The Malaysian government has foreseen the importance of the digital economy to the nation since 1996. In 1996 and 1998, respectively, the Malaysia Digital Economy Development (MDEC) and Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) were established to regulate the industry and articulate digital economy initiatives both from public and private sectors. This study aims to review the digital economy policies introduced by three governments, i.e. Barisan Nasional, Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional, since the Independence in 1957 until 2020. Each ruling government has announced its digital economy initiatives as significant contributors to the national economic development. The review of the policies will include the Malaysia Plans, yearly budgets and economic stimulus packages. The outcome of this review will significantly help to evaluate the country’s readiness in embarking on the digital economy, and provide recommendations for future digital economy initiatives.
{"title":"The Readiness of Malaysia Digital Economy: A Study of Three Government Policies from 1991 to 2020","authors":"B. Edrak, Zaamah Mohd Nor, A. Shaik","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n12p84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n12p84","url":null,"abstract":"The Malaysian government has foreseen the importance of the digital economy to the nation since 1996. In 1996 and 1998, respectively, the Malaysia Digital Economy Development (MDEC) and Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) were established to regulate the industry and articulate digital economy initiatives both from public and private sectors. This study aims to review the digital economy policies introduced by three governments, i.e. Barisan Nasional, Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional, since the Independence in 1957 until 2020. Each ruling government has announced its digital economy initiatives as significant contributors to the national economic development. The review of the policies will include the Malaysia Plans, yearly budgets and economic stimulus packages. The outcome of this review will significantly help to evaluate the country’s readiness in embarking on the digital economy, and provide recommendations for future digital economy initiatives.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86143291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charney S. Akala, Taryn Neuhaus, Indrani O’ Leary-Govender
The article examined three widely accepted approaches to sustainable investing: Socially Responsible Investing (SRI), Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), and impact investing. Nevertheless, these sustainable investment strategies are under-institutionalised, characterised by a lack of consistent terminology and mixed return performance. Given that these inconsistencies are prevalent in academic research regarding sustainable investing, the paper aimed to perform a systematic review of related studies to compare, contrast and consolidate these sustainable investment approaches. The findings of this study reveal overlapping conceptual frameworks between SRI, ESG and impact investing. The paper recommends the development of a consistent conceptual framework for sustainable investing.
{"title":"A Systematic Review of Sustainable Investment Approaches","authors":"Charney S. Akala, Taryn Neuhaus, Indrani O’ Leary-Govender","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n12p72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n12p72","url":null,"abstract":"The article examined three widely accepted approaches to sustainable investing: Socially Responsible Investing (SRI), Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), and impact investing. Nevertheless, these sustainable investment strategies are under-institutionalised, characterised by a lack of consistent terminology and mixed return performance. Given that these inconsistencies are prevalent in academic research regarding sustainable investing, the paper aimed to perform a systematic review of related studies to compare, contrast and consolidate these sustainable investment approaches. The findings of this study reveal overlapping conceptual frameworks between SRI, ESG and impact investing. The paper recommends the development of a consistent conceptual framework for sustainable investing.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87267982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why do people fall for scams? This paper presents an experiment about the effect of a sunk cost on unwise decision making. This experiment portrays a scam involved in a long shot gamble. The experiment uses two conditions; one condition hosts the sunk cost effect, and the other without the effect. These two conditions help reveal the fact if a sunk cost effect indeed presents itself in scams. The results of said experiment did not indicate a significant difference between the two conditions, suggesting that a sunk cost effect most likely does not play a big role in scams.
{"title":"The Absence of a Sunk Cost Effect in a Long Shot Gamble and Scams","authors":"Sam Y. Yu","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n12p68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n12p68","url":null,"abstract":"Why do people fall for scams? This paper presents an experiment about the effect of a sunk cost on unwise decision making. This experiment portrays a scam involved in a long shot gamble. The experiment uses two conditions; one condition hosts the sunk cost effect, and the other without the effect. These two conditions help reveal the fact if a sunk cost effect indeed presents itself in scams. The results of said experiment did not indicate a significant difference between the two conditions, suggesting that a sunk cost effect most likely does not play a big role in scams.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74743228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
chuo-hsuan Lee, E. Lusk, Karen Naaman, Osamuyimen Omorogbe-Akpata
Context The Environment, Social, and Governance [ESGÓ]-platform offered by BloombergÔ Professional Services [https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/] is a leading source of relevant, reliable, and timely information on the context within which market trading firms operate. The ESG-platform of the Bloomberg Terminals [BBT] includes more than 2,000 data fields that provide intel to aid in better understanding the “Stakeholder-impact” of the firm’s activities. One of the sub-platforms therein is the Institutional Shareholder Services [ISS] which offers Governance QualityScores: (GQSÔ). The BBT[ISS[GQS]]-platform is a data-driven approach to scoring & screening designed to help investors monitor a company’s control of governance risk. Previous studies have provided vetting information of the BBT[ISS[GQS]]-platform. As an enhancement to these vetting-studies, we offer the following. Study Design In the ESG-Platform, there are Disclosure Scores for: The General [ESG], Environment, Social & Governance categories. The vetting question of interest is: Does the ISS score those firms that provide more Disclosure information as ISS[1] and those firms that provide less as ISS[10]? If so, this would cast doubt on the relevance and reliability of the ISS-assignment taxonomy. Results We discuss the critical role of vetting. Then, the Dul: Necessity & Sufficiency Screen is offered as the organizing logic of the Inferential vetting platform. Finally, using the Gold Standard test: Linear Discriminant Analysis for the vetting inference, it is clear that the ISS-assignment is not aligned with the degree of provision of disclosure information for any of the four ESG-Disclosure Score variables. Thus, these vetting results are not inconsistent with a functioning taxonomic-allocation platform.
由BloombergÔ Professional Services [https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/]提供的环境、社会和治理平台[ESGÓ]是有关市场交易公司运作环境的相关、可靠和及时信息的主要来源。彭博终端(BBT)的esg平台包括2000多个数据字段，这些数据字段提供的信息有助于更好地理解公司活动的“利益相关者影响”。其中一个子平台是机构股东服务(ISS)，它提供治理质量评分:(GQSÔ)。BBT[ISS[GQS]]平台是一种数据驱动的评分和筛选方法，旨在帮助投资者监控公司对治理风险的控制。以前的研究已经提供了BBT[ISS[GQS]]平台的审查信息。作为对这些审查研究的加强，我们提供以下内容。在ESG平台中，有以下披露得分:一般[ESG]，环境，社会和治理类别。利益的审查问题是:ISS是否将那些提供更多披露信息的公司评为ISS[1]，而将那些提供较少信息的公司评为ISS[10]?如果是这样，这将使人们对iss分配分类法的相关性和可靠性产生怀疑。结果讨论了审评的关键作用。然后，提出了必要性和充分性筛选作为推理审查平台的组织逻辑。最后，使用黄金标准检验:线性判别分析进行审查推理，很明显iss分配与四个esg披露得分变量中任何一个的披露信息提供程度都不一致。因此，这些审查结果与功能性分类分配平台并不矛盾。
{"title":"Alignment Vetting of Bloomberg’s ISS: QualityScore [GQS]: Frequency of Provision of ESG & Related Disclosure Scores","authors":"chuo-hsuan Lee, E. Lusk, Karen Naaman, Osamuyimen Omorogbe-Akpata","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n12p40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n12p40","url":null,"abstract":"Context The Environment, Social, and Governance [ESGÓ]-platform offered by BloombergÔ Professional Services [https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/] is a leading source of relevant, reliable, and timely information on the context within which market trading firms operate. The ESG-platform of the Bloomberg Terminals [BBT] includes more than 2,000 data fields that provide intel to aid in better understanding the “Stakeholder-impact” of the firm’s activities. One of the sub-platforms therein is the Institutional Shareholder Services [ISS] which offers Governance QualityScores: (GQSÔ). The BBT[ISS[GQS]]-platform is a data-driven approach to scoring & screening designed to help investors monitor a company’s control of governance risk. Previous studies have provided vetting information of the BBT[ISS[GQS]]-platform. As an enhancement to these vetting-studies, we offer the following. Study Design In the ESG-Platform, there are Disclosure Scores for: The General [ESG], Environment, Social & Governance categories. The vetting question of interest is: Does the ISS score those firms that provide more Disclosure information as ISS[1] and those firms that provide less as ISS[10]? If so, this would cast doubt on the relevance and reliability of the ISS-assignment taxonomy. Results We discuss the critical role of vetting. Then, the Dul: Necessity & Sufficiency Screen is offered as the organizing logic of the Inferential vetting platform. Finally, using the Gold Standard test: Linear Discriminant Analysis for the vetting inference, it is clear that the ISS-assignment is not aligned with the degree of provision of disclosure information for any of the four ESG-Disclosure Score variables. Thus, these vetting results are not inconsistent with a functioning taxonomic-allocation platform. ","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89511658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kumuditha D Hikkaduwa Epa Liyanage, Denis Nadolnyak, Valentina Hartarska
This paper examines the consequences of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 on financial inclusion in rural areas. The Act imposed changes in the U.S. banking industry that contributed to closures or consolidation of smaller community banks, mostly in the rural areas, that could not sustain the higher regulatory burden. We evaluate whether the Act had differential impacts on the financial inclusion of rural and urban unbanked households. Financial inclusion is measured by the utilization of banking services such as checking or savings account and by relying less on Alternative Financial Services (AFS). We employ the Changes-in-Changes quantile model to establish if rural unbanked households were more affected relative to their urban counterparts and provide robustness checks through ordered and binomial logistic regressions. We analyze both the short- and the long-term impacts of the Act using household-level data from the FDIC National Surveys of Unbanked and Underbanked Households. Results indicate that rural unbanked households on average were more likely to plan to open a bank account shortly after 2010 but the magnitude of the effect decreased in long-term. The rural unbanked households did not use more AFS services for credit and transaction purposes than urban households in the short term. However, in the long term, they increased their use of AFS for credit relative to their urban counterparts, likely because they were less able to obtain credit from banks. The policy implications point at the need to promote technologies that may help close the rural-urban financial inclusion gap and indentify a potential for combination of Fintech and banking services provision.
{"title":"Financial Inclusion of Rural and Urban Households and the Dodd-Frank Act","authors":"Kumuditha D Hikkaduwa Epa Liyanage, Denis Nadolnyak, Valentina Hartarska","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n11p90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n11p90","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the consequences of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 on financial inclusion in rural areas. The Act imposed changes in the U.S. banking industry that contributed to closures or consolidation of smaller community banks, mostly in the rural areas, that could not sustain the higher regulatory burden. We evaluate whether the Act had differential impacts on the financial inclusion of rural and urban unbanked households. Financial inclusion is measured by the utilization of banking services such as checking or savings account and by relying less on Alternative Financial Services (AFS). We employ the Changes-in-Changes quantile model to establish if rural unbanked households were more affected relative to their urban counterparts and provide robustness checks through ordered and binomial logistic regressions. We analyze both the short- and the long-term impacts of the Act using household-level data from the FDIC National Surveys of Unbanked and Underbanked Households. Results indicate that rural unbanked households on average were more likely to plan to open a bank account shortly after 2010 but the magnitude of the effect decreased in long-term. The rural unbanked households did not use more AFS services for credit and transaction purposes than urban households in the short term. However, in the long term, they increased their use of AFS for credit relative to their urban counterparts, likely because they were less able to obtain credit from banks. The policy implications point at the need to promote technologies that may help close the rural-urban financial inclusion gap and indentify a potential for combination of Fintech and banking services provision.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80885939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 14, No. 11
《International Journal of Economics and Finance》，Vol. 14, No. 11
{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 14, No. 11","authors":"Michael Zhang","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n11p104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n11p104","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 14, No. 11","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89726854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of national savings in West African countries, using both time series analysis and panel data over the period 1980–2020. To do so, we used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model through the cointegration approach of boundary tests to check the robustness of the long-run relationship and the error correction mechanism (ECM) to capture the short-run dynamics between savings and its determinants. The results revealed that domestic income was a statistically significant determinant of national savings in the short and long run in West Africa. Based on the empirical results of the panel data, the results reveal that the current account positively influences savings in English countries in both the short and long run. On the other hand, domestic income and value added in agriculture were found to be determinants of savings in Francophone countries. It is recommended that, in order to promote savings, growth and economic development, policies aimed at improving labor productivity and the balance of trade are essential to increase savings rates in West Africa.
{"title":"The Determinants of National Savings in West African Countries: A Time Series and Dynamic Panel Data Analysis","authors":"N'guessan Tchetche, Beunon Pallaye","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n11p74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n11p74","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of national savings in West African countries, using both time series analysis and panel data over the period 1980–2020. To do so, we used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model through the cointegration approach of boundary tests to check the robustness of the long-run relationship and the error correction mechanism (ECM) to capture the short-run dynamics between savings and its determinants. The results revealed that domestic income was a statistically significant determinant of national savings in the short and long run in West Africa. Based on the empirical results of the panel data, the results reveal that the current account positively influences savings in English countries in both the short and long run. On the other hand, domestic income and value added in agriculture were found to be determinants of savings in Francophone countries. It is recommended that, in order to promote savings, growth and economic development, policies aimed at improving labor productivity and the balance of trade are essential to increase savings rates in West Africa.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85393388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proponents of stringent regulation argue in favor of higher capital requirements that it promotes financial stability, while opponents argue that capital requirements might not enhance stability but might in fact increase a bank’s riskiness. In this paper, we test this hypothesis with a dynamic panel data model for eight Malawian commercial banks using GMM estimation technique. Our results reveal that there is high persistency in risk-taking behavior of Malawian banks. Further, the study finds that high capital ratios reduce risk-taking behavior of Malawian banks through reduction in NPLs ratio and investment in high risky-assets. Based on these results, imposition of stringent penalties on banks that fail to meet minimum capital requirements and strict enforcement of regulation is key to ensuring that all banks sustain sufficient capital buffers and hence safeguard stability of banking system. However, contrary to corporate governance propositions, the study finds that the structure of board of directors does not significantly influence the impact of capital regulation on bank risk taking in Malawi.
{"title":"Regulatory Capital Requirements and Risk Taking Behaviour: Evidence from the Malawi Banking System","authors":"Onelie Nkuna, Marrium Mustapher","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n11p60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n11p60","url":null,"abstract":"Proponents of stringent regulation argue in favor of higher capital requirements that it promotes financial stability, while opponents argue that capital requirements might not enhance stability but might in fact increase a bank’s riskiness. In this paper, we test this hypothesis with a dynamic panel data model for eight Malawian commercial banks using GMM estimation technique. Our results reveal that there is high persistency in risk-taking behavior of Malawian banks. Further, the study finds that high capital ratios reduce risk-taking behavior of Malawian banks through reduction in NPLs ratio and investment in high risky-assets. Based on these results, imposition of stringent penalties on banks that fail to meet minimum capital requirements and strict enforcement of regulation is key to ensuring that all banks sustain sufficient capital buffers and hence safeguard stability of banking system. However, contrary to corporate governance propositions, the study finds that the structure of board of directors does not significantly influence the impact of capital regulation on bank risk taking in Malawi.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74993234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a result of economic imbalances, global turmoil, and catastrophic global health events, economic policy uncertainty is rising across countries, and corporate risk taking is heterogeneous, which can affect auditors’ decisions. This paper explores the impact of economic policy uncertainty on abnormal audit fees based on a corporate risk-taking perspective, using A-share listed companies in China from 2007-2019 as a research sample. According to the research, the level of abnormal audit fees increases as economic policy uncertainty increases, and corporate risk-taking worsens the correlation. Further research shows that higher economic policy uncertainty leads auditors to increase additional inputs and charge a higher compensation for audit risks, resulting in a larger positive and negative abnormal audit fee. Additionally, the positive association between economic policy uncertainty and abnormal audit fees is present in non-state-owned enterprises, while it is not significant in state-owned enterprises.
{"title":"Economic Policy Uncertainty, Corporate Risk-Taking and Abnormal Audit Fees","authors":"Jinfeng Wang, Ran Zhu","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n12p28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n12p28","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of economic imbalances, global turmoil, and catastrophic global health events, economic policy uncertainty is rising across countries, and corporate risk taking is heterogeneous, which can affect auditors’ decisions. This paper explores the impact of economic policy uncertainty on abnormal audit fees based on a corporate risk-taking perspective, using A-share listed companies in China from 2007-2019 as a research sample. According to the research, the level of abnormal audit fees increases as economic policy uncertainty increases, and corporate risk-taking worsens the correlation. Further research shows that higher economic policy uncertainty leads auditors to increase additional inputs and charge a higher compensation for audit risks, resulting in a larger positive and negative abnormal audit fee. Additionally, the positive association between economic policy uncertainty and abnormal audit fees is present in non-state-owned enterprises, while it is not significant in state-owned enterprises.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88764029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matheus A. S. Souza, Paulo R. A. Loureiro, G. L. Bertussi, George H. M. Cunha, T. Moreira
This paper evaluates the relationship between political parties and hate crimes in the US, based on the empirical models, considering a panel data with 47 states from 1997 to 2019. Results show that a Democratic president is correlated with fewer crimes of hate if compared with a Republican. Such a result might occur due to different public policies according to the political party in power. Results also show that Democratic governors have a positive correlation with hate crimes, but further exercises show that this is only true for Southern states. In non-Southern states, Democratic governors are negatively correlated with hate crimes.
{"title":"Political Parties and Hate Crimes: Empirical Evidence from the United States","authors":"Matheus A. S. Souza, Paulo R. A. Loureiro, G. L. Bertussi, George H. M. Cunha, T. Moreira","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v14n11p46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n11p46","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the relationship between political parties and hate crimes in the US, based on the empirical models, considering a panel data with 47 states from 1997 to 2019. Results show that a Democratic president is correlated with fewer crimes of hate if compared with a Republican. Such a result might occur due to different public policies according to the political party in power. Results also show that Democratic governors have a positive correlation with hate crimes, but further exercises show that this is only true for Southern states. In non-Southern states, Democratic governors are negatively correlated with hate crimes.","PeriodicalId":37166,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies","volume":"7 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78366908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：