Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献_第7页

Techno-economic analysis of a novel clc reactor-based system for energy storage and back-up power in a cruise ship

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100885

Lucas F. Calvo , María Elena Diego , Marco Astolfi

This study investigates the performance of a novel carbon-free CLC fixed-bed reactor system proposed as a sustainable alternative to store and supply the energy demand of a 7-day Mediterranean cruise ship travelling between Spain and Italy. During navigation, propulsive and hotelling energy demand of the MSC Magnifica vessel is supplied by the slow diffusion-controlled oxidation of a batch of reduced fine iron-based solids, which allows to heat up a flow of pressurized air that is used to generate electricity in a downstream gas turbine and high-grade heat. This arrangement imposes very long oxidation times for the reacting solids, thus moderating bed temperatures and avoiding hot spots. An oxygen diffusion-based reactor model is employed to design and model the performance of the multi-reactor system employed, which consists of 22 high energy density reactors of 15 m length and 2.1 m² cross section with a maximum power output of 20 MW_th each. The reactors are integrated in a recuperative gas power cycle that allows fulfilling navigation energy requirements for the 7-day trip with cycle efficiencies up to 45.8 %. During in-port periods, particles are reduced using electrolytic H₂, whereas hoteling energy needs are provided by H₂-fired auxiliary boilers and the gas turbine system powered by a H₂-fired external combustor. An economic analysis shows that the proposed carbon-free system can be competitive against conventional heavy fuel oil combustion options in several scenarios with H₂ cost of 1.5–2.5 €/kg, carbon tax between 90 and 205 €/ton CO₂ and moderate capacity factors (>40 trips per year). Higher H₂ costs and/or lower carbon tax values can be also accommodated with a moderate increase in the passenger ticket below 13 %.

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing photovoltaic parameters with Monte Carlo and parallel resistance adjustment

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100833

Fatima Wardi , Mohamed Louzazni , Mohamed Hanine , Elhadi Baghaz , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

Photovoltaic power has emerged as an important component global energy revolution, providing a renewable and sustainable alternative for electricity generation. This paper describes how to use Monte Carlo optimisation (MCO) to estimate and extract the intrinsic electrical parameters of single, double, and triple diode designs, as well as make parallel resistance modifications. The above method was used to solve challenges related to nonlinear and complex solar cell equation. The function’s objective is to minimize the discrepancy between the experimental and calculated current values. Three different technologies are implemented to retrieve the fundamental parameters: RTC France solar cell, the Photowatt-PWP201 PV module, and the Schutten Solar STM6-40/36 monocrystalline solar module. In addition, the restricted objective function is computed using the experimental current–voltage curve. The extracted parameters using MCO are compared to contemporary research publications on metaheuristic optimization algorithms, iterative approaches, and analytical methods. In the end, to evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness, statistical measurements such as Individual Absolute Error (IAE), Relative Error (RE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), SD, TS, NFM, ACF, and RMSE are calculated to ensure the correctness of the generated parameters. The comparative study shows that the results generated by the MCO approach exhibit lower errors compared to other algorithms where RMSE reaches 0.0058.

光伏发电已成为全球能源革命的重要组成部分，为发电提供了一种可再生、可持续的替代能源。本文介绍了如何利用蒙特卡罗优化（Monte Carlo optimisation，MCO）估算和提取单、双、三二极管设计的内在电气参数，并对并联电阻进行修改。上述方法用于解决与非线性和复杂太阳能电池方程相关的难题。该函数的目标是最大限度地减少实验电流值与计算电流值之间的差异。我们采用了三种不同的技术来检索基本参数：法国 RTC 太阳能电池、Photowatt-PWP201 光伏模块和 Schutten Solar STM6-40/36 单晶硅太阳能模块。此外，还利用实验电流-电压曲线计算了受限目标函数。使用 MCO 提取的参数与有关元启发式优化算法、迭代方法和分析方法的当代研究出版物进行了比较。最后，为了评估算法的有效性，还计算了统计测量值，如个别绝对误差 (IAE)、相对误差 (RE)、平均绝对误差 (MAE)、SD、TS、NFM、ACF 和 RMSE，以确保生成参数的正确性。比较研究表明，MCO 方法生成的结果与其他算法相比误差较小，RMSE 达到 0.0058。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-layer Modeling of Bifacial Photovoltaic Panels: Evaluating the Accuracy of One-, Three-, and Five-layer Models

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100879

Mohammad Hassan Shahverdian , Hoseyn Sayyaadi , Ali Sohani

Bifacial solar panels (BSP) absorb sunlight from both sides. BSP has gained significant popularity by increasing energy efficiency and reducing the need for more space. To predict the performance of BSP, it is necessary to perform three analyzes, optical, thermal, and electrical simultaneously, because the power generated is influenced by the surface temperature and vice versa. For the thermal modeling of the BSP, the solar panel can be examined in different layers. In this study, thermal modeling is conducted in the one, three-, and five-layer models, and these models are compared with each other from the point of view of produced power and panel temperature to determine the accuracy of each approach. A BSP is considered in the climatic conditions of Tehran, Iran. Finally, the result was obtained that in the annual analysis, the amount of energy produced by the five, three, and one-layer models is 1242.2, 1244.0, and 1246.6 kWh, respectively. The variation between the five-layer and one-layer model is 0.36 %, between the three-layer and one-layer is 0.21 %, and between the five-layer and three-layer is 0.15 %. As a result, considering the model with more layers, does not necessarily increase the accuracy of the analysis, significantly.

双面太阳能电池板（BSP）从两面吸收阳光。双面太阳能电池板提高了能源效率，减少了对更多空间的需求，因此大受欢迎。要预测双面太阳能电池板的性能，必须同时进行光学、热学和电学三方面的分析，因为发电量受表面温度的影响，反之亦然。为了对 BSP 进行热建模，可以对太阳能电池板进行分层检查。在本研究中，热建模在一层、三层和五层模型中进行，并从发电功率和电池板温度的角度对这些模型进行比较，以确定每种方法的准确性。考虑了伊朗德黑兰气候条件下的 BSP。最后得出的结果是，在年度分析中，五层、三层和一层模型的发电量分别为 1242.2、1244.0 和 1246.6 千瓦时。五层模型与一层模型之间的差异为 0.36%，三层模型与一层模型之间的差异为 0.21%，五层模型与三层模型之间的差异为 0.15%。因此，考虑多层模型并不一定会显著提高分析的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

ANN-driven prediction of optimal machine learning models for engine performance in a dual-fuel mode powered by biogas and fish oil biodiesel

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100827

Naveen Kumar Pallicheruvu, Sakthivel Gnanasekaran

Global climate change is increasingly driven by carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels, intensifying the greenhouse effect and global warming. Biodiesel, particularly fish oil biodiesel, provides a sustainable alternative that reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, the engine was tested with various blends of fish oil biodiesel and conventional diesel, using volume ratios from 20 % to 40 % in 5 % increments. Subsequently, it was operated in dual-fuel mode with two mixtures: (a) Pure Methane (CH₄) and (b) Methane (CH₄) + Carbon dioxide (CO₂). These were injected through the intake manifold at flow rates of 4, 8, and 12 LPM, alongside fresh air and the biodiesel blends. Performance analysis included emissions and combustion characteristics. These comprised nitrogen oxides (NOx), smoke, hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), peak pressure (PP), maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR), and vibrational characteristics under varying biogas flow rates and engine loads. Engine performance was monitored using vibrational data analysed by machine learning (ML) models based on Bayes net and random forest algorithms. B25 blend combined with M7.2C4.8 (i.e., methane 7.2 LPM and CO₂ 4.8 LPM) stands out as the top performer, achieving the highest classification accuracy at 97 %. The combustion and emission parameters for the optimal blend were predicted using a feedforward backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) employed a 3–12-8 neuron architecture. Additionally, vibrational characteristics were analysed with another ANN configured as 2–4-4–5. The results showed that these ANN models effectively predicted engine parameters under different load conditions and achieved average R-values of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The B25 blend significantly reduced emissions and enhanced combustion efficiency. This highlights its potential in mitigating GHG emissions and promoting sustainable alternative fuels.

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引用次数: 0

K-means and agglomerative clustering for source-load mapping in distributed district heating planning

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100860

Amir Shahcheraghian , Adrian Ilinca , Nelson Sommerfeldt

This study introduces a high-resolution, data-driven approach for optimizing district heating networks using source-load mapping, focusing on Stockholm as a case study. The methodology integrates detailed building energy performance data (2014–2022) with geographic data from the Swedish Survey Agency, employing advanced clustering techniques such as K-means Clustering, Agglomerative Clustering, DBSCAN, Spectral Clustering, and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) Clustering to identify optimal locations for distributed heat sources, including data centers, supermarkets, and water bodies. Quantitative results show that these environmentally friendly sources could supply 54 % of Stockholm’s total annual heat demand of 7.7 TWh/year, equating to 4.2 TWh from residual heat sources. Data centers contribute 0.48 TWh, water bodies provide 3.4 TWh, and supermarkets contribute 0.3 TWh annually. Economic analysis further reveals that 98 % of residual heat sources are economically viable, with marginal costs of heat (MCOH) for data centers, supermarkets, and water bodies estimated at 12.7 EUR/MWh, 16.0 EUR/MWh, and 20.0 EUR/MWh, respectively—well below the Open District Heating (ODH) market price of 22.0 EUR/MWh. The policy implications of these findings are profound. Policymakers can leverage this methodology to identify economically viable heat sources, enabling the creation of regulations that incentivize the integration of distributed heat sources into existing district heating networks. This can lead to reduced energy costs, enhanced sustainability, and more resilient energy systems. Practically, urban planners and energy utilities can use clustering insights to optimize the placement of new infrastructure, such as data centers, ensuring they are strategically located in high-demand zones. Furthermore, the study’s methodology can be replicated in other urban contexts, offering cities worldwide a scalable tool for improving the efficiency and sustainability of their heating networks. These findings support the transition to low-carbon energy solutions and provide actionable recommendations for the long-term development of urban energy systems.

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogen blending for partial decarbonisation in a steel melt-shop: A year-long comprehensive analysis across multiple scenarios

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100850

Mohamed Mostafa, Arman Ashabi, Andriy Hryshcenko, Ken Bruton, Dominic T.J. O’Sullivan

The iron and steel industry accounts for 7 % of global greenhouse gas emissions and 33 % of industrial CO₂ emissions. The challenge of achieving carbon-free operations at high temperatures is exacerbated by the limited fuel sources available. Key hurdles include utilising eco-friendly resources and creating markets for sustainable steel. The potential solution of replacing coke and natural gas with hydrogen, serving as an energy carrier, is a promising alternative. This study analyses a steel plant in Spain that aims to achieve 30 % hydrogen use in place of natural gas across all furnaces for a year-long period. Four optimisation scenarios are explored, followed by multiple sensitivity analysis scenarios to analyse the optimisation algorithms on rated power of system components, hydrogen blend variation, and hydrogen production costs. The results show that the techno-economic optimised model demonstrates the most substantial effectiveness. The hydrogen will be produced via solar-powered electrolysis, necessitating a 294.43 MW photovoltaic plant and a 109.5 MW electrolyser, resulting in a hydrogen cost of 4.49 €/kg, which is 2.5 times higher than the average price of natural gas. This cost difference is primarily driven by high investment costs and WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) rates. Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) are identified as the most economical option for advancing green steel production. The technology applied in this study is projected to decrease CO₂ emissions by 163,115 tons annually. While the economic aspects remain challenging, technological progress and regulatory support will be crucial for a broader adoption of hydrogen in steelmaking.

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引用次数: 0

Flexibility matters: Impact assessment of small and medium enterprises flexibility on the German energy transition

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100880

Anas Abuzayed , Mario Liebensteiner , Niklas Hartmann

This study analyzes the transition of the German electricity system towards climate neutrality by 2045, considering the demand-flexibility from small and medium enterprises (SME). The research uncovers the potential of flexibility from often-overlooked industrial SME sector, challenging their historical neglect in energy models and national strategies. Despite representing a small fraction of peak load, SME flexibility contributes to a significant reduction in carbon emissions and transition costs, as well as a decreased reliance on other flexibility measures. However, careful design and incentivization strategies are vital to reap the full benefits of SME flexibility. Challenges in achieving a secure electricity supply during extreme weather conditions in a 100 % renewable system are identified, along with how SME flexibility helps to achieve climate neutrality. By 2045, wind power becomes vital for supply security and is operated as a dispatchable ramping-up technology. Storage flexibility becomes essential. The transition incurs substantial costs but is economically advantageous in the long run. Overcapacities from renewables allow for a higher degree of electrification, stronger sector coupling, and suggest the possibility of a local hydrogen production. Although our study examines the flexibility of German SME, demand-responsive technologies exist worldwide, however with different shares and potentials. The study provides valuable insights into how SME demand response can contribute to achieving a sustainable energy system.

本研究分析了德国电力系统到 2045 年实现气候中和的过渡，并考虑了中小企业（SME）的需求灵活性。研究揭示了经常被忽视的工业中小型企业部门的灵活性潜力，对其在能源模型和国家战略中被忽视的历史提出了挑战。尽管中小型企业只占峰值负荷的一小部分，但其灵活性有助于大幅减少碳排放和过渡成本，并减少对其他灵活性措施的依赖。然而，要充分发挥中小企业灵活性的效益，精心设计和激励战略至关重要。本文指出了在极端天气条件下，100% 可再生能源系统实现安全供电所面临的挑战，以及中小型企业灵活性如何帮助实现气候中和。到 2045 年，风力发电将成为供电安全的关键，并作为一种可调度的升压技术运行。储能灵活性变得至关重要。这一转变需要大量成本，但从长远来看具有经济优势。可再生能源的过剩产能允许更高的电气化程度、更强的部门耦合，并提出了在当地生产氢气的可能性。虽然我们的研究考察的是德国中小企业的灵活性，但需求响应技术在全球范围内都存在，只是份额和潜力不同而已。这项研究为中小企业需求响应如何促进实现可持续能源系统提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Novel adsorption-based upgradation of end-of-life polypropylene pyrolysis oil using carbonised rice husk 使用碳化稻壳对报废聚丙烯热解油进行基于吸附的新型升级处理

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100824

T. Gopikrishnan Kailas , Akash A R , Saikat Dutta , Vasudeva Madav

Plastic waste management is a global issue, with end-of-life polypropylene (EoL PP) having significant contribution. Polypropylene degradation forms undesirable compounds in pyrolysis oil, reducing its quality and limiting its fuel usability. Pyrolysis offers a promising solution for converting plastic waste into valuable fuels; however, the presence of degraded materials necessitates an effective upgrading process to enhance the fuel quality. This study introduces an innovative ex-situ adsorption-based upgradation technique using carbonised rice husk (CRH), an abundantly available, sustainable and cost-effective biomass residue, to significantly improve the quality of pyrolysis oil derived from EoL PP. The upgradation process reduced sulphur content in polypropylene pyrolysis oil from 0.19 % to 0.02 %. The cetane index, a key fuel quality metric, rose from 43.83 to 55.25, enhancing combustion properties. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed an increase in paraffin content from 53.15 vol% to 60.81 vol%, improving energy content and combustion efficiency. Olefins and aromatics decreased, improving fuel stability and reducing emissions. GCxGC TOF-MS analysis revealed a decrease in oxygenates and an increase in diesel-range hydrocarbons, improving fuel quality and stability. This comprehensive study highlights the dual benefits of CRH in enhancing fuel quality and supporting circular economy practices, making a significant contribution to the development of sustainable fuel alternatives in the waste-to-energy conversion sector.

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引用次数: 0

Review of the trends, evolution, and future research directions of green hydrogen production from wastewaters – Systematic and bibliometric approach 废水绿色制氢的趋势、演变和未来研究方向综述 - 系统和文献计量学方法

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100822

Flavio Odoi-Yorke , Ephraim Bonah Agyekum , Mustafa Tahir , Agnes Abeley Abbey , Pradeep Jangir , Farhan Lafta Rashid , Hussein Togun , Wulfran Fendzi Mbasso

For today’s society, recognizing and identifying a sustainable energy source is crucial. The public, government, and business community have all expressed strong support for hydrogen energy, establishing it as a key fuel source for the future. This paper analyzes the state of wastewater for green hydrogen production research, focusing on global trends, evolution, potential hotspots, and future directions, using a systematic, bibliometric, and organized review of research publications from 2013 to 2023 in the Scopus database. The visualization and quantitative evaluation of the data was conducted using the VOSviewer software, and the Biblioshiny package in the R-software. The study also compared the various techniques that are used for the production of hydrogen using wastewaters. The research field experienced a 32.88 % annual growth, with 1,883 authors and 27.95 % international collaborations. Microbial photoelectrochemical cell, a recent energy generation technology, has gained interest due to its ability to treat various pollutants. This surge is attributable to technological advancements in wastewater hydrogen production, as part of global efforts to tackle environmental issues. This study advances knowledge and practices in the field of green hydrogen production using wastewater by illuminating new trends and intersecting themes. Potential future research directions on the topic were identified and proposed in this study.

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the role of Energy Communities: A Comprehensive Review

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100883

M. Asim Amin , Renato Procopio , Marco Invernizzi , Andrea Bonfiglio , Youwei Jia

The Energy Communities (EC) framework facilitates the active engagement of energy entities. It brings about a fundamental shift in the energy sector by effectively managing Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and advancing a decentralized energy system. The implementation of this technology allows the electrification of rural or mountainous regions by addressing the obstacles associated with power grid maintenance through substantial restructuring of the underlying energy distribution framework. The present review aimed to investigate and examine the significance of EC structures and to start an inclusive foundation for the broader implementation of EC for energy decentralization to figure out the research gaps and ensure that Machine Learning (ML) based solutions are essential tools to study and further discussed the several ML-based algorithms based on their objectives. Moreover, a comprehensive literature review is conducted to compare the possible strategies and tools that could be implemented in EC. Furthermore, different solution tools are organized based on their advantages, such as Demand Response (DR), forecasting, and load management goals. Hence, it can be inferred that Reinforcement Learning (RL) methodologies exhibit considerable potential in the control field. In contrast, supervised and unsupervised approaches are essential in predicting tasks. Based on the existing knowledge, the present study can conclude that ML-based solution methods are of significant importance for developing an effective energy decentralization platform.

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引用次数: 0