Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100355
Forough Ataollahi, John W. Piltz, Geoff R. Casburn, Benjamin W.B. Holman
This study compared the effect of four levels of K Humate S100R (potassium humate) supplementation on the quality, shelf-life, and nutritional properties of beef. Angus steers (n = 40) were individually housed and fed either 0, 35, 70, or 140 g K Humate S100R/animal/day for 100 days, following a 30 day adjustment period. The steers were slaughtered at the completion of the feeding study. The left m. longissimus lumborum (LL) was collected at 24 h post-mortem and aged for either 2 or 6 weeks before analysis. K Humate S100R supplementation did not affect beef drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, sarcomere length, ultimate pH, intramuscular fat content, or total volatile basic nitrogen concentrations (P > 0.05). Steers supplemented with 70 g/day K Humate S100R produced beef with higher a* values on Days 1 and 3 of retail display (P < 0.05). Beef mineral composition was unchanged by K Humate S100R supplementation (P > 0.05), but there were minor changes to the fatty acid profile. Specifically, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (P < 0.05) and C20:2n-6 concentrations (P < 0.05) increased with supplementation level. Together, these results demonstrate no detrimental effects on beef quality and shelf-life as a result of K Humate S100R supplementation.
{"title":"The quality and nutritional value of beef from Angus steers fed different levels of humate (K Humate S100R)","authors":"Forough Ataollahi, John W. Piltz, Geoff R. Casburn, Benjamin W.B. Holman","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study compared the effect of four levels of K Humate S100R (potassium humate) supplementation on the quality, shelf-life, and nutritional properties of beef. Angus steers (<em>n</em> = 40) were individually housed and fed either 0, 35, 70, or 140 g K Humate S100R/animal/day for 100 days, following a 30 day adjustment period. The steers were slaughtered at the completion of the feeding study. The left m. <em>longissimus lumborum</em> (LL) was collected at 24 h <em>post-mortem</em> and aged for either 2 or 6 weeks before analysis. K Humate S100R supplementation did not affect beef drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, sarcomere length, ultimate pH, intramuscular fat content, or total volatile basic nitrogen concentrations (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Steers supplemented with 70 g/day K Humate S100R produced beef with higher <em>a</em>* values on Days 1 and 3 of retail display (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Beef mineral composition was unchanged by K Humate S100R supplementation (<em>P</em> > 0.05), but there were minor changes to the fatty acid profile. Specifically, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and C20:2n-6 concentrations (<em>P</em> < 0.05) increased with supplementation level. Together, these results demonstrate no detrimental effects on beef quality and shelf-life as a result of K Humate S100R supplementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X2400022X/pdfft?md5=5813c78001efbf7220969b0f9aa3457e&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X2400022X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of peppermint essential oil (PEO) and an emulsifier called artifier on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets. A total of 240 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into five treatments: control, low-energy diet, low-energy diet + 150 ppm PEO, low-energy diet + 300 ppm artifier, and low-energy diet + 150 ppm PEO + 300 ppm artifier. Each treatment was replicated four times in a completely randomized design. The chickens were fed these treatments during the starter, grower, and finisher periods for a total of 42 days. The results indicated that broiler chickens receiving the low-energy diet supplemented with PEO + artifier had similar body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and breast percentage, but exhibited significantly lower abdominal fat percentage compared to those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Furthermore, birds receiving PEO and artifier in low-energy diets, either individually or in combination, demonstrated higher digestibility of dry matter and fat during the starter and grower periods in comparison to those receiving the low-energy diet without any additives (P < 0.05). Over the entire rearing period, the simultaneous inclusion of 150 ppm PEO and 300 ppm artifier in the low-energy diet resulted in comparable growth performance to the control diet. Additionally, the concurrent use of PEO and artifier in the low-energy diet for broiler chickens led to a decrease in abdominal fat, increased digestibility of fat and dry matter, and enhanced nutrient utilization compared to the control diet.
{"title":"Effects of peppermint essential oil and artifier on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibilities in broiler chickens fed with low energy diets","authors":"Shokoufe Ghazanfari, Ayub Shiri Ghzghapan, Shirin Honarbakhsh","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of peppermint essential oil (PEO) and an emulsifier called artifier on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets. A total of 240 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into five treatments: control, low-energy diet, low-energy diet + 150 ppm PEO, low-energy diet + 300 ppm artifier, and low-energy diet + 150 ppm PEO + 300 ppm artifier. Each treatment was replicated four times in a completely randomized design. The chickens were fed these treatments during the starter, grower, and finisher periods for a total of 42 days. The results indicated that broiler chickens receiving the low-energy diet supplemented with PEO + artifier had similar body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and breast percentage, but exhibited significantly lower abdominal fat percentage compared to those fed the control diet (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Furthermore, birds receiving PEO and artifier in low-energy diets, either individually or in combination, demonstrated higher digestibility of dry matter and fat during the starter and grower periods in comparison to those receiving the low-energy diet without any additives (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Over the entire rearing period, the simultaneous inclusion of 150 ppm PEO and 300 ppm artifier in the low-energy diet resulted in comparable growth performance to the control diet. Additionally, the concurrent use of PEO and artifier in the low-energy diet for broiler chickens led to a decrease in abdominal fat, increased digestibility of fat and dry matter, and enhanced nutrient utilization compared to the control diet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000218/pdfft?md5=d3b0289d357d7b4fb434ef9e772c9647&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000218-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-21DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100353
Obed D. Acheampong , Emmanuel K. Ofori , Sherry A.M. Johnson , Bill C. Egyam , Kweku Asare-Dompreh , Seth K. Amponsah , Henry Asare-Anane
Diarrhoea, which is a clinical manifestation of various illnesses, is frequently observed in dogs. Regrettably, many dog owners find it difficult to provide comprehensive case histories, primarily because of limited interaction with their canine companions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of faecal biochemical analytes in detecting and characterizing acute diarrhoea in dogs. Sixty-two domestic dogs were selected using the proportionate stratified sample technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Faecal stool specimens from the dogs were obtained using the colon flush technique. The specimens were taken through biochemical analysis to determine urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase and uric acid levels. Results showed a significant association between the diarrhoea status of the participants and their age, weight, breed, body size, source of last diet, period of inappetence, and other gastrointestinal signs (p < 0.050, respectively). Dogs that had not eaten in at least three days were five times more likely (p < 0.05) to have diarrhoea. Furthermore, miniature breeds were about six times more likely to develop diarrhoea (p < 0.05). Of the seven selected biochemical parameters, total faecal cholesterol was the most predictive index in diagnosing acute diarrhoea in dogs, with a likelihood ratio of 6.5, and it was the most accurate in predicting defecation stooling frequency and texture. In summary, in situations of inadequate case histories, measuring total faecal cholesterol could assist veterinarians in detecting diarrhoea and predicting its faecal stooling texture and frequency in dogs.
{"title":"Diagnostic utility of selected faecal biochemical parameters in the determination of acute diarrhoea and associated defecation stooling characteristics in dogs: An observational study","authors":"Obed D. Acheampong , Emmanuel K. Ofori , Sherry A.M. Johnson , Bill C. Egyam , Kweku Asare-Dompreh , Seth K. Amponsah , Henry Asare-Anane","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diarrhoea, which is a clinical manifestation of various illnesses, is frequently observed in dogs. Regrettably, many dog owners find it difficult to provide comprehensive case histories, primarily because of limited interaction with their canine companions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of faecal biochemical analytes in detecting and characterizing acute diarrhoea in dogs. Sixty-two domestic dogs were selected using the proportionate stratified sample technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Faecal stool specimens from the dogs were obtained using the colon flush technique. The specimens were taken through biochemical analysis to determine urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase and uric acid levels. Results showed a significant association between the diarrhoea status of the participants and their age, weight, breed, body size, source of last diet, period of inappetence, and other gastrointestinal signs (<em>p</em> < 0.050, respectively). Dogs that had not eaten in at least three days were five times more likely (<em>p</em> < 0.05) to have diarrhoea. Furthermore, miniature breeds were about six times more likely to develop diarrhoea (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Of the seven selected biochemical parameters, total faecal cholesterol was the most predictive index in diagnosing acute diarrhoea in dogs, with a likelihood ratio of 6.5, and it was the most accurate in predicting defecation stooling frequency and texture. In summary, in situations of inadequate case histories, measuring total faecal cholesterol could assist veterinarians in detecting diarrhoea and predicting its faecal stooling texture and frequency in dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000206/pdfft?md5=edcb8744d15f62c884dbc6ec751a7404&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000206-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selecting breed-worthy gilts as sow replacements is essential for continuity of pig production cycle. Though vitamin D3 (VD3) is known to enhance reproductive performance of multiparous sows, there is still a knowledge gap on its impact in developing gilts and primiparous sows. This study was aimed to quantify plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and examine the reproductive performance of primiparous sows fed diets supplemented with regular VD3, and its 25(OH)D3 epimers. The study sample comprised 10-week-old replacement gilts (50 % Landrace x 50 % Yorkshire, N = 180) assigned in a randomized complete block design to three treatments [2,000 IU/kg of VD3 (T1), 25 µg/kg of 14‑epi-25(OH)D3, half dose (T2), and 50 µg/kg of 25(OH)D3 (T3)] equilibrated to 2,000 IU/kg in base diets. Selections occurred at 22, 27 and 35 weeks of age, respectively. Plasma 25(OH)D3, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone structure and reproductive performance were analyzed. Dietary treatments influenced carpus (P = 0.023), fore view stance (P = 0.017), infantile vulva (P = 0.014), inverted (P = 0.048), and prominent teat (P < 0.001). Post-partum 25(OH)D3 concentration and ALP activity were elevated by day 25 (P < 0.001). Treatment diets also influenced total born (P < 0.001), born alive (P = 0.048), and still born (P = 0.049). Two factors affect circulating 25(OH)D3 and ALP activity: physiological changes in sows during lactation, and dietary 25(OH)D3 intake. 14‑epi-25(OH)D3 is a potent metabolite for improving maturation of reproductive organs in developing gilts. It also reduces still birth in primiparous sows.
{"title":"Enhancement of selectivity, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level, alkaline phosphatase activity and reproductive performance in gilts and primiparous sows using 14-epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3","authors":"Prester C.John Okafor , Nattanit Jimongkolkul , Anchalee Khongpradit , Wunwinee Ahiwichai , Nitipong Homwong","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selecting breed-worthy gilts as sow replacements is essential for continuity of pig production cycle. Though vitamin D3 (VD3) is known to enhance reproductive performance of multiparous sows, there is still a knowledge gap on its impact in developing gilts and primiparous sows. This study was aimed to quantify plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and examine the reproductive performance of primiparous sows fed diets supplemented with regular VD3, and its 25(OH)D3 epimers. The study sample comprised 10-week-old replacement gilts (50 % <em>Landrace</em> x 50 % <em>Yorkshire, N</em> = 180) assigned in a randomized complete block design to three treatments [2,000 IU/kg of VD3 (T1), 25 µg/kg of 14‑epi-25(OH)D3, half dose (T2), and 50 µg/kg of 25(OH)D3 (T3)] equilibrated to 2,000 IU/kg in base diets. Selections occurred at 22, 27 and 35 weeks of age, respectively. Plasma 25(OH)D3, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone structure and reproductive performance were analyzed. Dietary treatments influenced carpus (<em>P</em> = 0.023), fore view stance (<em>P</em> = 0.017), infantile vulva (<em>P</em> = 0.014), inverted (<em>P</em> = 0.048), and prominent teat (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Post-partum 25(OH)D3 concentration and ALP activity were elevated by day 25 (<em>P</em> < 0.001). Treatment diets also influenced total born (<em>P</em> < 0.001), born alive (<em>P</em> = 0.048), and still born (<em>P</em> = 0.049). Two factors affect circulating 25(OH)D3 and ALP activity: physiological changes in sows during lactation, and dietary 25(OH)D3 intake. 14‑epi-25(OH)D3 is a potent metabolite for improving maturation of reproductive organs in developing gilts. It also reduces still birth in primiparous sows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X2400019X/pdfft?md5=129cebae5f74e23159ff4a80dfd5a8c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X2400019X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100351
Maha S. Salama , Mohey A. Ashour , Ehab S. Taher , Ismail El-kon , Samy Sayed , Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis , Batrina Stefan , Imbrea Ana-Maria , Laila A. Al-Shuraym , Mustafa Shukry
Estrus synchronization is important for improving sheep reproduction. To enhance sheep reproduction efficiency, this study investigated the impact of different durations (7 vs. 14 days) and fluorogestone acetate (FGA) doses in intravaginal sponges on estrus synchronization and early pregnancy detection in Ossimi sheep. Two hundred ewes were evenly divided into two groups, each receiving a full 40 mg or a halved 20 mg FGA sponge for their respective durations. The study aimed to optimize breeding efficiency by examining the effectiveness of these treatments in synchronizing estrous cycles and by evaluating the use of serum levels of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (PAG1) and progesterone (P4) as markers for early pregnancy identification. Prostaglandin F2α and equine chorionic gonadotropin were administered to enhance the synchronization process. Results highlighted that the 7-day treatment protocol significantly improved estrus, pregnancy, and lambing rates compared to the 14-day protocol. Furthermore, pregnant ewes demonstrated elevated levels of PAG1 and P4, with PAG1 levels particularly higher in ewes with multiple pregnancies. The findings underscore that the shorter duration of FGA treatment is more effective for reproductive management in Ossimi sheep without significantly affecting PAG1 levels based on the dose or duration of FGA. PAG1 also proved to be a reliable marker for early pregnancy detection, offering a promising approach to identifying fetal numbers early in pregnancy. This research suggests optimizing FGA sponge use could be cost-efficient for improving reproductive efficiency and early pregnancy management in sheep.
{"title":"Evaluating estrus synchronization and early pregnancy detection in Ossimi sheep: The influence of fluorogestone acetate treatment duration and dosage","authors":"Maha S. Salama , Mohey A. Ashour , Ehab S. Taher , Ismail El-kon , Samy Sayed , Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis , Batrina Stefan , Imbrea Ana-Maria , Laila A. Al-Shuraym , Mustafa Shukry","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estrus synchronization is important for improving sheep reproduction. To enhance sheep reproduction efficiency, this study investigated the impact of different durations (7 vs. 14 days) and fluorogestone acetate (FGA) doses in intravaginal sponges on estrus synchronization and early pregnancy detection in Ossimi sheep. Two hundred ewes were evenly divided into two groups, each receiving a full 40 mg or a halved 20 mg FGA sponge for their respective durations. The study aimed to optimize breeding efficiency by examining the effectiveness of these treatments in synchronizing estrous cycles and by evaluating the use of serum levels of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (PAG1) and progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>) as markers for early pregnancy identification. Prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> and equine chorionic gonadotropin were administered to enhance the synchronization process. Results highlighted that the 7-day treatment protocol significantly improved estrus, pregnancy, and lambing rates compared to the 14-day protocol. Furthermore, pregnant ewes demonstrated elevated levels of PAG1 and P<sub>4</sub>, with PAG1 levels particularly higher in ewes with multiple pregnancies. The findings underscore that the shorter duration of FGA treatment is more effective for reproductive management in Ossimi sheep without significantly affecting PAG1 levels based on the dose or duration of FGA. PAG1 also proved to be a reliable marker for early pregnancy detection, offering a promising approach to identifying fetal numbers early in pregnancy. This research suggests optimizing FGA sponge use could be cost-efficient for improving reproductive efficiency and early pregnancy management in sheep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000188/pdfft?md5=96e21e8e6b5a9c54a8b985af657b8255&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000188-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100350
Ng'ambi Jones Wilfred , Paledi Mashego Queen , Manyelo Tlou Grace , Tyasi Thobela Louis
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary methionine to crude protein (CP) ratio on the performance of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different methionine-to-CP ratios. The diets, based on methionine to crude protein ratios, were M0.020 (0.020), M0.025 (0.025) M0.030 (0.030), M0.040 (0.040), or M0.045 (0.045). A complete randomized design was used. A quadratic type of equation was used to determine dietary methionine to CP ratios for optimal performance of the chickens. Dietary methionine to CP ratio had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake, live weight gain, live weight, feed efficiency, metabolizable energy intake, nitrogen retention, abdominal fat pad weight, breast meat nitrogen and methionine contents, and meat flavour and shear force values of the chickens, but it affected (P < 0.05) CP digestibility, carcass and breast weights, and breast meat tenderness and juiciness. Methionine to CP ratios of 0.039, 0.038, 0.050, and 0.050 were calculated to result in optimal CP digestibility, carcass weight, breast meat tenderness, and juiciness, respectively. These results may imply that dietary methionine to CP ratio requirements for broiler chickens will depend on the production parameter of interest.
{"title":"Effect of dietary methionine to crude protein ratio on performance of Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days","authors":"Ng'ambi Jones Wilfred , Paledi Mashego Queen , Manyelo Tlou Grace , Tyasi Thobela Louis","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary methionine to crude protein (CP) ratio on the performance of male Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 22 to 42 days. The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different methionine-to-CP ratios. The diets, based on methionine to crude protein ratios, were M<sub>0.020</sub> (0.020), M<sub>0.025</sub> (0.025) M<sub>0.030</sub> (0.030), M<sub>0.040</sub> (0.040), or M<sub>0.045</sub> (0.045). A complete randomized design was used. A quadratic type of equation was used to determine dietary methionine to CP ratios for optimal performance of the chickens. Dietary methionine to CP ratio had no effect (<em>P</em> > 0.05) on feed intake, live weight gain, live weight, feed efficiency, metabolizable energy intake, nitrogen retention, abdominal fat pad weight, breast meat nitrogen and methionine contents, and meat flavour and shear force values of the chickens, but it affected (<em>P</em> < 0.05) CP digestibility, carcass and breast weights, and breast meat tenderness and juiciness. Methionine to CP ratios of 0.039, 0.038, 0.050, and 0.050 were calculated to result in optimal CP digestibility, carcass weight, breast meat tenderness, and juiciness, respectively. These results may imply that dietary methionine to CP ratio requirements for broiler chickens will depend on the production parameter of interest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000176/pdfft?md5=afe2222d1e3d5b3d4b848e215b9926b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000176-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100349
Sabbya Sachi , Mst. Prianka Jahan , Purba Islam , Kazi Rafiq , Md. Zahorul Islam
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chia seed extract on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, hematological profile, and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. Water-ethanol-acetone extract of chia seeds at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day were applied to evaluate the comparative protective roles. Hematological profile and serum biochemical parameters were measured to evaluate the hematoprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of chia seed extract. Paw thickness and motility level were assessed at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after sub-planter injection of carrageenan to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential. Tissue histopathology was performed in both cases. Chia seed extract reduced the elevated level of serum AST and ALT significantly in a dose-dependent manner following intra-peritoneal injection of CCl4. Histopathological study of the liver tissue exhibited acute impairment of the hepatocytes and liver parenchyma following CCl4 exposure, which was markedly regenerated by the chia seed extract treatment. Protective effects of the extracts were also evidenced by the RBC count, Hb (%), PCV (%), ESR, and neutrophil count. Chia seed extract was found to inhibit the carrageenan-induced paw edema and increase motility level in a dose-oriented fashion. Histological examination of the paw tissue revealed severe inflammation characterized by massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the carrageenan group, which was significantly reduced by chia seed extract treatment. The higher dose of chia seed extract showed significant increases in bodyweight gain and feed efficiency ratio but decrease in visceral fat deposition. These results suggest that chia seeds possess potentials for hematoprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities.
{"title":"Evaluation of hematoprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory potentials of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) extract in rats","authors":"Sabbya Sachi , Mst. Prianka Jahan , Purba Islam , Kazi Rafiq , Md. Zahorul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chia seed extract on CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced hepatotoxicity, hematological profile, and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. Water-ethanol-acetone extract of chia seeds at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day were applied to evaluate the comparative protective roles. Hematological profile and serum biochemical parameters were measured to evaluate the hematoprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of chia seed extract. Paw thickness and motility level were assessed at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after sub-planter injection of carrageenan to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential. Tissue histopathology was performed in both cases. Chia seed extract reduced the elevated level of serum AST and ALT significantly in a dose-dependent manner following intra-peritoneal injection of CCl<sub>4</sub>. Histopathological study of the liver tissue exhibited acute impairment of the hepatocytes and liver parenchyma following CCl<sub>4</sub> exposure, which was markedly regenerated by the chia seed extract treatment. Protective effects of the extracts were also evidenced by the RBC count, Hb (%), PCV (%), ESR, and neutrophil count. Chia seed extract was found to inhibit the carrageenan-induced paw edema and increase motility level in a dose-oriented fashion. Histological examination of the paw tissue revealed severe inflammation characterized by massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the carrageenan group, which was significantly reduced by chia seed extract treatment. The higher dose of chia seed extract showed significant increases in bodyweight gain and feed efficiency ratio but decrease in visceral fat deposition. These results suggest that chia seeds possess potentials for hematoprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000164/pdfft?md5=e462f0d7c08339f30acb0ae630194ec3&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000164-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100348
Mohammad Hassanzadeh , Mehran Abedi , Mohsen Bashashati , Ali Reza Yousefi , Mohammad Abdoshah , Sara Mirzaie
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, while falling under a single serotype, are classified into distinct genotypes. Genotype VII virulent NDVs pose a significant threat to poultry due to their association with high mortality rates and economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three commercial live vaccines based on genotype II against genotype VII virulent NDV (vNDV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Forty one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and inoculated with one dose of each ND pneumotropic vaccine—B1, Clone.12IR, and La Sota—or received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control at eight days of age via eye drop. At 28 days of age (20th post-vaccination days), chickens were intramuscularly challenged with genotype VII virulent NDV (≥ 105 LD50). Serum samples were collected at 28 days of age (challenge day), 7 and 14 post-challenge days to measure NDV antibodies via the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th post-challenge days to evaluate virus shedding. Vaccinated groups exhibited significantly higher antibody titers and greater protection levels compared to the control group (P≤ 0.001). While HI antibody titer was not different at 28 and 35 days of age between vaccinated chickens, the Clone.12IR groups showed higher HI antibody titer compared to B1 at day 42 of age (9.43 vs. 7.42; P≤ 0.002). La Sota and Clone.12IR vaccines demonstrated superior protection against mortality compared to the B1 vaccine (90 %, 80% vs. 60 %, respectively) with 6.0 and 2.67 odds ratio of survivability. All three mismatched vaccines effectively curbed the shedding of virulent genotype VII NDV, with 0 % to 11 % positive cloacal samples up to the 3rd post-challenge day. These findings demonstrate that in the experimental setting, the administration of mismatched ND vaccines, particularly La Sota and Clone.12IR, confer protection against genotype VII virulent NDV and control viral shedding, which can help to develop effective vaccination strategies to mitigate the impact of vNDV outbreaks in the poultry farms.
新城疫病毒(NDV)毒株虽然属于单一血清型,但也分为不同的基因型。基因型 VII 毒性 NDV 对家禽构成重大威胁,因为它们与高死亡率和经济损失有关。本研究旨在评估三种基于基因型 II 的商用活疫苗对基因型 VII 强毒 NDV(vNDV)在无特定病原体(SPF)鸡中的效力。将 40 只一天龄的鸡随机分为四组(n = 10),分别接种一剂 ND 肺炎病疫苗-B1、Clone.12IR 和 La Sota,或在 8 日龄时滴眼用磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)作为对照。28 日龄时(接种后第 20 天),用基因型 VII 病毒 NDV(半数致死剂量≥ 105)对鸡进行肌肉注射。在 28 日龄(挑战日)、挑战后第 7 天和第 14 天采集血清样本,通过血凝抑制 (HI) 试验测定 NDV 抗体。在挑战后第 3、5、7 和 10 天采集泄殖腔和口咽拭子,以评估病毒脱落情况。与对照组相比,接种组的抗体滴度明显更高,保护水平更高(P≤ 0.001)。虽然接种疫苗的鸡在 28 日龄和 35 日龄时的 HI 抗体滴度没有差异,但在 42 日龄时,Clone.12IR 组的 HI 抗体滴度比 B1 组高(9.43 对 7.42;P≤ 0.002)。与B1疫苗相比,La Sota和Clone.12IR疫苗对死亡率的保护作用更强(分别为90%、80%和60%),存活率分别为6.0和2.67。所有三种错配疫苗都能有效抑制毒性基因型 VII NDV 的脱落,直到挑战后第 3 天,泄殖腔样本中的阳性率从 0% 到 11%不等。这些研究结果表明,在实验环境中接种错配 ND 疫苗,尤其是 La Sota 和 Clone.12IR,可对基因 VII 型毒力 NDV 产生保护作用并控制病毒脱落,这有助于制定有效的疫苗接种策略,减轻 vNDV 在家禽养殖场爆发的影响。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Newcastle disease virus genotype VII–mismatched vaccines in SPF chickens: A challenge efficacy study","authors":"Mohammad Hassanzadeh , Mehran Abedi , Mohsen Bashashati , Ali Reza Yousefi , Mohammad Abdoshah , Sara Mirzaie","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, while falling under a single serotype, are classified into distinct genotypes. Genotype VII virulent NDVs pose a significant threat to poultry due to their association with high mortality rates and economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three commercial live vaccines based on genotype II against genotype VII virulent NDV (vNDV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Forty one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into four groups (<em>n</em> = 10) and inoculated with one dose of each ND pneumotropic vaccine—B1, Clone.12IR, and La Sota—or received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control at eight days of age via eye drop. At 28 days of age (20th post-vaccination days), chickens were intramuscularly challenged with genotype VII virulent NDV (≥ 10<sup>5</sup> LD<sub>50</sub>). Serum samples were collected at 28 days of age (challenge day), 7 and 14 post-challenge days to measure NDV antibodies via the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th post-challenge days to evaluate virus shedding. Vaccinated groups exhibited significantly higher antibody titers and greater protection levels compared to the control group (<em>P</em>≤ 0.001). While HI antibody titer was not different at 28 and 35 days of age between vaccinated chickens, the Clone.12IR groups showed higher HI antibody titer compared to B1 at day 42 of age (9.43 vs. 7.42; <em>P</em>≤ 0.002). La Sota and Clone.12IR vaccines demonstrated superior protection against mortality compared to the B1 vaccine (90 %, 80% vs. 60 %, respectively) with 6.0 and 2.67 odds ratio of survivability. All three mismatched vaccines effectively curbed the shedding of virulent genotype VII NDV, with 0 % to 11 % positive cloacal samples up to the 3rd post-challenge day. These findings demonstrate that in the experimental setting, the administration of mismatched ND vaccines, particularly La Sota and Clone.12IR, confer protection against genotype VII virulent NDV and control viral shedding, which can help to develop effective vaccination strategies to mitigate the impact of vNDV outbreaks in the poultry farms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000152/pdfft?md5=d6b17c7349479401f0a51b182e36d428&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000152-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100347
Ngah Osoe Bouli Freddy Patrick , Awah-Ndukum Julius , Mingoas Kilekoung Jean-Pierre , Mouiche Mouliom Mohamed Moctar
Rabies is a fatal disease occurring worldwide and especially in almost all the countries in Asia and Africa including Cameroon. Though animal and human rabies is prevalent in Cameroon, the epidemiology and socio-economic burden of the disease in the country is not known. Therefore, a 10-year (October 2004–April 2013) retrospective study on the incidence of animal and human rabies and its burden in Garoua, Ngaoundéré and Yaoundé in Cameroon was carried out. Records of human cases were extracted from the database of the regional hospitals, and animal cases from the databases of Centre Pasteur and National Veterinary Laboratory. The burden of the disease was assessed through the estimation of costs linked to preventive measures (vaccination), corrective procedures (Post Exposure Treatment), Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) and overall societal cost of the disease. Overall, 56 rabies-suspected human deaths, corresponding to an incidence of 0.02 ± 0.00 ‱ and Animal Rabies Incidence (ARI) of 0.37 ± 0.00 % among 1844 suspected animal cases were recorded. The economic loss due to preventive measures of 326,046 ± 28,130.85 USD, related to corrective procedures of 806,741.25 ± 2,466.08 USD, and DALY of 1690.28 ± 4.76 years were estimated. This is the first study that highlights the enormous socio-economic burden associated with animal and human rabies in endemic parts of Cameroon and emphasizes on enhancing rabies eradication strategy focusing on the One Health approach.
{"title":"Rabies incidence and burden in three cities of Cameroon (2004–2013)","authors":"Ngah Osoe Bouli Freddy Patrick , Awah-Ndukum Julius , Mingoas Kilekoung Jean-Pierre , Mouiche Mouliom Mohamed Moctar","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rabies is a fatal disease occurring worldwide and especially in almost all the countries in Asia and Africa including Cameroon. Though animal and human rabies is prevalent in Cameroon, the epidemiology and socio-economic burden of the disease in the country is not known. Therefore, a 10-year (October 2004–April 2013) retrospective study on the incidence of animal and human rabies and its burden in Garoua, Ngaoundéré and Yaoundé in Cameroon was carried out. Records of human cases were extracted from the database of the regional hospitals, and animal cases from the databases of Centre Pasteur and National Veterinary Laboratory. The burden of the disease was assessed through the estimation of costs linked to preventive measures (vaccination), corrective procedures (Post Exposure Treatment), Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) and overall societal cost of the disease. Overall, 56 rabies-suspected human deaths, corresponding to an incidence of 0.02 ± 0.00 ‱ and Animal Rabies Incidence (ARI) of 0.37 ± 0.00 % among 1844 suspected animal cases were recorded. The economic loss due to preventive measures of 326,046 ± 28,130.85 USD, related to corrective procedures of 806,741.25 ± 2,466.08 USD, and DALY of 1690.28 ± 4.76 years were estimated. This is the first study that highlights the enormous socio-economic burden associated with animal and human rabies in endemic parts of Cameroon and emphasizes on enhancing rabies eradication strategy focusing on the One Health approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000140/pdfft?md5=e080aa37df54c5045d1d86d5ffc8d6aa&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000140-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100344
Hao Lee , Wei-Hsiang Huang , Yi-Chen Sun , Chung-Tien Lin
Innovative topical bioregenerative materials promoting corneal stromal healing provide valuable alternatives for treating patients with deep corneal ulcers, and particularly beneficial for those with a higher anaesthetic risk. This study aimed to investigate the effects of topical amniotic membrane suspension (AMS) and ReGeneraTing Agent (RGTA) on surgically induced deep stromal ulcers in rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 treatment groups: control group (topical normal saline, TID); AMS group (topical AMS, TID); RGTA group (topical RGTA, Q2D). Corneal microsurgery was used to create deep stromal ulcer. Evaluations were performed by corneal opacity grading, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test were used for statistical analysis. By the seventh day of treatment, both the AMS and RGTA groups showed significantly greater thickness in corneal stroma (both p-value < 0.05) than the control group. Additionally, the RGTA group exhibited a significantly higher degree of myofibroblast infiltration in the stroma and a greater level of corneal opacity (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the count of inflammatory cells were noted. In conclusion, both AMS and RGTA have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting the early stages of stromal wound healing and wound defect recovery in our research. Both AMS and RGTA have good potential for treating deep corneal ulcers in small animals practice. Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term effects and mechanism of using topical AMS and RGTA on treating deep corneal ulcer in clinical practice.
{"title":"Investigation of topical amniotic membrane suspension and ReGeneraTing Agent on early corneal stromal healing in rats","authors":"Hao Lee , Wei-Hsiang Huang , Yi-Chen Sun , Chung-Tien Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Innovative topical bioregenerative materials promoting corneal stromal healing provide valuable alternatives for treating patients with deep corneal ulcers, and particularly beneficial for those with a higher anaesthetic risk. This study aimed to investigate the effects of topical amniotic membrane suspension (AMS) and ReGeneraTing Agent (RGTA) on surgically induced deep stromal ulcers in rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 treatment groups: control group (topical normal saline, TID); AMS group (topical AMS, TID); RGTA group (topical RGTA, Q2D). Corneal microsurgery was used to create deep stromal ulcer. Evaluations were performed by corneal opacity grading, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test were used for statistical analysis. By the seventh day of treatment, both the AMS and RGTA groups showed significantly greater thickness in corneal stroma (both <em>p</em>-value < 0.05) than the control group. Additionally, the RGTA group exhibited a significantly higher degree of myofibroblast infiltration in the stroma and a greater level of corneal opacity (<em>p</em> < 0.05). No significant differences in the count of inflammatory cells were noted. In conclusion, both AMS and RGTA have demonstrated effectiveness in promoting the early stages of stromal wound healing and wound defect recovery in our research. Both AMS and RGTA have good potential for treating deep corneal ulcers in small animals practice. Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term effects and mechanism of using topical AMS and RGTA on treating deep corneal ulcer in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000115/pdfft?md5=8b0de9be5632dbf65c0c6506f831470a&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000115-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}