Pub Date : 2025-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100503
Shanshan Han , Tao Qin , Taichun Chen , Xiaocheng Xing , Qiang Zhang
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an RNA virus that induces reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory diseases in growing pigs. Recently, the NADC34-like strain of PRRSV has become more prevalent, with outbreaks occurring across pig farms in China. However, a reliable diagnostic method for the clinical detection of this strain has been absent. This study developed a TaqMan probe-based dual real-time quantitative PCR assay targeting the M and GP5 genes to specifically identify the NADC34-like PRRSV strain. The assay exhibited high specificity, detecting exclusively the NADC34-like strain without cross-reactivity with other PRRSV strains. The detection limits for pMD-M and pMD-GP5 plasmids were 2.67 × 10² and 1.35 × 10¹ copies/μL, respectively, indicating high assay sensitivity. The assay also demonstrated excellent reproducibility, with coefficient of variation (CV) values for both recombinant plasmids below 2 %. Among 251 clinical samples, 27 tested positive for NADC34-like PRRSV. This study establishes an accurate, sensitive, and reliable TaqMan dual real-time PCR assay for detecting NADC34-like PRRSV, offering a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics and outbreak management in pig farms.
{"title":"Development of a TaqMan probe-based dual real time PCR assay for the identification of NADC34-like PRRSV","authors":"Shanshan Han , Tao Qin , Taichun Chen , Xiaocheng Xing , Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an RNA virus that induces reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory diseases in growing pigs. Recently, the NADC34-like strain of PRRSV has become more prevalent, with outbreaks occurring across pig farms in China. However, a reliable diagnostic method for the clinical detection of this strain has been absent. This study developed a TaqMan probe-based dual real-time quantitative PCR assay targeting the M and GP5 genes to specifically identify the NADC34-like PRRSV strain. The assay exhibited high specificity, detecting exclusively the NADC34-like strain without cross-reactivity with other PRRSV strains. The detection limits for pMD-M and pMD-GP5 plasmids were 2.67 × 10² and 1.35 × 10¹ copies/μL, respectively, indicating high assay sensitivity. The assay also demonstrated excellent reproducibility, with coefficient of variation (CV) values for both recombinant plasmids below 2 %. Among 251 clinical samples, 27 tested positive for NADC34-like PRRSV. This study establishes an accurate, sensitive, and reliable TaqMan dual real-time PCR assay for detecting NADC34-like PRRSV, offering a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics and outbreak management in pig farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100501
Zhuo Ma, Yuan Zhenjie
The objectives of this study were to investigate the etiology of morbidity and mortality in Tibetan sheep from a township in Shannan, Tibet, and to characterize the biological characteristics of the causative pathogen, thereby providing a scientific basis for effective disease prevention and control. Pathological specimens were aseptically collected from deceased animals, and the pathogen was isolated and cultured based on clinical presentations. Identification of the isolate involved morphological observation, 16S rRNA PCR amplification and sequencing, biochemical assays, toxin gene typing, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and antibiotic resistance genes screening. On tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC) agar, the organism formed black, circular colonies. Gram staining revealed short, straight, Gram-positive bacilli arranged singly or in pairs, consistent with the Clostridium perfringens . 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment showed >99 % identity to reference C. perfringens sequences in the NCBI database.
Confirming the strain asC. perfringens. Biochemical tests indicated positive reactions for glucose, Biochemical assays were positive for glucose, lactose, and maltose fermentation; gelatin hydrolysis; oxidase activity; nitrate reduction;hydrogen sulfide production; and ornithine decarboxylase, but negative results for indole production, mannitol and sorbitol fermentation, and urea hydrolysis, matching known traits of C. perfringens. . Toxin gene PCR detected cpa,cpb, and etx, but not iap, cpe, or netB, identifying the isolate as C. perfringens type B. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high sensitivity to sulfadiazine, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin, but resistance to amoxicillin, oxacillin, carbenicillin, and tetracycline.Among the resistance genes screened, only aac(6′)-Ib-cr was detected.This study reports the first isolation of C. perfringens type B in Shannan, Tibet; elucidates its biological characteristics and toxin profile; identifies effective antibiotics for targeted intervention; and provides foundational data for controlling lamb dysentery caused by this pathogen and for understanding its pathogenicity in sheep.
{"title":"Typing identification and biological characterization of Clostridium perfringens toxins associated with lamb dysentery in Xizang sheep","authors":"Zhuo Ma, Yuan Zhenjie","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objectives of this study were to investigate the etiology of morbidity and mortality in Tibetan sheep from a township in Shannan, Tibet, and to characterize the biological characteristics of the causative pathogen, thereby providing a scientific basis for effective disease prevention and control. Pathological specimens were aseptically collected from deceased animals, and the pathogen was isolated and cultured based on clinical presentations. Identification of the isolate involved morphological observation, 16S rRNA PCR amplification and sequencing, biochemical assays, toxin gene typing, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and antibiotic resistance genes screening. On tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC) agar, the organism formed black, circular colonies. Gram staining revealed short, straight, Gram-positive bacilli arranged singly or in pairs, consistent with the <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> . 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment showed >99 % identity to reference <em>C. perfringens</em> sequences in the NCBI database.</div><div>Confirming the strain asC. <em>perfringens</em>. Biochemical tests indicated positive reactions for glucose, Biochemical assays were positive for glucose, lactose, and maltose fermentation; gelatin hydrolysis; oxidase activity; nitrate reduction;hydrogen sulfide production; and ornithine decarboxylase, but negative results for indole production, mannitol and sorbitol fermentation, and urea hydrolysis, matching known traits of <em>C. perfringens</em>. . Toxin gene PCR detected <em>cpa,cpb</em>, and <em>etx,</em> but not <em>iap, cpe</em>, or <em>netB</em>, identifying the isolate as <em>C. perfringens type B</em>. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high sensitivity to sulfadiazine, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin, but resistance to amoxicillin, oxacillin, carbenicillin, and tetracycline.Among the resistance genes screened, only <em>aac(6′)-Ib-cr</em> was detected.This study reports the first isolation of C. perfringens type B in Shannan, Tibet; elucidates its biological characteristics and toxin profile; identifies effective antibiotics for targeted intervention; and provides foundational data for controlling lamb dysentery caused by this pathogen and for understanding its pathogenicity in sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) causes severe economic losses and is a contagious disease caused by the Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), belonging to the delta retrovirus of the Retroviridae family. Thus, this review aimed to estimate the global pooled prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis and investigate its host range, focusing on cattle and sheep. We used seven databases which include PubMed, Science Direct, HINARI, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and AJOL. The included studies (50 articles), conducted between 1992 and 2024, represent diverse geographic regions: Asia, North America, Africa, South America, and Europe. 346,917 animals were involved, of which 99,620 involved positive for BLV. The meta-analysis estimated a pooled BLV prevalence of 19% (95% CI: 16%–23%) using random effect model, though significant heterogeneity existed across studies (I² = 99.6%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of EBL was in North America (43%), followed by Asia (17%), Africa (14%), South America (10%), and the lowest in Europe (4%). Analysis by publication year revealed that the prevalence of EBL was 32% after 2016, whereas it was 29% before 2016. Among animal species, beef cattle exhibited the highest prevalence (26%), followed by overall cattle (20%), sheep (19%), and dairy cattle (18%). Geographical and temporal trends revealed varying prevalence rates, with notable high rates in North America and lower rates in regions such as Europe. It is crucial that North America adopt stricter prevention programs, similar to those in Europe, to reduce transmission of EBL and its economic and health impacts on livestock.
牛流行性白血病（EBL）是由牛白血病病毒（BLV）引起的一种传染性疾病，是逆转录病毒科的delta型逆转录病毒。因此，本综述旨在估计全球牛地方性白血病的总流行率，并调查其宿主范围，重点是牛和羊。我们使用了PubMed、Science Direct、HINARI、Scopus、b谷歌Scholar、Web of Science和AJOL等7个数据库。纳入的研究（50篇文章）在1992年至2024年间进行，代表了不同的地理区域：亚洲、北美、非洲、南美和欧洲，涉及346,917只动物，其中99,620只动物BLV阳性。meta分析使用随机效应模型估计合并BLV患病率为19% (95% CI: 16%-23%)，尽管各研究之间存在显著的异质性（I²= 99.6%,p < 0.001）。亚组分析显示，EBL患病率最高的是北美（43%），其次是亚洲（17%）、非洲（14%）、南美（10%），最低的是欧洲（4%）。按出版年份分析显示，2016年之后EBL的患病率为32%，而2016年之前为29%。在动物种类中，肉牛患病率最高（26%），其次是全牛（20%）、绵羊（19%）和奶牛（18%）。地理和时间趋势揭示了不同的流行率，北美的流行率明显高，而欧洲等区域的流行率较低。至关重要的是，北美应采取与欧洲类似的更严格的预防规划，以减少EBL的传播及其对牲畜的经济和健康影响。
{"title":"Global distribution and host range of enzootic bovine leukosis in ruminants: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Melkie Dagnaw , Getachew Alemu Yilhal , Bemrew Admassu , Yitayew Demessie","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) causes severe economic losses and is a contagious disease caused by the Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), belonging to the delta retrovirus of the Retroviridae family. Thus, this review aimed to estimate the global pooled prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis and investigate its host range, focusing on cattle and sheep. We used seven databases which include PubMed, Science Direct, HINARI, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and AJOL. The included studies (50 articles), conducted between 1992 and 2024, represent diverse geographic regions: Asia, North America, Africa, South America, and Europe. 346,917 animals were involved, of which 99,620 involved positive for BLV. The meta-analysis estimated a pooled BLV prevalence of 19% (95% CI: 16%–23%) using random effect model, though significant heterogeneity existed across studies (I² = 99.6%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of EBL was in North America (43%), followed by Asia (17%), Africa (14%), South America (10%), and the lowest in Europe (4%). Analysis by publication year revealed that the prevalence of EBL was 32% after 2016, whereas it was 29% before 2016. Among animal species, beef cattle exhibited the highest prevalence (26%), followed by overall cattle (20%), sheep (19%), and dairy cattle (18%). Geographical and temporal trends revealed varying prevalence rates, with notable high rates in North America and lower rates in regions such as Europe. It is crucial that North America adopt stricter prevention programs, similar to those in Europe, to reduce transmission of EBL and its economic and health impacts on livestock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100500
Fatemeh Rezanejad , Seyed Mehdi Ghoreishi , Shahryar Kargar , Mohammad Javad Abarghuei , Ali Kahyani
The increasing frequency of droughts and water scarcity has intensified interest in drought-tolerant plants and their by-products as sustainable feed alternatives for ruminants. This study assessed the partial replacement of alfalfa hay (AH) with camelina straw (CS) at 120 (CS12) and 240 (CS24) g/kg of DM in diets of Grey Shirazi lambs (n = 24, average body weight = 22.7 ± 1.7 kg). No significant differences were observed in dry matter intake (DMI), final body weight (FBW: 40.4, 38.8, 40.0 kg), average daily gain (ADG: 285, 260, 278 g/d), or feed conversion ratio (FCR: 5.2, 5.3, 5.1) across treatments. Linear reductions occurred in OM and NDFom digestibility (P < 0.05), with no effects on other nutrients. Ruminal pH, NH3N, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) profiles were not significantly altered, except for acetate and isovalerate concentrations, which increased linearly. Partial replacement of AH with CS increased ruminating and total chewing times (P < 0.01), due to higher physically effective fiber intake, without altering meal frequency or duration. These results suggest that camelina straw can be used as a partial AH substitute in lamb finishing diets up to 240 g/kg DM without compromising lamb performance, despite modest reductions in fiber digestibility and increased chewing activity. Future studies should explore behavioral and microbial ecological shifts in the rumen to better understand the mechanisms involved.
{"title":"Camelina straw as an eco-friendly forage alternative for finishing lambs: impacts on performance, rumen function and behavior","authors":"Fatemeh Rezanejad , Seyed Mehdi Ghoreishi , Shahryar Kargar , Mohammad Javad Abarghuei , Ali Kahyani","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing frequency of droughts and water scarcity has intensified interest in drought-tolerant plants and their by-products as sustainable feed alternatives for ruminants. This study assessed the partial replacement of alfalfa hay (AH) with camelina straw (CS) at 120 (CS12) and 240 (CS24) g/kg of DM in diets of Grey Shirazi lambs (<em>n</em> = 24, average body weight = 22.7 ± 1.7 kg). No significant differences were observed in dry matter intake (DMI), final body weight (FBW: 40.4, 38.8, 40.0 kg), average daily gain (ADG: 285, 260, 278 g/d), or feed conversion ratio (FCR: 5.2, 5.3, 5.1) across treatments. Linear reductions occurred in OM and NDFom digestibility (<em>P</em> < 0.05), with no effects on other nutrients. Ruminal pH, NH<sub>3</sub><sub><img></sub>N, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) profiles were not significantly altered, except for acetate and isovalerate concentrations, which increased linearly. Partial replacement of AH with CS increased ruminating and total chewing times (<em>P</em> < 0.01), due to higher physically effective fiber intake, without altering meal frequency or duration. These results suggest that camelina straw can be used as a partial AH substitute in lamb finishing diets up to 240 g/kg DM without compromising lamb performance, despite modest reductions in fiber digestibility and increased chewing activity. Future studies should explore behavioral and microbial ecological shifts in the rumen to better understand the mechanisms involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100502
Huixin Liu , Chenchen Wang , Yang He , Qinxuan Wu , Jiayi Chen , Kaijun Wang
Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) and Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) are highly infectious diseases of waterfowl, causing significant harm to the global poultry industry. Early detection and diagnosis of NDRV and MDRV in clinical samples are crucial for effectively preventing and controlling these diseases. This study developed a duplex crystal digital PCR (dPCR) assay for the differential detection of NDRV and MDRV. Primer pairs and probes were designed specifically for the S3 genome of NDRV and the S2 genome of MDRV. To evaluate the method's performance, different reaction conditions were optimized, focusing on specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The results showed that duplex crystal dPCR could accurately and differentially detect NDRV and MDRV, with a detection limit as low as 1 × 10⁻¹ copies/μl. It did not cross-react with other avian viruses, including duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), H5 subtype avian influenza virus (H5 subtype AIV), H7 subtype AIV, H9 subtype AIV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV), Contagious bursal disease virus (IBDV, B87 strain), and duck Plague virus (DEV). The method also demonstrated good reproducibility, with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) both less than 8 %. For clinical application, 299 samples from coastal areas of Guangxi, China were tested. Duplex crystal dPCR detected NDRV and MDRV positive rates of 8.027 % and 6.020 %, respectively, with a co-infection rate of 1.672 %. The kappa values between duplex crystal dPCR and duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were 0.977 for NDRV and 1 for MDRV, indicating strong agreement. These findings confirm that the established duplex crystal dPCR is a specific, sensitive, and accurate method for detecting and quantifying NDRV and MDRV. This is the first report of using duplex crystal dPCR for NDRV and MDRV detection.
{"title":"Development of duplex crystal digital PCR (dPCR) assay for detection and differentiation of NDRV and MDRV","authors":"Huixin Liu , Chenchen Wang , Yang He , Qinxuan Wu , Jiayi Chen , Kaijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) and Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) are highly infectious diseases of waterfowl, causing significant harm to the global poultry industry. Early detection and diagnosis of NDRV and MDRV in clinical samples are crucial for effectively preventing and controlling these diseases. This study developed a duplex crystal digital PCR (dPCR) assay for the differential detection of NDRV and MDRV. Primer pairs and probes were designed specifically for the S3 genome of NDRV and the S2 genome of MDRV. To evaluate the method's performance, different reaction conditions were optimized, focusing on specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The results showed that duplex crystal dPCR could accurately and differentially detect NDRV and MDRV, with a detection limit as low as 1 × 10⁻¹ copies/μl. It did not cross-react with other avian viruses, including duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), H5 subtype avian influenza virus (H5 subtype AIV), H7 subtype AIV, H9 subtype AIV, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV), Contagious bursal disease virus (IBDV, B87 strain), and duck Plague virus (DEV). The method also demonstrated good reproducibility, with intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) both less than 8 %. For clinical application, 299 samples from coastal areas of Guangxi, China were tested. Duplex crystal dPCR detected NDRV and MDRV positive rates of 8.027 % and 6.020 %, respectively, with a co-infection rate of 1.672 %. The kappa values between duplex crystal dPCR and duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were 0.977 for NDRV and 1 for MDRV, indicating strong agreement. These findings confirm that the established duplex crystal dPCR is a specific, sensitive, and accurate method for detecting and quantifying NDRV and MDRV. This is the first report of using duplex crystal dPCR for NDRV and MDRV detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This pilot study evaluated the effects of anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor (anti-GnRF) vaccination and administration age on gilts (female pigs), with a specific focus on meat characteristics, including nutritional composition, meat quality, and the muscle histology of pork loins. A total of 66 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) gilts were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: (1) intact gilts; (2) immunized gilts receiving a typical vaccination at 12 and 16 weeks of age; and (3) immunized gilts receiving early vaccination at 9 and 13 weeks of age, which is the earliest schedule recommended by the manufacturer. The pigs were slaughtered at the market age of 24 weeks, with meat samples collected from all of the groups for analysis, including meat samples from intact gilts (MIG), meat from gilts vaccinated at 12 and 16 weeks (MV12/16), and meat from gilts vaccinated at 9 and 13 weeks (MV9/13). Meat from the immunized gilts had significantly higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content than MIG (P < 0.05), accompanied by changes in the fatty acid profile—excluding polyunsaturated fatty acid—without adverse effects on meat quality or muscle histology. No significant differences were observed between the MV12/16 and MV9/13 samples. These findings suggest that anti-GnRF vaccination enhances the IMF content in pork without affecting meat quality or muscle structure. In addition, the administration age did not influence the chemical composition, meat quality, or muscle histology. An early vaccination schedule provides a practical approach to improve gilt production management, facilitating easier pig handling, efficient vaccination administration, and enhanced IMF deposition.
{"title":"Effects of anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor vaccination and administration age on the meat characteristics of pork loins from finishing gilts","authors":"Ditpon Kotatha , Narut Thanantong , Sukanya Phuengjayaem , Bing-Zheng Li , Alongkot Boonsoongnern , Autchara Kayan , Montri Pattarapanawan","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This pilot study evaluated the effects of anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor (anti-GnRF) vaccination and administration age on gilts (female pigs), with a specific focus on meat characteristics, including nutritional composition, meat quality, and the muscle histology of pork loins. A total of 66 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) gilts were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: (1) intact gilts; (2) immunized gilts receiving a typical vaccination at 12 and 16 weeks of age; and (3) immunized gilts receiving early vaccination at 9 and 13 weeks of age, which is the earliest schedule recommended by the manufacturer. The pigs were slaughtered at the market age of 24 weeks, with meat samples collected from all of the groups for analysis, including meat samples from intact gilts (MIG), meat from gilts vaccinated at 12 and 16 weeks (MV12/16), and meat from gilts vaccinated at 9 and 13 weeks (MV9/13). Meat from the immunized gilts had significantly higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content than MIG (<em>P</em> < 0.05), accompanied by changes in the fatty acid profile—excluding polyunsaturated fatty acid—without adverse effects on meat quality or muscle histology. No significant differences were observed between the MV12/16 and MV9/13 samples. These findings suggest that anti-GnRF vaccination enhances the IMF content in pork without affecting meat quality or muscle structure. In addition, the administration age did not influence the chemical composition, meat quality, or muscle histology. An early vaccination schedule provides a practical approach to improve gilt production management, facilitating easier pig handling, efficient vaccination administration, and enhanced IMF deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the more frequent chiropractic alterations in healthy and sick foals. The assessment is performed through a motion palpation exam, which locates the hypomobile joints along the skeleton. The motion palpation exam allowed the identification of multiple hypomobile areas in neonatal foals. The sick foals presented a statistically significant higher number of hypomobile joints in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar regions and limbs compared to the healthy foals. The most frequent alterations in sick foals involved the atlantooccipital joint, C5-C6, T14-T15, L5-L6, the sacrococcygeal joint and the scapulohumeral joint. In both groups, high prevalence of alterations occurred at the cervical and sacroiliac joints. The results show that some regions can be highly stressed during the perinatal period, especially in sick foals. Possible explanations are discussed. Chiropractic evaluation and subsequent manipulation could be routinely used to improve neonatal health, especially in sick foals.
{"title":"Chiropractic evaluation in newborn foals: A preliminary study","authors":"Ilaria Arena , Silvia Signor , Jole Mariella , Aliai Lanci , Francesca Freccero , Castagnetti Castagnetti","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes the more frequent chiropractic alterations in healthy and sick foals. The assessment is performed through a motion palpation exam, which locates the hypomobile joints along the skeleton. The motion palpation exam allowed the identification of multiple hypomobile areas in neonatal foals. The sick foals presented a statistically significant higher number of hypomobile joints in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar regions and limbs compared to the healthy foals. The most frequent alterations in sick foals involved the atlantooccipital joint, C5-C6, T14-T15, L5-L6, the sacrococcygeal joint and the scapulohumeral joint. In both groups, high prevalence of alterations occurred at the cervical and sacroiliac joints. The results show that some regions can be highly stressed during the perinatal period, especially in sick foals. Possible explanations are discussed. Chiropractic evaluation and subsequent manipulation could be routinely used to improve neonatal health, especially in sick foals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Buffaloes play a vital role in Bangladesh's livestock sector, contributing significantly to the nation’s milk and meat production. However, their productivity remains below potential due to limited genetic capacity, poor reproductive performance, and inadequate health and management practices. This review critically synthesizes findings from scientific literature, field studies, and national reports to assess the status of buffalo production, reproductive efficiency, genetic improvement efforts, and disease management strategies in Bangladesh. Major challenges include low milk yield (average 2.50-4.00 liters/day), imbalanced nutrition, reliance on traditional feeding systems, and minimal mechanization. Reproductive inefficiencies are characterized by low conception rates (below 40%), prolonged calving intervals (local:19.36 ± 2.39 months; crossbred: 19.37 ± 2.63 months), delayed onset of puberty (30 to 36 months), and ineffective estrus detection. Although crossbreeding programs with high-yielding breeds such as Murrah and Nili-Ravi have been introduced, progress has been limited due to inadequate record-keeping, lack of performance monitoring, and continued dependence on conventional breeding methods. Disease prevention and control are further impeded by insufficient veterinary infrastructure, low vaccination coverage, and limited farmer awareness. Structural barriers such as the absence of integrated development frameworks, restricted access to artificial insemination (AI), and a shortage of superior germplasm also hinder sectoral advancement. To address these multifaceted issues, the review advocates for enhanced farmer education, expansion of AI services, development of region-specific disease control strategies, and the implementation of systematic genetic improvement programs incorporating molecular technologies. Strengthened collaboration among government agencies, research institutions, and farming communities is essential to foster a resilient, productive, and sustainable buffalo industry in Bangladesh.
{"title":"A holistic review of buffalo productivity, reproductive efficiency, genetic improvement, and disease management in Bangladesh","authors":"Eshtiak Ahamed Pehan , Manik Miah , Md Habibur Rahman , Shahanaj Ferdousi Shejuty , Md Nurul Haque , Md Nazmul Huda , Md Rezwanul Habib , Md Younus Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buffaloes play a vital role in Bangladesh's livestock sector, contributing significantly to the nation’s milk and meat production. However, their productivity remains below potential due to limited genetic capacity, poor reproductive performance, and inadequate health and management practices. This review critically synthesizes findings from scientific literature, field studies, and national reports to assess the status of buffalo production, reproductive efficiency, genetic improvement efforts, and disease management strategies in Bangladesh. Major challenges include low milk yield (average 2.50-4.00 liters/day), imbalanced nutrition, reliance on traditional feeding systems, and minimal mechanization. Reproductive inefficiencies are characterized by low conception rates (below 40%), prolonged calving intervals (local:19.36 ± 2.39 months; crossbred: 19.37 ± 2.63 months), delayed onset of puberty (30 to 36 months), and ineffective estrus detection. Although crossbreeding programs with high-yielding breeds such as Murrah and Nili-Ravi have been introduced, progress has been limited due to inadequate record-keeping, lack of performance monitoring, and continued dependence on conventional breeding methods. Disease prevention and control are further impeded by insufficient veterinary infrastructure, low vaccination coverage, and limited farmer awareness. Structural barriers such as the absence of integrated development frameworks, restricted access to artificial insemination (AI), and a shortage of superior germplasm also hinder sectoral advancement. To address these multifaceted issues, the review advocates for enhanced farmer education, expansion of AI services, development of region-specific disease control strategies, and the implementation of systematic genetic improvement programs incorporating molecular technologies. Strengthened collaboration among government agencies, research institutions, and farming communities is essential to foster a resilient, productive, and sustainable buffalo industry in Bangladesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100492
M.R. Rezaei Ahvanooei , M.A. Norouzian , Ali Assadi-Alamouti , P. Vahmani , M.H. Ghaffari
This study investigated the effects of resveratrol (RSV) supplementation on performance and metabolic responses of heat-stressed, early lactation cows. Eighteen cows (BW = 640.8 ± 29.4 kg, parity = 2.0, average daily milk yield = 44.4 ± 2.0 kg and days in milk (DIM) = 39.8 ± 6.5 d; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) control (CON; no RSV supplementation), (2) RSV-4 (4 mg RSV/kg BW per d) or (3) RSV-8 (8 mg RSV/kg BW per d). Results demonstrated that RSV supplementation, particularly at 8 mg/kg, significantly improved DMI and milk yield, with increases of 0.8 kg/d and 2.9 kg/d, respectively (P < 0.05). The RSV-8 treatment also significantly reduced rectal and vaginal temperatures compared to both the CON and RSV-4 groups (P < 0.01), while the RSV-4 treatment resulted in a higher respiratory rate (RR) than both the CON and RSV-8 groups (P < 0.01). In addition, serum metabolic parameters showed that RSV-8 and RSV-4 supplementation significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and NEFA levels, respectively, compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). RSV supplementation at both levels led to a significant increase in serum insulin levels. Antioxidant analysis showed that RSV supplementation increased serum malondialdehyde levels, especially in the RSV-4 group (P < 0.05). In general, these results indicate that RSV supplementation can have a positive effect on feed intake and lactation performance in heat-stressed Holstein dairy cows in early lactation.
{"title":"Effects of resveratrol supplementation on performance and metabolic adaptations in heat-stressed Holstein cows during early lactation","authors":"M.R. Rezaei Ahvanooei , M.A. Norouzian , Ali Assadi-Alamouti , P. Vahmani , M.H. Ghaffari","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of resveratrol (RSV) supplementation on performance and metabolic responses of heat-stressed, early lactation cows. Eighteen cows (BW = 640.8 ± 29.4 kg, parity = 2.0, average daily milk yield = 44.4 ± 2.0 kg and days in milk (DIM) = 39.8 ± 6.5 d; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) control (<strong>CON</strong>; no RSV supplementation), (2) <strong>RSV-4</strong> (4 mg RSV/kg BW per d) or (3) <strong>RSV-8</strong> (8 mg RSV/kg BW per d). Results demonstrated that RSV supplementation, particularly at 8 mg/kg, significantly improved DMI and milk yield, with increases of 0.8 kg/d and 2.9 kg/d, respectively (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The RSV-8 treatment also significantly reduced rectal and vaginal temperatures compared to both the CON and RSV-4 groups (<em>P</em> < 0.01), while the RSV-4 treatment resulted in a higher respiratory rate (RR) than both the CON and RSV-8 groups (<em>P</em> < 0.01). In addition, serum metabolic parameters showed that RSV-8 and RSV-4 supplementation significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and NEFA levels, respectively, compared to the CON group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). RSV supplementation at both levels led to a significant increase in serum insulin levels. Antioxidant analysis showed that RSV supplementation increased serum malondialdehyde levels, especially in the RSV-4 group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In general, these results indicate that RSV supplementation can have a positive effect on feed intake and lactation performance in heat-stressed Holstein dairy cows in early lactation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05eCollection Date: 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100494
Maria A Hidalgo, Alejandra I Hidalgo, Noemi Gutierrez, Rafael A Burgos, Marcelo Ratto
Postpartum uterine disease in dairy cows can cause important health problems in animals and economic losses to producers. An adequate management of animals around calving is crucial for maintaining animal health status and future lactation. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to have beneficial effects on the health of cows. In this pilot study, we analyzed the effect of intrauterine administration of DHA in cows with subclinical endometritis. Cows with subclinical endometritis at 26 ± 3 days in milk (DIM) were randomly assigned to receive an intrauterine infusion of: (i) DHA 0.16 % dissolved in saline solution (DHA group), or (ii) only the vehicle without DHA (control group). Uterine fluid was collected by non-surgical uterine flushing in all cows 24 h after treatment to analyze metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and cytokine concentration by ELISA assay. Metabolites of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), linoleic acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were reduced in the uterine fluid of the DHA group. Linoleic acid was reduced in the DHA group, which is relevant because of its role as a regulator of the innate immune function. In addition, a trend toward lower levels of IL-8 in the endometrial fluid was observed in cows in the DHA group. These findings suggest potential benefits of DHA on the uterine immune response in vivo, which could improve the health status of cows with subclinical endometritis.
{"title":"Metabolomic changes of uterine fluid of lactating cows with subclinical endometritis and treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).","authors":"Maria A Hidalgo, Alejandra I Hidalgo, Noemi Gutierrez, Rafael A Burgos, Marcelo Ratto","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2025.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postpartum uterine disease in dairy cows can cause important health problems in animals and economic losses to producers. An adequate management of animals around calving is crucial for maintaining animal health status and future lactation. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to have beneficial effects on the health of cows. In this pilot study, we analyzed the effect of intrauterine administration of DHA in cows with subclinical endometritis. Cows with subclinical endometritis at 26 ± 3 days in milk (DIM) were randomly assigned to receive an intrauterine infusion of: (i) DHA 0.16 % dissolved in saline solution (DHA group), or (ii) only the vehicle without DHA (control group). Uterine fluid was collected by non-surgical uterine flushing in all cows 24 h after treatment to analyze metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and cytokine concentration by ELISA assay. Metabolites of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), linoleic acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were reduced in the uterine fluid of the DHA group. Linoleic acid was reduced in the DHA group, which is relevant because of its role as a regulator of the innate immune function. In addition, a trend toward lower levels of IL-8 in the endometrial fluid was observed in cows in the DHA group. These findings suggest potential benefits of DHA on the uterine immune response <i>in vivo</i>, which could improve the health status of cows with subclinical endometritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"100494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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