Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献_第7页

Two-stage strategic optimal planning of distributed generators and energy storage systems considering demand response program and network reconfiguration 考虑需求响应计划和网络重组的分布式发电机和储能系统两阶段战略优化规划

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100766

Saleh Ba-swaimi , Renuga Verayiah , Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy , Ahmad K. ALAhmad , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

This work presents a stochastic two-stage mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization model for the long-term planning of a distribution system (DS) to improve renewable energy integration over a ten-year period. The outer-stage problem simultaneously minimizes the long-term expected planning costs, power losses, and voltage deviations by determining the optimal sizing and placement of renewable energy resources (RESs), such as solar photovoltaic distributed generators (PV-DGS), wind-DGs, and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). In contrast, the inner-stage problem emphasizes the reduction of hourly operational expenses, power losses, and voltage deviations through the identification of optimal scheduling for demand response programs (DRPs) and network reconfiguration (NR). The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is utilized to address the outer-stage optimization problem. Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) is employed to address the inner-stage issue. In both phases, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is utilized at the conclusion of each iteration to identify the ideal solution from a collection of non-dominated solutions. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is utilized to model the system’s unknown factors, including solar radiation, wind speed, load demand, and energy pricing. Subsequently, the backward reduction algorithm (BRA) is employed to streamline the resulting scenarios into a more feasible and representative subset, therefore mitigating excessive computational effort. The suggested model is validated utilizing the IEEE 33-bus DS developed in MATLAB R2023b. Simulation outcomes from various case studies indicate that incorporating optimal DRP and NR scheduling into a hybrid system of RESs and BESSs enhances renewable energy penetration by 17.39% compared to the case utilizing just BESSs. Moreover, the established model, featuring a wind-DG/PV-DG/BESS/DRP/NR configuration, achieves significant improvements in all objective functions, including a 31.14% reduction in total system cost, a 61.67% decrease in power loss, and a 58.11% improvement in voltage deviation, compared to the base case.

本研究提出了一个随机两阶段混合整数非线性编程（MINLP）优化模型，用于配电系统（DS）的长期规划，以改善十年期内的可再生能源整合。外阶段问题通过确定可再生能源（RES）（如太阳能光伏分布式发电机（PV-DGS）、风能分布式发电机（Wind-DGs）和电池储能系统（BESSs））的最佳规模和位置，同时最小化长期预期规划成本、电力损耗和电压偏差。相比之下，内部阶段问题强调通过确定需求响应计划（DRP）和网络重构（NR）的最佳调度来减少每小时的运营费用、电力损耗和电压偏差。非支配排序遗传算法 II (NSGA-II) 被用来解决外部阶段的优化问题。多目标粒子群优化（MOPSO）用于解决内部阶段的问题。在这两个阶段中，每次迭代结束时都会使用与理想解决方案相似度排序技术（TOPSIS），从一系列非主要解决方案中确定理想解决方案。蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）用于模拟系统的未知因素，包括太阳辐射、风速、负荷需求和能源价格。随后，采用后向缩减算法（BRA）将得到的方案精简为更可行、更具代表性的子集，从而减少过多的计算量。建议的模型利用在 MATLAB R2023b 中开发的 IEEE 33 总线 DS 进行了验证。各种案例研究的仿真结果表明，与仅使用 BESS 的情况相比，将最优 DRP 和 NR 调度纳入可再生能源和 BESS 混合系统可将可再生能源渗透率提高 17.39%。此外，所建立的模型采用了风能-DG/光伏-DG/BESS/DRP/NR 配置，与基本情况相比，所有目标函数都有显著改善，包括系统总成本降低 31.14%，功率损耗减少 61.67%，电压偏差改善 58.11%。

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引用次数: 0

Additional revenues estimation in a market-based redispatch: An opportunity for flexibility 基于市场的重新调度中的额外收入估算：提高灵活性的机会

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100745

Erick Andrés Dorado Galatoire , Ángel Arcos-Vargas , José Luis Martínez Ramos

The technical constraints in the transmission networks are exerting significant strain on the functioning of electricity markets as the share of variable renewable energy sources is increasing. To manage this issue, the transition to a nodal pricing market has been proposed in the literature. Given that the current structure of the European Union electricity market corresponds to a zonal pricing, the transition to nodal pricing would imply fundamental changes in its market structure. In order to avoid the latter, this study develops a method to identify locational price signals in a decentralized market with zonal pricing and subsequent market-based redispatch. To this end, first, nodes with structural technical constraints are identified –using energy programmes–. Then, the additional revenues of physical units located at these nodes are estimated –using electricity prices–. Finally, this strategic information will guide the development of flexibility solutions –manageable generation capacity and demand response– in these geographic locations, mimicking the main advantage of nodal pricing. Our methodology has been empirically tested on the Spanish power system, using hourly data from the System Operator and Market Operator for four full years, from 2019 to 2022. The results show a higher and constant economic revenue in certain nodes of this system –upward redispatch price is 74.90% higher than day-ahead market price–. Thus, this method can be used by market participants to evaluate publicly available data from a decentralized market with zonal pricing and subsequent market-based redispatch, and obtain essential information to make the best investment decisions.

随着可变可再生能源比例的增加，输电网络的技术限制对电力市场的运作造成了巨大压力。为了解决这一问题，文献中提出了向节点定价市场过渡的建议。鉴于欧盟电力市场目前的结构与分区定价相对应，向节点定价过渡将意味着其市场结构发生根本性变化。为避免出现后一种情况，本研究开发了一种方法，用于在分区定价的分散市场中识别定位价格信号，并随后进行基于市场的重新调度。为此，首先要利用能源方案确定存在结构性技术限制的节点。然后，利用电价估算出位于这些节点的物理单位的额外收益。最后，这些战略信息将指导这些地理位置的灵活性解决方案（可管理发电能力和需求响应）的开发，从而模仿节点定价的主要优势。我们的方法已在西班牙电力系统中进行了实证测试，使用的是系统运营商和市场运营商提供的从 2019 年到 2022 年整整四年的每小时数据。结果显示，在该系统的某些节点，经济收入较高且保持不变--上行再调度价格比日前市场价格高 74.90%。因此，市场参与者可以使用这种方法来评估来自分区定价的分散市场的公开数据以及随后基于市场的再调度，并获得做出最佳投资决策的必要信息。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization and simulation of Tucuma and Ungurahui biodiesel process parameters and their effects on fuel properties 优化和模拟图库玛生物柴油和翁古拉汇生物柴油工艺参数及其对燃料特性的影响

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100721

Arun Teja Doppalapudi , Abul Kalam Azad , M.M.K. Khan , Amanullah Maung Than Oo

The conversion parameters in biodiesel production have a substantial impact on the yield of methyl esters, consequently affecting the physicochemical properties of the fuel. Tucuma and Ungurahui bio-oils were used in this study to optimize the process parameters. A total of 27 transesterification experiments were conducted for each bio-oil, and the results were statistically investigated using the RSM approach. In addition, advanced kinetic modelling was performed using Aspen Plus software tools on the Tucuma biodiesel transesterification process to investigate the key effect of process parameters on the fuel properties. The study found a greater yield of 99.4 % and 99.5 % for Tucuma and Ungurahui, respectively, under optimized parametric conditions. ANOVA tests revealed lower p-values for catalyst and temperature, indicating their significant influence on the conversion process. For both fuels, GC–MS tests recorded 100 % methyl esters, and fuel properties agree with the ASTM biodiesel standards. Notably, the viscosity of both biodiesels is 4.0 mm²/s, which closely matches that of diesel fuel. Furthermore, the process parameters such as methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst, and temperatures influenced the methyl esters such as oleate, linoleate, and palmitate, impacting properties density and calorific value. Besides, viscosity was affected by the time parameter, which in turn influenced methyl stearate. The study concludes that while the process parameters influenced the fuel properties, their overall impact on the change was marginal.

生物柴油生产中的转化参数对甲酯产量有很大影响，从而影响燃料的理化性质。本研究使用 Tucuma 和 Ungurahui 生物油来优化工艺参数。针对每种生物油共进行了 27 次酯交换实验，并使用 RSM 方法对实验结果进行了统计分析。此外，还使用 Aspen Plus 软件工具对 Tucuma 生物柴油酯交换过程进行了高级动力学建模，以研究工艺参数对燃料特性的关键影响。研究发现，在优化参数条件下，Tucuma 和 Ungurahui 的产量分别提高了 99.4% 和 99.5%。方差分析测试显示，催化剂和温度的 p 值较低，表明它们对转化过程有重大影响。对这两种燃料进行的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）测试均记录了 100% 的甲基酯，燃料特性符合美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）生物柴油标准。值得注意的是，两种生物柴油的粘度均为 4.0 mm2/s，与柴油的粘度非常接近。此外，甲醇与油的比例、催化剂和温度等工艺参数会影响油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯和棕榈酸甲酯的性质，影响密度和热值。此外，粘度受时间参数的影响，而时间参数又影响硬脂酸甲酯。研究得出结论，虽然工艺参数会影响燃料特性，但它们对变化的总体影响微乎其微。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive thermal properties, kinetic, and thermodynamic analyses of biomass wastes pyrolysis via TGA and Coats-Redfern methodologies 通过 TGA 和 Coats-Redfern 方法对生物质废物热解进行全面的热特性、动力学和热力学分析

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100723

Ocident Bongomin , Charles Nzila , Josphat Igadwa Mwasiagi , Obadiah Maube

This study comprehensively analyzes the thermal decomposition characteristics as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of five biomass wastes, including coffee husk, groundnut shell, macadamia nutshell, rice husk, and tea waste, using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and the Coats-Redfern method. The TGA experiments were conducted on a PerkinElmer STA 6000 instrument under an inert N₂ atmosphere with a heating rate of 20 °C/min, spanning a temperature range from 25 °C to 950 °C. The results identified three distinct pyrolysis stages: drying, devolatilization, and char formation, with macadamia nutshell demonstrating the highest thermal reactivity and efficient devolatilization characteristics, reflected by its lowest initial devolatilization temperature (175 °C) and highest peak temperature (380 °C). Kinetic analysis revealed that coffee husk had the highest overall activation energy (E_a) of 60.59 kJ/mol, indicating complex thermal degradation behavior. The thermodynamic evaluation showed that coffee husk also exhibited the highest enthalpy change (ΔH=55.46 kJ/mol) but the lowest Gibbs free energy change (ΔG=148.34 kJ/mol), suggesting high energy requirements for decomposition but relatively more spontaneous reactions compared to other biomass types. Macadamia nutshell demonstrated high ΔG (163.24 kJ/mol) and moderate ΔH (32.44 kJ/mol), reflecting greater resistance to spontaneous decomposition. The comprehensive pyrolysis index (CPI) and devolatilization index (D_dev) confirmed macadamia nutshell as the most reactive biomass, while rice husk exhibited the lowest reactivity. The findings highlight the importance of multi-step kinetic analysis for accurately understanding pyrolysis processes, providing critical insights for optimizing biomass conversion for energy production. Future research should explore co-pyrolysis with varied biomass mixtures and advanced kinetic modeling to enhance energy yields.

本研究采用热重分析法（TGA）和 Coats-Redfern 法全面分析了咖啡壳、花生壳、澳洲坚果壳、稻壳和茶叶废料等五种生物质废弃物的热分解特性以及动力学和热力学参数。热重分析实验是在珀金埃尔默公司的 STA 6000 仪器上进行的，实验环境为惰性气体 N2，加热速度为 20 ℃/分钟，温度范围为 25 ℃ 至 950 ℃。结果发现了三个不同的热解阶段：干燥、脱醇和成炭，其中澳洲坚果壳具有最高的热反应活性和高效的脱醇特性，这体现在其最低的初始脱醇温度（175 °C）和最高的峰值温度（380 °C）上。动力学分析表明，咖啡壳的总活化能（Ea）最高，为 60.59 kJ/mol，表明其具有复杂的热降解行为。热力学评估显示，咖啡壳的焓变最高（ΔH=55.46 kJ/mol），但吉布斯自由能变化最低（ΔG=148.34 kJ/mol），表明分解需要的能量较高，但与其他生物质相比，自发反应相对较多。澳洲坚果壳表现出较高的ΔG（163.24 kJ/mol）和适度的ΔH（32.44 kJ/mol），反映出其自发分解的阻力较大。综合热解指数（CPI）和分解指数（Ddev）证实，澳洲坚果壳是反应性最强的生物质，而稻壳的反应性最低。研究结果凸显了多步骤动力学分析对于准确理解热解过程的重要性，为优化生物质转化能源生产提供了重要的启示。未来的研究应探索不同生物质混合物的协同热解和先进的动力学建模，以提高能源产量。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing cascade refrigeration systems with low GWP refrigerants for Low-Temperature Applications: A thermodynamic analysis 为低温应用优化使用低全球升温潜能值制冷剂的级联制冷系统：热力学分析

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100722

Md. Miraj Arefin, Dipayan Mondal , Md. Ashraful Islam

This study offers a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of a cascade refrigeration system conducted for low-temperature applications, focusing on the use of low-GWP and zero-ODP refrigerants to improve efficiency and sustainability. The target of this study is to explore the performance of the system using a combination of refrigerants: low-temperature cycle refrigerants such as R744, while high-temperature cycle refrigerants such as R717, R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R1336mzz(E), and R1336mzz(Z), respectively. The ECS model incorporating in REFPROP 10.0a tool was utilized to extract the data through coding for analysis. The assessment of this system involves the examination of various parameters such as its coefficient of performance, total compressor workload, total exergy, and exergy efficiency across various operational conditions. The results are compared with and without superheated and subcooled conditions to understand the impact of these parameters on the system performance. The system with R744 in the low-temperature cycle and R717, R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R1336mzz(E), and R1336mzz(Z) in the high-temperature cycle provides a higher COP and lower total compressor work compared to the conventional cascade refrigeration system. In optimal CRS, the R744-R717 pair attains the highest COP of 2.05 at the lowest possible compressor work from 9.53 to 4.87 kW than other refrigerants pair while evaporator temperature shifting from −55 °C to −20 °C. The exergy efficiency of R744/R717 is found at 26.47 % at an evaporator temperature of −55 °C, but it extends to a peak of 51.73 % at −20 °C. The study also shows that the superheating and sub-cooling of the refrigerants have a significant impact on the performance of the cascade refrigeration system. Superheating and sub-cooling at 10 °C, improves the COP of the system by reducing the compressor work and increasing the heat transfer efficiency. The research offers valuable insights into the system’s thermodynamic performance when employing low GWP refrigerants in low-temperature applications. These findings have the potential to guide the design and optimization of cascade refrigeration systems over the range of low-temperature applications.

本研究对低温应用中的级联制冷系统进行了全面的热力学分析，重点是使用低全球升温潜能值和零臭氧消耗潜能值制冷剂来提高效率和可持续性。本研究的目标是探索使用制冷剂组合的系统性能：低温循环制冷剂，如 R744；高温循环制冷剂，如 R717、R1234yf、R1234ze(E)、R1336mzz(E) 和 R1336mzz(Z)。利用 REFPROP 10.0a 工具中的 ECS 模型，通过编码提取数据进行分析。对该系统的评估包括对各种参数的检查，如性能系数、压缩机总工作量、总放能和各种运行条件下的放能效率。比较了过热和过冷条件下的结果，以了解这些参数对系统性能的影响。与传统的级联制冷系统相比，在低温循环中使用 R744，在高温循环中使用 R717、R1234yf、R1234ze(E)、R1336mzz(E) 和 R1336mzz(Z) 的系统具有更高的 COP 和更低的压缩机总功。在最佳 CRS 中，与其他制冷剂相比，R744-R717 制冷剂对的 COP 最高，达到 2.05，压缩机功耗最低，从 9.53 kW 降至 4.87 kW，而蒸发器温度从 -55 °C 降至 -20 °C。在蒸发器温度为-55 °C时，R744/R717的能效为26.47%，但在-20 °C时，能效达到51.73%的峰值。研究还表明，制冷剂的过热和过冷对级联制冷系统的性能有重大影响。过热和过冷温度为 10 °C，通过减少压缩机功和提高传热效率，提高了系统的 COP。这项研究为在低温应用中使用低全球升温潜能值制冷剂时系统的热力学性能提供了宝贵的见解。这些发现有可能为低温应用范围内的级联制冷系统的设计和优化提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Strategic deployment of GIS-optimized solar charging stations for electric vehicles: A multi-criteria decision-making approach 战略性部署地理信息系统优化的电动汽车太阳能充电站：多标准决策方法

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100712

Marziyeh Razeghi, Ali Roghani Araghi, Amir Naseri, Hossein Yousefi

Climate change and the rise in carbon dioxide levels due to gasoline vehicles are global challenges that require innovative and sustainable solutions; this study presents an innovative strategy to promote electric vehicles (EVs) adoption through the establishment of solar-powered charging stations. Utilizing ArcGIS10.8.2 software, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to identify optimal locations for these stations, considering technical, economic, environmental, and geological data. This research, unlike other past research, leverages public spaces such as gas stations, shopping centers, and parking lots for station construction, minimizing operational costs and fostering a sustainable infrastructure. This approach applies not only to the study area of this research, which is Khuzestan province, but can also be extended to other regions and serves as a model for reducing CO₂ emissions in the transportation sector worldwide. This research evaluates the location for establishing electric vehicle charging stations using solar energy innovatively, from both technical and operational perspectives. By using the systematic and new method presented in this research, it is possible to identify the highest potential for the construction of electric car charging stations that simultaneously use solar energy all over the world, and the results of applying this new method in the studied area showed that 90 % of the cities within this province have the potential to establish charging stations for electric vehicles utilizing sunlight. Specifically, Mahshahr County in this province can supply 90.55 % of the required energy for charging stations through solar energy. Operationally, 70 % of the cities in the region possess such potential. The study demonstrated that this area has the capacity to convert 11 % of vehicles to electric cars by 2040 and can reduce CO₂ emissions by more than 30 tons.

气候变化和汽油车导致的二氧化碳水平上升是全球性挑战，需要创新和可持续的解决方案；本研究提出了一项创新战略，通过建立太阳能充电站来促进电动汽车（EV）的采用。本研究利用 ArcGIS10.8.2 软件进行了综合分析，在考虑技术、经济、环境和地质数据的基础上，确定了这些充电站的最佳位置。与以往其他研究不同的是，这项研究利用加油站、购物中心和停车场等公共空间来建设充电站，从而最大限度地降低运营成本，促进可持续基础设施的发展。这种方法不仅适用于本研究的研究区域（胡齐斯坦省），还可推广到其他地区，并可作为全球交通领域减少二氧化碳排放的典范。本研究从技术和运营角度对利用太阳能建立电动汽车充电站的地点进行了创新性评估。通过使用本研究提出的系统性新方法，可以确定全世界最有潜力同时利用太阳能建设电动汽车充电站的地区，在研究地区应用这种新方法的结果显示，该省 90% 的城市都有潜力利用阳光建立电动汽车充电站。具体而言，该省的马赫沙尔县可以通过太阳能提供充电站所需的 90.55% 的能源。在实际操作中，该地区 70% 的城市都具备这样的潜力。研究表明，到 2040 年，该地区有能力将 11% 的车辆转换为电动汽车，并可减少 30 多吨二氧化碳排放。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in digital twin technology and machine learning for energy systems: A comprehensive review of applications in smart grids, renewable energy, and electric vehicle optimisation 数字孪生技术和机器学习在能源系统中的应用：智能电网、可再生能源和电动汽车优化应用综述

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100715

Opy Das , Muhammad Hamza Zafar , Filippo Sanfilippo , Souman Rudra , Mohan Lal Kolhe

The growing interest in Digital Twin (DT) Technology represents a significant advancement in academic research and industrial applications. Leveraging advancements in Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, and communication devices, DTs are increasingly utilised across different sectors, notably in the energy domain such as Power Systems and Smart Grids. DT concepts facilitate the creation of virtual models mirroring physical assets, streamlining real-time data management and analysis. Driven by the potential of DTs to revolutionise energy systems, this paper offers a comprehensive review of DT applications in the power sector, specifically within next-generation energy systems like Smart Grids. TThe integration of DT technology with Machine Learning (ML) algorithms is highlighted as a key factor in significantly enhancing the performance and capabilities of these advanced energy systems. In contrast to prior reviews, our study meticulously investigates all of the crucial components of energy systems, including forecasting, anomaly detection, and security, which are fundamental for improving the management of operational grids. In addition, the study examines the seamless incorporation of Renewable Energy into current grids and investigates how DT technology could contribute to Electric Vehicles for increased sustainability and reliability within the Smart Grid framework. This review underlines that DTs significantly enhance the management of real-time data and analysis, consequently improving operational grid management. There are ample opportunities into further research and development to design a more advanced and digital system as compared to conventional power systems. The findings are presented in clear and concise tables, highlighting current limitations, proposing effective solutions, and identifying potential future research directions in academia and industry.

人们对数字孪生（DT）技术的兴趣与日俱增，这代表了学术研究和工业应用的重大进步。借助物联网（IoT）、传感器和通信设备的进步，数字孪生技术越来越多地应用于不同领域，特别是电力系统和智能电网等能源领域。DT 概念有助于创建反映物理资产的虚拟模型，简化实时数据管理和分析。由于 DT 具有彻底改变能源系统的潜力，本文全面回顾了 DT 在电力领域的应用，特别是在智能电网等下一代能源系统中的应用。本文强调了 DT 技术与机器学习 (ML) 算法的集成，认为这是显著提高这些先进能源系统性能和能力的关键因素。与之前的综述不同，我们的研究细致地调查了能源系统的所有关键组成部分，包括预测、异常检测和安全性，这些都是改善运行电网管理的基础。此外，本研究还探讨了将可再生能源无缝融入当前电网的问题，并研究了 DT 技术如何在智能电网框架内帮助电动汽车提高可持续性和可靠性。本综述强调，数据传输技术大大加强了对实时数据的管理和分析，从而改善了电网的运行管理。与传统电力系统相比，进一步研究和开发设计更先进的数字化系统的机会很多。研究结果以简洁明了的表格形式呈现，突出了当前的局限性，提出了有效的解决方案，并确定了学术界和工业界未来潜在的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Iterative sizing methodology for photovoltaic plants coupled with battery energy storage systems to ensure smooth power output and power availability 光伏电站与电池储能系统耦合的迭代规模确定方法，以确保平稳的电力输出和电力可用性

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100716

Victor Vega–Garita , Veronica Alpizar–Gutierrez , Fausto Calderon–Obaldia , Oscar Núñez–Mata , Andrés Arguello , Eero Immonen

Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is a fundamental technology that will help transition from a fossil fuel–based energy mix to a future with high shares of renewable energy. To do so, PV plants coupled with energy storage systems can accumulate excess power and dispatch it when PV generation changes, performing PV smoothing. While coupling PV plants with battery energy storage systems (BESS) offers a solution, current methodologies often need to thoroughly describe the interplay between BESS energy capacity, power rating, and the long–term impacts of battery degradation. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a four–step methodology that optimizes BESS sizing for PV plants, accounting for both cycling and calendar aging effects on system performance and the economic implications of battery replacements. We use a model that considers the degradation of PV modules and two Li–ion battery types (LiFePO₄, LFP, and LiNiMnCoO₂, NMC). A 16.3 MW PV plant is simulated along with the BESS to test the methodology. The results indicate that an LFP–based BESS of 2.5 MWh with a rated power of 1.25 MW ensures a stable output power with variation below 10% of the rated PV plant 98 % of the time. In contrast, an NMC–based BESS, while effective in reducing non–compliance, incurs higher costs due to more frequent battery replacements, making it less economically viable. The methodology and results presented in this paper provide valuable insights for designing cost–effective and reliable energy storage solutions in PV plants, ensuring compliance with set power availability.

光伏（PV）太阳能是一项基础技术，有助于从以化石燃料为主的能源组合过渡到可再生能源比例较高的未来。为此，光伏电站与储能系统相结合，可以积累多余电力，并在光伏发电量发生变化时进行调度，从而实现光伏平滑。虽然光伏电站与电池储能系统（BESS）的耦合提供了一种解决方案，但目前的方法往往需要全面描述电池储能系统的能量容量、额定功率和电池衰减的长期影响之间的相互作用。本文针对这一不足，提出了一种四步方法，可优化光伏电站 BESS 的大小，同时考虑循环和日历老化对系统性能的影响以及电池更换的经济影响。我们使用的模型考虑了光伏组件和两种锂离子电池（LiFePO4，LFP 和 LiNiMnCoO2，NMC）的退化。模拟了一个 16.3 兆瓦的光伏电站和 BESS，以测试该方法。结果表明，额定功率为 1.25 兆瓦、发电量为 2.5 兆瓦时、基于 LFP 的 BESS 可确保在 98% 的时间内稳定输出功率，其变化幅度低于额定光伏电站的 10%。相比之下，基于 NMC 的 BESS 虽然能有效减少不合规情况，但由于需要频繁更换电池，因此成本较高，经济可行性较低。本文介绍的方法和结果为在光伏电站中设计具有成本效益且可靠的储能解决方案提供了宝贵的见解，从而确保符合设定的电力可用性。

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引用次数: 0

Status and prospects of energy efficiency in the glass industry: Measuring, assessing and improving energy performance 玻璃行业能源效率的现状和前景：测量、评估和改进能源性能

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100720

Lorenzo Miserocchi, Alessandro Franco, Daniele Testi

The significant share of energy-related emissions in the glass industry necessitates robust energy efficiency strategies. This paper evaluates the status and prospects of energy efficiency by integrating the measurement, assessment, and improvement of energy performance through energy data and modelling. Measurement and assessment are crucial for effective energy management in hard-to-abate industrial sectors, providing insight into the existence and extent of potential energy efficiency gains. The use of appropriate performance indicators allows for comparison across production contexts and the monitoring of improvements achieved through interventions. The benchmarking of a representative sample of container glass furnaces reveals a current potential for improvement of around 10% based on alignment with best practices. Energy modelling is used to map energy flows along the various systems involved in production, thereby identifying major energy losses. Energy efficiency options can then be categorised based on their contribution to improving energy performance, facilitating the identification of solutions that address current bottlenecks. The study discusses promising opportunities arising from improved batch compositions and outlines the role of renewable penetration on the viability of hydrogen use and furnace electrification. The proposed approach can be transferred to other hard-to-abate industrial sectors to drive progress in decarbonisation.

玻璃行业的能源相关排放占很大比重，因此必须采取强有力的能效战略。本文通过能源数据和建模对能源效率的测量、评估和改进进行了整合，从而对能源效率的现状和前景进行了评估。测量和评估对于难以消减的工业部门进行有效的能源管理至关重要，可深入了解潜在能效增益的存在和程度。使用适当的绩效指标可以对不同的生产环境进行比较，并监测通过干预措施实现的改进。通过对具有代表性的集装箱玻璃窑炉样本进行基准测试，发现在与最佳实践保持一致的基础上，目前的改进潜力约为 10%。能源建模用于绘制生产过程中各系统的能源流，从而确定主要的能源损耗。然后，可根据能效方案对提高能源绩效的贡献对其进行分类，从而有助于确定解决当前瓶颈问题的方案。该研究讨论了改进批次成分所带来的机遇，并概述了可再生能源渗透对氢气使用和熔炉电气化可行性的作用。所提出的方法可应用于其他难以消减的工业部门，以推动脱碳进程。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid local energy markets: Incorporating utility function-based peer risk attributes, renewable energy integration, and grid constraints analysis 混合本地能源市场：纳入基于效用函数的同行风险属性、可再生能源整合和电网约束分析

IF 7.1 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100713

Mehran Moradi , Hooman Farzaneh

This study proposes a novel hybrid Local Energy Market (LEM) trading framework meticulously designed for efficient energy trading among distribution network participants. The proposed LEM hybrid modeling framework aims to maximize social welfare by considering the behavior of market participants and incorporating network constraints into the transactional framework. To address the consumption behavior of market participants, the concept of the utility function with peer risk attributes is employed, differentiating between flexible and inflexible demands. Additionally, it adeptly manages various generation types, including diesel generators, wind and solar generators, and storage, each characterized by a unique cost function. The investigation extends to the analysis of the Japan Electric Power Exchange market (JEPX), taking into account the residential electricity demand in Tokyo, Japan, by comparing with community-based (CB) and peer-to-peer (P2P) markets and scrutinizing market player behavior across multiple scenarios. These scenarios include comparisons of different market structures, variations in prices, considerations of grid constraints, and diverse weather scenarios. The proposed framework undergoes rigorous evaluation utilizing the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus standard test systems, with results demonstrating its practicality, superiority of the proposed market compared to the CB and P2P markets, and providing valuable insights into the intricate interplay between market players’ behavior and the dynamics of diverse market structures, price fluctuations, grid constraints, and weather scenarios.

本研究提出了一种新颖的地方能源市场（LEM）混合交易框架，该框架经过精心设计，可用于配电网参与者之间的高效能源交易。所提出的 LEM 混合建模框架旨在通过考虑市场参与者的行为并将网络约束纳入交易框架来实现社会福利最大化。针对市场参与者的消费行为，采用了带有同级风险属性的效用函数概念，区分了灵活需求和非灵活需求。此外，它还巧妙地管理了各种发电类型，包括柴油发电机、风能和太阳能发电机以及储能，每种类型都有独特的成本函数。调查扩展到对日本电力交换市场（JEPX）的分析，考虑到日本东京的居民用电需求，通过与基于社区的市场（CB）和点对点市场（P2P）进行比较，并在多种情景下仔细研究市场参与者的行为。这些情景包括不同市场结构的比较、价格的变化、电网限制的考虑以及不同的天气情况。提议的框架利用 IEEE 33 总线和 69 总线标准测试系统进行了严格的评估，结果证明了其实用性、提议的市场与 CB 和 P2P 市场相比的优越性，并对市场参与者的行为与不同市场结构、价格波动、电网限制和天气情况的动态之间错综复杂的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0