes 20-mW power.
传统的双二进制发射机需要一个等于传输数据速率的时钟频率,对于高速数据传输,时钟频率定义了传输限制。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种双数据速率双二进制发射机架构。它使用输出数据传输速率的时钟频率的一半,因此在给定的时钟频率下,与传统的双二进制发射机相比,实现了两倍的传输速率。在该体系结构中,二进制预编码器被集成到树结构序列化器的最后阶段,以一半的输出数据速率组合两个高速NRZ数据流。两种模式的预编码器已纳入设计。第一种模式适用于铜背板上的数据传输,其中利用信道传输特性提供双二进制频谱整形,发射机进行双二进制预编码。在第二种方式中,滤波操作在发送端遵循双二进制预编码,因此适用于高带宽信道无法提供所需频谱整形的光传输。采用基于延迟锁相环(DLL)的时钟乘单元(CMU)产生50%占空比的高频低抖动时钟,以实现所提出的发射机结构。该设计实现在1.8 v, 0.18-?m数字CMOS技术。双二进制传输电路的工作速度高达10gb /s,功耗为20mw。
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引用次数: 4
Multiple Fault Diagnosis Based on Multiple Fault Simulation Using Particle Swarm Optimization 基于粒子群优化的多故障模拟多故障诊断
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.34
Subhadip Kundu, S. Chattopadhyay, I. Sengupta, R. Kapur
Fault diagnosis is extremely important to ramp up the manufacturing yield and in some cases to reduce the product debug time as well. In this paper, we have proposed a novel technique to analyze multiple fault diagnosis based on multiple fault injection. Almost all the conventional fault diagnosis method simulate one fault (among the candidate faults) at a time and based on the number of failed patterns the fault can explain, a ranking is proposed for all candidate faults. But, a single fault injection cannot manifest the effect of multiple faults that are present in the actual failed circuit. Thus, in this paper, we have injected multiple faults simultaneously, and perform an effect-cause analysis to find the possible list of faults. Experimental results prove the validation of our approach as it has high diagnosability and resolution. The proposed method runs within moderate CPU time. We have been able to run simulations to diagnose upto 10 faults in a reasonable time. However, the scheme does not put any restrictions on the number of simultaneous faults.
故障诊断对于提高生产成品率以及在某些情况下减少产品调试时间至关重要。本文提出了一种基于多故障注入的多故障诊断分析方法。传统的故障诊断方法几乎都是一次模拟一个故障(候选故障中的一个),并根据故障可以解释的故障模式的数量对所有候选故障进行排序。但是,单个故障注入不能显示实际故障电路中存在的多个故障的影响。因此,在本文中,我们同时注入了多个故障,并进行了因果分析,以找到可能的故障列表。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性,具有较高的可诊断性和分辨率。该方法在适当的CPU时间内运行。我们已经能够运行模拟,在合理的时间内诊断多达10个故障。然而,该方案对同时故障的数量没有任何限制。
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引用次数: 17
Performance Comparison of Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated Using Different Purity Semiconducting Nanotubes 不同纯度半导体纳米管制备薄膜晶体管的性能比较
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.59
K. C. Narasimhamurthy, R. Paily
In this paper, fabrication and characterization of semi conducting nanotube thin-film transistors (SN-TFTs) using 90% and 95% purity semi conducting single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are presented. The wafer scale fabrication of SN-TFTs are carried out on 2 inch Si wafers. Pre-separated semi conducting SWCNTs are deposited on amino-silane treated Si/SiO2 surface. A simple method is suggested for silanization in order to improve the carbon nanotube density more than 30 nanotubes/¹m2. SN-TFTs fabricated using both 90% and 95% enriched semi conducting SWCNTs have exhibited p-type output characteristic with excellent linear and saturation region of operation along with high on-off current ratio and steep sub threshold slope.
本文介绍了用纯度为90%和95%的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)制备和表征半导体纳米管薄膜晶体管(SN-TFTs)。sn - tft的晶圆级制造是在2英寸硅晶圆上进行的。预分离的半导体SWCNTs沉积在氨基硅烷处理的Si/SiO2表面。为了将碳纳米管密度提高到30纳米管/¹m2以上,提出了一种简单的硅烷化方法。利用富集90%和95%的半导体SWCNTs制备的sn - tft具有p型输出特性,具有良好的线性和饱和工作区,高通断电流比和陡峭的亚阈值斜率。
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引用次数: 1
A SOI EEPROM Based Configuration Cell with Simple Scrubbing Detection 一种基于SOI EEPROM的配置单元,具有简单的擦洗检测
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.50
Kashfia Haque, P. Beckett
We present a Silicon-on-Insulator based circuit for use as configuration storage in a radiation hard reconfigurable system. A non-volatile storage cell, manufacturable in a standar single polysilicon SOI CMOS process with no special layers, is combined with a Schmitt sense amplifier such that the overall block exhibits two unique characteristics that enhance its resistance to radiation induced upsets. Firstly, it is impossible for a radiation-induced event to permanently flip the configuration state. Secondly, a partial de-programming resulting in a reduction in the magnitude of the storage cell voltage causes a large change in static current that can be very easily detected using a conventional sense amplifier. A memory correction (scrubbing) system that exploits this behavior is briefly described.
我们提出了一种基于绝缘体上硅的电路,用于辐射硬可重构系统的组态存储。非易失性存储单元,可在标准的单多晶硅SOI CMOS工艺中制造,没有特殊的层,与施密特感测放大器相结合,使得整个块具有两个独特的特性,增强了其对辐射诱导扰动的抵抗。首先,辐射引起的事件不可能永久地翻转构型状态。其次,部分反编程导致存储单元电压的幅度降低,导致静态电流的大变化,可以很容易地使用传统的感测放大器检测到。简要描述了一种利用这种行为的记忆修正(清除)系统。
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引用次数: 3
Accurate Estimation of Signal Currents for Reliability Analysis Considering Advanced Waveform-Shape Effects 考虑先进波形形状效应的可靠度分析中信号电流的精确估计
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.61
Palkesh Jain, Ankit Jain
In this work we propose an improved and efficient method for static estimation of average and root-mean-square currents used for electro migration (EM) reliability analysis. Significantly different from the state-of-the-art, the proposed method gives closed-form expressions for average and root mean-square currents in one complete cycle. The method, additionally, handles the asymmetric nature of the rise and fall current waveforms. We further present a detailed comparison of the proposed method with other conventional approaches and outline the inadequacies of using prevalent EM-severity metrics: either the net’s lumped capacitance or the net’s effective capacitance, along with the regular timing slew. As a correction, and, application of proposed method, we provide formulations for deriving the effective ‘EM’ slew, which can be used with conventional static approaches to accurately compute the currents. Additionally, unlike conventional understanding, for the first time, we note that not just the RMS current, but even the total charge transfer, and therefore the average current can also be dependent on the current waveform type and net’s electrical properties. We propose formulations to account for this behavior of average current. Finally, we share model validation results with respect to actual SPICE simulations from heavily loaded and/or high fan-out nets operating at high frequency from a production 40nm design. The method enables still higher performance of a design, which was otherwise optimized for an originally lower frequency target using conventional approaches.
在这项工作中,我们提出了一种改进的、有效的方法来静态估计用于电迁移(EM)可靠性分析的平均电流和均方根电流。与目前的方法显著不同的是,该方法给出了一个完整周期内平均电流和均方根电流的封闭表达式。此外,该方法还处理了上升和下降电流波形的不对称性质。我们进一步对所提出的方法与其他传统方法进行了详细的比较,并概述了使用流行的电磁严重性指标的不足之处:无论是网络的集总电容还是网络的有效电容,以及常规的时序转换。作为对所提出方法的修正和应用,我们提供了推导有效“EM”摆的公式,该公式可与传统的静态方法一起使用,以准确计算电流。此外,与传统的理解不同,我们第一次注意到,不仅是均数电流,甚至是总电荷转移,因此平均电流也可以依赖于电流波形类型和网络的电气特性。我们提出了一些公式来解释平均电流的这种行为。最后,我们分享了实际SPICE模拟的模型验证结果,这些模拟来自高负载和/或高扇出网络,从生产40nm设计中运行在高频下。该方法可以实现更高的设计性能,否则使用传统方法可以针对原本较低频率的目标进行优化。
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引用次数: 2
Modeling the Effect of Gate Fringing and Dopant Redistribution on the Inverse Narrow Width Effect of Narrow Channel Shallow Trench Isolated MOSFETs 栅极条纹和掺杂重分布对窄沟道浅沟槽隔离mosfet反窄宽效应的影响建模
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.16
S. Pandit, C. Sarkar
This paper presents an analytical physics-based model for width dependence of threshold voltage of nano-scale MOSFETs. Shallow trench isolated MOSFETs have been considered in the 90 nm and 65 nm technology nodes. The combined effect of gate fringing field and do pant redistribution has been considered for developing the model. The trench oxide parasitic capacitance is evaluated by conformal mapping technique and is then used to determine the width-dependent threshold voltage shift. The developed model has been validated by comparing the results predicted from the derived model with experimental data, simulation data and also with a similar model available in literature. It has been demonstrated that our model predicts more correctly the inverse narrow width effect on threshold voltage of nano-scale devices compared to the existing model.
本文提出了一种基于解析物理的纳米mosfet阈值电压宽度依赖性模型。在90 nm和65 nm技术节点上考虑了浅沟槽隔离mosfet。模型的建立考虑了栅极边缘场和栅极重分布的共同作用。通过保角映射技术评估沟槽氧化物寄生电容,然后用于确定宽度相关的阈值电压位移。通过与实验数据、仿真数据以及文献中类似模型的比较,验证了所建立模型的正确性。结果表明,与现有模型相比,我们的模型更准确地预测了纳米级器件阈值电压的逆窄宽度效应。
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引用次数: 5
Improved Timing Windows Overlap Check Using Statistical Timing Analysis 改进的定时窗重叠检查使用统计定时分析
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.21
Sachin Shrivastava, H. Parameswaran
To reduce pessimism in cross talk analysis, a key technique that is employed is the use of timing windows. However, timing windows are associated with corners, hence the use of a single corner timing windows during analysis can lead to optimism. Alternately if the timings windows from best and worst corners are combined to create a wider window, it can lead to excessive pessimism. We propose an approach based on parametrized statistical timing analysis modeling to overcome the shortcomings of the existing approaches, and to account for process variations in the defnition of timing windows. We show that this approach can overcome both the issues in the current approaches.
为了减少串音分析中的悲观情绪,采用的一项关键技术是使用定时窗。然而,定时窗口与角相关联,因此在分析期间使用单个角定时窗口可以导致乐观。另外,如果将最佳和最差角落的时间窗口组合在一起,形成一个更宽的窗口,则可能导致过度悲观。本文提出了一种基于参数化统计时序分析建模的方法,以克服现有方法的不足,并考虑时序窗定义中的过程变化。我们表明,这种方法可以克服当前方法中的两个问题。
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引用次数: 6
Improving Android Performance and Energy Efficiency 提高Android的性能和能源效率
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.63
T. K. Kundu, K. Paul
Mobile devices and embedded devices need more processing power but energy consumption should be less to save battery power. Google has released an open source platform Android for mobile devices. Android uses new power management framework to save power in mobile devices. Android developers are allowed to build only JAVA applications. In this work, we present benefits of using Android in low power embedded devices. We compared Android JAVA performance with popular Sun embedded JVM running on top of Angstrom linux. Our work shows that Android can be made more energy efficient by improving performance of JAVA applications. We developed a JAVA DSP framework which allows Android JAVA applications to use both ARM & DSP parallely and thus improves performance. We also showed, Android can be made more energy efficient by using our developed framework.
移动设备和嵌入式设备需要更多的处理能力,但能量消耗应该更少,以节省电池电量。谷歌发布了面向移动设备的开源平台Android。Android使用新的电源管理框架来节省移动设备的电源。Android开发人员只允许构建JAVA应用程序。在这项工作中,我们展示了在低功耗嵌入式设备中使用Android的好处。我们比较了Android JAVA和运行在Angstrom linux之上的Sun嵌入式JVM的性能。我们的工作表明,通过改进JAVA应用程序的性能,Android可以变得更加节能。我们开发了一个JAVA DSP框架,允许Android JAVA应用程序同时使用ARM和DSP,从而提高性能。我们还展示了,通过使用我们开发的框架,Android可以变得更加节能。
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引用次数: 17
Statistical Simulation and Modeling of Nano-scale CMOS VCO Using Artificial Neural Network 基于人工神经网络的纳米级CMOS压控振荡器统计仿真与建模
Pub Date : 2011-01-02 DOI: 10.1109/VLSID.2011.28
S. Mandal, Soumya Pandit
The variation of intra-die process parameters play a significant role in determining the yield of an analog/RF circuit. This paper presents statistical results demonstrating the effect of variations of process parameters on a nano-scale CMOS voltage controlled oscillator circuit. A statistical model relating the process parameter variations and the performance variations has been constructed using artificial neural network. The constructed model shows accuracy similar to that obtained though Monte Carlo analysis technique, however, consuming much less time.
模内工艺参数的变化对模拟/射频电路的成品率有重要影响。本文给出了工艺参数变化对纳米级CMOS压控振荡器电路影响的统计结果。利用人工神经网络建立了工艺参数变化与性能变化的统计模型。所构建的模型具有与蒙特卡罗分析技术相似的精度,但所耗费的时间要少得多。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2011 24th Internatioal Conference on VLSI Design
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