Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100861
Mohamed El-Sayed M. Essa , Hemdan S. El-sayed , Elwy E. El-kholy , Mohammed Amer , Mahmoud Elsisi , Uzair Sajjad , Khalid Hamid , Hilmy El-sayed Awad
The growing global demand for fresh water, coupled with the environmental impact of conventional desalination technologies, underscores the urgent need for more sustainable, energy-efficient solutions. This review provides an updated and comprehensive analysis of solar-driven desalination systems, focusing on the integration of photovoltaic (PV) and thermal (T) technologies (PV/T). It presents recent advancements in both direct and indirect solar desalination methods, highlighting how PV/T integration can enhance energy efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and improve system scalability. The paper also explores cutting-edge optimization techniques and rule-based control algorithms that significantly enhance operational performance. Compared to previous reviews, this paper offers a more detailed examination of emerging trends and addresses gaps in current research, particularly in the integration of PV/T systems. By synthesizing the latest technological developments, this review provides critical insights into the future of solar desalination, offering a clear path forward for sustainable water production and addressing global water scarcity.
{"title":"Developments in solar-driven desalination: Technologies, photovoltaic integration, and processes","authors":"Mohamed El-Sayed M. Essa , Hemdan S. El-sayed , Elwy E. El-kholy , Mohammed Amer , Mahmoud Elsisi , Uzair Sajjad , Khalid Hamid , Hilmy El-sayed Awad","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global demand for fresh water, coupled with the environmental impact of conventional desalination technologies, underscores the urgent need for more sustainable, energy-efficient solutions. This review provides an updated and comprehensive analysis of solar-driven desalination systems, focusing on the integration of photovoltaic (PV) and thermal (T) technologies (PV/T). It presents recent advancements in both direct and indirect solar desalination methods, highlighting how PV/T integration can enhance energy efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and improve system scalability. The paper also explores cutting-edge optimization techniques and rule-based control algorithms that significantly enhance operational performance. Compared to previous reviews, this paper offers a more detailed examination of emerging trends and addresses gaps in current research, particularly in the integration of PV/T systems. By synthesizing the latest technological developments, this review provides critical insights into the future of solar desalination, offering a clear path forward for sustainable water production and addressing global water scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100861"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100853
Tharun Roshan Kumar , Johanna Beiron , V.R. Reddy Marthala , Lars Pettersson , Simon Harvey , Henrik Thunman
Decarbonizing carbon-intensive industries requires increased co-location and integration of decarbonization technologies at existing sites to meet net-zero CO2 emissions targets. Pinch-based energy targeting methods are commonly applied to evaluate the energy performance of competing decarbonization options. However, these methods are restricted to process modifications in heat-transfer processes and are also inadequate for investigating process electrification as a decarbonization measure. This work presents an alternative exergy-based approach within a framework that aims to maximize exergy utilization and CO2 emissions avoidance within industrial processes retrofitted with decarbonization technologies. The framework combines an iterative exergy-pinch analysis with techno-economic analysis to identify promising process modifications. The framework is demonstrated through a propane dehydrogenation (PDH) plant case study, which presents significant challenges for end-of-pipe CO2 capture due to the highly diluted flue gases (2.5 vol% CO2). The results illustrate how the identified process modifications lead to a substantial reduction in the CO2 avoidance costs (55–71 €/tCO2), approximately 54–67% lower than those for CO2 capture from an unmodified PDH process (155–167 €/tCO2). This reduction is achieved by integrating an industrial gas turbine into the PDH process, utilizing its exhaust gases as regeneration air to pre-concentrate the CO2 in the flue gases up to 5.5 vol% before entering the CO2 capture plant. The proposed configuration reduces the specific energy requirement for CO2 capture by 11%, improves exergy efficiency by 15%, and achieves a substantially higher CO2 avoidance (56%), due to the low-carbon electricity generated, compared to CO2 capture from an unmodified PDH process.
{"title":"Combining exergy-pinch and techno-economic analyses for identifying feasible decarbonization opportunities in carbon-intensive process industry: Case study of a propylene production technology","authors":"Tharun Roshan Kumar , Johanna Beiron , V.R. Reddy Marthala , Lars Pettersson , Simon Harvey , Henrik Thunman","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decarbonizing carbon-intensive industries requires increased co-location and integration of decarbonization technologies at existing sites to meet net-zero CO<sub>2</sub> emissions targets. Pinch-based energy targeting methods are commonly applied to evaluate the energy performance of competing decarbonization options. However, these methods are restricted to process modifications in heat-transfer processes and are also inadequate for investigating process electrification as a decarbonization measure. This work presents an alternative exergy-based approach within a framework that aims to maximize exergy utilization and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions avoidance within industrial processes retrofitted with decarbonization technologies. The framework combines an iterative exergy-pinch analysis with techno-economic analysis to identify promising process modifications. The framework is demonstrated through a propane dehydrogenation (PDH) plant case study, which presents significant challenges for end-of-pipe CO<sub>2</sub> capture due to the highly diluted flue gases (2.5 vol% CO<sub>2</sub>). The results illustrate how the identified process modifications lead to a substantial reduction in the CO<sub>2</sub> avoidance costs (55–71 €/tCO<sub>2</sub>), approximately 54–67% lower than those for CO<sub>2</sub> capture from an unmodified PDH process (155–167 €/tCO<sub>2</sub>). This reduction is achieved by integrating an industrial gas turbine into the PDH process, utilizing its exhaust gases as regeneration air to pre-concentrate the CO<sub>2</sub> in the flue gases up to 5.5 vol% before entering the CO<sub>2</sub> capture plant. The proposed configuration reduces the specific energy requirement for CO<sub>2</sub> capture by 11%, improves exergy efficiency by 15%, and achieves a substantially higher CO<sub>2</sub> avoidance (56%), due to the low-carbon electricity generated, compared to CO<sub>2</sub> capture from an unmodified PDH process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100853"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100875
Zahidul Islam Rony, M.G. Rasul, M.I. Jahirul, M.M. Hasan
Recent increase in production of organic wastes is a significant issue worldwide because their disposal to landfill creates adverse impact to the environment. Rather, they can be converted to energy products through thermochemical conversion processes. Pyrolysis is one of the efficient thermochemical conversion processes for producing for energy products from solid waste. This study investigates the production of pyrolysis oils from diverse organic wastes—macadamia nutshell (MNS), municipal green waste (MGW), beauty leaf fruit husk (BLFH), and seaweed—highlighting their potential as alternative fuels. The feedstocks were characterised by thermogravimetric and CHNS analysis, and thermal pyrolysis was carried out in a 20L batch reactor. The maximum oil yields were obtained by optimising pyrolysis conditions, such as a temperature (400 – 550 °C), residence time (60 min), and a feedstock particle size (1.5 mm). Seaweed and BLFH showed their highest yields of 42.93 % and 42.75 % at 475 °C, respectively, MGW peaked at 447 °C with oil yield of 44.72 %, and MNS at peaked at 500 °C with oil yield of 45.09 %. Chemical and physical analysis through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and physicochemical and elemental analysis, revealed the presence of oxygenated chemicals, aromatic compounds, and phenolic compounds, with calorific values ranging between 18–20 MJ/kg. Despite their promising energy content, the oils exhibited higher density and viscosity than standard automobile fuels, indicating the need for further refining of oil to meet engine compatibility. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing pyrolysis processes and assessing the viability of waste-derived oils as sustainable fuel sources.
{"title":"Properties of pyrolysis oils derived from different organic wastes for assessing their suitability for engine fuel","authors":"Zahidul Islam Rony, M.G. Rasul, M.I. Jahirul, M.M. Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent increase in production of organic wastes is a significant issue worldwide because their disposal to landfill creates adverse impact to the environment. Rather, they can be converted to energy products through thermochemical conversion processes. Pyrolysis is one of the efficient thermochemical conversion processes for producing for energy products from solid waste. This study investigates the production of pyrolysis oils from diverse organic wastes—macadamia nutshell (MNS), municipal green waste (MGW), beauty leaf fruit husk (BLFH), and seaweed—highlighting their potential as alternative fuels. The feedstocks were characterised by thermogravimetric and CHNS analysis, and thermal pyrolysis was carried out in a 20L batch reactor. The maximum oil yields were obtained by optimising pyrolysis conditions, such as a temperature (400 – 550 °C), residence time (60 min), and a feedstock particle size (1.5 mm). Seaweed and BLFH showed their highest yields of 42.93 % and 42.75 % at 475 °C, respectively, MGW peaked at 447 °C with oil yield of 44.72 %, and MNS at peaked at 500 °C with oil yield of 45.09 %. Chemical and physical analysis through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and physicochemical and elemental analysis, revealed the presence of oxygenated chemicals, aromatic compounds, and phenolic compounds, with calorific values ranging between 18–20 MJ/kg. Despite their promising energy content, the oils exhibited higher density and viscosity than standard automobile fuels, indicating the need for further refining of oil to meet engine compatibility. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing pyrolysis processes and assessing the viability of waste-derived oils as sustainable fuel sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100875"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100795
Uzair Sajjad , Yu-Hao Chu , Haseeb Yaqoob , Akash Sengupta , Hafiz Muhammad Ali , Khalid Hamid , Wei-Mon Yan
To predict the bubble departure diameter in pool boiling heat transfer, this study proposes a deep-learning neural network based on physical input parameters from the existing bubble departure diameter predicting correlations and Pearson correlation for a variety of working fluids, engineered surfaces, and materials subjected to different pool boiling testing conditions. This work analyzes nearly 5,000 data points (from the literature) of bubble departure diameters ranging from 0.2-28.7 mm using neural network by incorporating the impactful input parameters such as saturation temperature, pressure, contact angle, surface roughness, surface tension, liquid density, vapor density, wall superheat, and heat flux, and other thermophysical properties, predicting their impact on the bubble departure diameter, and also uses them for training neural networks. The best neural network designated as Case-4, selected on the basis of coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean-square error (MSE) was used to understand the degree of influence of each input parameter and it was found that surface inclination (θ) and heat flux (Q) have the highest impact on the model. A comparison was also done to the existing correlations and it was found that neural networks have much better efficiency and accuracy than the empirical correlations for the considered data range and thus can be an essential tool to predict the bubble diameter.
{"title":"Physics-based parameters selection and machine learning driven prediction of pool boiling bubble departure diameter","authors":"Uzair Sajjad , Yu-Hao Chu , Haseeb Yaqoob , Akash Sengupta , Hafiz Muhammad Ali , Khalid Hamid , Wei-Mon Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To predict the bubble departure diameter in pool boiling heat transfer, this study proposes a deep-learning neural network based on physical input parameters from the existing bubble departure diameter predicting correlations and Pearson correlation for a variety of working fluids, engineered surfaces, and materials subjected to different pool boiling testing conditions. This work analyzes nearly 5,000 data points (from the literature) of bubble departure diameters ranging from 0.2-28.7 mm using neural network by incorporating the impactful input parameters such as saturation temperature, pressure, contact angle, surface roughness, surface tension, liquid density, vapor density, wall superheat, and heat flux, and other thermophysical properties, predicting their impact on the bubble departure diameter, and also uses them for training neural networks. The best neural network designated as Case-4, selected on the basis of coefficient of determination (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em>), mean absolute error (<em>MAE</em>), and mean-square error (<em>MSE</em>) was used to understand the degree of influence of each input parameter and it was found that surface inclination (<em>θ)</em> and heat flux (<em>Q)</em> have the highest impact on the model. A comparison was also done to the existing correlations and it was found that neural networks have much better efficiency and accuracy than the empirical correlations for the considered data range and thus can be an essential tool to predict the bubble diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100795"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100839
Clément Cabot , Manuel Villavicencio
Decision makers and private investors impacted by the evolution of the carbon price should limit risks associated with investments in decarbonised options, notably for electrified options. This research demonstrates that considering only static future power prices and carbon content might be insufficient when accelerated sectoral electrification effort is foreseen. To illustrate the phenomenon, this research focuses on the conditions and the extent of electrification in decarbonising the chemical sector in Central-West Europe. Specifically, energy transition pathways until 2050 are considered for the power and the chemical sectors using a novel co-optimisation model, minimising the net present cost of both sectors and considering different carbon price scenarios and deployment rates. The findings indicate that not accounting for the power sector constraints when assessing the chemical sector’s transition pathways overestimates greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential and underestimates the net present cost by 3% in some scenarios. The results hold in scenarios considering carbon capture technologies. Overall, this research highlights the importance of upstream power sector investments in evaluating preferred pathways for GHG reduction in downstream sectors. Potential welfare losses are found in the case of transition pace asymmetry between the two sectors or resulting from imperfect anticipation of the respective decarbonisation trajectory of each sector.
{"title":"What pace for direct electrification? Insights from co-optimised pathways in the European chemical and power sector","authors":"Clément Cabot , Manuel Villavicencio","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decision makers and private investors impacted by the evolution of the carbon price should limit risks associated with investments in decarbonised options, notably for electrified options. This research demonstrates that considering only static future power prices and carbon content might be insufficient when accelerated sectoral electrification effort is foreseen. To illustrate the phenomenon, this research focuses on the conditions and the extent of electrification in decarbonising the chemical sector in Central-West Europe. Specifically, energy transition pathways until 2050 are considered for the power and the chemical sectors using a novel co-optimisation model, minimising the net present cost of both sectors and considering different carbon price scenarios and deployment rates. The findings indicate that not accounting for the power sector constraints when assessing the chemical sector’s transition pathways overestimates greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential and underestimates the net present cost by 3% in some scenarios. The results hold in scenarios considering carbon capture technologies. Overall, this research highlights the importance of upstream power sector investments in evaluating preferred pathways for GHG reduction in downstream sectors. Potential welfare losses are found in the case of transition pace asymmetry between the two sectors or resulting from imperfect anticipation of the respective decarbonisation trajectory of each sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a detailed energy, exergy, and economic analysis of an integrated solar power system combining a Parabolic Trough Collector, an Organic Rankine Cycle, and a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Ejector Refrigeration Cycle. The goal is to assess the system’s thermodynamic performance and economic viability, with an emphasis on optimizing efficiency and minimizing costs. A comprehensive thermodynamic model was used to evaluate the performance of key components, including the Parabolic Trough Collector, Organic Rankine Cycle turbine, Heat Recovery Vapor Generators, Recuperator, and Ejector. The findings reveal an energy efficiency of 25.1 % and an exergy efficiency of 12.67 %. The system’s net power output is 258.9 kW, with a total exergy destruction of 2333 kW. The operational cost is 3.752 USD per hour, underscoring the economic considerations of the system. These results offer valuable insights that can guide the development of more sustainable and cost-effective power generation technologies.
{"title":"Energy, exergy, and economic performance analysis of integrated parabolic trough collector with organic rankine cycle and ejector refrigeration cycle","authors":"Hamid Hawi Ogaili , Shahram Khalilarya , Ata Chitsaz , Parisa Mojaver","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a detailed energy, exergy, and economic analysis of an integrated solar power system combining a Parabolic Trough Collector, an Organic Rankine Cycle, and a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Ejector Refrigeration Cycle. The goal is to assess the system’s thermodynamic performance and economic viability, with an emphasis on optimizing efficiency and minimizing costs. A comprehensive thermodynamic model was used to evaluate the performance of key components, including the Parabolic Trough Collector, Organic Rankine Cycle turbine, Heat Recovery Vapor Generators, Recuperator, and Ejector. The findings reveal an energy efficiency of 25.1 % and an exergy efficiency of 12.67 %. The system’s net power output is 258.9 kW, with a total exergy destruction of 2333 kW. The operational cost is 3.752 USD per hour, underscoring the economic considerations of the system. These results offer valuable insights that can guide the development of more sustainable and cost-effective power generation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100877
Shen-Haw Ju, Yi-Chen Huang
The integration of multiple floating wind turbines poses complex challenges, particularly under large wave loads. This study analyzed the Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) platform with multiple wind turbines, which integrates OpenFAST with Newmark’s finite element analysis. A novel method for calculating the floating stiffness and member forces of beam elements was developed and validated, thereby demonstrating both accuracy and efficiency. Key findings include the effective performance of the yaw system in automatically aligning with the wind direction, significantly reducing rotor blade-induced wind loads, especially in dynamic conditions like tropical cyclones. The analysis also explores the cost implications for FOWT platforms, revealing that while the steel weight per MW power is comparable for platforms with one or two turbines, it increases substantially for three-turbine platforms due to the need for larger and more robust supports. Additionally, increasing the number of turbines can reduce the weight of pontoons and towers, yet this advantage is tempered by the increased weight of the connection supports. Therefore, optimizing the balance between platform size and turbine number is crucial for cost-effectiveness and structural integrity.
{"title":"Study on multiple wind turbines in a platform under extreme waves and wind loads","authors":"Shen-Haw Ju, Yi-Chen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of multiple floating wind turbines poses complex challenges, particularly under large wave loads. This study analyzed the Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) platform with multiple wind turbines, which integrates OpenFAST with Newmark’s finite element analysis. A novel method for calculating the floating stiffness and member forces of beam elements was developed and validated, thereby demonstrating both accuracy and efficiency. Key findings include the effective performance of the yaw system in automatically aligning with the wind direction, significantly reducing rotor blade-induced wind loads, especially in dynamic conditions like tropical cyclones. The analysis also explores the cost implications for FOWT platforms, revealing that while the steel weight per MW power is comparable for platforms with one or two turbines, it increases substantially for three-turbine platforms due to the need for larger and more robust supports. Additionally, increasing the number of turbines can reduce the weight of pontoons and towers, yet this advantage is tempered by the increased weight of the connection supports. Therefore, optimizing the balance between platform size and turbine number is crucial for cost-effectiveness and structural integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100837
Fatemeh Salmanpour , Hossein Yousefi , Mehdi Ehsan
While Renewable Energies (REs) are not cost-effective in Iran yet, making changes in the structure of the energy system under a long-term energy plan could offer a suitable solution for a more sustainable system. In this paper, energy planning conducted for the case study of Iran. The main goal of this study is to provide a practical solution that can reduce emissions and costs, in addition to meeting the demands of different sectors including electricity, household, transportation, and industry. In this regard, five scenarios designed and analyzed with a focus on the share of REs, the efficiency of power plants, and the capacity of combined cycle power plants. In this modeling, the share of Res including wind and solar in electricity production increased from 0.2 % to 3.3 %. The average efficiency of Iran’s power plants increased from 37 % to 40.5 %, and the share of combined cycle power plants of the total thermal power plants increased from 35 % to 50 % from 2016 to 2050. The results of the cost analysis showed that applying the integrated scenario of REs and combined cycles would be effective in the reduction of total annual cost, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and fossil fuel consumption. The average saved cost by integrated scenario is about $8.7 billion over 30 years compared to the business as usual (BAU). Also, the reduction in fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emission is 294.74 TWh and 65 million tons of CO2, respectively.
{"title":"A scenario-based modelling for the long-term energy planning based on efficient energy Use, economic and environmental emission reduction on national scale: A case study Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Salmanpour , Hossein Yousefi , Mehdi Ehsan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While Renewable Energies (REs) are not cost-effective in Iran yet, making changes in the structure of the energy system under a long-term energy plan could offer a suitable solution for a more sustainable system. In this paper, energy planning conducted for the case study of Iran. The main goal of this study is to provide a practical solution that can reduce emissions and costs, in addition to meeting the demands of different sectors<!--> <!-->including<!--> <!-->electricity, household, transportation, and industry. In this regard, five scenarios designed and analyzed with a focus on the share of REs, the efficiency of power plants, and the capacity of combined cycle power plants. In this modeling, the share of Res including wind and solar<!--> <!-->in<!--> <!-->electricity production increased from 0.2 % to 3.3 %. The average efficiency of Iran’s power plants increased from 37 % to 40.5 %, and the share of combined cycle power plants of the total thermal power plants increased from 35 % to 50 % from 2016 to 2050.<!--> <!-->The<!--> <!-->results of the cost analysis showed that applying the integrated scenario of REs and combined cycles would<!--> <!-->be effective in the reduction of total annual cost, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and fossil fuel consumption. The average saved cost by integrated scenario is about $8.7 billion over 30 years compared to the business as usual (BAU). Also, the reduction in fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emission is 294.74 TWh and 65 million tons of CO2, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100837"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The on-going search for increasingly sustainable and efficient thermal energy management across a wide range of sectors leads to continuous exploration of innovative solutions. In this context, phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as key solutions for thermal energy storage and reuse, offering versatility in addressing contemporary energy challenges. Through this review, we offer a comprehensive critical analysis of the latest developments in PCMs-based technology and their emerging applications within energy systems. First, the conducted investigation highlights the most important drivers stimulating the use of PCMs, namely, the miniaturization of electronic devices, the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources, and the urge to design smart buildings and textiles. Here, we therefore discuss the integration of PCMs into electronic systems characterized by high heat fluxes, lithium-ion batteries, solar energy systems (including photovoltaic, desalination systems), building materials and textiles to offer wearable solutions for enhanced thermal comfort. Outlining around 100 various cases, PCMs emerge as particularly suitable to ensure optimal operating temperature ranges, to extend lifespan of the devices and ultimately to improve overall system energy efficiency. Beyond potential, challenges such as material leakage, long-term durability, and cost-effectiveness are discussed. By focusing on literature post-2022, the proposed review aims to condense the latest numerical and experimental research findings, spotlight emerging trends, and identify challenges to promote broader and long-term adoption of PCM-based systems. By providing a holistic perspective on PCM applications, we emphasize their potential in achieving sustainable and efficient energy management and provide insights to encourage future cross-disciplinary research and innovation.
{"title":"Trending applications of Phase Change Materials in sustainable thermal engineering: An up-to-date review","authors":"Matteo Morciano , Matteo Fasano , Eliodoro Chiavazzo , Luigi Mongibello","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The on-going search for increasingly sustainable and efficient thermal energy management across a wide range of sectors leads to continuous exploration of innovative solutions. In this context, phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as key solutions for thermal energy storage and reuse, offering versatility in addressing contemporary energy challenges. Through this review, we offer a comprehensive critical analysis of the latest developments in PCMs-based technology and their emerging applications within energy systems. First, the conducted investigation highlights the most important drivers stimulating the use of PCMs, namely, the miniaturization of electronic devices, the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources, and the urge to design smart buildings and textiles. Here, we therefore discuss the integration of PCMs into electronic systems characterized by high heat fluxes, lithium-ion batteries, solar energy systems (including photovoltaic, desalination systems), building materials and textiles to offer wearable solutions for enhanced thermal comfort. Outlining around 100 various cases, PCMs emerge as particularly suitable to ensure optimal operating temperature ranges, to extend lifespan of the devices and ultimately to improve overall system energy efficiency. Beyond potential, challenges such as material leakage, long-term durability, and cost-effectiveness are discussed. By focusing on literature post-2022, the proposed review aims to condense the latest numerical and experimental research findings, spotlight emerging trends, and identify challenges to promote broader and long-term adoption of PCM-based systems. By providing a holistic perspective on PCM applications, we emphasize their potential in achieving sustainable and efficient energy management and provide insights to encourage future cross-disciplinary research and innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100851
Vahid Nourmohammadi , Mohammad Hossein Jahangir
This study investigates the enhancement of electrical performance in Low Concentrated Photovoltaic (LCPV) systems through a novel approach integrating indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). Traditional LCPV systems often face efficiency challenges due to excessive panel temperatures, which lead to reduced power output and potential thermal damage. While various cooling methods have been explored, this study innovates by employing a simple and cost-effective IEC method, capable of significantly reducing panel surface temperature without requiring complex infrastructure. A unique experimental setup was designed to assess cooling performance across a wide temperature range (30 °C to 70 °C), with the system employing a water bag and low-energy fan to maximize evaporative cooling. The results show that, under IEC, the LCPV panel’s surface temperature was reduced by more than 60 °C, achieving safe operating levels even under concentrated sunlight. This temperature control led to an increase in power output of over 50 % and an efficiency improvement from 5.56 % to 9.97 %, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed cooling method. Additionally, this study proposes a combined IEC-desalination system that uses the humidified air from the cooling process to produce potable water, offering a dual benefit in both energy generation and water purification. This integrated IEC approach presents a promising advancement for LCPV technology, with implications for sustainable energy solutions in high-temperature environments. The findings underscore the potential for IEC not only to boost solar panel efficiency but also to create multifunctional systems that address both energy and water scarcity challenges.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of indirect evaporative cooling capacity for electrical performance optimization of a CPV system","authors":"Vahid Nourmohammadi , Mohammad Hossein Jahangir","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the enhancement of electrical performance in Low Concentrated Photovoltaic (LCPV) systems through a novel approach integrating indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). Traditional LCPV systems often face efficiency challenges due to excessive panel temperatures, which lead to reduced power output and potential thermal damage. While various cooling methods have been explored, this study innovates by employing a simple and cost-effective IEC method, capable of significantly reducing panel surface temperature without requiring complex infrastructure. A unique experimental setup was designed to assess cooling performance across a wide temperature range (30 °C to 70 °C), with the system employing a water bag and low-energy fan to maximize evaporative cooling. The results show that, under IEC, the LCPV panel’s surface temperature was reduced by more than 60 °C, achieving safe operating levels even under concentrated sunlight. This temperature control led to an increase in power output of over 50 % and an efficiency improvement from 5.56 % to 9.97 %, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed cooling method. Additionally, this study proposes a combined IEC-desalination system that uses the humidified air from the cooling process to produce potable water, offering a dual benefit in both energy generation and water purification. This integrated IEC approach presents a promising advancement for LCPV technology, with implications for sustainable energy solutions in high-temperature environments. The findings underscore the potential for IEC not only to boost solar panel efficiency but also to create multifunctional systems that address both energy and water scarcity challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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