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Kęstutis Nastopka's Texts That Speak (Kęstutis Nastopka, Įsiklausymai (Lending an Ear)) Kęstutis纳斯托普卡的《会说话的文本》(Kęstutis纳斯托普卡,Įsiklausymai(倾听))
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.51554/coll.21.47.12
Dainius Vaitiekūnas
Kęstutis Nastopka, Įsiklausymai: monografija, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2020, 306 [2] p., ISBN 978-609-425-299-0
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引用次数: 0
The poetry of Atgimimas. Who Called the Nation and Who Led it? 阿提玛斯的诗。谁呼唤这个国家,谁领导这个国家?
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.51554/coll.21.47.06
Akvilė Rėklaitytė
The author of the article focuses on the time of the Reform Movement of Lithuania, Sąjūdis, when around 1987-1990 the Soviet Union began to fall apart and Lithuania was granted an opportune moment to seek political independence. In Lithuania, the Soviet ruling elite tried to exclude dissidents, who were more active in politics; therefore intellectuals, writers, and artists formed the vanguard of the movement for freedom. A review of documentary material from the time has revealed the important role of poetry. The article explores the poetic discourse of the years of Atgimimas, i.e. poems published in official and illegal publications, and analyses their poetics (themes, stylistics, and imagery). It aims to verify whether poetry was the “leader” of the Sąjūdis discourse, as many people who remember the movement testify. The research shows that during the political liberation of the state, poetry as an independent field of art had been in crisis. Instead of creating a distinctive aesthetic world and language, it illustrated the changes taking place in society, trying to keep up with historical events. Memoirs and journalism, which satisfied the public’s need for the direct talk about the realities, became the real leader of the discourse.
本文的作者将重点放在立陶宛改革运动(Sąjūdis)时期,1987-1990年前后,苏联开始解体,立陶宛获得了寻求政治独立的良机。在立陶宛,苏联统治精英试图排斥持不同政见者,因为他们在政治上更为活跃;因此,知识分子、作家和艺术家组成了争取自由运动的先锋。对当时文献资料的回顾揭示了诗歌的重要作用。本文探讨了阿提玛斯时代的诗歌话语,即在官方和非法出版物上发表的诗歌,并分析了它们的诗学(主题、文体学和意象)。它的目的是验证诗歌是否是Sąjūdis话语的“领导者”,正如许多记得这场运动的人所证明的那样。研究表明,在国家政治解放时期,诗歌作为一门独立的艺术领域已经处于危机之中。它没有创造一个独特的审美世界和语言,而是描绘了社会发生的变化,试图跟上历史事件。回忆录和新闻满足了公众直接谈论现实的需要,成为话语的真正领导者。
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引用次数: 0
Antanas Škėma – My Classmate
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.51554/col.2020.28594
Kazys Daugėla
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引用次数: 0
A Twofold Look: Researching Vaižgantas’s Studies and Epistolary 双重视角:Vaižgantas的研究与书信体研究
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.51554/col.2020.28596
Jurgita Žana Raškevičiūtė
Aistė Kučinskienė, Kultūrišku keliu: Juozo Tumo-Vaižganto laiškai, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2019. ‒ 256 p., ISBN 978-609-425-284-6
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引用次数: 0
History in the Scope of a Female Aristocrat: Historical Novels by Sophie de Tisenhaus de Choiseul-Gouffier 女贵族视野中的历史:索菲·德·蒂森豪斯·德·舒瓦瑟尔-古菲耶的历史小说
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.51554/col.2020.28590
Brigita Speičytė
The article discusses the works of Sophie de Tisenhaus de Choiseul-Gouffier (1790–1878), a writer from historical Lithuania, which mostly consist of the historical novels. The novels, written in French and published in Paris, are based on the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.The article analyzes the specifics of the historic genre: individual motives for choosing it, communication strategy, specifics of history representation, and reflection on gender, social and national identity. The author’s memoirs are useful for the genesis of historical writing in the aristocratic environment of dilettante arts, influenced by the 19th-century mass experience of history and the tendency to project it into a historical narrative. The author of the article concludes that the strategy of cultural diplomacy characteristic of Sophie de Tisenhaus de Choiseul-Gouffier’s novels—the goal of popularizing Polish and Lithuanian history in the international arena in order to anchor the historical and cultural memory of a country deleted from the European map—is not the only one defining her historical fiction. In terms of identity reflection, her novels, which first of all stand out for their feminine perspective, reveal a “fundamental conflict” of aristocracy in the modern era, discussed by Norbert Elias, i.e. an ambivalent reconstruction and critique of the aristocratic ethos. From an aesthetic point of view, primarily because of the nature of historical knowledge, Sophie de Tisenhaus de Choiseul-Gouffier’s novels come forth as an alternative to the genre model of Walter Scott’s historical novel, which was popular in Europe at the time. Such an understanding of history allows the author to convey a distance based on values in relation to inherited and new forms of life emerging in modernity.
本文讨论了立陶宛历史作家索菲·德·提森豪斯·德·舒瓦瑟尔-古菲耶(1790-1878)的作品,主要以历史小说为主。这些小说是用法语写的,在巴黎出版,以波兰立陶宛联邦的历史为基础。本文分析了历史体裁的特殊性:个体选择的动机、传播策略、历史再现的特殊性以及对性别、社会和国家认同的反思。作者的回忆录对历史写作的起源很有帮助,在贵族环境下的业余艺术中,受19世纪大众历史经验的影响,并倾向于将其投射到历史叙事中。作者总结道,索菲·德·提森豪斯·德·舒瓦瑟尔-古菲耶小说的文化外交策略——在国际舞台上普及波兰和立陶宛的历史,以锚定一个从欧洲地图上被删除的国家的历史和文化记忆——并不是她历史小说的唯一特征。在身份反思方面,她的小说首先以女性视角突出,揭示了诺伯特·埃利亚斯(Norbert Elias)所讨论的现代贵族的“根本冲突”,即对贵族精神的矛盾重构和批判。从美学的角度来看,主要是由于历史知识的性质,索菲·德·提森豪斯·德·舒瓦瑟尔-高菲耶的小说作为沃尔特·司各特的历史小说类型模式的替代而出现,后者在当时的欧洲很流行。这种对历史的理解使作者能够传达一种基于价值观的距离,这种价值观与继承的和现代性中出现的新生活形式有关。
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引用次数: 0
On Henrikas Nagys’ Niveau
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.51554/col.2020.28588
Gintarė Bernotienė
The author of the article examines the trajectories of the Lithuanian diaspora poet, Henrikas Nagys’ (1920–1996), works, their recognition and his ability to remain an influential figure in the field of literature. The assessment of poet’s works and his personality are highlighted by introducing behindthe-scenes actions and circumstances, which did not resonate in the literary criticism of the time, but were captured in the diaspora cultural press and in the private egodocuments that became available later, such as memoirs, diaries, and vast correspondence. These egodocuments constitute the basis of this research.The author of the article has chosen the historical empirical method, which suits the most to observe the dynamics of Nagys’ aesthetic and moral choices and evaluations in the context of Lithuanian diaspora—the early recognition of Nagys’ poetry; the strengthening of his generation’s literary position, actively pursued by the poet himself; promoting the authors of similar poetic aesthetics to the ranks of the leading writers (i.e. hierarchical actions); and later, poet’s sore reaction to his exclusion from the top of hierarchy.Nagys, an ardent patriot of Lithuania, who firmly defended his position in the disputes, was uncompromising towards the Soviet regime. Ideological and worldview differences were one of the reasons why Nagys broke ties with the associates of the monthly Akiračiai and the literary journal Metmenys and the Santara Federation. Nagys felt unappreciated when the literary criticism professing the new literary research methods put forward the authors of the renewed canon of Lithuanian diaspora poetry (Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas, Tomas Venclova, Henrikas Radauskas).Nagys learned of the value of his works and of his influence on poets living in Lithuania only after 1990s, relying on the reactions to his poetry (political context was also important for understanding its value orientation) revealed in private correspondence with Lithuania’s writers.
本文的作者考察了立陶宛散居诗人亨利卡斯·纳吉斯(Henrikas Nagys, 1920-1996)的创作轨迹、作品的认可度以及他在文学领域保持影响力的能力。通过介绍幕后的行为和环境,对诗人的作品和他的个性进行了评估,这些行为和环境在当时的文学批评中没有引起共鸣,但在散居的文化报刊和后来可用的私人自我文件中被捕获,例如回忆录,日记和大量通信。这些自我文件构成了本研究的基础。本文作者选择了最适合观察立陶宛侨民背景下纳吉斯审美与道德选择与评价动态的历史实证方法——对纳吉斯诗歌的早期认识;他这一代文学地位的巩固,是诗人本人积极追求的;将具有相似诗学美学的作家提升到一流作家的行列(即等级行动);后来,诗人对自己被排除在上层阶级之外的痛苦反应。纳吉斯是立陶宛的狂热爱国者,在争端中坚定地捍卫自己的立场,对苏联政权毫不妥协。意识形态和世界观的差异是纳吉斯与月刊《akiraiai》和文学杂志《Metmenys and the Santara Federation》断绝关系的原因之一。当主张新的文学研究方法的文学批评提出立陶宛侨民诗歌的新经典作者(Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas, Tomas Venclova, Henrikas Radauskas)时,Nagys感到不受重视。纳吉斯了解到他的作品的价值,以及他对1990年代以后生活在立陶宛的诗人的影响,依靠的是在与立陶宛作家的私人通信中透露的对他的诗歌的反应(政治背景对理解其价值取向也很重要)。
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引用次数: 0
Primal Images of a Peaceful Being: Tracing a Novel (Works by Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas and Adalbert Stifter) 平和生命的原始意象:一部小说的追寻(阿方萨斯Nyka-Niliūnas和阿德伯特·斯蒂特的作品)
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.51554/col.2020.28587
Rita Tūtlytė
The aim of the article is to examine the longing for a “peaceful being” identified in the works of the 20th-century Lithuanian writer Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas and to explore his literary sources. The focus is on the novel Der Nachsommer (1857) [Indian Summer] of the 19th-century Austrian writer Adalbert Stifter, which Nyka-Niliūnas constantly mentions in his diaries. The author of the article also introduces the most important observations by the German / Austrian literary critics about the novel on this subject. From a comparative point of view, the author elaborates on the aspects that are close to the worldview of both Stifter and Niliūnas. Finally, she talks about the history of reception of Stifter’s works mentioned in Niliūnas’s diaries.Stifter’s novel depicts a closed, calm, and „storm-free“ world deliberately created by an individual. In this respect, Niliūnas’s works depict a clear connection between the space of the childhood home and loved ones, providing a sense of security and the importance of consistency and daily monotony that ensures a sense of stability. The relationship with the reality of things in the writers’ works differs: Stifter experiences the positivist closeness to reality, whereas Niliūnas’s works are characterized by the sensory and ontological being.In terms of time, Niliūnas puts his own twist on a safe nest of existence. He perceives the change of the seasons and their turnover as a measure of the stability of existence. The poet stops / restores the flow of time by remembering and by layering the segments of time. In this way, the time revolving around the circle of nature, or the circle of memories ensures the sustainability of the personal world. Stifter’s “Rosenhaus” is an idyllic place where a person goes through a thorough process of self-education (the novel is considered a Bildungsroman).Niliūnas recognizes in Stifter’s novel the importance of selfdevelopment. In silent solitude, to set off purposefully to the worlds of art and philosophy had been poet's main frame of mind through his entire life. Like Stifter, Niliūnas uses intertextual substitutions and cultural plots. It is probable that with the outbreak of war in Europe and the collapse of stability, to Niliūnas, the connoisseur of books, Stifter’s novel was  personally a very significant discovery, becoming one of the pillars of his worldview. The author of the article concludes that Niliūnas was affected by the conceptual layer of the Stifter’s novel—the revolving of the ontologically safe existence.
本文旨在探讨20世纪立陶宛作家Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas作品中对“和平存在”的渴望,并探索他的文学来源。重点是19世纪奥地利作家Adalbert Stifter的小说《Der Nachsommer》(1857)[Indian Summer], Nyka-Niliūnas在他的日记中经常提到这本小说。文章的作者还介绍了德国/奥地利文学评论家对这部小说在这个主题上的最重要的观察。作者从比较的角度,阐述了斯蒂特和Niliūnas的世界观接近的方面。最后,她谈到了Niliūnas日记中提到的Stifter作品的接受历史。斯蒂特的小说描绘了一个封闭的、平静的、“没有风暴”的世界,是由一个人刻意创造的。在这方面,Niliūnas的作品描绘了童年家园和亲人空间之间的清晰联系,提供了一种安全感,以及一致性和日常单调的重要性,确保了稳定感。在作家的作品中,与事物现实的关系有所不同:斯蒂特经历了实证主义的贴近现实,而Niliūnas的作品则以感性和本体论的存在为特征。就时间而言,Niliūnas在一个安全的存在之巢中融入了自己的风格。他认为季节的变化和更替是衡量生存稳定性的标准。诗人通过回忆和分层时间片段来停止/恢复时间的流动。这样,时间围绕着自然的循环,或者记忆的循环,保证了个人世界的可持续性。斯蒂特的《罗森豪斯》是一个田园诗般的地方,一个人在这里经历了彻底的自我教育过程(这部小说被认为是一部成长小说)。Niliūnas在斯蒂特的小说中认识到了自我发展的重要性。在沉默的孤独中,有目的地进入艺术和哲学的世界,是诗人一生的主要思想框架。像Stifter一样,Niliūnas使用互文替代和文化情节。很可能随着欧洲战争的爆发和稳定的崩溃,对于Niliūnas这位书籍鉴赏家来说,斯蒂夫特的小说对他个人来说是一个非常重要的发现,成为他世界观的支柱之一。这篇文章的作者得出结论,Niliūnas受到了Stifter小说概念层的影响——对本体论安全存在的旋转。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of Comparative Literature in Europe 欧洲比较文学的比较研究
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.51554/col.2020.28597
Dalia Cidzikaitė
Comparative Literature in Europe. Challenges and Perspectives, eds. Nikol Dziub and Frédérique Toudoire-Surlapierre. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019, 243 p. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2226-1, ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2226-8
欧洲比较文学。挑战与展望,编。Nikol Dziub和fracendsamrique Toudoire-Surlapierre。剑桥学者出版社,2019,243页。ISBN (10): 1-5275-2226-1, ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2226-8
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引用次数: 0
Witold Gombrowicz and Philosophy
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.51554/col.2020.28586
A. Sverdiolas
The author of the article examines Witold Gombrowicz’s literary texts, diaries, lectures, essays, interviews and letters, as well as memoirs about him, trying to reconstruct the most important philosophical issues that concerned the writer and to describe the nature of his philosophizing. Gombrowicz’s philosophyzing is placed in the very broad context of the Western philosophical thinking tradition. Subsequently, that context is narrowed down to Jean-Paul Sartre’s existentialism which was closest to Gombrowicz and from which he specified his own position by strictly limiting Sartre’s concept of activistic freedom and self-creation and introducing the issue of pain and suffering.Gombrowicz fundamentally modified Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological conception of the transcendental ego, paradoxically identifying it with his own self. The author of the article also draws attention to the philosophy of life, mentioned neither by Gombrowicz nor the authors who researched his philosophy, which is important for understanding the foundations of writer’s thinking. He also analyzes the relationship between philosophical and literary thinking, the personality or even privacy of philosophizing, the “implementation” of philosophical thinking, and other issues.
本文作者考察了维托尔德·贡布洛维奇的文学文本、日记、演讲、散文、访谈和信件,以及关于他的回忆录,试图重构与这位作家有关的最重要的哲学问题,并描述他哲学思考的本质。冈布罗维奇的哲学思想被置于西方哲学思维传统的广阔背景中。随后,这一背景被缩小到让-保罗·萨特的存在主义,这是最接近贡布洛维奇的,他通过严格限制萨特的行动自由和自我创造的概念,并引入痛苦和苦难的问题,来明确自己的立场。冈布罗维奇从根本上修改了胡塞尔关于先验自我的现象学概念,矛盾地将其与他自己的自我等同起来。文章的作者还提到了贡布洛维奇和研究他的哲学的作者都没有提到的生活哲学,这对于理解作家的思想基础很重要。他还分析了哲学思维与文学思维的关系、哲学思维的个性甚至私密性、哲学思维的“实施”等问题。
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引用次数: 0
My Life: Reminiscences. Prepared by Eugenijus Žmuida 我的生活:回忆。由Eugenijus Žmuida准备
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.51554/col.2020.28592
Juozas Girdzijauskas, Eugenijus Žmuida
Šis Vilniaus universiteto profesoriaus Juozo Girdzijausko (1935–2014) autobiografinis pasakojimas buvo įrašytas 2007 m. rudenį, kalbantis jo bute Antakalnio gatvėje. Garso įrašą su gyvu profesoriaus balsu bus galima išgirsti Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos instituto šiuo metu leidybai rengiamoje knygoje Profesorius Juozas Girdzijauskas: atsiminimai, laiškai, interviu. Čia pateikiamą tekstą pagal garso įrašą parengė Eugenijus Žmuida.
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引用次数: 0
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Colloquia
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