Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献_第4页

Design and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar-Wind Tree System with IoT based Real-Time Monitoring in Bangladesh 孟加拉国基于物联网实时监测的混合太阳能风树系统设计与性能分析

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101566

Arman Jahan Eva, Al Amin, Md Nasir Uddin, Tamim Ahmed, Abu Anas Nasim, Md Sahadat Hossain Sani, Md Shamsul Arefin

The global transition toward renewable energy has intensified interest in hybrid energy solutions that combine solar and wind power to enhance sustainability and reliability. Several studies have examined such integrated systems, however, most existing designs remain expensive, visually unsuitable for public spaces, and lack real-time monitoring or optimization capabilities, particularly in developing nations such as Bangladesh. Despite Bangladesh’s favorable solar irradiance and moderate wind potential, rural and urban public areas lack an efficient, decorative, and smart energy infrastructure. To address this gap, we propose a novel IoT-enabled hybrid solar wind energy tree tailored for public and rural settings in Bangladesh. Unlike conventional solutions, our proposed design integrates both energy sources into a visually appealing and self-sustaining structure capable of live monitoring and remote management. The system uses low-cost hardware (Arduino Nano, ESP8266, INA226 sensors) and simulation tools (COMSOL Multiphysics for structural integrity, HOMER Pro for cost analysis and MATLAB Simulink for performance modeling) using MPPT. A prototype was implemented for economic evaluation under site-specific conditions in Rajbari, Bangladesh (23°40.8′N, 89°31.3′E) demonstrating a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) $0.11/kWh to $0.18/kWh for a single unit, which is approximately 50% lower than a standalone solar system. The community-scale configuration achieved a daily energy generation of up to 165 kWh under optimal conditions with an LCOE of $0.2997/kWh. This integrated solution offers a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly pathway to decentralized energy access in developing regions.

随着全球向可再生能源的转变，人们对结合太阳能和风能以提高可持续性和可靠性的混合能源解决方案的兴趣日益浓厚。然而，大多数现有的设计仍然昂贵，视觉上不适合公共空间，缺乏实时监控或优化能力，特别是在孟加拉国等发展中国家。尽管孟加拉国拥有良好的太阳辐照度和中等风力潜力，但农村和城市公共区域缺乏高效、美观和智能的能源基础设施。为了解决这一差距，我们提出了一种为孟加拉国公共和农村环境量身定制的新型物联网混合太阳能风能树。与传统解决方案不同，我们提出的设计将两种能源整合到一个具有视觉吸引力和自我维持能力的结构中，能够实时监控和远程管理。该系统采用低成本硬件（Arduino Nano, ESP8266， INA226传感器）和仿真工具（COMSOL Multiphysics用于结构完整性，HOMER Pro用于成本分析，MATLAB Simulink用于性能建模），使用MPPT。在孟加拉国Rajbari（23°40.8'N, 89°31.3'E）的特定条件下实施了一个原型进行经济评估，表明单个单元的平准化能源成本（LCOE）为0.11美元/千瓦时至0.18美元/千瓦时，比独立太阳能系统低约50%。在最佳条件下，社区规模的配置实现了高达165千瓦时的日发电量，LCOE为0.2997美元/千瓦时。这一综合解决方案为发展中地区的分散式能源获取提供了一条可扩展、具有成本效益和环境友好的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Wind variability and its effect on transmission line capacity estimation 风变率及其对输电线路容量估计的影响

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101633

Nika Mlinarič Hribar , Matjaž Depolli , Gregor Kosec

Transmission line ampere capacity, i.e. ampacity, can be determined in real time using dynamic thermal rating (DTR). Standard DTR systems rely on weather data averaged over multi-minute windows. While sufficient for most weather parameters, this approach can introduce considerable inaccuracies due to short-term variability of both wind speed and direction.

This study investigates the inaccuracies using high-resolution (1-second) wind measurements from an in-service transmission line. We evaluate two commonly used wind-averaging methods and show that variability in wind direction and the relative angle of wind crucially influence the results. In spans with parallel wind, which are often critical spans, i.e. spans that limit the ampacity of the whole line, averaged data commonly underestimates ampacity by more than 10%, with the maximum observed underestimation being over 45%. On the other hand, in perpendicular wind scenarios, averaging may lead to overestimation (by up to 25%), raising operational safety concerns.

For transmission system operators, incorporating wind-angle sensitivity and leveraging higher-resolution measurements where feasible can improve ampacity accuracy, enhance grid reliability, and unlock additional transfer capacity — contributing to more efficient and secure energy system operation.

传输线的安培容量，即容量，可以使用动态热额定值（DTR）实时确定。标准的DTR系统依赖于多分钟窗口的平均天气数据。虽然这种方法对大多数天气参数来说是足够的，但由于风速和风向的短期变化，这种方法可能会带来相当大的不准确性。本研究调查了使用高分辨率（1秒）风测量从一个在役输电线路的不准确性。我们评估了两种常用的风平均方法，并表明风向和相对风角的变化对结果有重要影响。在平行风的跨度中，通常是临界跨度，即限制整条线路的容量的跨度，平均数据通常低估了10%以上的容量，最大可低估45%以上。另一方面，在垂直风的情况下，平均可能会导致高估（高达25%），从而引起操作安全问题。对于输电系统运营商来说，在可行的情况下，结合风角灵敏度和利用更高分辨率的测量可以提高电容量的准确性，增强电网的可靠性，并释放额外的传输能力，从而提高能源系统的效率和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

The transition to sustainable aviation fuel: insights from patent analysis and policy implications 向可持续航空燃料的过渡：来自专利分析和政策影响的见解

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101634

Qiuyan Xu, Greig Mordue

The aviation industry has committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050, with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) identified as the most promising solution. The transition to SAF is mainly influenced by technological advancements, production capacities, and policy incentives. However, the rapidly evolving and diverse nature of SAF technologies complicates the landscape, resulting in a lack of value chain transparency and difficulties in understanding regional patterns in the SAF transition. This study addresses these challenges by constructing and analyzing a global database of SAF-related patents to examine SAF technology development trends, regional differences in innovation and patenting activities, the distribution of SAF technology domains, and key players in the supply chain. The analysis reveals regional disparities in innovation ecosystems and gaps in policy design while providing insights into the roles of stakeholders across the SAF value chain. Informed by these findings, the study makes policy recommendations aimed at addressing regional disparities, harmonizing SAF mandates, and aligning production with market dynamics, thereby supporting the sustainable decarbonization of aviation systems.

航空业已承诺到2050年实现净零碳排放，可持续航空燃料（SAF）被认为是最有希望的解决方案。向SAF的过渡主要受到技术进步、生产能力和政策激励的影响。然而，SAF技术的快速发展和多样性使环境变得复杂，导致价值链缺乏透明度，并且难以理解SAF转型中的区域模式。本研究通过构建和分析SAF相关专利的全球数据库来研究SAF技术的发展趋势、创新和专利活动的区域差异、SAF技术领域的分布以及供应链中的关键参与者，从而解决这些挑战。该分析揭示了创新生态系统的区域差异和政策设计方面的差距，同时提供了对SAF价值链中利益相关者作用的见解。根据这些发现，该研究提出了政策建议，旨在解决区域差异，协调SAF任务，使生产与市场动态保持一致，从而支持航空系统的可持续脱碳。

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引用次数: 0

The future role of agroforestry and Agri-PV in the German energy system — An analysis with the BENOPTex model 农林业和农业光伏在德国能源系统中的未来作用-用BENOPTex模型进行分析

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101614

Alexander Cyfka , Matthias Jordan , Jürgen Vollmer , Daniela Thrän

The climate crisis requires a transition to a climate neutral energy system, particularly in sectors that are hard to decarbonize. For these sectors, biomass-based energy carriers often represent a comparatively cost-effective decarbonization option. Given limited suitable land availability and high energy demand, identifying land-efficient solutions for renewable energy production is crucial. The present study is concerned with the collection and harmonization of data on the multi-land-use concepts of agricultural photovoltaics (Agri-PV) and agroforestry. Both concepts are considered here as systems capable of contributing to renewable energy supply, through electricity generation and biomass production for energy use. The objective is to integrate these concepts into a model of the German energy system and use the energy system optimization model BENOPTex to evaluate their economic viability. In various sensitivity analysis, we determine the most cost-effective land allocation for energy production on the 2.16 million hectares currently used for energy crops. Results indicate that, under current yield and cost assumptions, neither Agri-PV nor agroforestry systems outperform monoculture systems (e.g. Miscanthus) or ground-mounted PV. However, the analysis identifies yield and cost thresholds at which specific combinations become competitive. For example, a Miscanthus-sugar beet agroforestry system becomes viable with a 6% yield increase in Miscanthus compared to the monoculture yield. Despite their current economic disadvantages, Agri-PV and agroforestry offer non-monetized benefits including biodiversity enhancement and climate resilience. The study concludes that bridging the economic gap may require valuing these co-benefits or achieving significant cost and yield improvements through research and innovation.

应对气候危机需要向气候中性能源系统过渡，特别是在那些难以脱碳的行业。对于这些部门来说，生物质能源载体通常是一种相对具有成本效益的脱碳选择。鉴于可获得的合适土地有限和能源需求高，确定有效利用土地的可再生能源生产解决办法至关重要。本研究的目的是收集和统一关于农业光伏和农林业的多种土地利用概念的数据。这两个概念在这里都被认为是能够通过发电和生物质生产来促进可再生能源供应的系统。目标是将这些概念整合到德国能源系统模型中，并使用能源系统优化模型BENOPTex来评估其经济可行性。在各种敏感性分析中，我们在目前用于能源作物的216万公顷土地上确定了最具成本效益的能源生产土地分配。结果表明，在目前的产量和成本假设下，农业光伏系统和农林复合系统都不如单一栽培系统（如芒草）或地面光伏系统。然而，该分析确定了特定组合具有竞争力的产量和成本阈值。例如，与单一栽培相比，芒草-甜菜复合农林业系统的产量增加了6%，从而变得可行。尽管农业光伏和农林业目前处于经济劣势，但它们提供了非货币化效益，包括增强生物多样性和气候适应能力。该研究的结论是，弥合经济差距可能需要重视这些共同利益，或者通过研究和创新实现显著的成本和产量改善。

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引用次数: 0

A thermodynamically consistent simulation of gas hydrates in porous media using Operator-Based Linearization 基于算子线性化的多孔介质中天然气水合物热力学一致性模拟

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101616

Michiel Wapperom , Sadegh M. Taghinejad , Xiaocong Lyu , Rouhi Farajzadeh , Denis Voskov

In this work, we present a kinetic simulation model for gas hydrates in porous media using the Operator-Based Linearization (OBL) technique. The OBL approach introduces algebraic operators that represent the physical terms in the mass and energy balance equations. Operators are calculated only in supporting points comprising the discretized parameter space, and operator values and partial derivatives for linear system assembly are readily obtained through (multi-)linear interpolation. Taking advantage of this setup, the implementation of advanced thermodynamic models for hydrate formation and dissociation under kinetic assumptions is simplified. We test the assumptions for thermodynamic modelling by analysing the Gibbs energy surfaces of the fluid and hydrate phases and demonstrate that, in the limit, the thermodynamic equilibrium for both kinetic and equilibrium reaction models is equivalent. We compare the simulation results with the published experimental results for CH₄-hydrates and extend the assessment to a CO₂-hydrate formation experiment in a semi-batch, constant-pressure configuration. The model reproduces the main pressure–temperature transients and hydrate evolution for both CH₄- and CO₂-systems. We demonstrate applicability at core scale for hydrate formation and, at field scale, for gas production from CH₄-hydrates by thermal stimulation and depressurization. The interaction of thermal-compositional phenomena (phase changes, adiabatic expansion, kinetic rates, and reaction enthalpy) gives rise to highly nonlinear physics that an appropriate OBL discretization resolves. Overall, the patterns of hydrate formation and dissociation are highly sensitive to the kinetic-rate inputs; hence, the appropriate choice of the reaction model remains a key consideration from both physical and numerical perspectives.

在这项工作中，我们采用基于算子的线性化（OBL）技术建立了多孔介质中天然气水合物的动力学模拟模型。OBL方法引入了表示质量和能量平衡方程中的物理项的代数算子。算子只在构成离散化参数空间的支撑点上计算，通过（多次）线性插值很容易得到线性系统装配的算子值和偏导数。利用这一设置，简化了在动力学假设下水合物形成和解离的高级热力学模型的实现。我们通过分析流体和水合物相的吉布斯能面来检验热力学建模的假设，并证明，在极限情况下，动力学和平衡反应模型的热力学平衡是等效的。我们将模拟结果与已发表的ch4水合物实验结果进行了比较，并将评估扩展到半批定压配置下的co2水合物形成实验。该模型重现了CH4-和co2系统的主要压力-温度瞬态和水合物演化过程。我们证明了在岩心规模上水合物形成的适用性，以及在油田规模上通过热增产和降压从ch4水合物中开采天然气的适用性。热组成现象（相变、绝热膨胀、动力学速率和反应焓）的相互作用产生了高度非线性的物理现象，适当的OBL离散化可以解决这一问题。总的来说，水合物形成和解离模式对动力学速率输入高度敏感；因此，从物理和数值角度来看，反应模型的适当选择仍然是一个关键的考虑因素。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems for sustainable resource management and emission mitigation in climate-sensitive regions 气候敏感地区可持续资源管理和减排的混合可再生能源系统多目标优化

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101630

Mohammad Alhuyi Nazari , Erkaboy Davletov , Sanjarbek Madaminov , Alisher Abduvokhidov , Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi

A multi-objective optimization framework is developed for designing a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for Hormuz Island, integrating photovoltaic, wind, lithium-ion battery, proton-exchange-membrane electrolyzer-tank-fuel-cell, and a standby diesel generator. Real meteorological and demand data are employed to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Net Present Cost (NPC) while maximizing the Renewable Energy Fraction (REF) and system resilience. The optimization integrates multiple conflicting techno-economic and environmental objectives through a TOPSIS-guided multi-criteria framework, where a scalar closeness coefficient is used as the fitness function within the search process, without explicit Pareto-front construction. Results indicate that, compared with the diesel baseline, the optimized configuration achieves an LCOE of 0.139 USD kWh⁻¹, a 38.6 % reduction in NPC, a REF of 87 %, and nearly 89 % GHG mitigation. The discount rate exhibits the highest sensitivity, inducing ± 14.8 % variability in NPC and ± 9.2 % in LCOE, followed by battery CAPEX (±9.5 % NPC) and PV CAPEX (±7.1 %). Resilience evaluation under 10 % PV and 20 % hydrogen-storage perturbations confine the Loss-of-Load Probability to ≤ 2 %, confirming robust operation under adverse climatic fluctuations. Life-cycle assessment demonstrates approximately 20 % reduction in CO₂-equivalent emissions, while techno-economic analysis indicates about 15 % reduction in total energy cost relative to conventional diesel supply. The proposed configuration provides a replicable blueprint for off-grid, climate-vulnerable islands seeking reliable and low-carbon electrification pathways.

针对霍尔木兹岛集成光伏、风能、锂离子电池、质子交换膜电解罐燃料电池和备用柴油发电机的混合可再生能源系统（HRES），建立了多目标优化框架。使用真实的气象和需求数据来最小化平准化能源成本（LCOE）和净当前成本（NPC），同时最大化可再生能源比例（REF）和系统弹性。该优化通过topsis引导的多标准框架集成了多个相互冲突的技术、经济和环境目标，其中标量接近系数用作搜索过程中的适应度函数，没有明确的帕累托前结构。结果表明，与柴油基准相比，优化配置的LCOE为0.139 USD kWh−1，NPC降低38.6%，REF降低87%，温室气体减排近89%。贴现率表现出最高的敏感性，在NPC中引起±14.8%的变化，在LCOE中引起±9.2%的变化，其次是电池CAPEX（±9.5% NPC）和光伏CAPEX（±7.1%）。在10% PV和20%储氢扰动下的弹性评估将负载丢失概率限制在≤2%，确认了在不利气候波动下的稳健运行。生命周期评估表明，二氧化碳当量排放量减少了约20%，而技术经济分析表明，与传统柴油供应相比，总能源成本降低了约15%。拟议的配置为寻求可靠和低碳电气化途径的离网、气候脆弱的岛屿提供了可复制的蓝图。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative optimization and exergy analysis of solar–LNG integrated Rankine cycles among different hot tank outlet temperatures 不同热罐出口温度下太阳能- lng集成朗肯循环对比优化及火用分析

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101609

Han Zhang, Huiming Mao

With solar energy playing an increasingly crucial role in the worldwide shift toward renewable resources, a comparative two-objective optimization is performed on a two-tank solar field integrated with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and liquefied natural gas under three hot tank outlet temperatures of 200

^{\circ}

C, 250

^{\circ}

C, and 300

^{\circ}

C. Optimization objectives include maximizing the system efficiency and minimizing the electricity production cost (EPC). The comprehensive optimization includes 8 variables, 11 working fluids, and 16 structures, with the results analyzed using the thermodynamic weight. Detailed analysis is further performed on two representative scenarios: the Equal Scenario and the Thermodynamic Scenario. The findings show that the R-ORC is preferred when thermodynamic considerations are the primary focus, whereas the B-ORC is more beneficial when the economic aspect is the main priority. At a hot tank outlet temperature of 300

^{\circ}

C, the Equal Scenario attains 97.81% of the Thermodynamic Scenario‘s system efficiency while reducing EPC by as much as 9.35%. This result demonstrates that a slight sacrifice in thermodynamic performance could yield notable economic improvements. The condenser exhibits the highest exergy loss fraction among all components.

随着太阳能在世界范围内向可再生资源的转变中发挥越来越重要的作用，我们在200°C、250°C和300°C三种热罐出口温度下，对一个结合有机朗肯循环（ORC）和液化天然气的双罐太阳能场进行了比较双目标优化。优化目标包括系统效率最大化和电力生产成本（EPC）最小化。综合优化包括8个变量、11种工质、16种结构，并利用热力学权重对优化结果进行了分析。进一步详细分析了两种具有代表性的情景：等量情景和热力情景。研究结果表明，当热力学方面的考虑是首要考虑时，R-ORC是首选，而当经济方面是主要优先考虑时，B-ORC更有利。在300°C的热罐出口温度下，等效方案的系统效率达到了热力学方案的97.81%，同时减少了9.35%的总消失温度。这一结果表明，热力学性能的轻微牺牲可以产生显着的经济改进。在所有部件中，冷凝器的火用损失比例最高。

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引用次数: 0

Flying green: Life cycle assessment and decomposition of bio-based sustainable aviation fuels production in Australia and global benchmarks 绿色飞行：澳大利亚和全球基准生物基可持续航空燃料生产的生命周期评估和分解

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101625

Xueting Jiang , Aditi Mankad , Walter Okelo

Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are critical for sustainably transitioning the aviation sector into low-carbon status depending on the type of feedstock and technology. However, studies on the key factors that drive these environmental benefits, and the effect of emerging technologies such as biomanufacturing would have on SAF production in the future are limited. Consequently, we assessed the environmental impact of bio-based SAF production and investigated the key drivers of its carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions), focusing on Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ), and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) pathways. Using Australia as a case study alongside a global benchmark, this study decomposed the life-cycle carbon footprint of SAF production into carbon intensity, energy efficiency, scalability, cost competitiveness, and industry size factors. Results reveal that the energy efficiency factor significantly reduces the SAF production carbon footprint across all three pathways. The scalability factor was a dominant challenge that greatly influenced the carbon footprint of SAF production across global scenarios, especially for HEFA and AtJ, while for Australia the effects of the scalability factor were smaller though remain a noticeable challenge for AtJ. The decomposition results in Australia resemble mostly the high- and very high- SAF production scenarios globally. Results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that biomanufacturing potentially enhances emission reductions for various SAF feedstocks in both Australia and globally, particularly for oilseed-based pathways in Australia.

根据原料类型和技术的不同，可持续航空燃料（SAF）对于航空业可持续地向低碳转型至关重要。然而，关于驱动这些环境效益的关键因素的研究，以及生物制造等新兴技术对未来SAF生产的影响都是有限的。因此，我们评估了生物基SAF生产的环境影响，并研究了其碳足迹（温室气体排放）的关键驱动因素，重点关注加氢酯和脂肪酸（HEFA）、醇制喷气（AtJ）和费托合成（FT）途径。本研究以澳大利亚为例，结合全球基准，将SAF生产的生命周期碳足迹分解为碳强度、能源效率、可扩展性、成本竞争力和行业规模等因素。结果表明，能源效率因素显著降低了所有三种途径的SAF生产碳足迹。可扩展性因素是一个主要的挑战，它在全球范围内极大地影响了SAF生产的碳足迹，特别是对于HEFA和AtJ，而对于澳大利亚，可扩展性因素的影响较小，但对AtJ来说仍然是一个明显的挑战。澳大利亚的分解结果与全球SAF产量高和非常高的情况大致相似。敏感性分析的结果表明，生物制造可能会增加澳大利亚和全球各种SAF原料的减排，特别是澳大利亚的油籽基途径。

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引用次数: 0

Economic and management evaluation of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic–battery systems in electric vehicles under urban operating conditions 城市工况下电动汽车车载光伏电池系统经济性与管理评价

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101628

Junfeng Niu , Nesrine Gafsi , Pooya Ghodratallah , Rabeb Younes , Mohamed Shaban , Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Amina Hamdouni

The rapid electrification of transportation demands intelligent coordination among heterogeneous energy subsystems within electric vehicles. This research establishes an analytics-driven management framework that unites photovoltaic generation, high-energy–density lithium-ion storage, and auxiliary fuel-cell support to achieve a balanced, sustainable, and economically viable propulsion system. Focusing on an urban case study in Xi’an, China, the model integrates real-time meteorological inputs and vehicle-operation data to dynamically regulate energy flows between PV modules and battery packs. A hybrid optimization layer couples techno-economic modeling with management-level decision analytics, allowing simultaneous assessment of power efficiency, operational scheduling, and lifecycle cost performance. Results show that the coordinated PV–battery strategy enhances driving range up to 61% while lowering equivalent energy cost and mitigating peak-load stress on urban charging infrastructure. Beyond the technical gains, the framework demonstrates how data-enabled decision mechanisms can inform managerial planning for fleet electrification and urban energy resilience. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry practitioners seeking integrated strategies to strengthen the economic, environmental, and managerial dimensions of electric mobility, directly supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 on affordable and clean energy.

交通运输的快速电气化要求电动汽车内部异构能源子系统之间的智能协调。本研究建立了一个分析驱动的管理框架，将光伏发电、高能量密度锂离子存储和辅助燃料电池支持结合起来，实现平衡、可持续和经济可行的推进系统。该模型以中国西安的城市为例，整合了实时气象输入和车辆运行数据，以动态调节光伏模块和电池组之间的能量流动。混合优化层将技术经济建模与管理层决策分析相结合，允许同时评估功率效率、操作调度和生命周期成本绩效。研究结果表明，在降低等效能源成本和缓解城市充电基础设施峰值负荷压力的同时，电动汽车的续驶里程提高了61%。除了技术进步之外，该框架还展示了数据驱动的决策机制如何为车队电气化和城市能源弹性的管理规划提供信息。该研究为寻求综合战略以加强电动交通的经济、环境和管理层面的政策制定者和行业从业者提供了可操作的见解，直接支持联合国可持续发展目标7关于负担得起的清洁能源。

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引用次数: 0

Facile synthesis of 2D Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2 composite-based electrode material for clean and efficient energy storage 用于清洁高效储能的二维Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2复合电极材料的简易合成

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101620

Md. Romzan Ali , Asif Iqbal , Abir Hassan Talukder , Md. Abdul Khaleque , Md. Ruhul Amin , Md. Ismail Hossain , Sakibul Islam , Md. Ikram Hossain , Md. Rafiul Hasan , Mohamed Aly Saad Aly , Ghada E. Khedr , Florian J. Stadler , Md. Zaved Hossain Khan

Owing to their distinctive stacked layered structure, exceptional conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundance of redox active sites, two-dimensional transition carbon nitride, and metal carbides and nitrides efficiently store and transfer charges, thus becoming attractive electrode materials for supercapacitors. MXene-based supercapacitors are, however, seriously hindered by the low specific capacitance driven by severe self-discharge behavior and poor ambient stability due to oxidation. To overcome these limitations, herein, a Mo₂TiC₂@PDA/MnO₂ composite was synthesized to functionalize a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface via a two-layer modification strategy, which enabled faster charge transfer and ion diffusion within the electrode material, thus boosting the capacitive performance of Mo₂TiC₂ MXene. The composite’s structure and morphology were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of the functionalized-electrodes was assessed by galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which all revealed that Mo₂TiC₂@PDA/MnO₂ can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor. The Mo₂TiC₂@PDA/MnO₂ modified electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 573 Fg⁻¹ at a current density of 1 Ag⁻¹ and demonstrated superior cycling stability with 87.43% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. This study shows that integrating Mo₂TiC₂, PDA, and MnO₂ can significantly improve the capacitance, stability, and eco-friendly operation in supercapacitors. However, the current work does not evaluate the performance in portable or flexible devices, and future studies may address this limitation through full-cell assembly and real-world testing. Overall, the composite provides a strong foundation for next-generation energy storage applications.

由于其独特的堆叠层状结构、优异的导电性、大的比表面积和丰富的氧化还原活性位点，二维过渡碳氮化物、金属碳化物和氮化物能够有效地存储和转移电荷，从而成为超级电容器极具吸引力的材料。然而，严重的自放电行为和氧化导致的低比电容严重阻碍了基于mxene的超级电容器的发展。为了克服这些限制，本文合成了Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2复合材料，通过两层修饰策略对玻璃碳电极（GCE）表面进行功能化，使电极材料内的电荷转移和离子扩散更快，从而提高了Mo2TiC2 MXene的电容性能。通过x射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜对复合材料的结构和形貌进行了表征。此外，通过恒流充放电（GCD）、循环伏安（CV）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对功能化电极的电化学行为进行了评估，结果表明Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2是一种很有前途的超级电容器电极材料。Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2修饰电极在1 Ag−1电流密度下具有573 Fg−1的高比电容，在5000次循环中具有87.43%的电容保持率。本研究表明，将Mo2TiC2、PDA和MnO2集成在一起，可以显著提高超级电容器的电容、稳定性和环保性能。然而，目前的工作并没有评估便携式或柔性设备的性能，未来的研究可能会通过全单元组装和实际测试来解决这一限制。总的来说，这种复合材料为下一代储能应用提供了坚实的基础。

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