Energy Conversion and Management-X最新文献_第7页

An experimental investigation of the effects of absorber plate cooling methods on the efficiency of a solar cogeneration system 吸收板冷却方式对太阳能热电联产系统效率影响的实验研究

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101547

Ali Balal , Mohsen Ghorbian

The increasing global population and escalating clean and renewable energy sources must be widely used in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, photovoltaic (PV) systems have gained significant prominence worldwide. Modern PV panels are increasingly utilized in both industrial and residential applications as a sustainable and cost-effective method for generating electricity and heat. This study investigates the impact of absorber plate cooling methods on the electrical and thermal performance of a solar photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) co-generation system. A novel hybrid cooling approach, employing simultaneous water and air cooling, was implemented in the present system. The performance of this hybrid-cooled system was then compared against a system without cooling. Experiments were conducted during the summer season (June-July-August 2025) at the University of Kashan’s Energy Research Institute. The implementation of the novel hybrid cooling method resulted in approximate increases of 40%, 53%, and 93% in electrical, thermal, and overall efficiencies, respectively. The findings indicate that water cooling significantly improved electrical and thermal efficiencies by up to 50% and 130%, respectively, compared to air cooling. Furthermore, the electrical efficiency of the water-cooled system exhibited a relative improvement of up to 100% compared to the uncooled reference case, particularly under high operating temperature conditions. Notably, the highest overall electrical and thermal efficiency, approximately 93%, was achieved with the novel hybrid cooling method (simultaneous Air cooling in the interior channel and water cooling of the panel’s front and back surfaces at the same time). Additionally, the hybrid’s thermal efficiency cooling method demonstrated rises of approximately 200% and 75% when compared to air and water cooling, respectively.

为了减少温室气体排放，必须广泛使用日益增长的全球人口和不断升级的清洁和可再生能源。在这种背景下，光伏（PV）系统在世界范围内获得了显著的突出。现代光伏板越来越多地用于工业和住宅应用，作为一种可持续的和具有成本效益的发电和供热方法。本研究探讨了吸收板冷却方式对太阳能光伏-热（PV/T）热电联产系统的电学和热学性能的影响。该系统采用了一种新型的混合冷却方式，即水冷和风冷同时进行。然后将这种混合冷却系统的性能与没有冷却的系统进行比较。实验于夏季（2025年6月至7月至8月）在卡尚大学能源研究所进行。采用这种新型混合冷却方法后，电气、热力和整体效率分别提高了约40%、53%和93%。研究结果表明，与空气冷却相比，水冷却显著提高了电气和热效率，分别提高了50%和130%。此外，与非冷却的参考情况相比，水冷系统的电效率相对提高了100%，特别是在高工作温度条件下。值得注意的是，采用新型混合冷却方法（同时在内部通道进行空气冷却，同时对面板的前后表面进行水冷却），实现了最高的整体电气和热效率，约为93%。此外，与风冷和水冷相比，混合动力的热效率冷却方法分别提高了约200%和75%。

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引用次数: 0

Fuel cells in aviation: challenges to power the future of flight 航空燃料电池：未来飞行动力的挑战

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101426

Paolo Aliberti , Christian Simone , Paolo Addesso , Giorgia De Piano , Francesco Donsì , Alice Galdi , Luigi Maritato , Roberto Pantani , Cesare Pianese , Pierpaolo Polverino , Fabio Postiglione , Marco Sorrentino

The aviation sector is currently transitioning towards hybrid electric aircraft, driven by sustainability imperatives and technological progress. This article examines fuel cells’ potential to meet aeronautical power demands, analyzing the state of the art to identify key performance indicators (KPIs) and research challenges in advancing hydrogen-based aviation. Several technologies, including proton exchange membrane and solid oxide fuel cells, are evaluated as candidates for on-board installation. Then, the following research areas are identified and discussed: design, control, thermal management, and degradation. These interconnected tasks are essential for advancing the state of the art, a goal achievable through effective modeling approaches at the individual component and system levels. One of the KPIs requiring substantial improvement is the system’s mass-to-power ratio. This metric largely relies on the integration of advanced materials and manufacturing techniques at the stack level, aimed at reducing the bipolar plates mass and optimizing membrane electrode assembly performance to increase the operating temperature, thus leading to lighter and more compact thermal management systems. At system level, enhancing the hydrogen storage tank’s gravimetric capacity is a priority in keeping the aircraft’s maximal take-off mass (MTOM) within acceptable limits. Moreover, the integrated sizing of the fuel cell system alongside energy storage (e.g., batteries) and the development of multi-level control strategies can help mitigate MTOM increase, optimize performance, and enhance the durability of hydrogen-based devices. Finally, the original equipment manufacturers of fuel cell systems for the transportation sector, particularly aviation, are identified to offer insights into ongoing efforts towards achieving net-zero aviation.

在可持续发展要求和技术进步的推动下，航空业目前正在向混合动力飞机过渡。本文探讨了燃料电池在满足航空动力需求方面的潜力，分析了目前的技术状况，以确定推进氢基航空的关键性能指标（kpi）和研究挑战。包括质子交换膜和固体氧化物燃料电池在内的几种技术被评估为车载安装的候选技术。然后，确定并讨论了以下研究领域：设计、控制、热管理和降解。这些相互关联的任务对于提高技术水平是必不可少的，这是通过在单个组件和系统级别上有效的建模方法实现的目标。需要大幅改进的kpi之一是系统的质量功率比。这一指标在很大程度上依赖于先进材料和制造技术的集成，旨在减少双极板质量，优化膜电极组件性能，以提高工作温度，从而实现更轻、更紧凑的热管理系统。在系统层面，提高储氢罐的重力容量是将飞机的最大起飞质量（MTOM）保持在可接受范围内的优先事项。此外，燃料电池系统的集成尺寸与能量存储（例如电池）和多级控制策略的发展可以帮助减少MTOM的增加，优化性能并提高氢基设备的耐用性。最后，运输部门，特别是航空部门燃料电池系统的原始设备制造商被确定为实现净零航空的持续努力提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing high-density pulsed plasma for sustained oxygen supply on Mars 利用高密度脉冲等离子体在火星上持续供氧

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101495

Adrian Scurtu , Dorina Ticoș , Constantin Diplașu , Nicoleta Udrea , Maria Luiza Mitu , Beatrice Paraschiv , Cătalin M. Ticoș

A pulsed, non-equilibrium, high-density arc (magnetoplasma-dynamic type) exploits a bimodal electron energy distribution function (EEDF) to dissociate CO₂ under Martian pressures (1–5 Torr). The discharge sustains two distinct electron populations: a primary high-energy tail (T_e ≈ 13 eV, n_e ≈ 10²¹ m⁻³) driving direct dissociation (∼74 % of O₂ yield via Franck–Condon splitting), and a secondary cooler population (T_e ≈ 5 eV) enabling vibrational excitation (∼26 % via ladder climbing to auto-dissociative states). Within the studied voltage range (1–2 kV), the coaxial gun achieves maximum oxygen yield per input energy at 2 kV (0.03 g per 10 pulses, 3.0 × 10⁻⁵ g/J) and peak energy efficiency at 1 kV (49 ± 7.35 Wh/g). In a repetitive, high-intensity regime with rapid capacitor charging, a production rate of 137 ± 13.7 g/hour is projected. This dual-channel physics enables efficient, low-temperature CO₂ splitting, making it highly suitable for scalable ISRU oxygen production on Mars.

脉冲、非平衡、高密度电弧（磁等离子体动力型）利用双峰电子能量分布函数（EEDF）在火星压力（1-5托）下解离二氧化碳。放电维持两个不同的电子群：一个初级高能尾（Te≈13 eV, ne≈1021 m−3）驱动直接解离（通过frank - condon分裂产生~ 74%的O2），和一个次级冷电子群（Te≈5 eV）实现振动激发（通过阶梯攀登到自动解离状态产生~ 26%）。在所研究的电压范围内（1 - 2 kV），同轴枪在2 kV （0.03 g/ 10脉冲，3.0 × 10−5 g/J）时获得最大的每输入能量产氧量，在1 kV（49±7.35 Wh/g）时达到峰值能量效率。在重复、高强度、电容器快速充电的情况下，预计生产速率为137±13.7 g/小时。这种双通道物理实现了高效、低温的二氧化碳分解，使其非常适合在火星上可扩展的ISRU氧气生产。

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引用次数: 0

Explicit physically-based and multiple linear regression based models for a recently invented solar pot 明确的基于物理和多元线性回归的模型为最近发明的太阳能锅

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101460

Márton Rátkai , Gábor Géczi , Richárd Kicsiny , László Székely

Creating easy-to-apply mathematical models to describe temperatures in solar cookers is very important in the field, as solar cooking is an essential element of exploiting renewable energy sources, for decreasing CO₂ emission. In this study, a new, easy-to-use and general black-box model (abbreviated as LR model, where LR stands for linear regression) is proposed and validated for a recently invented solar pot. The model is based on multiple linear regression. In a recent publication, it was already presented that the solar pot can be utilized well in the practice for preparing foods or other liquids by solar heat. The linear solar pot model is one of the simplest black-box models, which can pursue the transient processes of the solar pot accurately. A recent physically-based (or white-box) model, which was already used successfully in the practice, although not validated so far, is also applied for comparison with the LR model. A novel explicit analytical solution is provided and validated for the system of differential equations of the physically-based model. Based on measured data on the real, experimental solar pot, the modeling precision of the LR model, with an error of 0.6% (regarding the cooking tank temperature of the solar pot), is higher than that of the (analytical solution of the) physically-based model, with an error of 3.6%, nevertheless, both models’ precisions are outstanding. Uncertainty analysis is carried out for both models. The simple usability of both models, especially of the LR model, is mentioned, and future research possibilities are proposed.

创建易于应用的数学模型来描述太阳能炊具的温度在该领域非常重要，因为太阳能炊具是开发可再生能源的基本要素，可以减少二氧化碳的排放。在这项研究中，提出了一个新的，易于使用的和通用的黑箱模型（简称LR模型，其中LR代表线性回归），并对新发明的太阳能锅进行了验证。该模型基于多元线性回归。在最近的一份出版物中，已经提出了太阳能锅可以很好地用于利用太阳能热制备食物或其他液体的实践。线性太阳锅模型是最简单的黑箱模型之一，可以准确地追求太阳锅的瞬态过程。最近，一种基于物理的（或白盒）模型已经在实践中得到了成功的应用，尽管到目前为止还没有得到验证，但也被用于与LR模型进行比较。提出了一种新的基于物理模型的微分方程组显式解析解，并对其进行了验证。基于真实实验太阳锅的实测数据，LR模型的建模精度（关于太阳锅的蒸煮槽温度）误差为0.6%，高于基于物理模型的（解析解）误差3.6%，但两种模型的精度都很突出。对两种模型进行了不确定性分析。文中提到了两种模型，特别是LR模型的简单可用性，并提出了未来研究的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Canal-top photovoltaic systems on the Qush-Tepa Canal: a model for energy–water synergy 库什-特帕运河上的运河顶部光伏系统：一个能源-水协同作用的模型

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101502

Hameedullah Zaheb , Mohammad Shahab Sharifi , Mohammad Shafi Sharifi , Abdul Ghayoor Shokory , Atsushi Yona

Amid chronic energy shortages, severe water scarcity, and limited land availability for utility-scale solar installations, Afghanistan urgently needs integrated solutions that address its interlinked resource challenges. This study presents the first comprehensive techno-environmental and economic assessment of a Canal-Top Photovoltaic (CTPV) system on Afghanistan’s ambitious Qush-Tepa irrigation canal; offering an innovative blueprint for sustainable energy-water synergy in arid and conflict-affected regions. The proposed system would cover 20 % of the canal area (5,712 m²), with first-hand data sourced from primary data sources, online databases, published research, and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. This study employs and introduces the Integrated Techno-Economic-Environmental Assessment (ITEEA) approach, incorporating SAM software, the Evaporation Coefficient Method (ECM), and cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the viability of CTPV deployment on the Qush-Tepa canal. The CTPV system is designed with an installed capacity of 836 MW and using a base-case capacity factor of 20 %, the system is capable of generating approximately 1,465 GWh annually, with a sensitivity range of 1,318–1,684 GWh corresponding to capacity factors of 18–23 %. Furthermore, the system reduces water evaporation by approximately 20 %, conserving about 445 million m³ of water and yielding water-saving benefits valued at approximately USD 200 million over 25 years. Land-use savings contribute an additional USD 118 million to the total benefits. The initial investment required is approximately USD 1.08 billion, with project economics evaluated over a 25-year lifetime using a base discount rate of 12 % and sensitivity analysis across 8–16 %. Under favorable financing and performance scenarios, the system demonstrates positive economic returns, while results remain sensitive to capacity factor and discount rate assumptions. These findings validate the technical feasibility, economic potential, and long-term sustainability of the project, highlighting its capacity to address Afghanistan’s energy and water scarcity challenges. Policymakers are strongly encouraged to integrate CTPV deployment into national energy and water strategies, as it presents a transformative solution with high return on investment and multi-sectoral impact.

在长期的能源短缺、严重的水资源短缺以及用于公用事业规模太阳能装置的土地有限的情况下，阿富汗迫切需要综合解决方案来应对其相互关联的资源挑战。本研究首次对阿富汗雄心勃勃的库什-特帕灌溉运河上的运河顶光伏（CTPV）系统进行了全面的技术、环境和经济评估；为干旱和受冲突影响地区的可持续能源-水协同作用提供创新蓝图。拟议的系统将覆盖运河面积的20%（5712平方米），其第一手数据来自主要数据源、在线数据库、已发表的研究和Sentinel-2卫星图像。本研究采用技术经济环境综合评价（ITEEA）方法，结合SAM软件、蒸发系数法（ECM）和成本效益分析来评估库什-特帕运河CTPV部署的可行性。CTPV系统的设计装机容量为836兆瓦，使用20%的基本容量系数，该系统的年发电量约为1465吉瓦时，灵敏度范围为1318 - 1684吉瓦时，对应的容量系数为18 - 23%。此外，该系统减少了约20%的水蒸发，节约了约4.45亿立方米的水，在25年内产生了约2亿美元的节水效益。土地使用节省又为总收益贡献了1.18亿美元。初始投资约为10.8亿美元，在25年的生命周期内，项目经济评估采用12%的基本贴现率和8 - 16%的敏感性分析。在良好的融资和绩效情景下，该系统显示出正的经济回报，但结果对产能系数和贴现率假设仍然敏感。这些发现验证了该项目的技术可行性、经济潜力和长期可持续性，突出了其解决阿富汗能源和水资源短缺挑战的能力。强烈鼓励政策制定者将CTPV部署纳入国家能源和水战略，因为它提供了一种具有高投资回报和多部门影响的变革性解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimization of the RBC-PTES system using s-CO2 mixtures as the working fluid 以s-CO2混合物为工作流体的RBC-PTES系统多目标优化

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101490

Robert Valencia-Chapi , Paul Tafur-Escanta , Luis Garzón-Pérez , Javier Rodríguez-Martín , Javier Muñoz-Antón

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources requires the development of efficient and economically viable storage technologies to ensure grid stability and operational flexibility. Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) based on the Recompression Brayton Cycle (RBC) has emerged as a promising solution, particularly when employing supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO₂) and its mixtures as working fluids. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization of an RBC-PTES system, employing the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), with the dual objectives of maximising round-trip efficiency and minimising the Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS). An evaluation was conducted in which two s-CO₂ mixtures, CO₂/Kr and CO₂/Xe as working fluid, were assessed against pure CO₂. The findings reveal mixtures improve the behaviour of the system over pure CO₂: the CO₂/Xe mixture attains the lowest level of LCOS (133.6 $/MWh), while CO₂/Kr attains the highest round-trip efficiency (61.2 %), thereby highlighting a discernible trade-off between cost-effectiveness and efficiency. With these results it is demonstrated that the utilisation of mixtures based on s-CO₂ as a working fluid enhances the technical–economic and exergetic performance of RBC-PTES systems. A detailed exergetic analysis revealed that irreversibilities are mainly concentrated in the high-temperature recuperator and compression stages, suggesting opportunities for targeted design improvements. Furthermore, an electricity price forecast was developed using a GA-optimized bidirectional LSTM model and successfully captured a sustained upward trend in last year energy prices. A relevant finding of this work is that the incorporation of this forecast into the economic assessment demonstrated the strong dependency of LCOS on electricity market variability, thereby confirming that dynamic price conditions have the capacity to significantly alter system competitiveness.

可再生能源的日益普及要求开发高效且经济可行的储能技术，以确保电网的稳定性和运行灵活性。基于再压缩布雷顿循环（RBC）的抽水蓄能（PTES）已经成为一种很有前途的解决方案，特别是当使用超临界二氧化碳（s-CO2）及其混合物作为工作流体时。本研究采用非支配排序遗传算法II （NSGA-II）对RBC-PTES系统进行多目标优化，以最大化往返效率和最小化Levelized Cost of Storage （LCOS）为双重目标。将两种s-CO2混合物（CO2/Kr和CO2/Xe）作为工作流体，与纯CO2进行了评估。研究结果表明，与纯CO2相比，混合物改善了系统的行为：CO2/Xe混合物达到了最低的LCOS水平（133.6美元/兆瓦时），而CO2/Kr达到了最高的往返效率（61.2%），从而突出了成本效益和效率之间的明显权衡。这些结果表明，使用基于s-CO2的混合物作为工作流体可以提高RBC-PTES系统的技术经济性能和工作性能。详细的火用分析表明，不可逆性主要集中在高温回热器和压缩阶段，这表明有针对性的设计改进的机会。此外，使用ga优化的双向LSTM模型开发了电价预测，并成功捕获了去年能源价格的持续上升趋势。这项工作的一个相关发现是，将这一预测纳入经济评估，证明了LCOS对电力市场变异性的强烈依赖，从而证实了动态价格条件有能力显著改变系统竞争力。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated gas heat pump (GHP) system for residential complexes: modeling cooling, hot water, and electricity generation 住宅综合体综合气体热泵（GHP）系统：模拟冷却、热水和发电

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101477

Seyed Amirmahdi Hosseini, Rouhollah Ahmadi, Amir Rahmani

This paper presents the performance of a gas engine-driven heat pump system, which can supply building cooling, electricity generation by a generator, and domestic hot water by means of waste-heat recovery from the engine. The novelty of the proposed system consists in integrating the refrigeration cycle and the on-site power generation by using a unique gas engine; both the refrigeration compressor and the generator are driven by the same engine in a fully integrated multi-generation configuration. The gas heat pump cycle is simulated in Python using R410A refrigerant, while the required cooling and electrical loads are derived from a building simulation performed in DesignBuilder for a residential complex in the hot and humid climatic conditions of Bandar Abbas, Iran. The refrigeration COP_eq is defined as the ratio of the evaporator cooling capacity to the primary energy input (fuel) and is used to assess the cooling performance. The Primary energy ratio (PER) can be defined as the ratio of the total useful outputs (cooling, recovered heat, and generated electricity) to the fuel energy input and gives an indication of the overall efficiency of the multi-generation system. The accuracy of the model is ensured by comparing the simulation results with available experimental data and validated studies. The results show that the system meets the peak cooling load of 391 kW with a COP_eq ranging from 0.1947 to 0.9467 during the warm months. The PER varies between 0.55 and 1.147 without heat recovery and increases to 0.91–1.5 when heat recovery is included during the warm months. The system produces approximately 2.511 m3/h of domestic hot water through waste heat recovery, resulting in a monthly production of approximately 1808 m3. The generator’s electrical output, as an independent product of the system, varies from 161.5 kW during winter to 81.54 kW during summer. These results demonstrate that electricity generation, cooling, and waste-heat recovery can be integrated into a single gas engine, offering a practical pathway for energy efficiency in buildings. This also supports the development of small-scale multi-generation systems for building-sector applications.

本文介绍了燃气发动机驱动的热泵系统的性能，该系统可以为建筑物提供制冷、发电机发电和利用发动机余热回收生活热水。所提出系统的新颖性在于通过使用独特的燃气发动机将制冷循环和现场发电集成在一起；制冷压缩机和发电机由同一台发动机驱动，采用完全集成的多代配置。气体热泵循环在Python中使用R410A制冷剂进行模拟，而所需的冷却和电力负荷则来自DesignBuilder对伊朗阿巴斯港炎热潮湿气候条件下的住宅综合体进行的建筑模拟。制冷COPeq定义为蒸发器制冷量与一次能量输入（燃料）的比值，用于评估蒸发器的制冷性能。一次能量比（PER）可以定义为总有用输出（冷却，回收热量和发电）与燃料能量输入的比率，并表明多发电系统的总体效率。通过将仿真结果与现有实验数据和已验证的研究结果进行比较，保证了模型的准确性。结果表明，该系统在暖月可满足391 kW的峰值冷负荷，COPeq在0.1947 ~ 0.9467之间。在不考虑热回收的情况下，PER在0.55 ~ 1.147之间变化，在暖季考虑热回收时，PER增加到0.91 ~ 1.5。该系统通过余热回收产生约2511立方米/小时的生活热水，每月产量约为1808立方米。发电机的电力输出作为系统的一个独立产品，从冬季的161.5 kW到夏季的81.54 kW不等。这些结果表明，发电、冷却和废热回收可以集成到一台燃气发动机中，为提高建筑物的能源效率提供了一条切实可行的途径。这也支持了用于建筑部门应用的小型多发电系统的开发。

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引用次数: 0

Transient 2D numerical study of water transport in porous media of a fuel cell using VOF model 基于VOF模型的燃料电池多孔介质中水输运二维瞬态数值研究

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101484

Zabihollah Najafianashrafi, Heng Zhang, Joy Marie Mora, Po-Ya Abel Chuang

To improve the effectiveness and durability of proton exchange membrane and alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells, understanding water transport in porous media is crucial. The standard porous media consist of three layers: the gas diffusion layer, microporous layer, and catalyst layer. Water plays a vital role in maintaining membrane hydration; however, excessive accumulation leads to flooding and performance loss. This study numerically investigates the effects of mixed wettability, pore size, operating temperature, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) loading on water transport within porous media. The model captures water breakthrough and capillary fingering phenomena, revealing that lower PTFE loading increases water saturation. However, the local microstructure of the porous media significantly influences overall water distribution, particularly near localized water generation points. Furthermore, the results indicate that for a water mass flow rate of 0.41 g/s, the pressure required to permeate through the microporous layer exceeds 600 kPa, which is physically unrealistic for a practical fuel cell. By strategically engineering the porous media microstructure, such as optimizing pore distributions and PTFE loading, water transport can be enhanced, reducing water accumulation in the catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer. These findings provide valuable insights for fuel cell design and performance optimization.

为了提高质子交换膜和碱性交换膜燃料电池的有效性和耐久性，了解多孔介质中的水传输是至关重要的。标准多孔介质由三层组成：气体扩散层、微孔层和催化剂层。水在维持膜水合作用中起着至关重要的作用；然而，过度的堆积会导致水淹和性能损失。本研究数值研究了混合润湿性、孔径、操作温度和聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）载荷对多孔介质中水输运的影响。该模型捕获了水突破和毛细指动现象，揭示了较低的PTFE载荷增加了含水饱和度。然而，多孔介质的局部微观结构显著影响整体水分布，特别是在局部生水点附近。此外，结果表明，当水质量流量为0.41 g/s时，通过微孔层所需的压力超过600 kPa，这对于实际燃料电池来说是不现实的。通过对多孔介质微观结构进行战略性改造，如优化孔隙分布和聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）负载，可以增强水的输运，减少催化剂层和气体扩散层中的水积聚。这些发现为燃料电池的设计和性能优化提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Prevent a premature death of a 300 MW hydropower plant: upgrading Tekeze hydropower plant 防止300兆瓦 水电站过早死亡：升级特克泽水电站

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101480

Asfafaw Haileselassie Tesfay , Leif Lia , Kaspar Vereide

The 300 MW Tekeze hydropower plant, in Ethiopia, is facing premature performance degradation and technical challenges that are endangering its continued operation. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of the power plant and identified critical issues including but not limited to severe unit vibration, design flaws that prevented power generation while spilling, outage, transmission line and dam safety vulnerabilities, considerable energy wastage accounted during planned and forced spillage. Through field inspection, data analysis, and numerical modeling, this study proposed targeted upgrading and expansion intervention solutions. These include redirecting the transmission line through a new tunnel, indoor housing of the transformers, adding two new 75 MW units, and exploring a multipurpose expansion with pumping facilities for energy dissipation. The technical results demonstrate that the proposed upgrading improves governor stability and hydraulic transients. The proposed upgrading interventions are paramount important to prevent the plant’s premature death, restore the plant’s capacity, and enhance its operational flexibility and safety. This seeks the attention of the Ethiopian government and development partners to avert the prevailing premature infrastructure, economic losses, and associated consequences.

位于埃塞俄比亚的300兆瓦 Tekeze水电站正面临着性能过早下降和技术挑战，危及其持续运行。本研究对电厂进行了全面评估，并确定了关键问题，包括但不限于严重的机组振动、泄漏时无法发电的设计缺陷、停电、输电线路和大坝安全漏洞、计划和强制泄漏期间的大量能源浪费。通过实地考察、数据分析和数值模拟，提出了有针对性的改造扩展修井方案。这些措施包括通过新的隧道重新定向输电线路，变压器的室内外壳，增加两个新的75 MW机组，并探索使用抽水设施进行多用途扩建以消耗能量。技术结果表明，该改造方案改善了调速器的稳定性和液压瞬态。提出的升级干预措施对防止电站过早死亡、恢复电站产能、提高运行灵活性和安全性至关重要。这需要埃塞俄比亚政府和发展伙伴的关注，以避免普遍存在的不成熟的基础设施、经济损失和相关后果。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective optimal sizing and location of the grid-connected renewable microgrids, considering cost-effectiveness, power loss, and network stability approaches 考虑成本效益、功率损耗和网络稳定性的可再生微电网并网规模和位置的多目标优化

IF 7.6 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management-X

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101465

Edwin Otieno Okendo , Hooman Farzaneh

This research presents a multi-objective Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) modeling approach, using the ε-constraint method to determine the optimal size and location of renewable energy sources (RES) within the microgrid (MG). The proposed model minimizes both the cost of electricity (COE) and voltage instability, while considering both grid and component losses incurred by RES, an aspect often neglected in previous studies. The model is applied to two grid-tied MG configurations in a residential area in Tokyo, Japan. The results indicate that the optimal location for the RES is at Bus 9 for solar photovoltaic systems (MG1) and Bus 8 for wind turbine generators (MG2). MG1 achieved an optimal size of 7.37 MW with a COE of $695.30/MWh, a Voltage Stability Index (VSI) of 9.88

\times

10^-5, and contributed 25.74 % of the total power generation. MG2 attained an optimal size of 34 MW with a COE of $742.81/MWh, a VSI of 9.91

\times

10^-5, and contributed 21.46 % of the total power generation. The results revealed that 24.46 % of total losses in MG1 and 13.32 % in MG2 are attributed to component losses, demonstrating that assuming ideal RES operation in related studies leads to overestimation of RES power generation, resulting in suboptimal solutions. A new configuration (MG3) is introduced to assess the impact of hybridizing MG1 and MG2. Scenario analysis under different meteorological conditions revealed that MG3 contributes more to grid losses reduction, achieving the highest reductions of 45.9 % in Scenario 1 and 68.9 % in Scenario 2, with an increase in component losses due to hybridization.

提出了一种多目标混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）建模方法，利用ε-约束方法确定微电网内可再生能源（RES）的最优规模和位置。该模型最大限度地降低了电力成本（COE）和电压不稳定性，同时考虑了RES引起的电网和组件损耗，这是以往研究中经常忽略的一个方面。该模型应用于日本东京某居民区的两个并网MG配置。结果表明，太阳能光伏系统（MG1）和风力发电机（MG2）的RES的最佳位置分别为Bus 9和Bus 8。MG1的最佳发电规模为7.37 MW， COE为695.30美元/MWh，电压稳定指数（VSI）为9.88 × 10-5，占总发电量的25.74 %。MG2的最佳发电规模为34 MW， COE为742.81美元/MWh， VSI为9.91 × 10-5，占总发电量的21.46 %。结果表明，在MG1和MG2中，组件损耗分别占总损耗的24.46 %和13.32 %，说明在相关研究中假设理想的RES运行会导致对RES发电量的高估，从而导致次优解。引入一种新的构型（MG3）来评估MG1和MG2杂交的影响。不同气象条件下的情景分析表明，MG3对降低电网损失的贡献更大，在情景1和情景2中分别达到了45.9 %和68.9 %的最大降幅，并且由于杂交导致了组分损失的增加。

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引用次数: 0